Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine最新文献

This study investigates radiofrequency ablation (RFA) parameters for varicose vein treatment using a three-dimensional mathematical model operating at 470 kHz. The model evaluates how power settings, temperature thresholds, blood flow velocity, and electrode spacing influence therapeutic efficacy and tissue safety. Findings demonstrate that higher power and temperature settings, combined with lower blood flow rates, enhance venous wall heating while minimizing extraluminal tissue damage. Stagnant blood flow optimizes thermal energy delivery, and adjusting electrode spacing reduces the required number of ablations. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation has a controlled electrode temperature for better temperature delivery. This study provides actionable guidance for clinicians to tailor RFA protocols that emphasize management and electrode configuration adjustments for safer and more efficient outcomes in varicose vein treatment.

Terahertz (THz) waves can overcome the side effects of traditional cancer treatment methods with their high absorption by water molecules and provide a new opportunity for the development of cancer treatment. In this study, the effect of a THz ablation system operating at 1.65 THz, recommended for use in cancer treatment, in the treatment of various cancers has been investigated. The proposed system includes three components to ensure high treatment achievement drive and electromagnetic compatibility. The first is a high-performance antenna that will generate radiation at 1.65 THz; the second is a rectangular waveguide that will direct the antenna radiation without loss; and the third is a compact pyramid-structure beam focusing apparatus that will increase focus. In silico studies were carried out for the treatment effects of the proposed system on breast, colon, and skin cancers. For terahertz ablation, treatment effects were examined using voxel data from eight people. Achievement drive parameters such as electric field, magnetic field, specific absorption rate, temperature, and tissue damage rate on healthy and diseased tissues were examined in detail. Our findings show that treatment temperature values have been reached with the THz ablation system depending on the exposure time and cancerous tissue location, and it has been determined that a high rate of tissue damage occurred. No unwanted secondary hotspots have been encountered during the treatment. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of the proposed THz wave ablation system on different cancers encourages further studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the system.

Members of the scientific community and the general public are raising concerns about the potential health and environmental effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for those living nearby mobile phone base stations (MPBS). This study examined the impact of RF-EMF (900-1900 MHz) on symptoms spanning four health categories: mood-energy, cognitive-sensory, inflammatory, and anatomical issues. A questionnaire identifying health symptoms within these categories, was given to 183 highly exposed and 126 reference residents, matched on demographics. While years of residing near the MPBS influenced the prevalence of some symptoms, proximity to the base station and higher levels of exposure (measured using power density) influenced the prevalence of many of the symptoms. A higher proportion of symptoms was found in residents who were either living within 50 meters of a MPBS or who were exposed to power densities of 5-8 mW/m², for all four health categories. This relationship between exposure level and symptom prevalence was further influenced by age, daily mobile phone use (over 5 h per day), and lifestyle factors, for certain symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that level of exposure (power density) was the only factor contributing to the number of symptoms experienced by residents, for all four health categories. An unexpected finding was that among the more highly exposed residents, the younger individuals (under 40 years) reported more inflammation related issues than older individuals. These results underscore the need to inform policymakers regarding the benefits of adopting a precautionary approach to potential risks associated with RF-EMF exposures from MPBS.

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential synergistic effects of agomelatine(AGM) and 2600 MHz radiofrequency(RF) field exposure on inflammation induced by chronic lipopolysaccharide(LPS) administration in rats. A total of 49 female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n = 7 per group): Control, Sham, LPS, LPS+AGM,LPS+RF,AGM+RF, and LPS+AGM+RF. Animals in the RF groups were exposed to a 2600 MHz field (1 h/day for 15 days). The whole-body averaged SAR was calculated to be 0.637 W/kg, while the localized SAR values were found to be 1.27 W/kg for 1 g and 0.91 W/kg for 10 g of brain tissue at a frequency of 2600 MHz. Chronic LPS administration(1 mg/kg/day for 15 days) successfully induced a systemic inflammatory state. The most significant finding was observed in plasma IL-6 levels. While AGM or RF exposure alone did not significantly alter IL-6 levels in LPS-treated animals, the combined treatment of LPS+AGM+RF resulted in a substantial and statistically significant decrease in plasma IL-6 compared to the sham group(p < 0.001). This represents a large-magnitude effect (Cohen's d = 1.59), suggesting a potent anti-inflammatory action of the combined therapy. In contrast, plasma IL-1β and TNF-α levels showed no statistically significant differences among any of the groups. In the hypothalamus, chronic LPS exposure was associated with a downregulation of MAP kinase signaling pathways (ERK, JNK), indicative of endotoxin tolerance, and with reduced NF-κB level. This study provides novel evidence that 2600 MHz RF, when combined with AGM, may exert a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, highlighting a potential therapeutic interaction that warrants further investigation.

