Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101475
Timothy Ludlow , Jonas Fooken , Christiern Rose , Kam Ki Tang
We examine the impact of housing insecurity on mental health. We use missed rental payments due to a shortage of money as a direct measure of housing insecurity and a difference-in-differences framework that allows us to differentiate the effect of housing insecurity from the effect of experiencing financial hardship more generally. We find that housing insecurity causes a decline in mental health. Further analysis reveals two important dimensions of heterogeneity: the duration of prior financial hardship and the intensity of housing insecurity. Renters in prolonged financial hardship and those who experience high levels of housing insecurity (defined as missing a rental payment and having a high rent to income ratio), experience the largest negative impacts on their mental health.
{"title":"Housing insecurity, financial hardship and mental health","authors":"Timothy Ludlow , Jonas Fooken , Christiern Rose , Kam Ki Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impact of housing insecurity on mental health. We use missed rental payments due to a shortage of money as a direct measure of housing insecurity and a difference-in-differences framework that allows us to differentiate the effect of housing insecurity from the effect of experiencing financial hardship more generally. We find that housing insecurity causes a decline in mental health. Further analysis reveals two important dimensions of heterogeneity: the duration of prior financial hardship and the intensity of housing insecurity. Renters in prolonged financial hardship and those who experience high levels of housing insecurity (defined as missing a rental payment and having a high rent to income ratio), experience the largest negative impacts on their mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101482
Hyunkuk Cho
The literature suggests that parents intentionally time births, with one example being the increase in births during auspicious years according to Chinese cultural beliefs. We examine births, particularly those of girls, in 2007, a year considered auspicious in South Korea as the Year of the Golden Pig in the Chinese zodiac. In that year, the total number of births in the country surged by 10 %, reaching 496,677 compared to 453,170 in the previous year, before decreasing to 460,480 the following year. This increase suggests that having a baby, regardless of sex, was prioritized over having a boy in a country with a tradition of son preference, indicating that girls who might otherwise have been aborted were born. We found that in 2007, there was a 1 percentage point increase in the number of girls born in regions with a son-preferring culture. Additionally, girls born in 2007 weighed less compared to those born in previous years, suggesting that some may not have received adequate prenatal care.
{"title":"Auspicious years, the birth of girls, and their birth outcomes","authors":"Hyunkuk Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The literature suggests that parents intentionally time births, with one example being the increase in births during auspicious years according to Chinese cultural beliefs. We examine births, particularly those of girls, in 2007, a year considered auspicious in South Korea as the Year of the Golden Pig in the Chinese zodiac. In that year, the total number of births in the country surged by 10 %, reaching 496,677 compared to 453,170 in the previous year, before decreasing to 460,480 the following year. This increase suggests that having a baby, regardless of sex, was prioritized over having a boy in a country with a tradition of son preference, indicating that girls who might otherwise have been aborted were born. We found that in 2007, there was a 1 percentage point increase in the number of girls born in regions with a son-preferring culture. Additionally, girls born in 2007 weighed less compared to those born in previous years, suggesting that some may not have received adequate prenatal care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101474
Emma Aguila , Raquel Fonseca
This study explores how basic income (a non-contributory pension program) for the elderly affects the health of retired workers who were self-employed or salaried workers. Differences in health between these groups may arise because of the greater social protection and lower income volatility that salaried workers enjoy. The study uses a cluster-randomized controlled trial that provides supplemental incomes to adults aged 70 or older in two towns of Yucatan, Mexico. It compares the effects of supplemental income over two waves for Valladolid (where eligible individuals received a monthly income supplement) and Motul (a demographically matched control town). The results indicate that self-employed workers experience a decrease in anemia and improvements in peak expiratory flow, word recall, satisfaction with health, better health care use, and well-being. In contrast, salaried workers' health outcomes show no significant effect from the program. The program improves food availability for both self-employed and salaried workers, but its impact on food availability is stronger for self-employed workers. The program did cause a crowding out of family transfers for self-employed and salaried workers.
