Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-5-31
V. N. Leksin, A. Shvetsov
Organic spatial development is possible under the condition of a reasonable combination of naturalness and regulation of spatially conditioned processes and phenomena. In different periods, the ratio of these principles is different. In Soviet times, spatial development was absolutely dominated by comprehensive directive state planning and management. In the 1990s of post-Soviet reforms, there was a sharp turn towards immoderate and spontaneous decentralization of the spatial organization of life. In the 2000s, counter-reforms began a rapid return to the strengthening of state regulation in this area, which in many respects turned out to be excessive in terms of tasks and costs and unjustified in expectations. The meaning and content, tools and planned results of the current state policy of spatial development are concentrated in the “Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025”, which claims to be a doctrinal document of modern regional policy. Its development and adoption were accompanied by a multitude of expert comments – from unconditionally apologetic to acutely critical. As the deadline for the end of the strategy approaches, a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness and effectiveness becomes relevant, especially in connection with the preparation of a new strategy until 2030. The authors see the cornerstone drawback of the current strategy in ignoring the systemic nature of the spatial organization of society, which should be interpreted as an anthropogenic megasystem with its inherent systemic features of integrity, structural organization, direct and reverse connections, with a powerful potential for natural self-organization and selfdevelopment, supplemented in the special transitional conditions of post-Soviet spatial transformations by the regulatory influence on them from the outside State. The authors also emphasize that due to the unprecedented post-Soviet transitional spatial realities, it is impossible to count on diligent study and direct borrowing of foreign experience, due to its inadequacy of the modern Russian situation.
{"title":"Natural and Regulative-Imperative in the Spatial Development of Russia","authors":"V. N. Leksin, A. Shvetsov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-5-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-5-31","url":null,"abstract":"Organic spatial development is possible under the condition of a reasonable combination of naturalness and regulation of spatially conditioned processes and phenomena. In different periods, the ratio of these principles is different. In Soviet times, spatial development was absolutely dominated by comprehensive directive state planning and management. In the 1990s of post-Soviet reforms, there was a sharp turn towards immoderate and spontaneous decentralization of the spatial organization of life. In the 2000s, counter-reforms began a rapid return to the strengthening of state regulation in this area, which in many respects turned out to be excessive in terms of tasks and costs and unjustified in expectations. The meaning and content, tools and planned results of the current state policy of spatial development are concentrated in the “Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025”, which claims to be a doctrinal document of modern regional policy. Its development and adoption were accompanied by a multitude of expert comments – from unconditionally apologetic to acutely critical. As the deadline for the end of the strategy approaches, a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness and effectiveness becomes relevant, especially in connection with the preparation of a new strategy until 2030. The authors see the cornerstone drawback of the current strategy in ignoring the systemic nature of the spatial organization of society, which should be interpreted as an anthropogenic megasystem with its inherent systemic features of integrity, structural organization, direct and reverse connections, with a powerful potential for natural self-organization and selfdevelopment, supplemented in the special transitional conditions of post-Soviet spatial transformations by the regulatory influence on them from the outside State. The authors also emphasize that due to the unprecedented post-Soviet transitional spatial realities, it is impossible to count on diligent study and direct borrowing of foreign experience, due to its inadequacy of the modern Russian situation.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-78-95
L. V. Dmitrieva
Currently, small towns in Russia are going through a difficult period due to changes in the economic situation, demographic trends and financial constraints. These factors have a significant impact on the lives of citizens and require in-depth study and analysis. The purpose of the study is to identify the general features of small forms of settlement as part of the regional socio-economic system for the further development of proposals for the formation of specific measures for the socio-economic development of small towns. The research was conducted on a sample of data from 82 regions of Russia for 2018–2022 according to 11 statistical hypotheses. The work used modern methods of statistical analysis, including testing the normality of distribution (ShapiroWilk statistics), equality of variances (Livigne criterion) and the method of statistical testing of hypotheses based on the Mann-Whitney test. Calculations were performed in the Python software environment using the NumPy and Pandas libraries for data preprocessing and SciPy and XlsxWriter for statistical analysis and export results. The following socio-economic indicators are considered: average per capita cash income of the population, gross regional product and investment in fixed capital per capita, average turnover of organizations and the share of the population with cash income below the subsistence level. It is shown that, within the framework of the existing administrative structure of regional governance, regions with different levels of urbanization have statistically significant differences in these indicators. At the same time, no such differences were found in relation to indicators such as expenditures and revenues of consolidated budgets per person, the total area of residential premises per inhabitant on average, the fertility rate, the population maturity index and the dynamics of population change over 10 years (2012-2022 inclusive).
