Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-146-170
E. S. Titova
Existing technological structure transformation taking place in Russia and many other countries includes, in particular, bioeconomy development, which is based on the widespread modern biotechnologies using necessary to ensure national technological sovereignty. In order to analyze bioeconomy introduction and development prospects in Russian regions, which differ significantly in economic activity specifics, this article studied the relevant growth poles, considering qualified personnel availability, as well as organizational solutions used to optimize scientific and pedagogical work. The research was carried out using a quantitative analysis of regional location specially formed in Russia scientific, technical, educational and production facilities (as centers of concentration of scientific research and technology transfer), as well as leading specialized universities. The data obtained are compared with the students` from a number of universities survey on the biotechnologies creation and using.
{"title":"The Role of Biotechnologies in Russian Regions Growth Poles Development","authors":"E. S. Titova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-146-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-146-170","url":null,"abstract":"Existing technological structure transformation taking place in Russia and many other countries includes, in particular, bioeconomy development, which is based on the widespread modern biotechnologies using necessary to ensure national technological sovereignty. In order to analyze bioeconomy introduction and development prospects in Russian regions, which differ significantly in economic activity specifics, this article studied the relevant growth poles, considering qualified personnel availability, as well as organizational solutions used to optimize scientific and pedagogical work. The research was carried out using a quantitative analysis of regional location specially formed in Russia scientific, technical, educational and production facilities (as centers of concentration of scientific research and technology transfer), as well as leading specialized universities. The data obtained are compared with the students` from a number of universities survey on the biotechnologies creation and using.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"103 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-111-127
L. Lykova
The generally favorable situation with the implementation of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2023 is a result of the positive dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators, expressed in an increase in tax revenues of budgets. In the context of generally high growth rates of tax revenues, the federal transfers showed a slight nominal increase. In most regions, there has been a reduction in federal transfer recеipts, which may indirectly indicate an emerging revision of the existing model of inter-budgetary relations. There is a certain dependence of the dynamics of transfers on the dynamics of tax revenues and the availability of funds (last year’s surpluses) in the budget accounts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The structure of tax revenues by type of economic activity has not yet shown significant changes. There is a pronounced decrease in the share of wholesale and retail trade, against the background of an increase in the share of the financial sector and extractive activities. Expenditures of regional budgets in 2 023 grew more actively than revenues, which led to the formation of a deficit in the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The differing growth rates of budget expenditures have the consequence of the continued concentration of regional-level expenditures in a relatively narrow group of the most powerful regions in terms of economic potential. The increase in the volume of accumulated state subfederal debt occurs in conditions of active substitution of market forms of debt obligations with loans from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Results of 2023 for Regional Budgets. Is the Restructuring of the Economy Visible?","authors":"L. Lykova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-111-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-111-127","url":null,"abstract":"The generally favorable situation with the implementation of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2023 is a result of the positive dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators, expressed in an increase in tax revenues of budgets. In the context of generally high growth rates of tax revenues, the federal transfers showed a slight nominal increase. In most regions, there has been a reduction in federal transfer recеipts, which may indirectly indicate an emerging revision of the existing model of inter-budgetary relations. There is a certain dependence of the dynamics of transfers on the dynamics of tax revenues and the availability of funds (last year’s surpluses) in the budget accounts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The structure of tax revenues by type of economic activity has not yet shown significant changes. There is a pronounced decrease in the share of wholesale and retail trade, against the background of an increase in the share of the financial sector and extractive activities. Expenditures of regional budgets in 2 023 grew more actively than revenues, which led to the formation of a deficit in the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The differing growth rates of budget expenditures have the consequence of the continued concentration of regional-level expenditures in a relatively narrow group of the most powerful regions in terms of economic potential. The increase in the volume of accumulated state subfederal debt occurs in conditions of active substitution of market forms of debt obligations with loans from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-77-95
V. Bobkov, E. Odintsova
The problem of compliance of the wage level of employees with social standards of living standards, having undoubted regional features, is relevant for all subjects of the Russian Federation. When determining the wage of organizations funded from regional budgets, we believe they should proceed from the general methodological basis for determining its size. In the article is analyzed the situation with the wage level of employees in the sector of organizations, which is the main segment of Russian employment. It has been revealed that the level of wages most strongly affects its quality and is one of the main indicators of precarious employment. The peculiarities of the distribution of employees by wage level are revealed, depending on the level of qualification of employees and their working conditions, taking into account the forms of ownership and the size of organizations. Based on the author’s tools, the analysis of the impact of wage levels on the economic sustainability of households due to (not) achieving socially acceptable and higher standards of living is carried out. It is shown that for more than 80% of employees, the wage level currently does not allow to ensure such standards. A radical increase in the wage level is proposed based on the development of industry-specific social wage standards. This will improve the quality of employment: reduce the scale of precarious employment, link the level of wages with the qualifications of employees and their working conditions, taking into account the characteristics of sectors of the Russian economy, as well as significantly increase the economic sustainability of households.
