Economics & Human Biology最新文献

英文中文

Biases in medical decision-making: A cross-medication comparison 医疗决策偏差：跨药物比较。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101574

Michele Cantarella , Simona Cantarella , Francesca Zaninotto , Massimo Riccaboni , Giulia Galli

In this paper, we investigate whether cognitive biases in medical decision-making differ across types of medications when objective risks of side effects are held constant. Using data from a survey and a stated-choice experiment, we compare hypothetical medication-taking responses across four medication choices, including vaccines and therapeutic interventions, and four combinations of trials and side effects. Our main findings suggest that individuals are generally rational and prefer medications with lower risks, but responses to risk information differ systematically by medication type. In particular, individuals are more susceptible to salient side-effect information, especially for vaccines, even when overall risk levels are identical. Examining individual-level sources of variation, we find that many of these vaccine-specific distortions are substantially reduced once we account for vaccination hesitancy and illness-related anxiety, while other correlated individual characteristics also play an important role in explaining heterogeneity in medication-taking behaviour.

在本文中，我们研究了当客观副作用风险保持不变时，医疗决策中的认知偏差是否会因药物类型而异。利用调查和陈述选择实验的数据，我们比较了四种药物选择的假设服药反应，包括疫苗和治疗干预，以及四种试验和副作用的组合。我们的主要研究结果表明，个体总体上是理性的，倾向于风险较低的药物，但不同药物类型对风险信息的反应存在系统性差异。特别是，即使在总体风险水平相同的情况下，个人更容易受到明显副作用信息的影响，尤其是疫苗。检查个体水平的变异来源，我们发现，一旦我们考虑到疫苗接种犹豫和疾病相关焦虑，许多这些疫苗特异性扭曲就会大大减少，而其他相关的个体特征也在解释药物服用行为的异质性方面发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

The role of parenting style and socio-economic status in child development: Understanding the underlying dynamics 父母教养方式和社会经济地位在儿童发展中的作用：了解其潜在的动力。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101584

Eleonora Matteazzi , Vincenzo Prete

We apply latent class analysis to the German Family Panel data to identify latent family types and assess the association between various aspects of the home environment and child development. These aspects include family socio-economic background, parenting style, and parental involvement in children’s learning activities. Child development is measured across several dimensions, including schooling outcomes, non-cognitive abilities, psychological well-being, and maintaining a healthy weight. Our findings suggest that a rich socio-economic background appears more strongly associated with schooling performance, social integration, and maintaining a healthy weight than parenting style. In contrast, self-esteem and psychological well-being are more closely related to parenting quality, indicating that good parenting may compensate for the disadvantages of growing up in a poor socio-economic family environment. For most outcomes, additive dynamics between parenting style and socio-economic status correspond to larger development gaps between children from the least and most advantaged families.

我们将潜在类别分析应用于德国家庭面板数据，以确定潜在家庭类型，并评估家庭环境各方面与儿童发展之间的关联。这些方面包括家庭社会经济背景、父母教养方式和父母对孩子学习活动的参与。儿童发展是通过几个维度来衡量的，包括学业成绩、非认知能力、心理健康和保持健康的体重。我们的研究结果表明，与父母教养方式相比，富裕的社会经济背景似乎与学业表现、社会融合和保持健康体重的关系更密切。相比之下，自尊和心理健康与养育质量的关系更为密切，这表明良好的养育可以弥补在贫穷的社会经济家庭环境中成长的缺点。就大多数结果而言，父母教养方式和社会经济地位之间的相互作用导致了最贫困家庭和最贫困家庭的儿童之间更大的发展差距。

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引用次数: 0

Spousal bereavement and depression: Testing moderating effects of pre-loss circumstances and social support in India 配偶丧亲和抑郁：在印度测试丧亲前环境和社会支持的调节作用。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101585

