Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2105722
Ian R. Hoppe, Allison E. Johnson, E. VanWormer
ABSTRACT Haemosporidian parasites of birds are geographically widespread, have been detected in a phylogenetically diverse array of hosts, and have been the focus of extensive research due to both their impacts on birds and their similarity to vector-borne diseases of humans. Advances in molecular diagnostic tools have created a greater awareness of the genetic diversity of haemosporidian infections. Yet in spite of their more or less global distribution, comparatively little is known about the haemosporidians affecting birds in Australia. We screened blood from 889 birds (23 species) for haemosporidian blood parasite infections during the 2019 breeding season at Brookfield Conservation Park, South Australia. We examined the genetic (lineage) diversity of haemosporidian infections in this behaviourally and ecologically diverse host assemblage and examined the congruence between parasite and host phylogenies. We identified seven Haemoproteus mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, five of which were novel. Four birds had simultaneous co-infections by two Haemoproteus lineages each. The Haemoproteus lineages clustered at the host family level. Two Plasmodium lineages were also identified, each of which had been previously detected in different avian host species in Australasia. We did not detect any Leucocytozoon infections in our sample. This study supplies critical baseline data on host–parasite associations in a poorly-surveyed geographic region.
{"title":"Haemosporidian parasite diversity in an under-surveyed Australian avifauna","authors":"Ian R. Hoppe, Allison E. Johnson, E. VanWormer","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2105722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2105722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Haemosporidian parasites of birds are geographically widespread, have been detected in a phylogenetically diverse array of hosts, and have been the focus of extensive research due to both their impacts on birds and their similarity to vector-borne diseases of humans. Advances in molecular diagnostic tools have created a greater awareness of the genetic diversity of haemosporidian infections. Yet in spite of their more or less global distribution, comparatively little is known about the haemosporidians affecting birds in Australia. We screened blood from 889 birds (23 species) for haemosporidian blood parasite infections during the 2019 breeding season at Brookfield Conservation Park, South Australia. We examined the genetic (lineage) diversity of haemosporidian infections in this behaviourally and ecologically diverse host assemblage and examined the congruence between parasite and host phylogenies. We identified seven Haemoproteus mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, five of which were novel. Four birds had simultaneous co-infections by two Haemoproteus lineages each. The Haemoproteus lineages clustered at the host family level. Two Plasmodium lineages were also identified, each of which had been previously detected in different avian host species in Australasia. We did not detect any Leucocytozoon infections in our sample. This study supplies critical baseline data on host–parasite associations in a poorly-surveyed geographic region.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"42 1","pages":"186 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84334351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2105236
P. Olsen, R. Cunningham
ABSTRACT Species on small, isolated islands are particularly prone to extinction from human-related threats including climate change. As a case study, we investigated body condition of nestlings of the critically endangered, conservation-dependent subspecies of Tasman Moreporks Ninox novaeseelandiae on Norfolk Island. Annual productivity is low, with only 53 fledglings produced on the island 1989–2007, two in 2019 and an unknown number between. As predicted under climate change, the island is experiencing increasingly drier conditions and more extreme precipitation events. It was postulated that this would negatively impact on body condition. A condition index for 48 nestlings was positively correlated with typical annual rainfall (<1500 mm), but depressed in years of extreme precipitation (>1871 mm). Optimal nestling condition coincided with long-term, median annual rainfall and female nestlings were in better condition than males. The timing of breeding became progressively later over the study period. These results are interpreted as food resource-related, via prey availability and hunting conditions. Implications include that in dry years and under very wet conditions, some adult females may be unable to put on sufficient weight to attempt to reproduce and those that do breed may produce fewer nestlings, and, importantly, that the current population may be around capacity. Conservation efforts should take into consideration the impacts of climate change, particularly on small, human-impacted islands, where species face interacting threats, and resources and options for adaptation are severely limited.