{"title":"The Impact of Wage Levels on the Quality of Employment and Economic Sustainability of Households","authors":"V. Bobkov, E. Odintsova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-77-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-77-95","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of compliance of the wage level of employees with social standards of living standards, having undoubted regional features, is relevant for all subjects of the Russian Federation. When determining the wage of organizations funded from regional budgets, we believe they should proceed from the general methodological basis for determining its size. In the article is analyzed the situation with the wage level of employees in the sector of organizations, which is the main segment of Russian employment. It has been revealed that the level of wages most strongly affects its quality and is one of the main indicators of precarious employment. The peculiarities of the distribution of employees by wage level are revealed, depending on the level of qualification of employees and their working conditions, taking into account the forms of ownership and the size of organizations. Based on the author’s tools, the analysis of the impact of wage levels on the economic sustainability of households due to (not) achieving socially acceptable and higher standards of living is carried out. It is shown that for more than 80% of employees, the wage level currently does not allow to ensure such standards. A radical increase in the wage level is proposed based on the development of industry-specific social wage standards. This will improve the quality of employment: reduce the scale of precarious employment, link the level of wages with the qualifications of employees and their working conditions, taking into account the characteristics of sectors of the Russian economy, as well as significantly increase the economic sustainability of households.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-96-110
E. A. Lyashenko, A. D. Zhukovskii
Today, the development of economic systems is taking place in an era of transformations that lead to the formation of new economic models. Russia is no exception here. The main impetus for the transformation processes in our country’s economy was the anti-Russian sanctions directly related to political events from the United States, Canada, European and other countries. All this poses threats to Russia’s political, economic and social security. Therefore, in modern realities caused by sanctions pressure, the key strategic task of overcoming crisis phenomena and shocks is the formation of a new industrialization based on domestic innovations. It is important to assess the innovative potential of the regions in order to further develop management decisions. The authors proposed and tested a methodological approach to assessing the level of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The algorithm of this approach includes sampling official statistical data, determining localization coefficients, averaging and evaluating their dynamics. It was determined that in the period 2011-2022, less than a third of Russian regions improved their economic efficiency and innovation localization indicators. The leading regions of innovative development have a high level of localization of the studied characteristics. Regions characterized by low localization coefficients are traditionally lagging behind and have low indicators of economic, including innovative development. The problems of innovative development of regions under the influence of transformational processes are very multidimensional, therefore, in the limited space of this article, only an assessment of innovative development based on the author’s methodological approach is given.
