Electric Power Systems Research最新文献_第7页

Real-time performance evaluation and enhancement of industrial-grade overcurrent relay for feeder protection in inverter interfaced distribution network 变频器接口配电网馈线保护用工业级过流继电器的实时性能评价与改进

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112760

Arjita Pal , Rakesh Shamrao Patekar , Rabindra Mohanty , Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a commercially available overcurrent relay (OCR) in a distribution system with inverter-interfaced source. A practical situation of an inverter operating at unity power factor is considered for the study. The inverter is interfaced with the distribution grid through a delta (Δ)-star-grounded (Yg) transformer. The available OCR operations for different fault types, including ground and phase faults are analyzed. In such a system, it is found that the ground fault protection is not a challenge, which can be easily detected without a change in the settings of OCR. However, phase fault detection is a problem using OCR with existing settings. A method is proposed to detect phase faults using negative-sequence superimposed current. Different fault types are also classified using current phasors from the inverter side measurement. A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) test bed is developed with Typhoon HIL and Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) to verify the performance of the OCR during ground faults and to validate the proposed algorithms for phase faults in a modified CIGRE low voltage distribution network.

本文介绍了一种市售过流继电器（OCR）在逆变器接口电源配电系统中的性能评价。考虑了逆变器在单位功率因数下工作的实际情况。逆变器通过三角（Δ）星接地（Yg）变压器与配电网连接。分析了不同故障类型（包括接地故障和相故障）可用的OCR操作。在该系统中，发现接地故障保护不是一个挑战，在不改变OCR设置的情况下可以很容易地检测到。然而，在现有设置下使用OCR进行相位故障检测是一个问题。提出了一种利用负序叠加电流检测相故障的方法。根据逆变器侧测量的电流相量对不同的故障类型进行分类。利用台风HIL和实时数字模拟器（RTDS）搭建了电力半在环（PHIL）试验台，在改进的CIGRE低压配电网中验证了OCR在接地故障时的性能，并验证了所提出的相位故障处理算法。

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引用次数: 0

Day-ahead coordinated operation strategy for a price-maker virtual power plant with multiple prosumers 具有多个生产用户的定价虚拟电厂日前协调运行策略

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112777

Wei Wang , Shunfu Lin , Bo Zhou , Liang Qian , Yunwei Shen , S.M. Muyeen

With the advancement of electricity market reforms and the rapid development of distributed energy resources, virtual power plants (VPPs) and prosumers have emerged as new market participants. However, individual prosumers may fail to meet market entry thresholds and lack market competitiveness due to scale constraints. This paper proposes a coordinated operation strategy for a price-maker VPP aggregating multiple prosumers to participate in day-ahead energy and ancillary services markets, aiming to improve VPP profitability and reduce prosumers’ operational costs. First, a market clearing model based on price quota curves is established. Then, a mixed game framework is constructed to characterize the complex interest interactions between the VPP and prosumers. Furthermore, risk-averse and opportunity-seeking decision models are developed based on the information gap decision theory to address price uncertainties. Finally, a hybrid solution method is employed to solve the model while protecting prosumers' commercial privacy. Simulation results demonstrate that the VPP aggregating prosumers for market participation reduces total operational costs by 14.4 %, with the mixed game framework providing an additional 1.9 % reduction. Moreover, the risk-averse and opportunity-seeking decision models can accommodate different risk preferences of the VPP.

随着电力市场改革的推进和分布式能源的快速发展，虚拟电厂和产消者成为新的市场参与者。然而，由于规模的限制，个体生产消费者可能无法达到市场准入门槛，缺乏市场竞争力。为了提高VPP的盈利能力，降低生产消费者的运营成本，本文提出了一种聚集多个生产消费者参与日前能源和辅助服务市场的限价VPP协同运营策略。首先，建立了基于价格配额曲线的市场出清模型。然后，构建了一个混合博弈框架来表征VPP与产消者之间复杂的利益互动。在此基础上，基于信息缺口决策理论建立了风险规避和机会寻求决策模型。最后，在保护产消商商业隐私的前提下，采用混合求解方法对模型进行求解。仿真结果表明，VPP将产消者聚集在一起参与市场，使总运营成本降低了14.4%，混合博弈框架又使总运营成本降低了1.9%。风险厌恶和机会寻求决策模型能够适应VPP不同的风险偏好。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal ancillary frequency service with net-zero energy goal for microgrids 基于净零能耗目标的微电网最优辅助频率服务