Vijay Victor

Widowhood represents a critical life transition with profound implications for mental health, yet causal evidence from low and middle income countries (LMICs) remains scarce. This gap is particularly acute in contexts like India, where population ageing is accelerating rapidly, and traditional family support systems are evolving. The causal effect of spousal loss on depression is estimated using panel data from India's Longitudinal Ageing Study (LASI) and doubly robust difference-in-differences (DRDID) estimation. Depression trajectories were compared between 343 older adults who experienced widowhood and 2305 married controls (sample mean age 65 years 2 months), adjusted for baseline characteristics. Widowhood increases depressive symptoms by 1.07 CES-D points, representing an 11% increase relative to baseline. The effects vary substantially by characteristics of the loss and social context. Individuals who lost healthy spouses experienced significantly greater mental health deterioration compared to those whose spouses were chronically ill, suggesting that sudden, unexpected loss generates more severe psychological consequences than anticipated bereavement. The findings also show larger effects among socially isolated individuals, though this difference does not reach conventional significance levels. Interestingly, even socially connected individuals show substantial effects, indicating that spousal relationships provide unique mental health benefits that cannot be fully replaced by other social ties. These findings have important implications for targeting bereavement, support interventions in ageing populations and provide supportive evidence for the identification strategy by demonstrating effect patterns inconsistent with anticipatory grief bias.

丧偶是一个重要的人生转变，对心理健康有深远影响，但来自中低收入国家的因果证据仍然很少。在印度这样的国家，这一差距尤其严重，因为印度人口老龄化正在迅速加速，传统的家庭支持系统正在演变。使用印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）的面板数据和双稳健差中差（DRDID）估计来估计配偶丧失对抑郁症的因果影响。研究人员比较了343名丧偶的老年人和2305名已婚对照者（样本平均年龄65岁2个月）的抑郁轨迹，并根据基线特征进行了调整。丧偶使抑郁症状增加1.07 CES-D点，比基线增加11%。这种影响因丧失的特点和社会背景而有很大差异。与失去健康配偶的人相比，失去健康配偶的人的精神健康恶化程度明显更大，这表明突然的、意外的失去比预期的丧亲之痛产生更严重的心理后果。研究结果还显示，在社会孤立的个体中，这种影响更大，尽管这种差异没有达到传统的显著水平。有趣的是，即使是有社会关系的个体也表现出实质性的影响，这表明配偶关系提供了其他社会关系无法完全取代的独特的心理健康益处。这些发现对针对老年人群的丧亲、支持干预具有重要意义，并通过展示与预期悲伤偏见不一致的效应模式，为识别策略提供了支持性证据。

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引用次数: 0

The legacy of Agent Orange: Prenatal exposure to dioxin and human capital formation 橙剂的遗产：产前暴露于二恶英和人力资本形成。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101582

Thao Bui

This paper examines the effect of prenatal exposure to Agent Orange, a dioxin-contaminated herbicide that was dispersed on a large scale in South Vietnam for military operations during the Vietnam War, on educational attainment of Vietnamese civilians. The identification strategy exploits province-by-cohort variation in the intensity of Agent Orange sprayed. I find that controlling for conventional bombing, cohorts exposed in utero to Agent Orange (who were born between 1962 and 1971) have lower educational attainment compared to other birth cohorts. The same inference is obtained when employing an instrumental-variable approach that uses the density of North Vietnamese army bases as an instrument for the intensity of Agent Orange. The findings demonstrate that prenatal health shocks resulting from exposure to toxic chemicals play an important role in shaping human capital formation.

本文研究了产前暴露于橙剂的影响，橙剂是一种二恶英污染的除草剂，在越南战争期间在南越大规模散布，用于军事行动，对越南平民的教育程度。识别策略利用了各省各队列在橙剂喷洒强度上的差异。我发现，在控制常规轰炸的情况下，在子宫内接触过橙剂的人群（出生于1962年至1971年之间）的受教育程度低于其他出生人群。当采用工具变量方法使用北越军队基地的密度作为橙剂强度的工具时，也得到了同样的推断。研究结果表明，暴露于有毒化学品造成的产前健康冲击在形成人力资本方面发挥着重要作用。

引用次数: 0

The lingering shadow: Understanding the long-term impact of natural disasters on social trust 挥之不去的阴影：了解自然灾害对社会信任的长期影响

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101586

Xiaokun Yu, Yang Liu, Yugang Yang

This study examines the impact of earthquakes on social trust in China. Leveraging the exogenous nature of the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake and adopting a cohort difference-in-differences (Cohort DID) methodology, we identify the long-term causal effect of experiencing an earthquake during adolescence (ages 8–20) on individuals’ subsequent social trust. Our findings demonstrate that adolescent exposure to the earthquake exerts a significantly negative long-term impact on social trust in adulthood. We reveal that this effect exhibits multifaceted manifestations: it is geographically concentrated in urban areas, more pronounced among males, and attenuated by political affiliation. Furthermore, reduced social interactions and eroded social trust constitute shared manifestations of latent psychological trauma arising from the disaster. These results highlight that natural disasters inflict enduring and multifaceted psychological scars on youth, underscoring the necessity of targeted mental health interventions for young disaster survivors in developing countries.

