Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117636
Lei Zhao , Yongtao Tan , Yitong Sun , Haorui Liu , Nana Yang , Ning Mi
Zinc ion battery (ZIB) is becoming a research hotspot because of its high safety, low cost and environmental protection, and will become a promising new energy storage device. Vanadium-based compounds are widely investigated as positive materials because of their multivalency, rich crystal structure and high specific capacity. In this work, three vanadium-based compounds V2O5, V2O3 and VN samples are prepared by hydrothermal and solid-phase synthesis methods. The phase structure and purity of synthetic materials are demonstrated X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Morphology characterization shows that V2O5, V2O3 and VN samples have nanosheets, nanoflakes and nanoparticles structures, respectively. In addition, the electrochemical properties of V2O5, V2O3 and VN samples in ZIBs are systematically investigation. These three vanadium-based compounds all have great cycle stability and high-rate capabilities. This work provides guidance for the development of novel vanadium-based electrode materials and paves the way for the development of zinc ion storage.
{"title":"Vanadium-based compounds for aqueous zinc ion batteries with excellent rate capability and cyclic stability","authors":"Lei Zhao , Yongtao Tan , Yitong Sun , Haorui Liu , Nana Yang , Ning Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Zinc ion battery (ZIB) is becoming a research hotspot because of its high safety, low cost and environmental protection, and will become a promising new energy storage device. Vanadium-based compounds are widely investigated as positive materials because of their multivalency, rich crystal structure and high specific capacity. In this work, three vanadium-based compounds V</span><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and VN samples are prepared by hydrothermal and solid-phase synthesis methods. The phase structure and purity of synthetic materials are demonstrated X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Morphology characterization shows that V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span> and VN samples have nanosheets<span>, nanoflakes<span> and nanoparticles structures, respectively. In addition, the electrochemical properties of V</span></span></span><sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span> and VN samples in ZIBs are systematically investigation. These three vanadium-based compounds all have great cycle stability and high-rate capabilities. This work provides guidance for the development of novel vanadium-based electrode materials and paves the way for the development of zinc ion storage.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3396789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117646
Yu-Chun Hsiao , Arulmozhi Velusamy , Shakil N. Afraj , Jia-Hao Liu , Cheng-Liang Liu , Ming-Chou Chen , Hsien-Ming Kao , Shuehlin Yau
The adsorption of organic molecules on gold electrodes serves as a model to understand the organic/inorganic electrified interface, which is relevant to the study of molecular electronics and organic thin film semiconductors. Our previous study on terthiophene (TT) adsorption on an Au(1 1 1) electrode shows that immersing Au(1 1 1) crystals in a TT ethanol dosing solution installs an ordered TT adlayer on the sample. The current study addresses the adsorption of 3′,4′-bis(hexylthio)-2,2′:5′,2′'-terthiophene (DTDST), a molecule with a TT backbone attached with two thiolhexyl chains, on an ordered Au(1 1 1) electrode. High-quality STM images were obtained to reveal the internal and 2D spatial structures of DTDST admolecules. The potential greatly influenced the organization of DTDST on the ordered Au(1 1 1) electrode. Although the pristine DTDST adlayer was disordered, it transformed into ordered Au(1 1 1) - (3√3 × 9) and (5√3 × 26) structures after applying a potential more negative than 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M H2SO4 and HClO4, respectively. Shifting the potential more positive than 0.25 V resulted in coadsorption of bisulfate anions and restructuring of the DTDST adlayer. High-quality molecular resolution STM images were collected to reveal the azimuthal orientation of the DTDST admolecule on the Au(1 1 1) electrode. The thiolhexyl chains of DTDST admolecules could arrange in such a way that allowed intermolecular van der Waals interactions. Oxidation of adsorbed DTDST molecules to yield oligomers was also revealed by in situ STM.
