Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111499
E.S. Bañuelos-Cabral , J.A. Gutiérrez-Robles , J.J. Nuño-Ayón , M.G. Vega-Grijalva , J.L. Naredo , J. Sotelo-Castañón
Rational fitting techniques are the basis for modeling the physical behaviors of systems with respect to their input and output characteristics. Due to its robustness and accuracy, Vector Fitting (VF) has been widely used to obtain rational models from tabulated frequency domain responses. Three types of systems could be approximated: 1) A scalar function or scalar fitting (SF) case, 2) A column vector function or column fitting (CF) case, and 3) A matrix function or matrix fitting (MF) case. A common set of poles is desired for physical and implementation reasons. This is a fact in the SF case, and the mathematical formulation of VF allows obtaining a rational function-based model with a common set of poles in the CF case. However, as this is not possible in the MF case, a methodology based on the VF iteration is proposed, which ensures a common set of poles. The advantages are demonstrated in three test cases: 1) Multi-phase transmission-line modeling using the Universal Line Model (ULM), 2) Multi-block data analysis, and 3) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) transmission-line characterization.
{"title":"Iterative matrix fitting approach of frequency dependent matrices based on vector fitting","authors":"E.S. Bañuelos-Cabral , J.A. Gutiérrez-Robles , J.J. Nuño-Ayón , M.G. Vega-Grijalva , J.L. Naredo , J. Sotelo-Castañón","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational fitting techniques are the basis for modeling the physical behaviors of systems with respect to their input and output characteristics. Due to its robustness and accuracy, Vector Fitting (VF) has been widely used to obtain rational models from tabulated frequency domain responses. Three types of systems could be approximated: 1) A scalar function or scalar fitting (SF) case, 2) A column vector function or column fitting (CF) case, and 3) A matrix function or matrix fitting (MF) case. A common set of poles is desired for physical and implementation reasons. This is a fact in the SF case, and the mathematical formulation of VF allows obtaining a rational function-based model with a common set of poles in the CF case. However, as this is not possible in the MF case, a methodology based on the VF iteration is proposed, which ensures a common set of poles. The advantages are demonstrated in three test cases: 1) Multi-phase transmission-line modeling using the Universal Line Model (ULM), 2) Multi-block data analysis, and 3) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) transmission-line characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111508
Jun Xiao , Luyan Xue , Xun Jiang , Chuanqi Wang , Haishen Liang , Kangli Wang
The total accommodation capability curve (TAC curve) can completely describe the DG accommodation capability of a distribution network. The urban distribution network generally adopts the security constraints under N-1 criterion, but the formulation of the TAC curve in the existing studies only considers the network constraints under normal operation conditions considering N-0 criterion. To fill this gap, this paper develops a TAC curve model considering security constraints under N-1 criterion in distribution networks. The model is based on alternating current (AC) power flow because the problem of voltage override after DG integration cannot be ignored. Then, the solution and plotting method of the TAC curve are proposed. The method is based on the DC power flow model combined with voltage calibration correction, which is easy to solve and accurate. Finally, test systems are used to verify the proposed model and method. The rules between the N-1 TAC curve and the N-0 TAC curve and the main factors affecting the TAC curve are analyzed. The application of the TAC curve to planning is also provided.