{"title":"Influence of extreme and typical rainfall on nestling body condition of the endangered Norfolk Island Morepork: conservation implications of climate change","authors":"P. Olsen, R. Cunningham","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2105236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2105236","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Species on small, isolated islands are particularly prone to extinction from human-related threats including climate change. As a case study, we investigated body condition of nestlings of the critically endangered, conservation-dependent subspecies of Tasman Moreporks Ninox novaeseelandiae on Norfolk Island. Annual productivity is low, with only 53 fledglings produced on the island 1989–2007, two in 2019 and an unknown number between. As predicted under climate change, the island is experiencing increasingly drier conditions and more extreme precipitation events. It was postulated that this would negatively impact on body condition. A condition index for 48 nestlings was positively correlated with typical annual rainfall (<1500 mm), but depressed in years of extreme precipitation (>1871 mm). Optimal nestling condition coincided with long-term, median annual rainfall and female nestlings were in better condition than males. The timing of breeding became progressively later over the study period. These results are interpreted as food resource-related, via prey availability and hunting conditions. Implications include that in dry years and under very wet conditions, some adult females may be unable to put on sufficient weight to attempt to reproduce and those that do breed may produce fewer nestlings, and, importantly, that the current population may be around capacity. Conservation efforts should take into consideration the impacts of climate change, particularly on small, human-impacted islands, where species face interacting threats, and resources and options for adaptation are severely limited.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"150 1","pages":"176 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82898281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2096074
S. Garnett, G. Maurer, G. Garrard
ABSTRACT The common names of birds have always been changed to reflect societal trends in language usage. We suggest that guidelines should be developed for assessing the current acceptability of names associated with people from Australia’s past, particularly from colonial times.
{"title":"Why Australian common bird names should respond to societal change","authors":"S. Garnett, G. Maurer, G. Garrard","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2096074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2096074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The common names of birds have always been changed to reflect societal trends in language usage. We suggest that guidelines should be developed for assessing the current acceptability of names associated with people from Australia’s past, particularly from colonial times.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"40 1","pages":"150 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87233846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2072347
Kazuhiro Eguchi, Katsura Mikami, Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi, R. Noske
ABSTRACT The Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis is a group-living, cooperatively breeding species in which offspring of both sexes are equally philopatric, but only male helpers inherit the natal territory. We quantified helping efforts in a tropical population of the babbler, and tested the hypothesis that inter-sexual differences in helping efforts are related to the chance of inheriting their natal territory. We found that the total nest visiting rate during the nestling period and fledging success were higher among larger groups, but dominant birds (breeders) did not decrease their effort with group size. The total nest visiting rate during the nestling period increased with the number of female helpers, and fledging success was higher in groups with a female-biased sex ratio. In contradiction of the above hypothesis, female helpers contributed more towards nestling care than male helpers, although the latter contributed more towards nest building. There was no tendency for helpers to contribute more care towards nestlings of related breeders than those of unrelated breeders, suggesting that indirect (kin selection) benefits for helpers may be less important than direct benefits in explaining helping behaviour in this population. Our study suggests there may be sex-specific differences in the costs and benefits of helping behaviour.
