Economics & Human Biology最新文献

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Shattered ground, shaken minds: Mental health consequences of earthquakes 破碎的土地，动摇的心灵：地震对心理健康的影响

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101448

Andika Ridha Ayu Perdana , Judit Vall Castelló

Despite growing recognition of the importance of mental health status for the achievement of the global development goals, substantial challenges persist in addressing this issue in both developed and developing countries. The literature has pointed to a variety of conditions as triggers for mental health problems, including exposure to unexpected natural disasters. Contributing to the literature, our study quantifies the mental health consequences of the devastating 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake in Indonesia. We combine the Modified Mercalli Intensity from the United States Geological Survey with individual-level data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey to assess the impacts on municipalities with varying earthquake intensities. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we identify a significant and persistent deterioration in the mental health condition for individuals in municipalities with stronger earthquake severity. To explore the mechanisms underlying this impact, we analyze the roles of family casualties, physical health declines, and socio-economic disruptions, identifying family loss and worsened physical health as particularly influential factors driving the observed mental health outcomes.

尽管人们日益认识到心理健康状况对实现全球发展目标的重要性，但发达国家和发展中国家在解决这一问题方面仍然面临重大挑战。文献指出，各种情况都是引发心理健康问题的诱因，包括暴露在意外的自然灾害中。在文献中，我们的研究量化了2006年印度尼西亚日惹大地震对心理健康的影响。我们将美国地质调查局的修正Mercalli烈度与印度尼西亚家庭生活调查的个人层面数据结合起来，评估地震对不同烈度城市的影响。采用差异中的差异方法，我们确定了地震严重程度较强的城市中个人心理健康状况的显著和持续恶化。为了探索这种影响背后的机制，我们分析了家庭伤亡、身体健康下降和社会经济中断的作用，确定家庭损失和身体健康恶化是驱动观察到的心理健康结果的特别影响因素。

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引用次数: 0

Does early-life famine exposure lead to healthy later-life dietary behavior: Evidence from the great Chinese famine 早年遭受饥荒是否会导致晚年健康的饮食行为？来自中国大饥荒的证据。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101446

Yiru Wang , Ting Shi , Wenbin Zang

This paper investigates the long-run effect of early-life exposure to famine on survivors’ dietary behavior. By exploiting exogenous variations in local severity of the Great Chinese Famine and variations of different cohorts, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis. Based on detailed three-day food intake records from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that famine exposure led the famine cohort who was conceived or born during the famine to adopt healthier dietary behaviors, as evidenced by a higher healthy eating score and a healthier dietary composition. Additionally, the pre-famine cohort exposed to the famine at ages 9–12 in late childhood exhibited a healthier food composition, characterized by a higher share of aquatic products. However, no statistically significant effects were observed for the pre-famine cohorts that experienced the famine in early and middle childhood. The results remain robust across various sensitivity checks. We propose that early-life famine exposure influences dietary behavior through mechanisms such as awareness of healthy eating, diet knowledge and risk aversion.

本文研究了早年遭受饥荒对幸存者饮食行为的长期影响。通过利用中国大饥荒当地严重程度的外生差异和不同队列的差异，我们进行了差异分析。根据中国健康与营养调查的三天食物摄入量详细记录，我们发现饥荒导致在饥荒期间怀孕或出生的饥荒人群采取了更健康的饮食行为，这表现在更高的健康饮食评分和更健康的饮食结构。此外，9-12 岁儿童晚期遭受饥荒的饥荒前队列表现出更健康的食物构成，其特点是水产品的比例更高。然而，对于在儿童早期和中期经历过饥荒的饥荒前人群来说，在统计上没有观察到明显的影响。通过各种敏感性检验，结果仍然是稳健的。我们认为，幼年时期的饥荒经历会通过健康饮食意识、饮食知识和风险规避等机制影响饮食行为。

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引用次数: 0

Employee well-being in the digital age: Assessing the impacts of a smartphone application in the workplace 数字时代的员工福利：评估智能手机应用程序对工作场所的影响。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101445

Toshiaki Aizawa , Hiroko Okudaira , Ritsu Kitagawa , Sachiko Kuroda , Hideo Owan

Recently, providing smartphone-based health-improving applications to employees has emerged as a promising strategy for sustaining their well-being. This study estimates the impact of the routine use of an application, introduced in 2020 by a Japanese manufacturing company, on various health-related behaviours and outcomes among employees by exploiting a distinctive large-scale longitudinal dataset and personnel records. The analysis addresses potential selection biases arising from the non-random nature of application usage by employing the instrumental variable approach. Regular application use generates significant positive impacts on health-related habits, including moderate alcohol consumption, regular breakfast intake and refraining from eating two hours before bedtime. Furthermore, regarding physical and psychological stress, noteworthy reductions in physical burden and less frequent experiences of annoyance are observed. Employees also report a lower frequency of dizziness, headaches and palpitations, albeit an increase in the frequency of strained eyes is noted. Additionally, application use is associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as decreased levels of triglycerides and gamma-GTP.