{"title":"The total accommodation capability curve for a distribution network considering N-1 criterion","authors":"Jun Xiao , Luyan Xue , Xun Jiang , Chuanqi Wang , Haishen Liang , Kangli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The total accommodation capability curve (TAC curve) can completely describe the DG accommodation capability of a distribution network. The urban distribution network generally adopts the security constraints under N-1 criterion, but the formulation of the TAC curve in the existing studies only considers the network constraints under normal operation conditions considering N-0 criterion. To fill this gap, this paper develops a TAC curve model considering security constraints under N-1 criterion in distribution networks. The model is based on alternating current (AC) power flow because the problem of voltage override after DG integration cannot be ignored. Then, the solution and plotting method of the TAC curve are proposed. The method is based on the DC power flow model combined with voltage calibration correction, which is easy to solve and accurate. Finally, test systems are used to verify the proposed model and method. The rules between the N-1 TAC curve and the N-0 TAC curve and the main factors affecting the TAC curve are analyzed. The application of the TAC curve to planning is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111479
Chu Li , Bingjia Xiao , Qiping Yuan
Against the backdrop of the continuous growth of the new energy electricity trading market, improving the accuracy of ultra-short-term electricity forecasting and reducing lag are crucial for new energy enterprises. This article proposes a ultra-short-term wind power prediction model (Bi-NDCE-UPF) based on bidirectional neural control differential equations to explore ways to improve prediction accuracy and lag. It has two innovative points: 1. A bidirectional neural controllable ordinary differential model for ultra-short-term power forecasting has been proposed. Compared with Bi-GRU and Bi-LSTM, this model has significantly improved the accuracy and delay of the third point in ultra-short-term forecasting. 2. A prediction delay mitigation structure has been designed to effectively alleviate the lag and distortion of prediction data. This algorithm has been validated in four wind farms in central China and has unique advantages. We use four metrics to evaluate all models: MSE, MAE, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and Time Distortion Index (TDI). Compared with Bi-GRU, Bi-LSTM, and CNN-LSTM, the text model has significantly improved in terms of MSE and DTW. Compared with DLlinear and PatchTST models, the DTW and TDI models in this paper have better advantages.
{"title":"Ultra-short-term Wind power prediction algorithm based on bidirectional neural controlled differential equations","authors":"Chu Li , Bingjia Xiao , Qiping Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of the continuous growth of the new energy electricity trading market, improving the accuracy of ultra-short-term electricity forecasting and reducing lag are crucial for new energy enterprises. This article proposes a ultra-short-term wind power prediction model (Bi-NDCE-UPF) based on bidirectional neural control differential equations to explore ways to improve prediction accuracy and lag. It has two innovative points: 1. A bidirectional neural controllable ordinary differential model for ultra-short-term power forecasting has been proposed. Compared with Bi-GRU and Bi-LSTM, this model has significantly improved the accuracy and delay of the third point in ultra-short-term forecasting. 2. A prediction delay mitigation structure has been designed to effectively alleviate the lag and distortion of prediction data. This algorithm has been validated in four wind farms in central China and has unique advantages. We use four metrics to evaluate all models: MSE, MAE, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and Time Distortion Index (TDI). Compared with Bi-GRU, Bi-LSTM, and CNN-LSTM, the text model has significantly improved in terms of MSE and DTW. Compared with DLlinear and PatchTST models, the DTW and TDI models in this paper have better advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111511
Jinjiang Zhang , Tianle Sun , Xiaolong Guo , Min Lu
To address the challenges of volatility and unpredictability in photovoltaic (PV) power, a short-term combined prediction model named EMD-VMD-CPO-BILSTM is proposed. The process begins with the selection of a similar day using the K-means algorithm, followed by the decomposition of historical PV power data into several signal components. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method is employed to denoise the signal, and the residual signal is further decomposed using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to minimize mode aliasing and improve accuracy. Subsequently, the parameters of the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) model are optimized using the Crested Porcupine Optimization (CPO) algorithm. The optimized BILSTM model is subsequently applied to power prediction. The experiment was conducted using observation data from the Australian Desert Knowledge (DKA) Solar Energy Centre, located in Australia. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the proposed EMD-VMD-CPO-BILSTM model reduces mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) by 6.67 % and 3.76 %, respectively.