{"title":"Inter-sexual differences in contributions of helpers in a tropical population of the cooperatively breeding Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis","authors":"Kazuhiro Eguchi, Katsura Mikami, Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi, R. Noske","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2072347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2072347","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis is a group-living, cooperatively breeding species in which offspring of both sexes are equally philopatric, but only male helpers inherit the natal territory. We quantified helping efforts in a tropical population of the babbler, and tested the hypothesis that inter-sexual differences in helping efforts are related to the chance of inheriting their natal territory. We found that the total nest visiting rate during the nestling period and fledging success were higher among larger groups, but dominant birds (breeders) did not decrease their effort with group size. The total nest visiting rate during the nestling period increased with the number of female helpers, and fledging success was higher in groups with a female-biased sex ratio. In contradiction of the above hypothesis, female helpers contributed more towards nestling care than male helpers, although the latter contributed more towards nest building. There was no tendency for helpers to contribute more care towards nestlings of related breeders than those of unrelated breeders, suggesting that indirect (kin selection) benefits for helpers may be less important than direct benefits in explaining helping behaviour in this population. Our study suggests there may be sex-specific differences in the costs and benefits of helping behaviour.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"126 1","pages":"77 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75817682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2092751
J. T. Draper, P. Deo, P. Weinstein, B. Simpson
ABSTRACT Food resources in arid habitats are important for the survival of native fauna, especially where resources provide water or key nutrients during dry periods. However, food resource plants can be susceptible to grazing species or may not be suitable for revegetating arid areas. Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala (P.m.microcephala) is an Australian dioecious shrub bearing bright fruit that are likely to attract birds. The plant is also noted for its production of simplexin, a compound toxic to mammals. The aims of our study were 1) to assess the nutrient and simplexin content of P.m.microcephala fruits, and 2) to confirm the identity of native avian species that consume the fruits. With both pieces of information, we could then determine the conservation utility of P.m.microcephala. Combining chemical analysis of fruit nutrients with field observations, we found that ripe fruits contain 60.5% water, 2.8% sugar, and potent antioxidants, which would likely be of nutritional benefit to consuming frugivores. The fruits also contain high levels of the toxin simplexin, which comprised 3.6% of ripe fruits by weight. We identified eight bird species interacting with P.m.microcephala, with at least five of these consuming ripe fruits. Our study demonstrates the potential for P.m.microcephala to contribute to revegetation and provide a food resource for arid zone birds, whilst being protected from grazing by the presence of simplexin. Further studies are needed to establish the species’ absolute significance in terms of fruits as a source of water and nutrients to arid zone bird diets.
{"title":"Not-so-forbidden fruit: the potential conservation role of toxic Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala fruits for native arid zone birds","authors":"J. T. Draper, P. Deo, P. Weinstein, B. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2092751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2092751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Food resources in arid habitats are important for the survival of native fauna, especially where resources provide water or key nutrients during dry periods. However, food resource plants can be susceptible to grazing species or may not be suitable for revegetating arid areas. Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala (P.m.microcephala) is an Australian dioecious shrub bearing bright fruit that are likely to attract birds. The plant is also noted for its production of simplexin, a compound toxic to mammals. The aims of our study were 1) to assess the nutrient and simplexin content of P.m.microcephala fruits, and 2) to confirm the identity of native avian species that consume the fruits. With both pieces of information, we could then determine the conservation utility of P.m.microcephala. Combining chemical analysis of fruit nutrients with field observations, we found that ripe fruits contain 60.5% water, 2.8% sugar, and potent antioxidants, which would likely be of nutritional benefit to consuming frugivores. The fruits also contain high levels of the toxin simplexin, which comprised 3.6% of ripe fruits by weight. We identified eight bird species interacting with P.m.microcephala, with at least five of these consuming ripe fruits. Our study demonstrates the potential for P.m.microcephala to contribute to revegetation and provide a food resource for arid zone birds, whilst being protected from grazing by the presence of simplexin. Further studies are needed to establish the species’ absolute significance in terms of fruits as a source of water and nutrients to arid zone bird diets.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"24 1","pages":"131 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76881280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2090962
P. Webster, Nick Leseberg, S. Murphy, L. Joseph, J. Watson
ABSTRACT The Buff-breasted Button-quail Turnix olivii is arguably the rarest, most threatened bird species in Australia. Despite many reports over the last four decades, the species has never been reliably photographed nor its vocalisations definitively recorded. No records in contemporary literature are supported irrefutably. Consequently, examining historical museum specimens of skins and eggs is critical to ascertain the species’ distribution and autecology, understand potential threatening processes, and ultimately determine the species’ conservation status. We review all known specimens of Buff-breasted Button-quail and contextual information where available. Current literature suggests the holotype was collected in 1899, while the last collected specimens (six skins, four clutches of eggs) were collected by William Rae McLennan near Coen in 1921 and 1922. We found a total of 15 specimens: seven skins and eight clutches of eggs. Two specimens collected by McLennan previously documented as ‘missing’ were located in the Natural History Museum, Tring. An additional four clutches of eggs not previously reported were located. Two represented verified specimens while the other two require further analysis to determine identity. All specimens were collected in the Cape York Peninsula bioregion. There are no specimens from the more southern Wet Tropics and Einasleigh Uplands bioregions, where the majority of contemporary observations have been made. As there have been no verified specimens collected for nearly a century, we argue that considerable concern and urgent action are warranted to improve the conservation outlook of this species. The species should be listed as critically endangered in both state and federal legislation.