{"title":"Characteristics of the Basic Socio-Economic Factors of the Development of Small Towns in Russia","authors":"L. V. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-78-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-78-95","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, small towns in Russia are going through a difficult period due to changes in the economic situation, demographic trends and financial constraints. These factors have a significant impact on the lives of citizens and require in-depth study and analysis. The purpose of the study is to identify the general features of small forms of settlement as part of the regional socio-economic system for the further development of proposals for the formation of specific measures for the socio-economic development of small towns. The research was conducted on a sample of data from 82 regions of Russia for 2018–2022 according to 11 statistical hypotheses. The work used modern methods of statistical analysis, including testing the normality of distribution (ShapiroWilk statistics), equality of variances (Livigne criterion) and the method of statistical testing of hypotheses based on the Mann-Whitney test. Calculations were performed in the Python software environment using the NumPy and Pandas libraries for data preprocessing and SciPy and XlsxWriter for statistical analysis and export results. The following socio-economic indicators are considered: average per capita cash income of the population, gross regional product and investment in fixed capital per capita, average turnover of organizations and the share of the population with cash income below the subsistence level. It is shown that, within the framework of the existing administrative structure of regional governance, regions with different levels of urbanization have statistically significant differences in these indicators. At the same time, no such differences were found in relation to indicators such as expenditures and revenues of consolidated budgets per person, the total area of residential premises per inhabitant on average, the fertility rate, the population maturity index and the dynamics of population change over 10 years (2012-2022 inclusive).","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-48-62
A. Petrikov
Agricultural vertical cooperatives created by small agricultural producers play an essential role in the market integration of small farms, ensuring employment and income of the rural population, and the stability of the agro-food market. The study of the problems of rural cooperation belongs to the relevant areas of economic research in the agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes the level and trends in the development of agricultural vertical cooperatives in Russia, including the dynamics of the number of certain types of cooperatives in 2019-2024, the social composition and equipment of fixed assets of cooperatives, their role in the production of a number of food resources. The conclusion is made about the slow development of cooperation and the significant differentiation of the cooperative movement across the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main reasons for the current situation and directions for improving cooperative policy in rural areas are considered.
{"title":"Agricultural Vertical Cooperatives: the State and Directions of State Support","authors":"A. Petrikov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-48-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-48-62","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural vertical cooperatives created by small agricultural producers play an essential role in the market integration of small farms, ensuring employment and income of the rural population, and the stability of the agro-food market. The study of the problems of rural cooperation belongs to the relevant areas of economic research in the agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes the level and trends in the development of agricultural vertical cooperatives in Russia, including the dynamics of the number of certain types of cooperatives in 2019-2024, the social composition and equipment of fixed assets of cooperatives, their role in the production of a number of food resources. The conclusion is made about the slow development of cooperation and the significant differentiation of the cooperative movement across the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main reasons for the current situation and directions for improving cooperative policy in rural areas are considered.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 81","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-131-152
V. V. Vorozhikhin
Rapid changes in the world order, digital transformation of human activity, and increased competition for a favorable future have formed a new focus of competition for digital innovation. The nature of development is changing – it is becoming socio-technological. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the field of science and technology and the requirements for the knowledge and skills of researchers. Changes in science act as a catalyst for further changes, the speed of which is increasing. Strengthening the role of artificial intelligence in the context of existing restrictions on its use leads to an increase in the role of humans as a task setter, a main partner participant, a beneficiary and even a sensor. Increasing competition for the future and aggravation of the geopolitical situation are leading to an increase in the importance of science, technology and innovation. This fundamentally changes the requirements for the organization of science, which requires the addition of the existing system of organizations with network communications of creative teams and researchers, the formation of hybrid intelligence through the joint training of humans and artificial intelligence. Science is becoming networked, going beyond the boundaries of organizations, acquiring regional and local components. In the context of a sharp increase in the diversity of digital innovations, scientific interaction between researchers with recognition (rating) in local fields of knowledge becomes a necessary condition. The high rate of change requires the inclusion of evaluation of the results of scientific activity in the research process. Effective results require the creation of processes for intelligent management of knowledge convergence and digital innovations of socio-technological development based on scientific knowledge.