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112750

Dimitra G. Kyriakou , Fotios D. Kanellos , George J. Tsekouras

Maintaining frequency stability is a critical challenge in microgrid operation, particularly under high renewable energy penetration and fluctuating demand conditions. Frequency deviations arise from imbalances between production and demand and are exacerbated by the variability of renewable generation. In this context, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and building prosumers play a pivotal role in supporting frequency through fast and sophisticated control mechanisms. In this paper, novel control strategies are developed to achieve optimal frequency regulation by microgrids. The proposed approach defines and utilizes flexibility indices for all associated microgrid components. Through the effective coordination of building prosumers and PEVs’ flexibility, this work enhances and optimizes frequency support through dynamic adjustment of energy consumption and storage. Additionally, the environmentally aware regulation of local, building-integrated generators further contributes to sustainable frequency stabilization. The proposed method aims to ensure computational efficiency by leveraging advanced, smart and real-time power dispatch techniques. The performance and applicability of the method are validated through simulations of a realistic, complex microgrid, demonstrating its efficiency in addressing frequency regulation challenges.

保持频率稳定性是微电网运行的一个关键挑战，特别是在可再生能源渗透率高和需求波动的情况下。频率偏差源于生产和需求之间的不平衡，并因可再生能源发电的可变性而加剧。在这种情况下，插电式电动汽车（pev）和建筑产消消费者通过快速复杂的控制机制在支持频率方面发挥着关键作用。本文提出了一种新的控制策略来实现微电网的最优频率调节。该方法定义并利用了所有相关微电网组件的灵活性指标。本工作通过建筑产消者和电动汽车灵活性的有效协调，通过动态调整能耗和储能来增强和优化频率支持。此外，当地的环保意识调节，建筑集成发电机进一步有助于可持续的频率稳定。该方法旨在通过利用先进、智能和实时的电力调度技术来保证计算效率。通过对一个现实的、复杂的微电网的仿真，验证了该方法的性能和适用性，证明了其在解决频率调节挑战方面的效率。

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引用次数: 0

A review of HVDC-based transmission congestion alleviation strategies for modern power systems 基于高压直流的现代电力系统输电拥塞缓解策略综述

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112748

Yang Zhou , Yifeng Liu , Sunhua Huang , Chenyang Guo , Yijia Cao , Yong Li

The rapid integration of large-scale renewable energy sources causes significant variability and uncertainty into modern power systems. Extreme fluctuations and randomness in wind and solar outputs, including sudden wind ramp-downs or rapid solar irradiance drops, can cause severe power imbalances, line overloads, and insufficient reserve responses, thereby threatening grid security. Conventional congestion management methods, including generation redispatch and network topology reconfiguration, often fail to adapt to fast-changing and uncertain conditions due to computational complexity and limited responsiveness. In this context, high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems enable decoupled and bi-directional power flow control, rapid response, and precise regulation of interregional exchanges, outperforming other control devices in long-distance, large-capacity power transmission and congestion alleviation. This comprehensive review systematically analyses mainstream transmission congestion mitigation strategies across multiple dimensions, including key frameworks, general techniques and HVDC-based strategies for transmission congestion alleviation, highlighting the pivotal role of HVDC technologies. Furthermore, it synthesizes insights on power flow security and proposes future research directions to leverage HVDC coordination with complementary technologies. Finally, key challenges and promising research directions are identified to advance the security and reliability of future power grids.

大规模可再生能源的快速整合给现代电力系统带来了显著的可变性和不确定性。风能和太阳能输出的极端波动和随机性，包括风力突然下降或太阳辐照度迅速下降，可能导致严重的电力不平衡、线路过载和备用响应不足，从而威胁电网安全。传统的拥塞管理方法，包括代重调度和网络拓扑重构，由于计算复杂性和有限的响应能力，往往不能适应快速变化和不确定的条件。在此背景下，高压直流（HVDC）输电系统具有解耦、双向的潮流控制、快速响应和区域间交流的精确调节等特点，在远距离、大容量输电和缓解拥堵方面优于其他控制设备。本文从多个维度系统分析了主流的输电拥塞缓解策略，包括关键框架、一般技术和基于HVDC的输电拥塞缓解策略，突出了HVDC技术的关键作用。此外，本文还综合了对潮流安全的见解，并提出了利用高压直流协调与互补技术的未来研究方向。最后，对未来电网的安全性和可靠性提出了关键挑战和有前景的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of DC bias of step-up transformer on compensation performance of railway power conditioner 升压变压器直流偏置对铁路电力调节器补偿性能的影响