{"title":"Short-term photovoltaic power prediction with CPO-BILSTM based on quadratic decomposition","authors":"Jinjiang Zhang , Tianle Sun , Xiaolong Guo , Min Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of volatility and unpredictability in photovoltaic (PV) power, a short-term combined prediction model named EMD-VMD-CPO-BILSTM is proposed. The process begins with the selection of a similar day using the K-means algorithm, followed by the decomposition of historical PV power data into several signal components. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method is employed to denoise the signal, and the residual signal is further decomposed using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to minimize mode aliasing and improve accuracy. Subsequently, the parameters of the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) model are optimized using the Crested Porcupine Optimization (CPO) algorithm. The optimized BILSTM model is subsequently applied to power prediction. The experiment was conducted using observation data from the Australian Desert Knowledge (DKA) Solar Energy Centre, located in Australia. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the proposed EMD-VMD-CPO-BILSTM model reduces mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) by 6.67 % and 3.76 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111515
Akifumi Yamanaka, Kazuyuki Ishimoto
Lightning strikes on distribution lines can disrupt the operation of electric power systems, and hence it is crucial to accurately estimate the lightning performance by comparing various protection strategies. Recent studies have shown that the lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs), which generate lightning-induced voltages in distribution lines, have a significant impact on the overvoltages generated even by direct strikes. This study aimed to clarify the conditions under which the LEMP significantly affects flashover rates (FORs) because considering the LEMP for direct lightning surge analysis requires additional calculations for electromagnetic transient analysis. We evaluated the LEMP impact on the FORs by considering the parameters as follows: soil resistivity (grounding resistance), intervals of surge arresters (SAs), and critical flashover voltages (CFOs). The analyses clarified that the LEMP impact is significant for lines with a coarse interval of SAs and low soil resistivity; this trend is emphasized by a high CFO. The impact is insignificant for lines with a close interval of SAs or a high resistivity. Although considering the LEMP impact is important for performing an accurate analysis, it can be neglected in the latter conditions, facilitating an efficient lightning performance assessment of distribution lines taking account of various protection strategies.
{"title":"Clarifying the conditions under which the LEMP significantly affects lightning flashover rates of medium-voltage distribution lines","authors":"Akifumi Yamanaka, Kazuyuki Ishimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightning strikes on distribution lines can disrupt the operation of electric power systems, and hence it is crucial to accurately estimate the lightning performance by comparing various protection strategies. Recent studies have shown that the lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs), which generate lightning-induced voltages in distribution lines, have a significant impact on the overvoltages generated even by direct strikes. This study aimed to clarify the conditions under which the LEMP significantly affects flashover rates (FORs) because considering the LEMP for direct lightning surge analysis requires additional calculations for electromagnetic transient analysis. We evaluated the LEMP impact on the FORs by considering the parameters as follows: soil resistivity (grounding resistance), intervals of surge arresters (SAs), and critical flashover voltages (CFOs). The analyses clarified that the LEMP impact is significant for lines with a coarse interval of SAs and low soil resistivity; this trend is emphasized by a high CFO. The impact is insignificant for lines with a close interval of SAs or a high resistivity. Although considering the LEMP impact is important for performing an accurate analysis, it can be neglected in the latter conditions, facilitating an efficient lightning performance assessment of distribution lines taking account of various protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111473
Zhongmei Suo, HongTao Shi, Xinxin Meng, Bai Zhang, Lan Lan
The power quality (PQ) assessment for microgrid cluster (MGC) is essential for management. However, there is a lack of in-depth exploration and refinement on how to conduct a hierarchical assessment of the PQ for MGC on multi-temporal and spatial scales. To address the above issues, a novel hierarchical assessment method on multi-temporal and spatial scales is innovatively proposed in this paper. Firstly, on the time scale, the principal component kernel density estimation (PCA-KDE) fusion analysis, improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation kernel density estimation (CRITIC-KDE) fusion analysis, and transgressive kernel density analysis are employed to capture the long-term trend, short-term changes, and fast response of PQ, respectively, and quantify its uncertainty and volatility through the standard deviation (SD) of the kernel density function. Furthermore, on the spatial scale, the assessment structure and the logical connection between the levels are clarified, and the PQ localization is realized by combining the multi-timescale assessment results with the spatial structure of MGC. Finally, examples show that compared with traditional methods, the uncertainty of PQ of MGC in the proposed method is fully revealed from multiple dimensions. The PQ index exceedance rate is increased to 50 % or 83 % on ultra-short scale, the evaluation score is reduced by about 10 % on short time scale, and the PQ score is reduced by about 15 % on long time scale, providing more reasonable decision support for the management of MGC.