{"title":"A review of specimens of Buff-breasted Button-quail Turnix olivii suggests serious concern for its conservation outlook","authors":"P. Webster, Nick Leseberg, S. Murphy, L. Joseph, J. Watson","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2090962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2090962","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Buff-breasted Button-quail Turnix olivii is arguably the rarest, most threatened bird species in Australia. Despite many reports over the last four decades, the species has never been reliably photographed nor its vocalisations definitively recorded. No records in contemporary literature are supported irrefutably. Consequently, examining historical museum specimens of skins and eggs is critical to ascertain the species’ distribution and autecology, understand potential threatening processes, and ultimately determine the species’ conservation status. We review all known specimens of Buff-breasted Button-quail and contextual information where available. Current literature suggests the holotype was collected in 1899, while the last collected specimens (six skins, four clutches of eggs) were collected by William Rae McLennan near Coen in 1921 and 1922. We found a total of 15 specimens: seven skins and eight clutches of eggs. Two specimens collected by McLennan previously documented as ‘missing’ were located in the Natural History Museum, Tring. An additional four clutches of eggs not previously reported were located. Two represented verified specimens while the other two require further analysis to determine identity. All specimens were collected in the Cape York Peninsula bioregion. There are no specimens from the more southern Wet Tropics and Einasleigh Uplands bioregions, where the majority of contemporary observations have been made. As there have been no verified specimens collected for nearly a century, we argue that considerable concern and urgent action are warranted to improve the conservation outlook of this species. The species should be listed as critically endangered in both state and federal legislation.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"6 1","pages":"121 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87746403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2063746
Skye Davis, Julia Ryeland, Shannon M. Smith, G. Hart, A. Stow
ABSTRACT Conserving evolutionary processes is becoming increasingly important in conservation management as environmental changes continue to threaten wild populations. Characterising genetically distinct populations and assessing connectivity across the landscape enables wildlife managers to prioritise conservation efforts with limited resources. In the NSW North Coast bioregion of Australia, one of the last remaining coastal populations of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) has been state-listed as an Endangered Population, owing to its geographic isolation and small census size. Using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, we examined the spatial genetic structure and diversity of Emus across south-eastern Australia. For the NSW North Coast population, we estimated the effective population size ( ) and carried out simulations to predict future levels of genetic variation. We show significant genetic divergence between the NSW North Coast Emu and other localities based on thousands of highly resolving nuclear markers. Among NSW North Coast Emus, we found less genetic diversity and a critically low-effective population size ( = 14.84 and 22.49 based on independent methods). Our simulations predict that the of the NSW North Coast Emu population is insufficient to maintain genetic diversity and the population may be at risk of inbreeding depression. Incorporating genetic data into the design of captive-release and translocation projects would refine management plans for this locally important population and monitor risks to its long-term survival.