This work investigates the electroosmotic peristaltic transport of a Casson (blood)-based hybrid nanofluid $\left(F{e}_2{O}_3-\mathrm{Cu}\right)$ via an asymmetric channel embedded inside a porous medium. The model takes into consideration electric and magnetic field effects, Ohmic heating, as well as velocity and thermal slip conditions. The governing equations are simplified and solved by employing unsupervised sigmoid-based neural networks (SNNs), Fibonacci-based neural networks (FNNs), and their hybrid model (FSNNs) under the assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted among SNNs, FNNs, and FSNNs to evaluate their performance. The results reveal that the FSNNs demonstrate superior accuracy and stability compared to the other models. The results show that the temperature rises with larger values of the Grashof number, Brinkman number, and heat source/sink parameter, while lowers with higher values of Casson parameter, porosity factor, and velocity slip parameter. The pressure gradient grows with increasing $\mathrm{Gr}$, $\varrho$, and $U_{\mathrm{hs}},$ but decreases as Hartmann number increases. This study sheds light on the design of efficient microfluidic, biomedical, and thermal management systems, emphasizing the role of electromagnetic modulation and hybrid nanofluids in improving performance and control.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) applied in the prenatal period on rat peripheral nerve morphology, nerve conduction velocity, and locomotor activity. Nine pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into three groups. No procedure was applied to the first group (control). The second (sham) group was placed inside an EMF cage for 1 h a day throughout the experiment (days 1-21 of pregnancy), but was not exposed to EMF. The third group (EMF) was placed inside the EMF cage for 1 h a day throughout the experiment (days 1-21 of pregnancy) and exposed to a 900 MHz EMF. No procedure was applied to the newborn pups until postnatal (PN) day 21, and new groups were constituted from among these. All the newly established groups were subjected to the open field and rotarod tests on PN days 21 and 60, after which electrophysiological measurements were performed on the groups in line with the study protocol. Sciatic nerves obtained from the animals sacrificed on PN day 60 were subjected to histopathological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses. In light of the study results, we concluded that prenatal application of a 900 MHz EMF adversely affects rat peripheral nerve development, and that these effects persist up to adulthood such as to be detectable in the sciatic nerve morphology, but that these morphological changes are not sufficiently severe to affect functional associated with the sciatic nerve.

The ever-expanding use of a large number of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, which outnumber the global population, emit electromagnetic radiation through mobile telephones, power stations, transmission lines, radar, microwave ovens, televisions, refrigerators, therapeutic and other electronic devices. Electromagnetic radiation has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). A large number of research results show that short-term and long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation can lead to anxiety, depression, decreased learning ability, memory loss, sleep rhythm disorders and other adverse effects. Sleep rhythm disorders affect many people worldwide and may be associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this review, we summarise key experiments related to the effects of electric field exposure on mood and rhythms in animal and cellular studies over the past decade, describe the effects of electromagnetic radiation on emotional behaviors and circadian rhythms in humans and mammals, and explore the relationship between electromagnetic radiation，mood and rhythms as well as its underlying mechanisms of action. Most animal studies suggest that electromagnetic radiation may affect the physiological organization and functioning of the brain, influence neurotransmitters and receptors, interfere with neuronal formation and structure, or alter associated endocrine hormones and free radicals, which may lead to the unfavorable development of psychiatric disorders and sleep rhythm disorders. This summary may provide researchers with better clues and ideas to develop therapeutic solutions with sleep disorders and depressive psychiatric disorders.