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112762

Youhua Jiang, Mengxuan Ge

The railway static power conditioner (RPC) is typically connected to the traction power grid through step-up transformers. However, the DC component in the RPC output voltage introduces a DC bias in these transformers, degrading the RPC’s compensation performance. This paper investigates the mechanism of DC bias generation, the transformer current characteristics, and their coupling with the RPC. Through the analysis of the RPC topology, compensation principle, and equivalent circuit, the formation of DC bias is clarified. When DC bias causes core saturation, the transformer excitation current exhibits a sharp peak waveform, preventing the secondary current from effectively restoring the primary current. The study further examines the operational behavior of the step-up transformer and RPC under non-ideal conditions, revealing that the DC bias significantly affects the transformer’s no-load current ratio and, consequently, the RPC’s compensation capability. Moreover, the boundaries and constraints of DC bias for the step-up transformer are established. Results show that maintaining the RPC output current within 0.3 % of the transformer’s rated current ensures operation within the permissible DC bias region, where the excitation current remains nearly symmetrical and current recovery is achieved. Experimental results validate the proposed mechanism and theoretical analysis.

铁路静电力调压器通常通过升压变压器与牵引电网连接。然而，RPC输出电压中的直流分量在这些变压器中引入了直流偏置，降低了RPC的补偿性能。本文研究了直流偏置产生的机理、变压器电流特性及其与RPC的耦合。通过对RPC拓扑结构、补偿原理和等效电路的分析，阐明了直流偏置的形成。当直流偏置导致铁心饱和时，变压器励磁电流呈现出尖锐的峰值波形，阻止二次电流有效地恢复一次电流。该研究进一步考察了升压变压器和RPC在非理想条件下的运行行为，揭示了直流偏置显著影响变压器的空载电流比，从而影响RPC的补偿能力。建立了升压变压器直流偏置的边界和约束条件。结果表明，将RPC输出电流保持在变压器额定电流的0.3%以内，可以确保在允许的直流偏置区域内运行，在该区域内，励磁电流保持几乎对称，并且实现了电流恢复。实验结果验证了所提出的机理和理论分析。

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引用次数: 0

Sparse mixture of experts enhanced transformer architecture for short-term hydroelectric reservoir volume prediction 稀疏混合专家改进了短期水电库容预测的变压器结构

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112754

Laio Oriel Seman , Kin-Choong Yow , Stefano Frizzo Stefenon

In hydroelectric-based systems, effective energy generation planning relies heavily on precise forecasting of reservoir water levels. This paper proposes a novel hybrid forecasting framework that integrates multiple preprocessing strategies with a sparse Mixture of Experts enhanced Transformer architecture for short-term reservoir volume prediction. When evaluated on 19 interconnected reservoirs across two major river basins in southern Brazil using real operational data from the Brazilian National System Operator, the proposed model achieves a mean squared error of 0.062 and a mean absolute error of 0.145. Comprehensive benchmarking against 18 state-of-the-art deep learning methods demonstrates that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing methods while maintaining computational efficiency through sparse expert routing. Our results confirm that combining diverse preprocessing strategies with conditional computation mechanisms provides superior forecasting accuracy for reservoir management in hydroelectric power systems.

在以水力发电为基础的系统中，有效的发电规划在很大程度上依赖于对水库水位的精确预测。本文提出了一种新的混合预测框架，该框架将多种预处理策略与稀疏混合专家增强变压器结构相结合，用于短期储层体积预测。当使用巴西国家系统运营商的实际操作数据对巴西南部两个主要河流流域的19个相互连接的水库进行评估时，所提出的模型的均方误差为0.062，平均绝对误差为0.145。对18种最先进的深度学习方法的综合基准测试表明，该方法在通过稀疏专家路由保持计算效率的同时，显著优于现有方法。研究结果表明，将多种预处理策略与条件计算机制相结合，可以提高水电系统水库管理的预测精度。

引用次数: 0

Wavelet transform-based adaptive single-pole auto-reclosing approach for power transmission lines considering shunt reactors 考虑并联电抗器的输电线路小波变换自适应单极自合闸方法

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112758

Ahmed R. Adly , Mohamed A. Tolba , Mahmoud M. Elgamasy , Omar F. Fadl , Mahmoud A. Elsadd