近来，为员工提供基于智能手机的健康改善应用软件已成为一项很有前途的维持员工健康的策略。本研究利用独特的大规模纵向数据集和人事记录，估算了一家日本制造企业于 2020 年推出的应用程序的常规使用对员工各种健康相关行为和结果的影响。分析采用工具变量法，解决了因应用程序使用的非随机性而产生的潜在选择偏差。定期使用应用程序对健康相关习惯产生了显著的积极影响，包括适量饮酒、定时吃早餐和睡前两小时不进食。此外，在生理和心理压力方面，值得注意的是，员工的身体负担减轻了，烦恼的频率也降低了。员工还报告说，头晕、头痛和心悸的频率降低了，但眼睛疲劳的频率增加了。此外，应用程序的使用与收缩压和舒张压的降低以及甘油三酯和γ-GTP 水平的下降有关。

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引用次数: 0

Fiscal externalities and underinvestment in early-life human capital: Optimal policy instruments for a developing country 财政外部性与生命早期人力资本投资不足：发展中国家的最佳政策工具

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101444

Nicholas Lawson , Dean Spears

We study policy instruments to correct inefficiently low investment in maternal nutrition in India, where one-fifth of all births occur. We focus on fiscal externalities: healthier babies become more productive adults, who pay more tax. However, parents do not internalize this externality, which, combined with other distortions, results in mothers weighing too little during pregnancy. We calibrate the first sufficient-statistics policy model for the quantitatively important case of fiscal externalities and maternal nutrition in developing countries. The optimal subsidy is large. Yet, welfare gains are even greater from public investment in state capacity to monitor nutrition, enabling targetted incentives.

在印度，五分之一的新生儿出生在孕产妇身上，我们研究了纠正孕产妇营养投资不足的政策工具。我们将重点放在财政外部性上：更健康的婴儿会成为更有生产力的成年人，他们会缴纳更多的税。然而，父母并没有将这种外部性内部化，再加上其他扭曲因素，导致母亲在怀孕期间体重过轻。我们针对发展中国家财政外部性和孕产妇营养这一重要的定量案例，校准了第一个充分统计政策模型。最佳补贴额度很大。然而，如果对国家监测营养状况的能力进行公共投资，采取有针对性的激励措施，福利收益会更大。

引用次数: 0

Teen parent trap? The education and labor implications of motherhood and fatherhood during the transition from adolescence to adulthood in Cebu, the Philippines 青少年父母陷阱？在菲律宾宿务，从青春期向成年过渡期间，母亲和父亲身份对教育和劳动的影响。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101443

Kritika Sen Chakraborty , Kira M. Villa

For both males and females, adolescent parenthood can affect human capital investments and labor market choices during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. However, only scant evidence exists on the educational and labor implications of adolescent motherhood in developing countries and there is none on adolescent fatherhood. Using fixed effects, linear, and hazard models on a matched sample, we examine the association between early parenthood and education and labor market outcomes for a cohort of adolescents using longitudinal data from Cebu, the Philippines. While we find that early parenthood is associated with poorer educational outcomes for both teen mothers and fathers, the association is stronger for mothers. Upon becoming parents, labor market participation reduces for teen mothers but increases for teen fathers. Teen parents (both mothers and fathers) face a higher hazard of leaving school early, but teen fathers exhibit a substantially higher hazard of entering the labor market earlier. In young adulthood, conditional on working, both teen mothers and fathers are more likely to be informally employed. This paper highlights the potential gains from delaying first childbirth for adolescent males and females.

无论是男性还是女性，在从青春期向成年期过渡的过程中，青春期为人父母都会影响人力资本投资和劳动力市场的选择。然而，在发展中国家，关于青春期母亲身份对教育和劳动力的影响的证据很少，而关于青春期父亲身份的证据也不多。我们利用菲律宾宿务的纵向数据，通过匹配样本的固定效应、线性和危险模型，研究了早育与青少年教育和劳动力市场结果之间的关系。我们发现，早育与未成年母亲和父亲较差的教育结果都有关联，但母亲的关联性更强。为人父母后，未成年母亲的劳动力市场参与度降低，但未成年父亲的劳动力市场参与度提高。未成年父母（包括母亲和父亲）提前离开学校的风险较高，但未成年父亲提前进入劳动力市场的风险要高得多。在青年时期，如果有工作，未成年母亲和父亲都更有可能从事非正式工作。本文强调了推迟初次生育对青少年男性和女性的潜在益处。