{"title":"Potential and anion effects on the adsorption of 3′,4′-bis(hexylthio)-2,2′:5′,2′'-terthiophene on Au(1 1 1) electrode characterized by in situ STM","authors":"Yu-Chun Hsiao , Arulmozhi Velusamy , Shakil N. Afraj , Jia-Hao Liu , Cheng-Liang Liu , Ming-Chou Chen , Hsien-Ming Kao , Shuehlin Yau","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adsorption of organic molecules on gold electrodes serves as a model to understand the organic/inorganic electrified interface, which is relevant to the study of molecular electronics and organic thin film semiconductors. Our previous study on terthiophene (TT) adsorption on an Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) electrode shows that immersing Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) crystals in a TT ethanol dosing solution installs an ordered TT adlayer on the sample. The current study addresses the adsorption of 3′,4′-bis(hexylthio)-2,2′:5′,2′'-terthiophene (DTDST), a molecule with a TT backbone attached with two thiolhexyl chains, on an ordered Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) electrode. High-quality STM images were obtained to reveal the internal and 2D spatial structures of DTDST admolecules. The potential greatly influenced the organization of DTDST on the ordered Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) electrode. Although the pristine DTDST adlayer was disordered, it transformed into ordered Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) - (3√3 × 9) and (5√3 × 26) structures after applying a potential more negative than 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HClO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. Shifting the potential more positive than 0.25 V resulted in coadsorption of bisulfate anions and restructuring of the DTDST adlayer. High-quality molecular resolution STM images were collected to reveal the azimuthal orientation of the DTDST admolecule on the Au(1<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1) electrode. The thiolhexyl chains of DTDST admolecules could arrange in such a way that allowed intermolecular van der Waals interactions. Oxidation of adsorbed DTDST molecules to yield oligomers was also revealed by <em>in situ</em> STM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1702461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117761
Changsheng An , Xiaobo Ma , Jiajie Wu , Jianmei Li , Jinfeng Li , Shiying Zhang , Shumin Zhang , Chao Cai
Graphite and its derivatives, as cathode materials for aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs), have excellent cyclic properties, so they have garnered significant research interest over the years. Preliminary research has demonstrated that expanded graphite (EG) exhibits a dual aluminum storage mechanism, i.e., intercalation (1.5–2.5 V) and adsorption (0.5–2.5 V). In this study, for the adsorption mechanism, we propose positively charged EG as a cathode material for AIBs. Using electrostatic modification methods, we found that positive charge on the surface of EG can depress the surface barrier and lead to the adsorption of more anions through electrostatic forces during chemical reactions. Moreover, the improvement of adsorption capacity could play a synergistic coupling role to improve the intercalation kinetics of anions, in which has a high reversible capacity and excellent rate cycling property. Thus, positively charged EG with a large layer space (0.41 nm) demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 118.3 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, along with a conspicuous rate performance of 74.8 mAh/g at 15 A/g. Additionally, as-prepared EG hybrids indicate superb cyclic stability with a retained capacity of 101.8 mAh/g over 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g. The electrostatic modification strategy and expansion of the layer space could facilitate the development of high property graphite cathode materials for AIBs.