本研究探讨地震对中国社会信任的影响。利用1976年唐山大地震的外生性质，采用队列差分法（cohort -difference - of -difference， DID），我们确定了青少年时期（8-20岁）经历地震对个体后续社会信任的长期因果影响。研究结果表明，青少年接触地震对成年期社会信任有显著的负向长期影响。我们发现，这种影响表现出多方面的表现：它在地理上集中在城市地区，在男性中更为明显，并因政治派别而减弱。此外，社会交往的减少和社会信任的削弱是灾难造成的潜在心理创伤的共同表现。这些结果突出表明，自然灾害给青年造成持久和多方面的心理创伤，强调有必要对发展中国家年轻的灾害幸存者进行有针对性的心理健康干预。

引用次数: 0

The relationship between oil production and infant health outcomes: Evidence from fracking boom 石油生产与婴儿健康结果之间的关系：来自水力压裂热潮的证据。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101583

Hamid Noghanibehambari , Mahmoud Salari , Nahid Tavassoli , Hoa Vu

This paper examines the effects of oil and gas production on infant health using birth records from 1990 to 2020. We focus on the rise of unconventional extraction methods—particularly hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”)—as a quasi-exogenous shock to local production. Exploiting the staggered discovery of fracking potential across shale counties, coupled with measures of production potential as identifying variation, we implement a difference-in-differences design to estimate the impact of drilling exposure on birth outcomes. We find that exposure to drilling activity significantly reduces birth weight, increases the incidence of low birth weight and preterm birth, and impairs fetal growth. Linking drilling to changes in local ambient pollution, we show that exposure significantly increases concentrations of ozone, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂—pollutants known to affect fetal development. These environmental changes likely contribute to the observed negative effects on infant health. Our findings offer insights into the broader costs and benefits of oil and gas extraction for local communities.

本文利用1990年至2020年的出生记录，研究了石油和天然气生产对婴儿健康的影响。我们关注非常规开采方法的兴起，尤其是水力压裂（“fracking”），将其视为对当地生产的准外源冲击。利用页岩县交错发现的水力压裂潜力，再加上生产潜力作为识别变化的措施，我们实施了差异中的差异设计，以估计钻井暴露对出生结果的影响。我们发现，暴露于钻井活动显著降低出生体重，增加低出生体重和早产的发生率，并损害胎儿生长。我们将钻井与当地环境污染的变化联系起来，发现暴露在钻井环境中会显著增加臭氧、PM2.5、PM10和二氧化硫等已知影响胎儿发育的污染物的浓度。这些环境变化很可能造成已观察到的对婴儿健康的负面影响。我们的研究结果为当地社区更广泛的石油和天然气开采成本和收益提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Prescriptions for mental health and the labor market penalties of cerebral palsy. 精神健康处方和脑瘫的劳动力市场处罚。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101592

Derek Asuman, Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir, Johan Jarl

We explore mental health as a potential mechanism to explain the labor market penalty of an early-onset physical disability using administrative data from Sweden. For methodological reasons, we focus on persons with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and use prescriptions for mental health conditions. We examine how much of the differences in labor market outcomes is explained by prescriptions for mental health conditions and whether the mental health gradient differs between persons with and without CP. Finally, we assess whether the social insurance system compensates for potential lost earnings due to mental health through access to social benefits. We find that prescriptions for mental health conditions explain only a small part of the labor market penalties of CP. While mental health may impose additional employment penalties, labor market benefits exist for the treatment of mental health conditions among persons with CP. Furthermore, we find that the social insurance system partially compensates for the earnings penalties of CP through access to social benefits. Our results underscore the importance of understanding the interactions between mental health and labor market outcomes of persons with motor disabilities.