{"title":"Assessment of Innovative Development of Regions in the Context of Structural Transformation of the Economy","authors":"E. A. Lyashenko, A. D. Zhukovskii","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-96-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-96-110","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the development of economic systems is taking place in an era of transformations that lead to the formation of new economic models. Russia is no exception here. The main impetus for the transformation processes in our country’s economy was the anti-Russian sanctions directly related to political events from the United States, Canada, European and other countries. All this poses threats to Russia’s political, economic and social security. Therefore, in modern realities caused by sanctions pressure, the key strategic task of overcoming crisis phenomena and shocks is the formation of a new industrialization based on domestic innovations. It is important to assess the innovative potential of the regions in order to further develop management decisions. The authors proposed and tested a methodological approach to assessing the level of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The algorithm of this approach includes sampling official statistical data, determining localization coefficients, averaging and evaluating their dynamics. It was determined that in the period 2011-2022, less than a third of Russian regions improved their economic efficiency and innovation localization indicators. The leading regions of innovative development have a high level of localization of the studied characteristics. Regions characterized by low localization coefficients are traditionally lagging behind and have low indicators of economic, including innovative development. The problems of innovative development of regions under the influence of transformational processes are very multidimensional, therefore, in the limited space of this article, only an assessment of innovative development based on the author’s methodological approach is given.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"16 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-128-145
I. S. Bukina
In 2023, the Russian economy recovered relatively quickly, despite the persistence of geopolitical tensions, the risks of new sanctions and the deterioration of the global situation. This has a beneficial effect on the results of budget execution of the budget system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the question remains whether there is a transformation of the influence of external and internal factors on the state of budgets and fiscal policy. An analysis of the results for 2023 and their comparison with 2021 showed that the nominal stabilization of oil and gas revenues of the federal budget, the growth of non-oil and gas revenues and the resumption of the fiscal rule are occurring against the backdrop of an increase in the tax burden and expenses. The increase in expenditures related to defense, security and related social payments is accompanied by a reduction in civilian expenditures of the federal budget and an increase in both the federal internal debt and the debt of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Results of Budget and Tax Policy in the New Conditions","authors":"I. S. Bukina","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-128-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-128-145","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, the Russian economy recovered relatively quickly, despite the persistence of geopolitical tensions, the risks of new sanctions and the deterioration of the global situation. This has a beneficial effect on the results of budget execution of the budget system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the question remains whether there is a transformation of the influence of external and internal factors on the state of budgets and fiscal policy. An analysis of the results for 2023 and their comparison with 2021 showed that the nominal stabilization of oil and gas revenues of the federal budget, the growth of non-oil and gas revenues and the resumption of the fiscal rule are occurring against the backdrop of an increase in the tax burden and expenses. The increase in expenditures related to defense, security and related social payments is accompanied by a reduction in civilian expenditures of the federal budget and an increase in both the federal internal debt and the debt of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"31 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-171-183
P. A. Lopatina
The market economy is subject to cyclical changes, which significantly affects the financial condition of companies. Periods of growth are followed by periods of economic crises and stagnation. These periods are accompanied by both an increase in the number of companies and their financial stability, and their sharp decline, including the loss of financial solvency. In order to analyze the dynamics and industry specifics of the number of bankruptcies, the article examines the statistics of company bankruptcies in the Russian Federation from 2017 to 2023. This time period includes the pre-pandemic, pandemic (COVID-19) and post-pandemic periods, in each of which factors characteristic of each period affecting economic turbulence have been identified. The author analyzes not only the quantitative dynamics of company bankruptcies, but also the regional and industry specifics of company bankruptcies in the analyzed period.
{"title":"Bankruptcy of Companies in the Russian Federation in the Covid and Post-Covid Periods","authors":"P. A. Lopatina","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-171-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-171-183","url":null,"abstract":"The market economy is subject to cyclical changes, which significantly affects the financial condition of companies. Periods of growth are followed by periods of economic crises and stagnation. These periods are accompanied by both an increase in the number of companies and their financial stability, and their sharp decline, including the loss of financial solvency. In order to analyze the dynamics and industry specifics of the number of bankruptcies, the article examines the statistics of company bankruptcies in the Russian Federation from 2017 to 2023. This time period includes the pre-pandemic, pandemic (COVID-19) and post-pandemic periods, in each of which factors characteristic of each period affecting economic turbulence have been identified. The author analyzes not only the quantitative dynamics of company bankruptcies, but also the regional and industry specifics of company bankruptcies in the analyzed period.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-5-20
E. V. Kiskin
Currently in Russia, lawmaking is carried out according to the model of tactical (ad hoc) response to changing situations, i.e. by introducing many local changes to legislation (for example, in 2023, 685 federal and 9 federal constitutional laws were adopted). At the same time, the speed and depth of transformations taking place in the world, as well as the increasing complexity of social relationships, require a transition to a strategic approach, i.e. to the purposeful construction of the future by legal means. The law-making strategy allows us to reduce the variability in the development of legal regulation, so its study is a matter of current interest. The article attempts to study the law-making strategy from the perspective of systemic methodology. This approach allows us to consider the strategy comprehensively, characterize its properties, functions, composition and structure, as well as relationships with the external environment. The theoretical conclusions are illustrated using the example of the formation of a spatial development strategy for Russia. This area of strategic planning is now especially relevant, since it is necessary to respond to new external (sanctions, reorientation of economic relations) and internal (increasing the number of subjects of the Federation, redistribution of logistics flows, the need to ensure technological sovereignty) challenges. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions about the need to institutionalize the law-making strategy and to ensure a systematic approach in its formation.