Identifying the fault types is an essential mission of the transmission line protective scheme. This paper introduces an innovative wavelet-based adaptive reclosing technique for transmission systems equipped with shunt reactors. This approach helps prevent costly blackouts and ensures the reliability of the electrical grid. Significantly, even and odd harmonic components in the voltage signal become prominent after breaker operation, during the secondary arc, and following arc extinction in transient fault conditions. To address these challenges, the proposed method utilizes the wavelet packet transform (WPT) with a recursive and short-windowing approach to effectively extract harmonic components of various orders. Two distinct energy coefficient indices are developed to distinguish between transient and permanent faults and to determine the arc extinction instant. Different configurations of the power system are utilized to examine the proposed protective scheme. Software ATP-EMTP (Simulation experiments) verified the feasibility of the presented scheme. To verify the capability and accuracy of presented scheme, it is examined by many fault scenarios such as different fault location, different arc models, different compensation levels, power swing situation, varying source impedances, varying operating voltage, varying operating frequency and noise effect. In addition, the validity of the presented scheme is compared with other protection directional schemes.

故障类型识别是输电线路保护方案的一项重要任务。介绍了一种新颖的基于小波的输电系统自适应重合闸技术。这种方法有助于防止代价高昂的停电，并确保电网的可靠性。值得注意的是，在断路器运行后，在二次电弧期间，以及在瞬态故障条件下电弧熄灭后，电压信号中的偶、奇谐波分量变得突出。为了解决这些问题，该方法利用小波包变换（WPT）的递归短窗方法有效地提取了不同阶次的谐波分量。提出了两种不同的能量系数指标来区分暂态故障和永久故障，并确定消弧瞬间。利用不同的电力系统配置来检验所提出的保护方案。软件ATP-EMTP（仿真实验）验证了该方案的可行性。为了验证所提方案的能力和准确性，在不同的故障位置、不同的电弧模型、不同的补偿水平、功率摆幅情况、不同的源阻抗、不同的工作电压、不同的工作频率和噪声影响等多种故障场景下进行了测试。此外，还与其他保护定向方案进行了有效性比较。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-short-term wind power forecasting based on multi-scale dual-domain fusion 基于多尺度双域融合的超短期风电预测

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112768

Zijie Wei, Yuxing Mao, Hengyu Yan, Ruidi Yang

Ultra-short-term wind power forecasting is crucial for grid stability amid rising wind energy penetration. Wind power generation data inherently exhibits interactive characteristics in both the temporal domain (time-series evolution) and spatial domain (inter-sensor correlations). Existing methods often overlook this complex spatiotemporal interaction, resulting in limitations in prediction accuracy. We propose a Multi-Scale Dual-Domain Fusion Network (MDFNet) with three components: (1) a multiscale causal module with parallel convolutions to capture short-term and long-term trends without future leakage; (2) a sensor graph via MIC to model spatial dependencies with graph attention networks; and (3) a dual-domain fusion module using FFT to extract key frequency bands for adaptive fusion. A novel loss function is proposed, which innovatively integrates point-wise errors and trend errors to optimize the training process. Compared to the top baseline, our method cuts prediction root mean square error (RMSE) by 6.08%, 3.46%, and 6.41% and mean square error (MSE) by 11.78%, 6.80%, and 12.49% across three multi-scale tasks. These results show MDFNet outperforms existing methods in spatiotemporal feature decoupling and fusion, offering insights for enhancing safety and efficiency in high-penetration wind systems.

在风电渗透率不断提高的情况下，超短期风电预测对电网稳定至关重要。风力发电数据在时间域（时间序列演化）和空间域（传感器间相关性）上固有地表现出交互特征。现有方法往往忽略了这种复杂的时空相互作用，导致预测精度受到限制。我们提出了一个由三个部分组成的多尺度双域融合网络（MDFNet）：(1)一个具有并行卷积的多尺度因果模块，用于捕获短期和长期趋势而不会泄漏；(2)通过MIC构建传感器图，利用图注意网络对空间依赖性进行建模；(3)利用FFT提取关键频段进行自适应融合的双域融合模块。提出了一种新的损失函数，该函数创新性地集成了点误差和趋势误差，以优化训练过程。与顶部基线相比，我们的方法在三个多尺度任务中将预测均方根误差（RMSE）降低了6.08%，3.46%和6.41%，均方误差（MSE）降低了11.78%，6.80%和12.49%。这些结果表明，MDFNet在时空特征解耦和融合方面优于现有方法，为提高高穿透风系统的安全性和效率提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