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引用次数: 0

The physical well-being of Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest: Anthropometric evidence from British Columbia’s jails, 1864–1913 西北太平洋地区土著社区的身体健康：1864-1913 年不列颠哥伦比亚省监狱的人体测量学证据。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101442

Kris Inwood , Ian Keay

This paper documents the height of Indigenous men from the Pacific Northwest who were incarcerated in British Columbia’s jails during a period of colonization and increasing market access. The average height of adults from a given community reflects the standard of living in that community at the time the adults were growing to maturity. After correcting for the impact of sample selection arising from prisoners’ personal attributes, their home communities’ access to market opportunities, and unobserved height determinants associated with exposure to the colonial criminal justice system, we find that Indigenous men were positively selected into incarceration based on their height. Moreover, the tendency for the tallest men to be incarcerated became stronger over our period of study. Our results suggest that Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest were at a severe bioeconomic disadvantage during the nineteenth century, and their well-being did not improve as market access and colonial institutions spread through the region.

本文记录了在殖民化和市场准入不断扩大的时期，被关押在不列颠哥伦比亚省监狱的西北太平洋地区土著男子的身高。特定社区成年人的平均身高反映了成年人成长成熟时该社区的生活水平。在校正了因囚犯的个人属性、其家乡社区的市场机会以及与殖民时期刑事司法系统相关的未观察到的身高决定因素而产生的样本选择影响后，我们发现，土著男性因身高而被正向选择入狱。而且，在我们的研究期间，身高最高的男性被监禁的趋势越来越强。我们的研究结果表明，西北太平洋地区的土著社区在 19 世纪处于严重的生物经济劣势，他们的福祉并没有随着市场准入和殖民制度在该地区的传播而得到改善。

引用次数: 0

Discrimination backfires? Minority ethnic disparities in vaccine hesitancy 歧视适得其反？少数族裔在疫苗接种犹豫不决方面的差异。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101441

Joan Costa-Font, Fatima Docrat

A number of minority ethnic groups (MEGs) exhibited persistent reluctance to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. This paper attempts to empirically identify and validate some of the contentious behavioral determinants for vaccine hesitancy (VH) that remain unexplained including the role of risk perceptions, trust in government institutions, and prior experiences of racism and trauma. We draw on unique longitudinal data from a minority-boosted sample that was collected in the United Kingdon (UK). We document robust evidence of MEG disparities in VH, which declined between November 2020 and March 2021. While VH is associated to both historical and current distrust in government, risk beliefs, exposure to racism, and an individuals socio-economic background, these factors do not fully explain MEG disparities. Furthermore, similar patterns of inequality are observed when we examine MEG disparities in healthcare use, suggesting that disparities in VH reflect broader unobservable structural barriers to healthcare access.

一些少数民族（MEGs）一直不愿接种 COVID-19 疫苗。本文试图通过实证研究确定疫苗犹豫不决（VH）的一些有争议的行为决定因素，这些因素仍未得到解释，其中包括风险认知的作用、对政府机构的信任以及先前的种族主义和创伤经历。我们借鉴了在英国收集到的少数族裔样本的独特纵向数据。我们记录了在 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 3 月期间，MEG 在 VH 方面存在差异的有力证据。虽然 VH 与历史上和当前对政府的不信任、风险信念、遭受种族主义以及个人的社会经济背景有关，但这些因素并不能完全解释 MEG 的差异。此外，当我们研究医疗保健使用方面的 MEG 差异时，也观察到了类似的不平等模式，这表明 VH 差异反映了医疗保健使用方面更广泛的不可观察的结构性障碍。

引用次数: 0

Health benefits of air pollution reduction: Evidence from economic slowdown in India 减少空气污染对健康的益处：印度经济放缓的证据。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101437

Olexiy Kyrychenko

This paper evaluates health benefits associated with the impact of air pollution reduction on infant mortality in India. Leveraging plausibly exogenous geographic variation in air pollution due to the post-2010 economic slowdown—a period largely overlooked in the literature—I find that improvements in air quality resulted in a significant decline in infant mortality, particularly through respiratory diseases and biological pathways such as in utero and post-birth exposure. The associated health benefits correspond to 1338 saved infant lives, translating to monetary gains of $312.5 million. The paper advances our understanding of the link between air pollution and human health in settings with elevated air pollution and suboptimal regulatory frameworks.