{"title":"Systematic Approach to the Construction of a Law-Making Strategy (Using the Example of Strategic Planning of Spatial Development in Russia)","authors":"E. V. Kiskin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-5-20","url":null,"abstract":"Currently in Russia, lawmaking is carried out according to the model of tactical (ad hoc) response to changing situations, i.e. by introducing many local changes to legislation (for example, in 2023, 685 federal and 9 federal constitutional laws were adopted). At the same time, the speed and depth of transformations taking place in the world, as well as the increasing complexity of social relationships, require a transition to a strategic approach, i.e. to the purposeful construction of the future by legal means. The law-making strategy allows us to reduce the variability in the development of legal regulation, so its study is a matter of current interest. The article attempts to study the law-making strategy from the perspective of systemic methodology. This approach allows us to consider the strategy comprehensively, characterize its properties, functions, composition and structure, as well as relationships with the external environment. The theoretical conclusions are illustrated using the example of the formation of a spatial development strategy for Russia. This area of strategic planning is now especially relevant, since it is necessary to respond to new external (sanctions, reorientation of economic relations) and internal (increasing the number of subjects of the Federation, redistribution of logistics flows, the need to ensure technological sovereignty) challenges. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions about the need to institutionalize the law-making strategy and to ensure a systematic approach in its formation.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-55-76
A. Petrikov
An important condition for economic growth in the agro-industrial complex and the rural economy is the mitigation of differentiation between regions in the level and quality of life of the rural population. Significant level of differentiation between regions prevents the formation of a single economic space of the country, including the creation of a single agrifood market, rational specialization of regions, generates excessive migration flows of the population, which negatively affects the staffing of agriculture and the entire rural economy. The article analyzes the level of differentiation between regions for such important indicators of the quality of life of the rural population as the total income of a household member, the unemployment rate, the share of the poor population, the share of comfortable housing, and life expectancy. It is concluded that there are significant territorial differences, as well as an increase in interregional differentiation for 2016–2021/22 for most of these indicators. Measures to overcome territorial differences are substantiated, including the wider use of a normative approach in rural policy, improving the mechanisms for the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in state rural development programs, and state support for depressed rural regions.