{"title":"A hierarchical evaluation method for power quality of microgrid cluster based on multi-temporal and spatial scales fusion analysis","authors":"Zhongmei Suo, HongTao Shi, Xinxin Meng, Bai Zhang, Lan Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power quality (PQ) assessment for microgrid cluster (MGC) is essential for management. However, there is a lack of in-depth exploration and refinement on how to conduct a hierarchical assessment of the PQ for MGC on multi-temporal and spatial scales. To address the above issues, a novel hierarchical assessment method on multi-temporal and spatial scales is innovatively proposed in this paper. Firstly, on the time scale, the principal component kernel density estimation (PCA-KDE) fusion analysis, improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation kernel density estimation (CRITIC-KDE) fusion analysis, and transgressive kernel density analysis are employed to capture the long-term trend, short-term changes, and fast response of PQ, respectively, and quantify its uncertainty and volatility through the standard deviation (SD) of the kernel density function. Furthermore, on the spatial scale, the assessment structure and the logical connection between the levels are clarified, and the PQ localization is realized by combining the multi-timescale assessment results with the spatial structure of MGC. Finally, examples show that compared with traditional methods, the uncertainty of PQ of MGC in the proposed method is fully revealed from multiple dimensions. The PQ index exceedance rate is increased to 50 % or 83 % on ultra-short scale, the evaluation score is reduced by about 10 % on short time scale, and the PQ score is reduced by about 15 % on long time scale, providing more reasonable decision support for the management of MGC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation is employed in diverse applications to analyze electromagnetic (EM) fields and waves, providing critical insights essential for design and optimization. Among the various available CEM techniques, such as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is an upcoming and preferred technique in certain applications due to its capability to integrate EM and circuit simulations, as well as its reduced computational cost. Consequently, publications based on the PEEC method have exhibited an increasing trend in the recent years. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PEEC-based applications across various fields to address prevailing problems in these applications. The survey categorizes the publications based on the type of application and provides detailed information on the techniques used and the results obtained. This work also briefly highlights the growing trend of adopting model order reduction (MOR) techniques, emphasizing their compatibility with the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method to achieve more efficient and effective solutions. This review paper is valuable for researchers and engineers in related fields, aiding them in pinpointing future research opportunities and effectively employing the PEEC technique.
{"title":"Applications of the partial element equivalent circuit method in computational electromagnetics simulation: An overview","authors":"Dinusha Maramba Gamage, Madhawa Ranasinghe, Venkata Dinavahi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation is employed in diverse applications to analyze electromagnetic (EM) fields and waves, providing critical insights essential for design and optimization. Among the various available CEM techniques, such as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is an upcoming and preferred technique in certain applications due to its capability to integrate EM and circuit simulations, as well as its reduced computational cost. Consequently, publications based on the PEEC method have exhibited an increasing trend in the recent years. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PEEC-based applications across various fields to address prevailing problems in these applications. The survey categorizes the publications based on the type of application and provides detailed information on the techniques used and the results obtained. This work also briefly highlights the growing trend of adopting model order reduction (MOR) techniques, emphasizing their compatibility with the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method to achieve more efficient and effective solutions. This review paper is valuable for researchers and engineers in related fields, aiding them in pinpointing future research opportunities and effectively employing the PEEC technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111421
Zhiming Liao , Jie Zhang , Yongxia Han , Licheng Li , Peixuan Zhang , Yuanzhi Wu , Xin Luo , Taishan Hu
The impulse withstand capacity of zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors is crucial to the reliable performance of arresters, and is influenced by factors such as the impulse current waveform, amplitude, and the number of impulses. This paper studied the effects of these factors on the damage modes and aging degree of ZnO varistors through repetitive impulse testing. The test results indicate that side flashover is the predominant damage mode under different impulse current waveforms (8/20 μs and 15/35 μs), and the probability of pinhole and cracking damage increases with both the current amplitude and the number of impulses per group. The aging degree increases with the shortening of the current waveform, as well as with the increase in both the current amplitude and the number of impulses per group. Side flashover significantly reduces the lifespan of ZnO varistors, and the application of glass glaze remains ineffective in preventing this damage. The evaluation of impulse withstand capacity should consider the effect of current waveforms. These findings provide valuable insights for improving impulse test methods and enhancing the impulse withstand capacity of ZnO varistors.