{"title":"On the Transformation of the Organization of Scientific Activity in Russia","authors":"V. V. Vorozhikhin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-131-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-131-152","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid changes in the world order, digital transformation of human activity, and increased competition for a favorable future have formed a new focus of competition for digital innovation. The nature of development is changing – it is becoming socio-technological. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the field of science and technology and the requirements for the knowledge and skills of researchers. Changes in science act as a catalyst for further changes, the speed of which is increasing. Strengthening the role of artificial intelligence in the context of existing restrictions on its use leads to an increase in the role of humans as a task setter, a main partner participant, a beneficiary and even a sensor. Increasing competition for the future and aggravation of the geopolitical situation are leading to an increase in the importance of science, technology and innovation. This fundamentally changes the requirements for the organization of science, which requires the addition of the existing system of organizations with network communications of creative teams and researchers, the formation of hybrid intelligence through the joint training of humans and artificial intelligence. Science is becoming networked, going beyond the boundaries of organizations, acquiring regional and local components. In the context of a sharp increase in the diversity of digital innovations, scientific interaction between researchers with recognition (rating) in local fields of knowledge becomes a necessary condition. The high rate of change requires the inclusion of evaluation of the results of scientific activity in the research process. Effective results require the creation of processes for intelligent management of knowledge convergence and digital innovations of socio-technological development based on scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-63-77
A. F. Tomtosov
The volume of mortgage loans issued in eleven regions of the Far Eastern Federal District at the end of 2023 increased 2.5 times by the start of the Far Eastern Mortgage program in 2020. The most interesting result of the program is an increase in demand for primary real estate and a simultaneous decrease in the affordability of this housing. Since the start of the program, prices have increased by 116% vs. 26% while maintaining historical growth rates. By the end of 2021, the price of an apartment, including interest under the Far East Program, has become higher than that of an apartment while maintaining the historical rate of price appreciation under the family mortgage rate. The program has effectively made housing less affordable. The main conclusion is that for program participants (young families under 35), the most effective benefit of stimulating home buying is lower interest payments, not down payments. The main beneficiaries of rising prices and the scale of lending are developers. Considering the increased price of construction materials, the developers’ margin in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2023 increased to 58%. On the one hand, the government has achieved its goal of boosting the housing market in the Far East and has found an effective tool to encourage young families to buy real estate. This is evidenced by the extension of the program until 2030. On the other hand, several economic shocks led to a significant increase in the key interest rate and the accompanying growth of the program implementation costs.
{"title":"Results of the Far East Mortgage Program for Consumers, Developers, and the Government","authors":"A. F. Tomtosov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-63-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-63-77","url":null,"abstract":"The volume of mortgage loans issued in eleven regions of the Far Eastern Federal District at the end of 2023 increased 2.5 times by the start of the Far Eastern Mortgage program in 2020. The most interesting result of the program is an increase in demand for primary real estate and a simultaneous decrease in the affordability of this housing. Since the start of the program, prices have increased by 116% vs. 26% while maintaining historical growth rates. By the end of 2021, the price of an apartment, including interest under the Far East Program, has become higher than that of an apartment while maintaining the historical rate of price appreciation under the family mortgage rate. The program has effectively made housing less affordable. The main conclusion is that for program participants (young families under 35), the most effective benefit of stimulating home buying is lower interest payments, not down payments. The main beneficiaries of rising prices and the scale of lending are developers. Considering the increased price of construction materials, the developers’ margin in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2023 increased to 58%. On the one hand, the government has achieved its goal of boosting the housing market in the Far East and has found an effective tool to encourage young families to buy real estate. This is evidenced by the extension of the program until 2030. On the other hand, several economic shocks led to a significant increase in the key interest rate and the accompanying growth of the program implementation costs.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-110-130
R. A. Babkin