石墨及其衍生物作为铝离子电池的正极材料,具有优良的循环性能,近年来引起了广泛的研究兴趣。初步研究表明,膨胀石墨(EG)具有插层(1.5-2.5 V)和吸附(0.5-2.5 V)的双重储铝机制。在本研究中,我们提出了带正电荷的膨胀石墨作为AIBs的正极材料。利用静电改性方法,我们发现EG表面的正电荷可以在化学反应过程中通过静电力抑制表面势垒,从而吸附更多的阴离子。此外,提高吸附容量可以发挥协同耦合作用,提高阴离子的插层动力学,具有较高的可逆容量和优良的速率循环性能。因此,具有大层空间(0.41 nm)的正电荷EG在电流密度为1 a /g时具有118.3 mAh/g的高可逆容量,同时在15 a /g时具有74.8 mAh/g的显着速率性能。此外,制备的EG混合材料表现出极好的循环稳定性,在5 a /g下,在10,000次循环中保持101.8 mAh/g的容量。静电改性策略和层空间的扩大有利于高性能石墨阴极材料的发展。
{"title":"Electrostatic modification of expanded graphite cathode for high-performance aluminum-ion batteries","authors":"Changsheng An , Xiaobo Ma , Jiajie Wu , Jianmei Li , Jinfeng Li , Shiying Zhang , Shumin Zhang , Chao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphite and its derivatives, as cathode materials for aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs), have excellent cyclic properties, so they have garnered significant research interest over the years. Preliminary research has demonstrated that expanded graphite (EG) exhibits a dual aluminum storage mechanism, i.e., intercalation (1.5–2.5 V) and adsorption (0.5–2.5 V). In this study, for the adsorption mechanism, we propose positively charged EG as a cathode material for AIBs. Using electrostatic modification methods, we found that positive charge on the surface of EG can depress the surface barrier and lead to the adsorption of more anions through electrostatic forces during chemical reactions. Moreover, the improvement of adsorption capacity could play a synergistic coupling role to improve the intercalation kinetics of anions, in which has a high reversible capacity and excellent rate cycling property. Thus, positively charged EG with a large layer space (0.41 nm) demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 118.3 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, along with a conspicuous rate performance of 74.8 mAh/g at 15 A/g. Additionally, as-prepared EG hybrids indicate superb cyclic stability with a retained capacity of 101.8 mAh/g over 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g. The electrostatic modification strategy and expansion of the layer space could facilitate the development of high property graphite cathode materials for AIBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3212828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117637
L.A. Azpeitia , C.A. Gervasi , A.E. Bolzán
The electrodeposition process of tin films on copper electrodes in ethaline and reline deep eutectic solvents (DES) was studied in the 303 – 353 K range. Voltammetric data indicate the presence of underpotential and overpotential electrodeposition processes. While the former occurs under surface-reaction control, the latter proceeds under mass transport control. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows two capacitive contributions during the underpotential process and a single capacitive contribution at high frequencies and a Warburg contribution at low frequencies, when the electrodeposition process takes place in the overpotential region. Tin deposits obtained in ethaline exhibit blunt particles with ordered structures whereas in reline facetted particles with no preferential order are observed as electrodeposition time is increased. The electrocrystallization mechanism under overpotential conditions in ethaline and reline corresponds to an instantaneous nucleation and a 3D growth process. For underpotential conditions in ethaline, an instantaneous nucleation and 2D growth coupled to an adsorption process occurs. XRD spectra shows the formation of Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 intermetallics due to the diffusion of Sn atoms into the Cu lattice during the electrodeposition process. From rotating disk electrode measurements, the diffusion coefficient of Sn(II) ions in both DES at different temperatures, and the diffusion activation energy, were determined.
{"title":"Electrochemical formation of Sn films on copper by overpotential and underpotential electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"L.A. Azpeitia , C.A. Gervasi , A.E. Bolzán","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrodeposition process of tin films on copper electrodes in ethaline and reline deep eutectic solvents (DES) was studied in the 303 – 353 K range. Voltammetric data indicate the presence of underpotential and overpotential electrodeposition processes. While the former occurs under surface-reaction control, the latter proceeds under mass transport control. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows two capacitive contributions during the underpotential process and a single capacitive contribution at high frequencies and a Warburg contribution at low frequencies, when the electrodeposition process takes place in the overpotential region. Tin deposits obtained in ethaline exhibit blunt particles with ordered structures whereas in reline facetted particles with no preferential order are observed as electrodeposition time is increased. The electrocrystallization mechanism under overpotential conditions in ethaline and reline corresponds to an instantaneous nucleation and a 3D growth process. For underpotential conditions in ethaline, an instantaneous nucleation and 2D growth coupled to an adsorption process occurs. XRD spectra shows the formation of Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn and Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> intermetallics due to the diffusion of Sn atoms into the Cu lattice during the electrodeposition process. From rotating disk electrode measurements, the diffusion coefficient of Sn(II) ions in both DES at different temperatures, and the diffusion activation energy, were determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2635568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117667
Jin Song , Ghulam Abbas , Ashaq Ali , Yaohong Ma , Yiwei Li
In vitro diagnostics (IVD) is aimed at ensuring human welfare and life security. Electrochemical sensors have been utilized in different applications, such as environmental contaminant detection and food safety, especially in the field of IVD, due to their excellent properties such as high sensitivity, simple to use, and cost-effectiveness. However, reluctant reproducibility and accuracy are among the most insurmountable hindrances for electrochemical IVD sensors, especially bioaffinity-based ones essential in disease biomarker detection and infection prognoses. In recent years, inspired by the ratiometric strategy from fluorometry, electrochemically ratiometric biosensors have been increasingly developing. This review highlights recent advances in bioaffinity based electrochemically ratiometric sensors (BERS) for IVD applications. Their signal generation strategies and analysis applications, especially for potential applications in the real world, are introduced. Finally, we enlighted several thoughts and insights into the design and application of BERS in IVD and provided the challenges and perspectives in this domain.