A PV prediction model based on mechanistic data-driven feature generation with temporal cross-scale alignment mechanism 基于时间跨尺度对齐机制的机械数据驱动特征生成PV预测模型

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112755

Keqi Wang , Junye Zhu , Yangshu Lin , Chao Yang , Zhongwei Zhang , Zhongyang Zhao , Can Zhou , Lijie Wang , Chenghang Zheng

During photovoltaic (PV) power generation, the stochastic fluctuation of solar energy poses significant challenges for grid-connected systems, making accurate PV power forecasting essential for maintaining grid reliability and stability. This study proposes a PV power forecasting model that integrates mechanistic data-driven feature generation with a temporal cross-scale alignment mechanism (TCSAM). Two key features—effective irradiance and module temperature—highly correlated with power output, are derived through irradiance calculations on the tilted PV surface and heat transfer mechanisms. Various network modules extract features at different scales, capturing both slow time-varying and time-series characteristics. The model utilizes changes in features across both long-term and short-term time scales to assess their relationship with future meteorological features, identifying critical factors that significantly influence upcoming power generation. This approach enables the model to effectively detect underlying patterns and connections between past information and future outcomes. On four seasonal test sets, the model reduces RMSE by 20 %-30 % and increases R² by 2 %-3 % compared to the best baseline, highlighting its superior performance. This study offers innovative insights to enhance the accuracy and robustness of PV power forecasting, contributing to the stable operation of power grids.

在光伏发电过程中，太阳能的随机波动给并网系统带来了巨大的挑战，准确的光伏发电功率预测对于维持电网的可靠性和稳定性至关重要。本文提出了一种集成了机械数据驱动特征生成和时间跨尺度对齐机制（TCSAM）的光伏发电功率预测模型。两个关键特征-有效辐照度和组件温度-与功率输出高度相关，是通过对倾斜PV表面的辐照度计算和传热机制得出的。不同的网络模块提取不同尺度的特征，捕获慢时变特征和时间序列特征。该模型利用长期和短期时间尺度上的特征变化来评估它们与未来气象特征的关系，确定对即将到来的发电产生重大影响的关键因素。这种方法使模型能够有效地检测过去信息和未来结果之间的潜在模式和联系。在四个季节测试集上，与最佳基线相比，该模型的RMSE降低了20% - 30%，R²增加了2% - 3%，突出了其优越的性能。本研究为提高光伏发电功率预测的准确性和鲁棒性提供了创新的见解，有助于电网的稳定运行。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal stochastic placement of wind turbines and soft open points in distribution networks 配电网中风力发电机和软开口处的最优随机布局

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Electric Power Systems Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112756

Mahzan Dalawir , Maher Azzouz , Ahmed Azab

This study optimizes the allocation of wind turbine-based distributed generators (WDGs) using Soft Open Points (SOPs). SOPs are advanced electronic devices that regulate active and reactive power flow within distribution networks, significantly enhancing their efficiency and flexibility. A stochastic multi-modal approach is employed to model wind speed utilizing the mixture of gamma (MG) probability distribution function (PDF), enabling accurate modeling of wind power output. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and solved using a mathematical programming approach. A single profit objective function is employed, incorporating all criteria enumerated in terms of their monetary values. An independent aggregate congestion metric has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the allocated SOPs. The proposed method is validated through analysis, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the overall performance of distribution networks. The approach is tested on a typical distribution system, with results evaluated from a planning perspective.

本研究利用软开放点（SOPs）对基于风力涡轮机的分布式发电机（wdg）进行优化配置。sop是一种先进的电子设备，可以调节配电网中的有功和无功功率流，显著提高配电网的效率和灵活性。采用随机多模态方法，利用混合伽马（MG）概率分布函数（PDF）对风速进行建模，实现对风电输出的精确建模。该问题被表述为一个混合整数非线性规划（MINLP），并使用数学规划方法求解。采用一个单一的利润目标函数，其中包括按货币价值列举的所有标准。使用独立的聚合拥塞度量来评估分配的标准操作程序的有效性。通过分析验证了该方法的有效性，证明了该方法在提高配电网整体性能方面的有效性。该方法在一个典型的配电系统上进行了测试，并从规划的角度对结果进行了评估。

引用次数: 0