{"title":"Study on factors influencing the impulse withstand capacity of zinc oxide varistors","authors":"Zhiming Liao , Jie Zhang , Yongxia Han , Licheng Li , Peixuan Zhang , Yuanzhi Wu , Xin Luo , Taishan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impulse withstand capacity of zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors is crucial to the reliable performance of arresters, and is influenced by factors such as the impulse current waveform, amplitude, and the number of impulses. This paper studied the effects of these factors on the damage modes and aging degree of ZnO varistors through repetitive impulse testing. The test results indicate that side flashover is the predominant damage mode under different impulse current waveforms (8/20 μs and 15/35 μs), and the probability of pinhole and cracking damage increases with both the current amplitude and the number of impulses per group. The aging degree increases with the shortening of the current waveform, as well as with the increase in both the current amplitude and the number of impulses per group. Side flashover significantly reduces the lifespan of ZnO varistors, and the application of glass glaze remains ineffective in preventing this damage. The evaluation of impulse withstand capacity should consider the effect of current waveforms. These findings provide valuable insights for improving impulse test methods and enhancing the impulse withstand capacity of ZnO varistors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111484
Weichen Liang , Shusheng Wang , Xuan Li , Xintong Li , Kaiwen Xu
To address energy waste and conflicts of interest among multiple park-integrated energy systems (PIES), a bi-level optimization model based on multi-agent game theory is proposed. In the upper-level model, cooperative games driven by economic relationships between districts determine the inter-district energy exchange, which is then passed to the lower-level model. The lower-level model establishes a multi-objective cooperative game for equipment scheduling, incorporating CO2 recycling through carbon capture systems and feedback for both carbon transmission and energy demand. Both levels of the cooperative game are decoupled and solved iteratively using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Finally, the Shapley value method is applied for profit distribution. The results demonstrate that multi-agent cooperation among districts significantly enhances the economic benefits of PIES, enabling flexible multi-energy scheduling and improving the overall economic efficiency of the energy system.
{"title":"Optimization method of low carbon park integrated energy system based on multi-agent game","authors":"Weichen Liang , Shusheng Wang , Xuan Li , Xintong Li , Kaiwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address energy waste and conflicts of interest among multiple park-integrated energy systems (PIES), a bi-level optimization model based on multi-agent game theory is proposed. In the upper-level model, cooperative games driven by economic relationships between districts determine the inter-district energy exchange, which is then passed to the lower-level model. The lower-level model establishes a multi-objective cooperative game for equipment scheduling, incorporating CO2 recycling through carbon capture systems and feedback for both carbon transmission and energy demand. Both levels of the cooperative game are decoupled and solved iteratively using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Finally, the Shapley value method is applied for profit distribution. The results demonstrate that multi-agent cooperation among districts significantly enhances the economic benefits of PIES, enabling flexible multi-energy scheduling and improving the overall economic efficiency of the energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 111484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111482
Dongyuan Qiu , Yuchen Zhang , Jing Zi , Bo Zhang , Yanfeng Chen , Fan Xie , Wenxun Xiao , Minglei Xie
The rise of renewable energy sources (RES) has highlighted the demand for energy storage. However, the high costs associated with battery energy storage systems (BESS) pose significant barriers to wider adoption of RES. Electrical springs (ESs) have the potential to reduce the dependency of RES systems on storage capacity. In conventional ES setups, power fluctuations are managed by connecting ES in series with non-critical load (NCL) to stabilize the voltage of critical load (CL). However, this approach results in considerable voltage variations for NCL and is limited by the number of available NCL. To address the challenges in distribution networks with a limited number of CL, this paper proposes a series-type fractional-order ES (S-FES) by connecting ES in series with CL directly. Leveraging the ability of fractional-order component (FOC) to absorb or dissipate active power at various orders, the S-FES maintains stable voltage for CL by adjusting the fractional order and impedance, thereby reducing the overall energy storage requirements. Under comparable conditions, the proposed S-FES can reduce the energy storage capacity by approximately 70% compared to BESS, while improving the power factor (PF) to unity.The paper then goes on to detail the topology and control strategy of the S-FES, and demonstrates its effectiveness through simulation and experimental results.
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