{"title":"Electrochemical ratiometry: A new route towards bioaffinity-based in vitro diagnostics","authors":"Jin Song , Ghulam Abbas , Ashaq Ali , Yaohong Ma , Yiwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>In vitro</em><span><span> diagnostics (IVD) is aimed at ensuring human welfare and life security. Electrochemical sensors have been utilized in different applications, such as </span>environmental contaminant<span> detection and food safety, especially in the field of IVD, due to their excellent properties such as high sensitivity, simple to use, and cost-effectiveness. However, reluctant reproducibility and accuracy are among the most insurmountable hindrances for electrochemical IVD sensors, especially bioaffinity-based ones essential in disease biomarker detection and infection prognoses. In recent years, inspired by the ratiometric strategy from fluorometry, electrochemically ratiometric biosensors have been increasingly developing. This review highlights recent advances in bioaffinity based electrochemically ratiometric sensors (BERS) for IVD applications. Their signal generation strategies and analysis applications, especially for potential applications in the real world, are introduced. Finally, we enlighted several thoughts and insights into the design and application of BERS in IVD and provided the challenges and perspectives in this domain.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1624715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117672
Xu Chun Song , Yi Fan Zheng , Ling Wang
NiO/Fe2O3 modified glass carbon (GCE) electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of NiO nanoparticles on Fe2O3/GCE. The electrochemical characteristics of NiO/Fe2O3/GCE have been examined using cyclic voltammetry. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of NiO/Fe2O3/GCE modified electrode for nitrite oxidation may be related to the synergistic effect of NiO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which may not only modify the electronic structure of the composite materials but also favor the increase of active sites in NiO/Fe2O3 and help to adsorb more active materials. To detect nitrite, the NiO/Fe2O3/GCE modified electrode was employed as an electrochemical sensor. There is a strong linear correlation between concentration and peak current (R = 0.9993) in the 5–500 μM range, and a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N = 3) was established. NiO/Fe2O3 sensors have excellent selectivity and stability as well. The sensor performs well analytically in determining nitrite in tap water, indicating that it has the possibility for efficient application in nitrite detection. This simple, low-cost, stable and highly sensitive nitrite electrochemical sensor provides a promising method for the detection of nitrite in practical samples.