本文评估了减少空气污染对印度婴儿死亡率的影响所带来的健康益处。利用 2010 年后经济放缓导致的空气污染的合理外生地理差异--这一时期在文献中大多被忽视--我发现，空气质量的改善导致婴儿死亡率显著下降，尤其是通过呼吸系统疾病以及子宫内和出生后暴露等生物途径。相关的健康效益相当于挽救了 1338 个婴儿的生命，带来了 3.125 亿美元的经济收益。在空气污染严重、监管框架不完善的环境中，该论文加深了我们对空气污染与人类健康之间联系的理解。

引用次数: 0

Social inequalities in adult mortality across Europe (18th-21st centuries): A critical analysis of theories and evidence 欧洲成人死亡率的社会不平等（18 世纪至 21 世纪）：对理论和证据的批判性分析。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101438

Víctor Antonio Luque de Haro

This study examines the historical evolution of socioeconomic disparities in adult mortality, with a focus on European societies. Despite the widespread improvements in population health, social inequalities in mortality are a pervasive phenomenon nowadays. This paper employs a critical analysis of both theoretical and empirical literature to investigate major international studies and their findings on longevity differences associated with socioeconomic status from the nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. Findings reveal that adult mortality trajectories have differed notably across social classes and regions, with some areas exhibiting disparities before the demographic transition and others showing inequalities emerging later. Understanding these long-term health inequality trends sheds light on the changing influence of medical advances and their interplay with economic growth, educational disparities, environmental factors, state roles, and production distribution, which have shaped mortality disparities through different development stages. These factors elucidate the international heterogeneity of results until the mid-twentieth century and offer explanatory insights into observed north-south patterns in Europe. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how advancements in public health, economic development, and social policies have shaped health outcomes over centuries. The implications of this research inform ongoing debates and health policy, emphasizing a nuanced interpretation of historical data to craft effective strategies that address health inequalities today.

本研究以欧洲社会为重点，探讨了成人死亡率中社会经济差异的历史演变。尽管人口健康状况得到了普遍改善，但死亡率方面的社会不平等仍是当今普遍存在的现象。本文通过对理论和实证文献的批判性分析，研究了 19 世纪至 21 世纪初与社会经济地位相关的长寿差异的主要国际研究及其发现。研究结果表明，不同社会阶层和地区的成人死亡率轨迹存在明显差异，一些地区在人口结构转型之前就存在差异，而另一些地区则在转型之后才出现不平等现象。通过了解这些长期的健康不平等趋势，我们可以发现医学进步不断变化的影响，以及它们与经济增长、教育差距、环境因素、国家角色和生产分配之间的相互作用，这些因素在不同的发展阶段形成了死亡率差距。这些因素阐明了二十世纪中期之前的国际异质性结果，并为观察到的欧洲南北模式提供了解释性见解。我们的研究结果有助于人们更深入地了解公共卫生、经济发展和社会政策的进步是如何在几个世纪中塑造健康结果的。这项研究的意义为当前的辩论和卫生政策提供了参考，强调对历史数据进行细致入微的解读，以制定有效的战略来解决当今的卫生不平等问题。

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High temperatures and traffic accident crimes: Evidence from more than 470,000 offenses in China 高温与交通事故犯罪：来自中国 47 万多起交通事故的证据。

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Economics & Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101440

Meng Wang, Shiying Zhang

How does climate change affect road safety? This study examines the impacts of high temperatures on the crime of causing traffic casualties based on comprehensive data covering more than 470,000 offenses from verdicts published by Chinese courts. Using 2014–2018 city-level daily panel data, we find that a day with a daily maximum temperature above 100 °F leads to a significant 11.9 % increase in traffic accident crime compared with days with a mild temperature. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that people aged 45 and above, samples on weekdays, and samples in regions with high population densities are more vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat. More importantly, we find no lagged or cumulative effects and little evidence of adaptation. Finally, by using traffic congestion index data, we observe that drivers can engage in avoidance behavior on hot days, suggesting that our estimates may provide a lower bound on the effect of extreme heat on traffic accident crime.

气候变化如何影响道路安全？本研究基于中国法院公布的 47 万多份判决书中的综合数据，探讨了高温对交通肇事犯罪的影响。通过使用 2014-2018 年城市级日面板数据，我们发现，与气温温和的日子相比，日最高气温超过 100 °F 的日子会导致交通事故犯罪率大幅上升 11.9%。异质性分析表明，45 岁及以上人群、工作日样本以及人口密度高的地区样本更容易受到极端高温的影响。更重要的是，我们没有发现滞后或累积效应，也几乎没有适应的证据。最后，通过使用交通拥堵指数数据，我们观察到驾驶员在高温天会采取回避行为，这表明我们的估计可能提供了极端高温对交通事故犯罪影响的下限。

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