{"title":"Differences in the Quality of Life of the Rural Population between Regions and Ways to Overcome them","authors":"A. Petrikov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-55-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-55-76","url":null,"abstract":"An important condition for economic growth in the agro-industrial complex and the rural economy is the mitigation of differentiation between regions in the level and quality of life of the rural population. Significant level of differentiation between regions prevents the formation of a single economic space of the country, including the creation of a single agrifood market, rational specialization of regions, generates excessive migration flows of the population, which negatively affects the staffing of agriculture and the entire rural economy. The article analyzes the level of differentiation between regions for such important indicators of the quality of life of the rural population as the total income of a household member, the unemployment rate, the share of the poor population, the share of comfortable housing, and life expectancy. It is concluded that there are significant territorial differences, as well as an increase in interregional differentiation for 2016–2021/22 for most of these indicators. Measures to overcome territorial differences are substantiated, including the wider use of a normative approach in rural policy, improving the mechanisms for the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in state rural development programs, and state support for depressed rural regions.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-21-54
P. А. Orekhovsky, E. A. Kapoguzov
Incidents are increasingly occurring in schools, for which municipalities are being held responsible in Russia. Business makes complaints about the level of training of university graduates, which is a problem of coordinating the activities of the leadership of the constituent entities of the Federation with classical and technical universities. According to the authors, this is a consequence of the functioning of informal institutions that have developed in post-Soviet Russia in the field of education and science. Differences are determined by the different informal institutions that develop in these organizations. Such institutions are identified by insiders – employees and consumers of services (parents of pupils and students, students themselves), distinguishing between types of schools and universities. But their knowledge remains tacit and is not included in public discussion. From the point of view of officials responsible for the functioning of secondary and higher schools, some types of organizations highlighted in the work do not exist. Scientific activity began to be assessed on the basis of bibliometric indicators. But there is an international legal cartel operating in this area, which allows large publishing houses to maximize their income. Russian scientists spent about $ 10 million in 2020 to pay for the services of the publishing houses. The current system meets the needs of representatives of elite universities and schools, which is common for peripheral capitalism. At the same time, municipalities and Subjects of the Federation are very interested in changing the situation – minimizing the scope of “negative” informal institutions in schools, developing advanced scientific and educational centers in the regions.
{"title":"Political and Economic Discourses of Centralization and Decentralization: Education and Science in Russia","authors":"P. А. Orekhovsky, E. A. Kapoguzov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-21-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-1-21-54","url":null,"abstract":"Incidents are increasingly occurring in schools, for which municipalities are being held responsible in Russia. Business makes complaints about the level of training of university graduates, which is a problem of coordinating the activities of the leadership of the constituent entities of the Federation with classical and technical universities. According to the authors, this is a consequence of the functioning of informal institutions that have developed in post-Soviet Russia in the field of education and science. Differences are determined by the different informal institutions that develop in these organizations. Such institutions are identified by insiders – employees and consumers of services (parents of pupils and students, students themselves), distinguishing between types of schools and universities. But their knowledge remains tacit and is not included in public discussion. From the point of view of officials responsible for the functioning of secondary and higher schools, some types of organizations highlighted in the work do not exist. Scientific activity began to be assessed on the basis of bibliometric indicators. But there is an international legal cartel operating in this area, which allows large publishing houses to maximize their income. Russian scientists spent about $ 10 million in 2020 to pay for the services of the publishing houses. The current system meets the needs of representatives of elite universities and schools, which is common for peripheral capitalism. At the same time, municipalities and Subjects of the Federation are very interested in changing the situation – minimizing the scope of “negative” informal institutions in schools, developing advanced scientific and educational centers in the regions.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2023-4-22-34
D. Domaschenko, D. O. Anikin
One of the main ways for banks to implement activities within the ESG agenda is to issue green securities, the proceeds of which go to finance environmental projects. In turn, the nature of investments is reflected in the so-called discount on greenness or the greenium effect, which may scare away a potential investor. But the situation is different in the emerging green bond market in Russia. In this regard, an analysis of the main characteristics of green bonds of the Russian banking sector, as well as an assessment of their investment attractiveness in comparison with instruments of the classical type, offers an effective tool for the formation of long-term capital aimed at implementing the concept of sustainable development.
{"title":"Investment Attractiveness and Grinium Effect of Green Securities of the Russian Banking Sector","authors":"D. Domaschenko, D. O. Anikin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2023-4-22-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2023-4-22-34","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main ways for banks to implement activities within the ESG agenda is to issue green securities, the proceeds of which go to finance environmental projects. In turn, the nature of investments is reflected in the so-called discount on greenness or the greenium effect, which may scare away a potential investor. But the situation is different in the emerging green bond market in Russia. In this regard, an analysis of the main characteristics of green bonds of the Russian banking sector, as well as an assessment of their investment attractiveness in comparison with instruments of the classical type, offers an effective tool for the formation of long-term capital aimed at implementing the concept of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139167562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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