我们利用瑞典的行政数据，探讨心理健康作为解释早发性身体残疾的劳动力市场惩罚的潜在机制。出于方法学上的原因，我们将重点放在脑瘫（CP）患者身上，并使用处方治疗精神健康状况。我们研究了劳动力市场结果的差异有多少是由心理健康状况的处方所解释的，以及患有和没有CP的人之间的心理健康梯度是否存在差异。最后，我们评估了社会保险制度是否通过获得社会福利来补偿由于心理健康而导致的潜在收入损失。我们发现心理健康状况的处方只解释了CP的一小部分劳动力市场惩罚。虽然心理健康可能会施加额外的就业惩罚，但劳动力市场对CP患者的心理健康状况的治疗存在好处。此外，我们发现社会保险制度通过获得社会福利部分补偿了CP的收入惩罚。我们的研究结果强调了理解运动障碍者心理健康和劳动力市场结果之间相互作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Do maltreated children think of suicide more? Evidence from South Korea. 受虐待的孩子更容易想到自杀吗？来自韩国的证据。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101590

Elcin Tuzel, Do Won Kwak, Kam Ki Tang

Despite extensive research on adolescent mental health, the effects of maltreatment by parents on suicidal thoughts in children remain underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap using data from the Korean Youth Panel Survey and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences methodology with a staggered treatment design and individual fixed effects. Our results indicate that self-reported child maltreatment is associated with an average increase of nearly 6 percentage points in the probability of reporting suicidal thoughts. Notably, self-reported verbal maltreatment has a larger estimated effect than self-reported physical maltreatment. These findings underscore the need for early identification and intervention strategies that address both verbal and physical maltreatment.

尽管对青少年心理健康进行了广泛的研究，但父母虐待对儿童自杀念头的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在利用韩国青年小组调查的数据和具有交错治疗设计和个体固定效应的准实验差异中的差异方法来填补这一空白。我们的研究结果表明，自我报告的儿童虐待与报告自杀念头的概率平均增加近6个百分点有关。值得注意的是，自我报告的言语虐待比自我报告的身体虐待有更大的估计影响。这些发现强调了早期识别和干预策略的必要性，以解决言语和身体虐待问题。

引用次数: 0

Seasonal influenza vaccination uptake and digital literacy: Evidence from European data. 季节性流感疫苗接种和数字素养：来自欧洲数据的证据。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101587

Martina Celidoni, Nita Handastya, Guglielmo Weber, Nancy Zambon

This study documents the association between computer skills/digital literacy and influenza vaccination take-up among older adults in Europe during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we find a positive partial correlation between influenza vaccination take-up and two indicators of pre-pandemic computer skills/digital literacy, self-assessed pre-pandemic computer skills and having used a computer at work in any pre-pandemic job. We estimate also a positive partial association between increased digital skills during the pandemic and take-up decision. We show that increased digital skills is more likely among those having already better pre-pandemic computer skills, suggesting that the pandemic might have exacerbated inequalities in take-up due to a widening in the so-called digital divide.

本研究记录了在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间和之后，欧洲老年人的计算机技能/数字素养与流感疫苗接种之间的关系。使用来自欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的数据，我们发现流感疫苗接种与大流行前计算机技能/数字素养、自我评估大流行前计算机技能和在任何大流行前的工作中使用计算机的两个指标之间存在正相关关系。我们还估计，大流行期间数字技能的提高与接纳决策之间存在部分正相关关系。我们的研究表明，数字技能的提高更有可能发生在那些在大流行前已经拥有更好计算机技能的人身上，这表明，由于所谓的数字鸿沟的扩大，大流行可能加剧了接受数字技能的不平等。

引用次数: 0

Health effects of urgent care center entry: The case of WellNow. 紧急护理中心进入对健康的影响：以WellNow为例。

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2026.101588

Eliane H Barker, Stephen Wu

This paper uses multiple sources of data to study the effect of the entry of WellNow urgent care centers (UCC) in New York State on individual health outcomes and health care access. Using both two-way fixed regressions and robust event study models, we show that the opening of a new urgent care center leads to better self-assessed health for individuals living in that particular county. We also find evidence of a decreased strain on the local healthcare system, as the opening of a nearby WellNow facility leads to shorter hospital waiting times and increased likelihood that individuals have a timely routine checkup.

本文使用多种来源的数据来研究进入纽约州的WellNow紧急护理中心（UCC）对个人健康结果和医疗保健获取的影响。使用双向固定回归和稳健事件研究模型，我们表明，开设一个新的紧急护理中心可以为居住在该特定县的个人提供更好的自我评估健康。我们还发现了当地医疗保健系统压力减轻的证据，因为附近WellNow设施的开放缩短了医院等待时间，增加了个人及时进行例行检查的可能性。

引用次数: 0

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