{"title":"How do basic income for elderly affect health of self-employed?","authors":"Emma Aguila , Raquel Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores how basic income (a non-contributory pension program) for the elderly affects the health of retired workers who were self-employed or salaried workers. Differences in health between these groups may arise because of the greater social protection and lower income volatility that salaried workers enjoy. The study uses a cluster-randomized controlled trial that provides supplemental incomes to adults aged 70 or older in two towns of Yucatan, Mexico. It compares the effects of supplemental income over two waves for Valladolid (where eligible individuals received a monthly income supplement) and Motul (a demographically matched control town). The results indicate that self-employed workers experience a decrease in anemia and improvements in peak expiratory flow, word recall, satisfaction with health, better health care use, and well-being. In contrast, salaried workers' health outcomes show no significant effect from the program. The program improves food availability for both self-employed and salaried workers, but its impact on food availability is stronger for self-employed workers. The program did cause a crowding out of family transfers for self-employed and salaried workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101472
Samuel Berlinski , Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano , Alba Sóñora-Noya
We examine gender gaps in early childhood cognitive and social-behavioral skills across several Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Our study complements previous research focused on older children by analyzing the preschool period, a critical stage for lifelong human capital formation. We find that the female advantage commonly observed in school-aged children’s achievement, as well as in high school enrollment and completion in both high-income and LAC countries, is also frequently evident in early childhood within our sample of LAC countries. On average, girls outperform boys in various developmental measures and are less likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, these gender gaps generally remain stable across the distributions of developmental outcomes. Unlike findings for older children in high-income countries, our results suggest that during early childhood in LAC, boys and girls do not show differential benefits from socioeconomic status or a more favorable home environment.
{"title":"Gender gaps in early childhood development in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Samuel Berlinski , Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano , Alba Sóñora-Noya","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine gender gaps in early childhood cognitive and social-behavioral skills across several Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Our study complements previous research focused on older children by analyzing the preschool period, a critical stage for lifelong human capital formation. We find that the female advantage commonly observed in school-aged children’s achievement, as well as in high school enrollment and completion in both high-income and LAC countries, is also frequently evident in early childhood within our sample of LAC countries. On average, girls outperform boys in various developmental measures and are less likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, these gender gaps generally remain stable across the distributions of developmental outcomes. Unlike findings for older children in high-income countries, our results suggest that during early childhood in LAC, boys and girls do not show differential benefits from socioeconomic status or a more favorable home environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101458
Modjgan Alishahi , Samira Hasanzadeh
In India, adolescent girls are highly vulnerable, facing risks that hinder their healthy development into young women. India’s Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABLA) aims to address these challenges by promoting health awareness and encouraging decision-making autonomy, fostering women’s development. Using data from the nationally representative India Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) and exploiting exogenous variations in the program’s rollout across districts and birth cohorts, we provide evidence that exposure to SABLA increases the likelihood of young female participants using family planning and modern family planning methods. Furthermore, it indicates that participants are more likely to adopt a healthier diet, characterized by increased consumption of green leafy vegetables and reduced intake of fried foods. Additionally, the program empowers participants to have control over their financial resources. The findings also reveal a significant reduction in the likelihood of anemia among women who were exposed to the program. Notably, our results suggest that SABLA contributes to delaying women’s marriage and their first childbirth. We find that women exposed to the program have fewer children than their counterparts and face fewer pregnancy losses. To account for COVID-19 disruptions, we include a COVID dummy variable. While the pandemic affected family planning, nutrition, and anemia, SABLA’s positive impact on health and empowerment remains strong. Notably, it did not affect women’s role in household decision-making, highlighting its lasting effect on empowerment.
