Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine最新文献

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in humans. The accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, including extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, is considered a key pathological hallmark of AD. Currently, the primary approach for treating AD is pharmacological treatment, which is only symptomatic and unable to cure or reverse the progression of AD. Increasing evidence suggests that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) may attenuate the progression of AD and improve memory function. This article reviews the studies related to the application of RF-EMFs in the field of AD, including investigations at the cellular and molecular levels, in animal models, and in clinical applications. The therapeutic potential of RF-EMFs as an intervention for AD is discussed in the present review, along with current challenges and future research directions.

The present study investigates the impact of RF-EMF (900 and 1800 MHz) emissions from mobile phone base stations (MPBS) as well as from mobile phone usage on the hematological parameters and stress markers of exposed individuals. Members of MPBS highly exposed (N = 50) and a reference group (N = 51) were tested using a complete blood count and two stress markers, amylase and cortisol. Different effects were found for different blood parameters, based on various combinations of exposure type, demographics, and lifestyle behaviors. Subsequent stepwise regression analysis revealed that exposure from MPBS contributed significantly to TLC, while various combinations of gender, age and power density contributed significantly to differential and absolute basophil counts and absolute monocyte counts. MPBS exposures contributed to absolute monocytes similar to smoking. Furthermore, hours of daily mobile phone exposure together with age contributed significantly to absolute and differential basophil counts and absolute lymphocyte counts. Of concern, almost a quarter of those with high MPBS exposures had basophil counts above the clinical reference limits, while over half of those with heavy daily mobile phone use (4 to 6 hours) had lymphocyte counts above the limits, and most were under 30 years old. While smoking and age contributed to amylase levels, no exposure variables contributed to amylase or cortisol levels. Altogether, there is an indication that RF-EMF from mobile phones and MPBS together with age and gender can differentially impact leucocytes, indicating biological stress and potentially affecting health. These results suggest the necessity for increasing awareness regarding adverse effects of RF-EMF exposures.

The human body emits a bioelectromagnetic field primarily generated by the electrical activity of the heart, with additional contributions from the brain, muscles, and peripheral nerves. These endogenous fields are not isolated and can be modulated by external electromagnetic and magnetic influences. Current evidence suggests that the main mechanisms underlying such interactions include modulation of ion channels, radical pair dynamics, and ion cyclotron resonance. Several studies report sex-specific differences in responses to magnetic exposure. The main factors implicated in these differences include heart orientation and position, heart mass, tissue conductivity, hormonal modulation, autonomic balance, and cortical field organization. Beyond sex, consistent findings demonstrate that biological effects depend not only on field intensity and frequency but also on polarity (north/south), and direction (vector angle). These parameters are often overlooked or unreported in published works. Some observations even suggest a direct relationship between polarity and sex, with divergent physiological and behavioral outcomes. Recognizing these interactions is crucial to refining models of magnetoreception, resolving inconsistencies, and advancing therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields. This review integrates evidence from magnetobiology and sex-based physiology to propose that hormonal and structural dimorphism may modulate biological responses to magnetic field. Potential mechanisms involving ion-channel modulation, magnetite orientation, and radical-pair dynamics are outlined and experimental paradigms to test these interactions are proposed. Together, these insights establish a framework for studying sex-dependent magnetic sensitivity in living systems.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to a 30 mT static magnetic field (SMF) on hematological parameters, spleen and tibia cellularity in 36-month-old and young rats. A total of 27 rats were divided into four groups (Young, Young SMF, Old, Old SMF) and two groups were exposed to SMF for 10 weeks. After exposure period, blood counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, an index of systemic inflammation), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR, a platelet-based inflammatory marker) and cellularity of immune-related organs were analyzed. SMF exposure reduced lymphocyte counts and increased NLR in both age groups, while PLR increased only in young rats. In 36-month-old rats, SMF significantly reduced platelet counts, whereas this effect was not observed in young animals. SMF exposure also enhanced tibial and splenic cellularity in both groups but exerted opposite effects on the proportions of lymphocytes and erythrocytes depending on age. These findings suggest age-dependent immune modulation by SMF. In young animals, SMF likely promoted a proinflammatory shift, reflected by elevated NLR and PLR. In contrast, in 36-month-old rats, SMF may act as a nonspecific physiological stressor, potentially triggering the General Adaptation Syndrome (three-stage stress response), leading to corticosterone-mediated immunosuppression and cell redistribution. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating age-dependent differential modulation of NLR and PLR by subchronic SMF exposure, linking proinflammatory shifts in youth with stress-related immunosuppression in aging. Overall, age appears to be a critical factor in determining the biological responses to SMF, underscoring the need for age-specific evaluation of SMF exposure.

Purpose: Low-induction variable magnetic fields are widely used in various fields of medicine. However, it is worth raising the issue whether treatments using low-induction variable magnetic fields applied to patients can affect the condition of tattooed skin.

Methods: In the study, 24 volunteers were enrolled (12 men and 12 women) their age range was 30-60 years (average age: 43 years), they were assigned to two groups. The study group included people with a black ink (7 people) or colored (5 people) tattoo on the skin of the upper limb. The control group included 12 participants without tattoos. The participants were exposed to variable magnetic field with low magnetic induction value applied to the upper limb area, in form of magnetostimulation procedures performed once a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Using an original questionnaire, it was assessed whether the subjects experienced any disturbing symptoms related to the physical treatments during and after the treatments.

Results: After the magnetic stimulation, 2 patients from the study group (with a colored tattoo) indicated that during the procedures they felt a feeling of warmth and slight itching of the skin in the place of exposure to magnetic field. In the control group, no side effects of the procedures were noted. Dermatological evaluation did not reveal any pathological changes in the skin area exposed to magnetic field in any participant from both groups.