The use of mobile phones, one of the popular recent sources of radio-frequency fields (RFF), is increasing. It has been shown thatRFF exposure can increase free radical levels and oxidative stress.Obesity is an important risk factor for many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, and has been shown to increase oxidative stress. In this study, rats were exposed to 2100 MHz RFF(electric field 15 V/m) for 15 minutes daily and 4 hours daily for 3 weeks. It aims to investigate the effects of 2100 MHz RFF on brain tissue and plasma of normal and obese rats. The rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6):control, Sham1, Sham2, RFF1, RFF2, High Fat Diet (HFD), Sham+HFD, andHFD+RFF. The inflammatory and oxidative effects on brain tissue and plasma were analyzed using the GraphPad 9 macOS package program. WhenTOS levels in brain tissue were compared between Sham2 and RFF1 andall groups, a significant difference was found in the RFF2 group. TASlevel was significantly different in the HDF+RFF group compared to the control group, Sham and all groups. When pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters were evaluated in brain tissue, significant differences were found in different exposure groups. Inplasma, TOS levels were significantly different in the RFF2 groupcompared to Sham2 and RFF1, but TAS levels were not different.According to the data obtained, obesity may be protective against the oxidative and inflammatory effects of RFF.

High power microwaves (HPMs), characterized by frequencies spanning from 1 GHz to 300 GHz and peak power exceeding 100 MW, have numerous applications but also pose considerable health hazards. This review discusses the biological effects of HPMs on various human and animal cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Notably, HPMs can damage brain structures, particularly the hippocampus, causing oxidative stress and DNA damage, which in turn contribute to cognitive impairment. The immune system is subject to dual effects from HPMs, exhibiting both stimulatory and suppressive immune responses contingent on the specifics of exposure details. In the reproductive system, HPMs are observe to diminish male fertility by interfering with spermatogenesis and semen quality, although antioxidants may mitigate these effects. Furthermore, HPMs may exacerbate skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, and potentially accelerate the onset of skin cancer. With regard to cardiovascular health, these effects are usually transient, mainly affecting blood pressure and heart rate, but ultimately not impairing them. Furthermore, HPMs in agricultural production, sterilization and other beneficial effects have been found. This review provides valuable references for the investigation of the biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of HPM, as well as for the revision of related standards and guidelines.

In cardiovascular research, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) induced by Riga plates are applied to study and potentially manipulate blood flow dynamics, offering insights for therapies against arterial plaque deposition and for understanding varied blood flow behaviors. This research focuses on predicting the flow patterns of blood infused with gold and maghemite nanoparticles (gold-maghemite/blood) inside an EM microchannel under these electromagnetic influences and abruptly change in pressure gradient. The study models these flows by considering radiation heat emission and Darcy drag forces within porous media. Mathematical representation involves time-variant partial differential equations, resolved through Laplace transform (LT) to yield compact-form expressions for the model variables. The outcomes, including shear stress (SS) and rate of heat transfer (RHT) across the microchannel, are analyzed and displayed graphically, highlighting the effects of modified Hartmann number and electrode width on these parameters. Hybrid nano-blood (HNB) and nano-blood (NB) exhibit distinct thermal characteristics, with HNB transferring more heat within the blood flow. These study implements a cutting-edge AI-powered approach for high-fidelity evaluation of critical flow parameters, achieving unprecedented prediction accuracy. Validation results confirm the algorithm's excellence, with SS predictions reaching 99.552% (testing) and 97.019% (cross-validation) accuracy, while RHT predictions show 100% testing accuracy and 97.987% cross-validation reliability. This convergence of nanotechnology with advanced machine learning paves the way for transformative clinical applications that could redefine standards of care in surgical oncology, interventional cardiology, and therapeutic radiology. This model underpins potential applications such as controlled drug release and magnetic fluid hyperthermia, enhancing procedures like cardiopulmonary bypass, vascular surgery, and diagnostic imaging.