Due to the scale of population and economic concentration, Moscow is a mega-polis forming a vast zone of influence around itself. The accumulated economic and financial potential of the capital, as well as its huge consumer demand, consistently act as the most important factors in the development of the surrounding regions of the Non-Chernozem region. These regions can be considered as the periphery of the Moscow Metropolis, a supra-agglomeration spatial structure developing around Moscow. During the post-Soviet period, there has been a steady trend towards the centralization of demographic, economic and investment resources in Moscow and the Moscow region. Active population growth, investment penetration and active suburbanization in the 50-60-kilometer zone closest to Moscow are taking place against the background of socio-economic depression in rural areas, small and medium-sized urban centers in areas more remote from the capital. Today, Moscow and the 60-kilometer zone around it concentrate 65% of the metropolitan population, as well as over 80% of its gross product and investments in fixed assets. This is also the zone of active daily pendulum labor migrations to Moscow (up to 1.5 million people daily), which are carried out by 15 to 60% of the total able-bodied population living here. Along with this, there are prerequisites for promising development as part of the metropolis and more remote territories. In particular, there is an integration of regional labor markets with Moscow, through alternative work formats – over a million residents of the periphery are othodniki (shift workers), remote and hybrid employment is widespread. An important factor in the socio-economic development of the “bloodless” rural area of the peripheral metropolis is the filling of its 4 million summer residents in the summer season. Thus, joining the Moscow Metropolis of the regions surrounding the capital, along with risks, creates unique integration opportunities for them and sets a strategic vector for their spatial development.
{"title":"The Spatial Structure of the Moscow Metropolis","authors":"R. A. Babkin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-110-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-110-130","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the scale of population and economic concentration, Moscow is a mega-polis forming a vast zone of influence around itself. The accumulated economic and financial potential of the capital, as well as its huge consumer demand, consistently act as the most important factors in the development of the surrounding regions of the Non-Chernozem region. These regions can be considered as the periphery of the Moscow Metropolis, a supra-agglomeration spatial structure developing around Moscow. During the post-Soviet period, there has been a steady trend towards the centralization of demographic, economic and investment resources in Moscow and the Moscow region. Active population growth, investment penetration and active suburbanization in the 50-60-kilometer zone closest to Moscow are taking place against the background of socio-economic depression in rural areas, small and medium-sized urban centers in areas more remote from the capital. Today, Moscow and the 60-kilometer zone around it concentrate 65% of the metropolitan population, as well as over 80% of its gross product and investments in fixed assets. This is also the zone of active daily pendulum labor migrations to Moscow (up to 1.5 million people daily), which are carried out by 15 to 60% of the total able-bodied population living here. Along with this, there are prerequisites for promising development as part of the metropolis and more remote territories. In particular, there is an integration of regional labor markets with Moscow, through alternative work formats – over a million residents of the periphery are othodniki (shift workers), remote and hybrid employment is widespread. An important factor in the socio-economic development of the “bloodless” rural area of the peripheral metropolis is the filling of its 4 million summer residents in the summer season. Thus, joining the Moscow Metropolis of the regions surrounding the capital, along with risks, creates unique integration opportunities for them and sets a strategic vector for their spatial development.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 111","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-32-47
E. Bukhvald
Adoption of Decree No. 309 of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2024 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036” demonstrates not only a new important stage in the development of the practice of strategic goal-setting for the country’s economy. Equally, we can stress noticeable expansion of the field of those socio-economic processes, which are reflected in the national goals of the development and the ways of their practical achievement. This fully complies with the actual requirements towards strategic planning system, which are based on the principles of consistency, completeness and consistency in achieving certain targets; balanced distribution of powers and responsibilities for achieving these objectives between all levels of public authority in the country. The article attempts to emphasize the attention on the special - spatial - aspect of strategic goal-setting for Russian economy, in particular, to determine the meaning and significance of the spatial approach for the practical implementation of national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036. This task is solved in a comparable manner with the provisions of earlier similar documents. These are the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” (2018) and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” (2020). Everything said about the role of the spatial approach in the strategic goal-setting system also concerns the further improvement of program and project management methods and practical ways to achieve the planned target indicators.