Conclusions: Treatments using low-induction variable magnetic fields in people with tattoos did not show any significant adverse effects on the skin in the tattoo area exposed to the magnetic field.

A Static Magnetic Field in the form of a permanent magnet was applied to participants in an investigational protocol to determine the toxicity and safety profile of the magnetic field in participants receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer. The magnet was placed 15 minutes prior to starting the antineoplastic chemotherapy and then remained in place for three levels following completion of the therapy for 0, 15, and 30 minutes. The data showed that overall, the presence of a static magnetic field could be applied safely to individuals receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer, and for participants in the Level 3 Group (magnet applied for 30 minutes), there was a statistically significant decrease in toxicity compared to matched controls. We were not able to determine if the static magnet field had an effect on survival. Our data suggests that applying a static magnetic field to individuals receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy for advanced cancer is safe and may, under certain parameters, decrease the toxicity of the therapy. Further studies should be conducted.

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, are extensively utilized across diverse patient populations. These devices are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), which may result in functional disturbances such as pacing inhibition, misinterpretation of extraneous signals as intrinsic cardiac activity, or inappropriate mode switching. Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets, known for their high magnetic flux density, are commonly employed in various industrial and consumer applications. This case report highlights a previously undocumented source of EMI-namely, the magnet embedded in lawn bowling equipment-and its potential to disrupt CIED functionality. The underlying mechanism of interference is examined, and recommendations for risk mitigation and patient safety are proposed.

This research paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI) framework to predict magnetized penta-nanoparticle-enhanced Jeffrey blood flow dynamics in a catheterized electrified arterial annulus. The work addresses critical gaps in modeling non-Newtonian blood rheology with multi-physics interactions. Employing Jeffrey's fluid model to encapsulate the non-Newtonian rheological properties of blood mixed with nanoparticles. This analysis combines diverse factors influencing heat sources, Joule heating, interfacial nanolayers, and porous media drag. The flow system is streamlined via lubrication theory and Debye-Hückel linearization and then solved using homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Visualization of indispensable flow metrics is conducted using tools in Mathematica and Matlab. Computational results indicate electro-osmotic forces significantly alter the streaming patterns of penta-hybrid nanoparticle-infused blood in catheterized arterial geometry. Blood temperature lowers in the catheterized regions for the expanded thickness of nanolayer, and the axial blood pressure gradient elevates with an upsurge in the electro-osmotic factor while wall shear stress (WSS) abates. Heat transfer coefficient (HTC) improves with thicker nanolayers. AI-driven artificial neural network (ANN) model achieves 97-100% accuracy in predicting WSS and HTC. The research findings highlight potential improvements in patient-specific treatment strategies and contribute to the broader field of biomedical engineering by enhancing the efficacy and precision of non-invasive therapies.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) has been increasingly used to treat neurological disorders in recent years. However, owing to the complicated configuration of DTMS coils, such as the H1 coil, the electric field induced by it in the personalized human brain is so varied and complex that its transcranial magnetic stimulation performances, especially focusing behavior and depth characteristics, have to be studied and evaluated further before clinical application. Therefore, besides the effects of the excitation frequency of the H1 coils, two types of magnetic shielding blocks (MSBs) with various dimensions were analyzed, and the H1 coil circuit structure with flexible length adjustment and its coil spacing were also investigated in this study. Finally, a machine learning model based on an optimizable tree algorithm was established to rapidly predict the induced electric field in the personalized human brain. Results demonstrated that the half-value depth D_1/2 of the electric field induced by the H1 coil could reach 3.67 cm, which was deeper than that by the figure-of-eight (FOE) coil (<1.6 cm), but its focusing (half-value) volume V_1/2 was 567.94 cm³, larger than that of the FOE coil. After introducing MSBs, reasonably adjusting the coil circuit length and the coil spacing, V_1/2 was reduced to 81.748 cm³, with a slight increase in D_1/2. The proposed machine learning model exhibited a good prediction performance (R² = 0.99, etc.) and only took about 0.014 s to finish predicting the induced electric field in the personalized human brain for rapidly evaluating the H1 coil performance in clinical practices.

Effect of millimeter range electromagnetic waves (MM EMW) with the frequency 51.8 GHz on the interaction of DNA-specific ligands-intercalators acridine orange (AO) and methylene blue (MB) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied. The measurements were implemented by the spectroscopic methods that open new opportunities for such goals. The methods of absorption, differential and fluorescence spectroscopies were applied. The obtained data permit revealing several peculiarities of MM EMW effect on the interaction of these ligands with BSA, as well as possible sites and modes for the binding. AO and MB were found out to bind to BSA by two modes, moreover, under the effect of MM EMW, one of these modes for MB disappears. The values of the quenching constant - K_SV were determined for the types that compose 4.7⋅10⁴ and 9.2⋅10⁴ L/mole for non-irradiated and 4.6⋅10⁴ and 11.0⋅10⁴ L/mole for irradiated complexes AO-BSA, respectively. For the non-irradiated complexes MB-BSA the values of K_SV were equal to 4.0⋅10⁴ and 0.87⋅10⁴ L/mole, respectively. Because of the irradiation, the first type of the binding disappears, while for the second type the value 0.43⋅10⁴ L/mole was obtained. It was also revealed that MM EMW invokes structural transformations in BSA molecule that touch those sites to which AO and MB bind. Moreover, for AO it results in an increase of preferable binding to this site; though, for MB, vice versa, it leads to the disappearance of stronger (specific) binding mode, while the electrostatic interaction appears for both non-irradiated and irradiated protein.