{"title":"Divided by the range: evidence for geographic isolation of the highly mobile Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)","authors":"Skye Davis, Julia Ryeland, Shannon M. Smith, G. Hart, A. Stow","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2063746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2063746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conserving evolutionary processes is becoming increasingly important in conservation management as environmental changes continue to threaten wild populations. Characterising genetically distinct populations and assessing connectivity across the landscape enables wildlife managers to prioritise conservation efforts with limited resources. In the NSW North Coast bioregion of Australia, one of the last remaining coastal populations of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) has been state-listed as an Endangered Population, owing to its geographic isolation and small census size. Using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, we examined the spatial genetic structure and diversity of Emus across south-eastern Australia. For the NSW North Coast population, we estimated the effective population size ( ) and carried out simulations to predict future levels of genetic variation. We show significant genetic divergence between the NSW North Coast Emu and other localities based on thousands of highly resolving nuclear markers. Among NSW North Coast Emus, we found less genetic diversity and a critically low-effective population size ( = 14.84 and 22.49 based on independent methods). Our simulations predict that the of the NSW North Coast Emu population is insufficient to maintain genetic diversity and the population may be at risk of inbreeding depression. Incorporating genetic data into the design of captive-release and translocation projects would refine management plans for this locally important population and monitor risks to its long-term survival.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"4 1","pages":"87 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77204242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2078218
G. M. Rosa, L. D. Dos Anjos
ABSTRACT Underlying biological processes can often shape phenotypic variation. Although subtle, the variation in plumage colour of the Azure Jay (Cyanocorax caeruleus) has long been suggested to be of phylogeographic importance, but this hypothesis was not tested. This species’ distribution in the Atlantic Forest biome of south-eastern Brazil is divided into two ecologically distinct portions by the Serra do Mar mountain line. The availability of Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia) seeds is essential for the survival of Azure Jays in the western range but not in the eastern range. Here we quantify Azure Jay geographic variation using three datasets, including vocalisations, morphology and plumage colour. All available data independently supported the hypothesis of divergence between east and west. Azure Jays in the western range tend to have: (1) larger body dimensions, (2) vocalisations with lower pitch and entropy, and (3) a greenish-blue plumage, than those in the eastern range. Based on the available data on this species’ ecology, life history and sociality, we discuss how features from the western range could indicate specialisation in habitat use. We discuss potential links between our results and the past of the Atlantic Forest and the implications for this species conservation in a highly threatened habitat. Finally, we highlight the pressing need for demographic and molecular evidence to make data-oriented and effective decisions for this species conservation.
潜在的生物学过程往往可以塑造表型变异。虽然很微妙，但蓝鸦(Cyanocorax caeruleus)羽毛颜色的变化长期以来一直被认为具有系统地理学的重要性，但这一假设尚未得到验证。该物种在巴西东南部大西洋森林生物群系中的分布被Serra do Mar山线划分为两个生态截然不同的部分。巴拉那松(Araucaria angustifolia)种子的可用性对于西部山脉的蔚蓝鸦的生存至关重要，但在东部山脉则并非如此。在这里，我们使用三个数据集量化Azure Jay的地理变化，包括发声，形态和羽毛颜色。所有可用的资料都独立地支持东西方分化的假设。西部地区的天蓝鸦往往有:(1)更大的身体尺寸，(2)更低的音调和熵，(3)绿蓝色的羽毛，比东部地区的天蓝鸦要多。基于该物种的生态学、生活史和社会性的现有数据，我们讨论了西部范围的特征如何表明栖息地利用的专业化。我们讨论了我们的结果与大西洋森林过去之间的潜在联系，以及在高度受威胁的栖息地中对该物种保护的影响。最后，我们强调了迫切需要人口统计和分子证据，为该物种的保护提供数据导向和有效的决策。
{"title":"Out of the blue: geographic variation and divergence between Azure Jays (Cyanocorax caeruleus) from two ecologically distinct ranges","authors":"G. M. Rosa, L. D. Dos Anjos","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2078218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2078218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Underlying biological processes can often shape phenotypic variation. Although subtle, the variation in plumage colour of the Azure Jay (Cyanocorax caeruleus) has long been suggested to be of phylogeographic importance, but this hypothesis was not tested. This species’ distribution in the Atlantic Forest biome of south-eastern Brazil is divided into two ecologically distinct portions by the Serra do Mar mountain line. The availability of Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia) seeds is essential for the survival of Azure Jays in the western range but not in the eastern range. Here we quantify Azure Jay geographic variation using three datasets, including vocalisations, morphology