{"title":"Adolescent girls’ empowerment policy, health awareness, and decision-making: Evidence from the SABLA program in India","authors":"Modjgan Alishahi , Samira Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In India, adolescent girls are highly vulnerable, facing risks that hinder their healthy development into young women. India’s Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABLA) aims to address these challenges by promoting health awareness and encouraging decision-making autonomy, fostering women’s development. Using data from the nationally representative India Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) and exploiting exogenous variations in the program’s rollout across districts and birth cohorts, we provide evidence that exposure to SABLA increases the likelihood of young female participants using family planning and modern family planning methods. Furthermore, it indicates that participants are more likely to adopt a healthier diet, characterized by increased consumption of green leafy vegetables and reduced intake of fried foods. Additionally, the program empowers participants to have control over their financial resources. The findings also reveal a significant reduction in the likelihood of anemia among women who were exposed to the program. Notably, our results suggest that SABLA contributes to delaying women’s marriage and their first childbirth. We find that women exposed to the program have fewer children than their counterparts and face fewer pregnancy losses. To account for COVID-19 disruptions, we include a COVID dummy variable. While the pandemic affected family planning, nutrition, and anemia, SABLA’s positive impact on health and empowerment remains strong. Notably, it did not affect women’s role in household decision-making, highlighting its lasting effect on empowerment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101462
Giulia Montresor , Lucia Schiavon
Exploiting high-frequency vaccination data for COVID-19 and social capital measures at the municipal level in Italy between January and October 2021, this paper estimates the effect of social capital on vaccination compliance. We find that weekly vaccination coverage increased up to 1.60 percentage points more in municipalities with higher social capital. Results do not differ by gender and the effect is mainly driven by younger generations. Our findings shed light on the role of social capital as a driver of health protective behavior.
{"title":"Social capital and vaccination compliance: Evidence from Italy","authors":"Giulia Montresor , Lucia Schiavon","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploiting high-frequency vaccination data for COVID-19 and social capital measures at the municipal level in Italy between January and October 2021, this paper estimates the effect of social capital on vaccination compliance. We find that weekly vaccination coverage increased up to 1.60 percentage points more in municipalities with higher social capital. Results do not differ by gender and the effect is mainly driven by younger generations. Our findings shed light on the role of social capital as a driver of health protective behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101473
Kushneel Prakash , Sanjesh Kumar
We empirically investigate the link between parental smoking during childhood or adolescence and the probability of adult obesity. Utilizing data from Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Survey for Australia spanning 2006–2021, our analysis reveals that individuals who were exposed to parental smoking during their childhood exhibit a 4.7 percentage point higher likelihood of being obese in later stages of life. Several robustness checks indicate that the results can be suggestive of a causal relationship. Our findings indicate that health, social capital, and personality traits act as significant pathways through which early exposure to parental smoking during childhood raises the risk of adult obesity. The implications of our findings are significant for early-life interventions aimed at addressing obesity stemming from exposure to passive smoking.
{"title":"Smoking to your kids gain? Childhood exposure to parental smoking and obesity","authors":"Kushneel Prakash , Sanjesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We empirically investigate the link between parental smoking during childhood or adolescence and the probability of adult obesity. Utilizing data from Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Survey for Australia spanning 2006–2021, our analysis reveals that individuals who were exposed to parental smoking during their childhood exhibit a 4.7 percentage point higher likelihood of being obese in later stages of life. Several robustness checks indicate that the results can be suggestive of a causal relationship. Our findings indicate that health, social capital, and personality traits act as significant pathways through which early exposure to parental smoking during childhood raises the risk of adult obesity. The implications of our findings are significant for early-life interventions aimed at addressing obesity stemming from exposure to passive smoking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101461
Chih Ming Tan , Xiaobo Zhang , Xin Zhang
We study the effects of early exposure to the Great Chinese Famine on the mental health and subjective well-being of survivors as well as their offspring using data from the 2010 and 2014 waves of the China Family Panel Studies. Our analysis focuses on K6 scores, severe mental illness, and life dissatisfaction. We find that early exposure to the famine has impaired the mental health outcomes of women, but not men (i.e., the first generation). For the second generation, negative effects only show up among the sons of male famine survivors. Some preliminary evidence suggests that the mechanism for such transmission may have to do with the cultural son preference.