{"title":"A sensor based on NiO/Fe2O3 modified GCE electrode for the detection of nitrite","authors":"Xu Chun Song , Yi Fan Zheng , Ling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NiO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> modified glass carbon (GCE) electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of NiO nanoparticles on Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GCE. The electrochemical characteristics of NiO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GCE have been examined using cyclic voltammetry. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of NiO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GCE modified electrode for nitrite oxidation may be related to the synergistic effect of NiO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which may not only modify the electronic structure of the composite materials but also favor the increase of active sites in NiO/Fe2O3 and help to adsorb more active materials. To detect nitrite, the NiO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GCE modified electrode was employed as an electrochemical sensor. There is a strong linear correlation between concentration and peak current (R = 0.9993) in the 5–500 μM range, and a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N = 3) was established. NiO/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensors have excellent selectivity and stability as well. The sensor performs well analytically in determining nitrite in tap water, indicating that it has the possibility for efficient application in nitrite detection. This simple, low-cost, stable and highly sensitive nitrite electrochemical sensor provides a promising method for the detection of nitrite in practical samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1703291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117638
Alexander W. Black , Wenjian Zhang , Yasir J. Noori , Gillian Reid , Philip N. Bartlett
Temperature is an important variable in electrochemistry, increasing the operating temperature has the capacity to provide significant increases in mass transport and electron transfer rates. In the case of electrodeposition, it can also allow the deposition of crystalline material which would otherwise be amorphous when grown at lower temperatures. In this work we exploit a high boiling point, weakly coordinating solvent, o-dichlorobenzene, to electrodeposit the p-block semiconductors antimony and antimony telluride at temperatures up to 140 °C. The effect of the temperature on the morphology and crystallinity of the deposits is investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. An attempt is also made to rationalise the role of temperature in electrodeposition and its influence on the aforementioned properties.
{"title":"Temperature effects on the electrodeposition of semiconductors from a weakly coordinating solvent","authors":"Alexander W. Black , Wenjian Zhang , Yasir J. Noori , Gillian Reid , Philip N. Bartlett","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature is an important variable in electrochemistry, increasing the operating temperature has the capacity to provide significant increases in mass transport and electron transfer rates. In the case of electrodeposition, it can also allow the deposition of crystalline material which would otherwise be amorphous when grown at lower temperatures. In this work we exploit a high boiling point, weakly coordinating solvent, o-dichlorobenzene, to electrodeposit the p-block semiconductors antimony and antimony telluride at temperatures up to 140 °C. The effect of the temperature on the morphology and crystallinity of the deposits is investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. An attempt is also made to rationalise the role of temperature in electrodeposition and its influence on the aforementioned properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1764519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117643
Fan Yang , Yu Dai , Yu Zhang , Wei Wei , Shicheng Xu , Ronghuan He
A novel blended polymer membrane is prepared by a facile route for using as the diaphragm in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The polymers polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are first blended in a 1.2:1 mol ratio to give a PVP-PVC mixture, and the PVC in the mixture is then functionalized with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole (APIm). The functionalized polymers are impregnated into the porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to fabricate membranes. The obtained membranes possess superior affinity to sulfuric acid mainly due to acid-base interactions between APIm groups and sulfuric acid molecules. The presence of hydrophobic PTFE restricts the deterioration of mechanical strength of membranes by doped acids. Moreover, the prepared membranes exhibit high oxidation stability and low vanadium permeability. The VRFB assembled with the proposed diaphragm displays energy efficiency above 82 % at a current density range of 20 to 120 mA cm−2. The membrane-based VRFB demonstrates stable performance after over 50 charge–discharge cycles.