and plumage colour. All available data independently supported the hypothesis of divergence between east and west. Azure Jays in the western range tend to have: (1) larger body dimensions, (2) vocalisations with lower pitch and entropy, and (3) a greenish-blue plumage, than those in the eastern range. Based on the available data on this species’ ecology, life history and sociality, we discuss how features from the western range could indicate specialisation in habitat use. We discuss potential links between our results and the past of the Atlantic Forest and the implications for this species conservation in a highly threatened habitat. Finally, we highlight the pressing need for demographic and molecular evidence to make data-oriented and effective decisions for this species conservation.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"30 1","pages":"100 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83113758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2022.2075395
J. Pedrana, Antonella Gorosábel, Laila D. Kazimierski, Klemenes Pütz, L. Bernad, K. Laneri
ABSTRACT The Ruddy-headed Goose (Chloephaga rubidiceps) has two separate populations: one sedentary, which resides in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and one migratory that overwinters mainly in the Pampas region (Argentina) and breeds in Southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). The migratory population has decreased considerably to less than 800 individuals and is categorised as Endangered in Argentina and Chile. Knowing the dates at which birds leave the wintering grounds might help to predict the arrival date at stopover sites and breeding areas. We aimed to examine the effect of meteorological conditions on the decision of Ruddy-headed Geese to start spring migration and their migration strategy. We used data from six adults, equipped with satellite transmitters, over 4 years (2015–2018), giving 12 individual departure dates. Weather conditions on departure dates were compared with that during the 15 preceding days. We tested the influence of weather conditions on the response variable measured as a comparison of pre-migration dates versus departure dates. Our results showed that Ruddy-headed Geese departure from their wintering grounds is in association with high wind speed, good visibility and low percentage of cloud cover. The relationship between meteorological conditions and the species decision to start spring migration is essential information for future management plans to prevent potential human-sheldgeese conflicts to escalate along their migration route. Recommendations for the conservation of this species that include implementing mitigation measures to reduce bird collision at human infrastructure, could be applied more specifically during the periods when birds are expected to arrive in each area.
{"title":"Weather conditions affect spring migration departure of Ruddy-headed Goose in the southern Pampas, Argentina","authors":"J. Pedrana, Antonella Gorosábel, Laila D. Kazimierski, Klemenes Pütz, L. Bernad, K. Laneri","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2075395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2075395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Ruddy-headed Goose (Chloephaga rubidiceps) has two separate populations: one sedentary, which resides in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and one migratory that overwinters mainly in the Pampas region (Argentina) and breeds in Southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). The migratory population has decreased considerably to less than 800 individuals and is categorised as Endangered in Argentina and Chile. Knowing the dates at which birds leave the wintering grounds might help to predict the arrival date at stopover sites and breeding areas. We aimed to examine the effect of meteorological conditions on the decision of Ruddy-headed Geese to start spring migration and their migration strategy. We used data from six adults, equipped with satellite transmitters, over 4 years (2015–2018), giving 12 individual departure dates. Weather conditions on departure dates were compared with that during the 15 preceding days. We tested the influence of weather conditions on the response variable measured as a comparison of pre-migration dates versus departure dates. Our results showed that Ruddy-headed Geese departure from their wintering grounds is in association with high wind speed, good visibility and low percentage of cloud cover. The relationship between meteorological conditions and the species decision to start spring migration is essential information for future management plans to prevent potential human-sheldgeese conflicts to escalate along their migration route. Recommendations for the conservation of this species that include implementing mitigation measures to reduce bird collision at human infrastructure, could be applied more specifically during the periods when birds are expected to arrive in each area.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"9 12 1","pages":"144 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78648934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：