{"title":"The long-run and intergenerational impact of early exposure to the Great Chinese Famine of 1959–61 on mental health","authors":"Chih Ming Tan , Xiaobo Zhang , Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the effects of early exposure to the Great Chinese Famine on the mental health and subjective well-being of survivors as well as their offspring using data from the 2010 and 2014 waves of the China Family Panel Studies. Our analysis focuses on K6 scores, severe mental illness, and life dissatisfaction. We find that early exposure to the famine has impaired the mental health outcomes of women, but not men (i.e., the first generation). For the second generation, negative effects only show up among the sons of male famine survivors. Some preliminary evidence suggests that the mechanism for such transmission may have to do with the cultural son preference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101465
Donatella Lanari , Andrea Crippa , Luca Pieroni
This paper examines internal migrant selection in Italy using individual height data from the 1951 and 1980 birth cohorts of military conscripts. Information on both place of birth and residence of conscripts allows us to compare migrants’ heights to the height distributions of their non-migrant peers at the national level and to their populations of origin. Results suggest that migrants from southern Italy were negatively selected at the national level, while a positive selection in height emerged if compared to conscripts who remained in their macro-area of origin. Additionally, we found that migrants from shorter and economically disadvantaged southern regions exhibited a more positive self-selection in terms of education, occupation and health status. These findings remained consistent when using body mass index as an alternative anthropometric outcome or accounting for the North-South return migration in the more recent birth cohort of conscripts.
{"title":"Height self-selection of internal migrants in Italy in the second half of the twentieth century","authors":"Donatella Lanari , Andrea Crippa , Luca Pieroni","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines internal migrant selection in Italy using individual height data from the 1951 and 1980 birth cohorts of military conscripts. Information on both place of birth and residence of conscripts allows us to compare migrants’ heights to the height distributions of their non-migrant peers at the national level and to their populations of origin. Results suggest that migrants from southern Italy were negatively selected at the national level, while a positive selection in height emerged if compared to conscripts who remained in their macro-area of origin. Additionally, we found that migrants from shorter and economically disadvantaged southern regions exhibited a more positive self-selection in terms of education, occupation and health status. These findings remained consistent when using body mass index as an alternative anthropometric outcome or accounting for the North-South return migration in the more recent birth cohort of conscripts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101460
Ioannis Laliotis , Evangelos Mourelatos , Joona Lohtander
We explore how religiosity influences perceptions and the adoption of protective health behaviours, as reflected in COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates. In the first part of our analysis, we use Finnish data from four nationally representative surveys, we find that individuals with higher self-reported religiosity and those from more conservative religious groups tend to hold less favourable attitudes towards science, technology and medicine, compared to non-religious individuals. In the second part, we observe that municipalities with higher shares of conservative religious groups experienced greater COVID-19 spread and lower vaccination rates, with these trends persisting throughout the pandemic. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for religiosity when crafting public health policies, as it may contribute to the existence of non-compliance hotspots.
{"title":"Religiosity, attitudes toward science, and public health: Evidence from Finland","authors":"Ioannis Laliotis , Evangelos Mourelatos , Joona Lohtander","doi":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore how religiosity influences perceptions and the adoption of protective health behaviours, as reflected in COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates. In the first part of our analysis, we use Finnish data from four nationally representative surveys, we find that individuals with higher self-reported religiosity and those from more conservative religious groups tend to hold less favourable attitudes towards science, technology and medicine, compared to non-religious individuals. In the second part, we observe that municipalities with higher shares of conservative religious groups experienced greater COVID-19 spread and lower vaccination rates, with these trends persisting throughout the pandemic. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for religiosity when crafting public health policies, as it may contribute to the existence of non-compliance hotspots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50554,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Human Biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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