采用简便的方法制备了一种新型混合聚合物膜,用于钒氧化还原液流电池膜片。首先将聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)以1.2:1的摩尔比共混得到PVC -PVC混合物,然后用1-(3-氨基丙基)-咪唑(APIm)对混合物中的PVC进行功能化。将功能化聚合物浸渍在多孔聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中以制备膜。所制备的膜对硫酸具有良好的亲和力,主要是由于APIm基团与硫酸分子之间的酸碱相互作用。疏水性聚四氟乙烯的存在限制了掺杂酸对膜机械强度的恶化。此外,制备的膜具有高氧化稳定性和低钒渗透性。与所提出的隔膜组装在一起的VRFB在电流密度范围为20至120 mA cm - 2时显示出82%以上的能量效率。该膜基VRFB在50多次充放电循环后表现出稳定的性能。
{"title":"Imidazole and imidazolium functionalized poly(vinyl chloride) blended polymer membranes reinforced by PTFE for vanadium redox flow batteries","authors":"Fan Yang , Yu Dai , Yu Zhang , Wei Wei , Shicheng Xu , Ronghuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel blended polymer membrane is prepared by a facile route for using as the diaphragm in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The polymers polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are first blended in a 1.2:1 mol ratio to give a PVP-PVC mixture, and the PVC in the mixture is then functionalized with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole (APIm). The functionalized polymers are impregnated into the porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to fabricate membranes. The obtained membranes possess superior affinity to sulfuric acid mainly due to acid-base interactions between APIm groups and sulfuric acid molecules. The presence of hydrophobic PTFE restricts the deterioration of mechanical strength of membranes by doped acids. Moreover, the prepared membranes exhibit high oxidation stability and low vanadium permeability. The VRFB assembled with the proposed diaphragm displays energy efficiency above 82 % at a current density range of 20 to 120 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The membrane-based VRFB demonstrates stable performance after over 50 charge–discharge cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3206589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117628
Hsi-Chao Chen , Yu-Hung Yen , Yu-Xuan Zhuang , Tan-Fu Liu
Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) has good ion storage capacity and weak anodic electrochromism. Since the V2O5 and Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) films were used as the auxiliary and major color-changing layers, respectively, then they were combined with heat-cured gel (LiClO4 + PC) + PMMA electrolyte as an complementary all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD). Also, the V2O5 films were prepared at different oxygen flows and annealing temperatures. These results exhibited that oxygen flow of 4 sccm and annealing temperature of 400 °C can enable the optimal optical contrast (ΔT) to reach 38.7%@550 nm. The response time of the coloring(tc) and the bleaching(tb) were 5 and 4 s, respectively. Raman spectrum showed the stable phase of V5+ and specific element ratio of 2.52 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) had the red shift phenomenon. However, the performance of ITO/V2O5/gel-electrolyte/WO3/ITO device, the best working voltage was measured as ±2.5 V, the optical contrast was ΔT = 42% and the response time of tc and tb were 6.5 and 5.5 s, respectively. These results demonstrate that ECD has the advantages of fast response time and low voltage stable startup.
{"title":"Electrochromic performance and potential stability of sputtered V2O5 film for a complementary inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic device","authors":"Hsi-Chao Chen , Yu-Hung Yen , Yu-Xuan Zhuang , Tan-Fu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vanadium Pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) has good ion storage capacity and weak anodic electrochromism. Since the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and Tungsten Trioxide<!--> <!-->(WO<sub>3</sub>) films were used as the auxiliary and major color-changing layers, respectively, then they were combined with heat-cured gel (LiClO<sub>4</sub> + PC) + PMMA electrolyte as an complementary all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD). Also, the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films were prepared at different oxygen flows and annealing temperatures. These results exhibited that oxygen flow of 4 sccm and annealing temperature of 400 °C can enable the optimal optical contrast (ΔT) to reach 38.7%@550 nm. The response time of the coloring(tc) and the bleaching(tb) were 5 and 4 s, respectively. Raman spectrum showed the stable phase of V<sup>5+</sup> and specific element ratio of 2.52 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) had the red shift phenomenon. However, the performance of ITO/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/gel-electrolyte/WO<sub>3</sub>/ITO device, the best working voltage was measured as ±2.5 V, the optical contrast was ΔT = 42% and the response time of tc and tb were 6.5 and 5.5 s, respectively. These results demonstrate that ECD has the advantages of fast response time and low voltage stable startup.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1624705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117652
Wenzhe Luo , Longsheng Cao , Ming Hou , Zhiwei Ren , Feng Xie , Zhigang Shao
The anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) represents a promising avenue in clean energy equipment. However, its practical application is limited due to the high cost of Pt-based catalysts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cheap and efficient non-precious metal catalysts. Here in, we employed a simple one-step thermal strategy to synthesize N-doped porous carbon encapsulated Fe and Ni bimetal catalysts (FeNi-N-C-1-1-Ts, T = 900, 950, 1000, 1050 and 1100 ℃). Among these catalysts, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 exhibited the highest half-wave potential of 0.885 V, 5 mV higher than 20 wt% Pt/C (0.880 V). Furthermore, it demonstrated a dominant 4e- reduction pathway, exceptional durability and high resistance to methanol. These excellent performances were attributed to the synergistic effect of FeNi bimetallicaction, increased graphitic content, higher Fe/Ni-N4 content, larger BET surface area and the presence of mesoporous structures. Moreover, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 exhibited higher half-wave potential than Ni-N-C-1000 and Fe-N-C-1000 owing to the smaller particle size and larger BET surface area of FeNi-N-C after the doping of Ni into Fe-N-C. Finally, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 was employed as the cathode in the AEMFC with a loading of 2.0 mg·cm−2, resulting in the highest peak power density of 545 mW·cm−2, surpassing that of 20 wt% Pt/C (375 mW·cm−2) by 170 mW·cm−2.
阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFC)在清洁能源设备中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,由于pt基催化剂的高成本,其实际应用受到限制。因此,开发廉价高效的非贵金属催化剂是十分必要的。本文采用简单的一步热策略合成了n掺杂多孔碳包封的Fe和Ni双金属催化剂(FeNi-N-C-1-1-Ts, T = 900、950、1000、1050和1100℃)。在这些催化剂中,FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000的半波电位最高,为0.885 V,比20 wt% Pt/C (0.880 V)高5 mV,并且表现出优势的4e-还原途径,优异的耐久性和高的甲醇抗性。这些优异的性能归因于FeNi双金属作用的协同作用、石墨含量的增加、Fe/Ni-N4含量的增加、BET表面积的增大以及介孔结构的存在。Fe-N-C中掺入Ni后,FeNi-N-C的粒径更小,BET表面积更大,因此FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000的半波电位高于Ni- n - c -1000和Fe-N-C-1000。最后,以FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000为负极,负载为2.0 mg·cm−2,峰值功率密度达到545 mW·cm−2,比20% Pt/C (375 mW·cm−2)的峰值功率密度高出170 mW·cm−2。
{"title":"N-doped porous carbon encapsulated Fe and Ni bimetal derived from MOFs as efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"Wenzhe Luo , Longsheng Cao , Ming Hou , Zhiwei Ren , Feng Xie , Zhigang Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) represents a promising avenue in clean energy equipment. However, its practical application is limited due to the high cost of Pt-based catalysts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cheap and efficient non-precious metal catalysts. Here in, we employed a simple one-step thermal strategy to synthesize <em>N</em>-doped porous carbon encapsulated Fe and Ni bimetal catalysts (FeNi-N-C-1-1-Ts, T = 900, 950, 1000, 1050 and 1100 ℃). Among these catalysts, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 exhibited the highest half-wave potential of 0.885 V, 5 mV higher than 20 wt% Pt/C (0.880 V). Furthermore, it demonstrated a dominant 4e<sup>-</sup> reduction pathway, exceptional durability and high resistance to methanol. These excellent performances were attributed to the synergistic effect of FeNi bimetallicaction, increased graphitic content, higher Fe/Ni-N<sub>4</sub> content, larger BET surface area and the presence of mesoporous structures. Moreover, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 exhibited higher half-wave potential than Ni-N-C-1000 and Fe-N-C-1000 owing to the smaller particle size and larger BET surface area of FeNi-N-C after the doping of Ni into Fe-N-C. Finally, FeNi-N-C-1-1-1000 was employed as the cathode in the AEMFC with a loading of 2.0 mg·cm<sup>−2</sup>, resulting in the highest peak power density of 545 mW·cm<sup>−2</sup>, surpassing that of 20 wt% Pt/C (375 mW·cm<sup>−2</sup>) by 170 mW·cm<sup>−2</sup>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3082224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}