{"title":"Economic Space as a Field for the Realization of National Goals of Russia","authors":"E. Bukhvald","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-32-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-32-47","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of Decree No. 309 of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2024 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036” demonstrates not only a new important stage in the development of the practice of strategic goal-setting for the country’s economy. Equally, we can stress noticeable expansion of the field of those socio-economic processes, which are reflected in the national goals of the development and the ways of their practical achievement. This fully complies with the actual requirements towards strategic planning system, which are based on the principles of consistency, completeness and consistency in achieving certain targets; balanced distribution of powers and responsibilities for achieving these objectives between all levels of public authority in the country. The article attempts to emphasize the attention on the special - spatial - aspect of strategic goal-setting for Russian economy, in particular, to determine the meaning and significance of the spatial approach for the practical implementation of national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036. This task is solved in a comparable manner with the provisions of earlier similar documents. These are the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” (2018) and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” (2020). Everything said about the role of the spatial approach in the strategic goal-setting system also concerns the further improvement of program and project management methods and practical ways to achieve the planned target indicators.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-153-171
R. Bobrovskiy
Despite the current relevance of foreign companies’ withdrawal from Russia, there are no significant scientific works on this topic. Some researchers have attempted to assess the scope of foreign companies’ withdrawal from Russia. But similar works on a regional level are almost absent. The article attempts to estimate the shares of foreign companies that announced their withdrawal, suspension of activities, reduction of operations, suspension of investments, as well as those that objectively withdraw and reduced the activities in industries and regions of Russia. Analysis showed that foreign companies that announced their withdrawal accounted for 0.8% of the employees and 2.3% of the revenue of all organizations in the Russian economy, while foreign companies that objectively withdraw accounted for 0.6% and 1.8%. Among the industries, the automotive industry is the most affected. Among the regions, the largest diversified (city of Moscow, Moscow region, city of St. Petersburg), industrial diversified (Republic of Tatarstan, Tula region), automotive (Kaluga, Leningrad and Samara regions), timber processing (Republics of Komi and Karelia, Novgorod region), Sakhalin region are more affected. The most critical situation in terms of risks for the labor market and regional economies is developing in the automotive and timber processing regions.
{"title":"The Estimation of Withdrawing and Withdrawn Foreign Companies Contribution in Industries and Regions of Russia","authors":"R. Bobrovskiy","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-153-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-153-171","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the current relevance of foreign companies’ withdrawal from Russia, there are no significant scientific works on this topic. Some researchers have attempted to assess the scope of foreign companies’ withdrawal from Russia. But similar works on a regional level are almost absent. The article attempts to estimate the shares of foreign companies that announced their withdrawal, suspension of activities, reduction of operations, suspension of investments, as well as those that objectively withdraw and reduced the activities in industries and regions of Russia. Analysis showed that foreign companies that announced their withdrawal accounted for 0.8% of the employees and 2.3% of the revenue of all organizations in the Russian economy, while foreign companies that objectively withdraw accounted for 0.6% and 1.8%. Among the industries, the automotive industry is the most affected. Among the regions, the largest diversified (city of Moscow, Moscow region, city of St. Petersburg), industrial diversified (Republic of Tatarstan, Tula region), automotive (Kaluga, Leningrad and Samara regions), timber processing (Republics of Komi and Karelia, Novgorod region), Sakhalin region are more affected. The most critical situation in terms of risks for the labor market and regional economies is developing in the automotive and timber processing regions.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-96-109
O. V. Spitsyna
Major Russian cities, as objects of strategic planning, deserve special attention due to their positioning as centers of economic growth with significant potential for addressing the region’s vital issues. However, the approval of strategies for major cities, like other municipalities, falls within the competence of local self-government. The powers and functions of local self-government, as well as its resource base, are legislatively delineated and do not align with the complex system of a municipal megacity, encompassing economic, social, territorial, public, managerial, and administrative components. These outlined contradictions, along with organizational and legal shortcomings, can affect the comprehensiveness of applying strategic planning in the development and implementation of long-term urban development plans. Strategic planning in public administration is in a developmental phase; however, uncertainty regarding a systemic goal-setting document, insufficient methodological support, lack of coordinated activities among strategic planning participants, and adaptation to global challenges prevent the full utilization of its potential for managing economic development both at the national level and in individual regions and municipalities. Therefore, tools and methods for improving the practice of strategic planning in light of contemporary realities are necessary, along with the transformation of strategic management mechanisms in major cities aimed at eliminating the discrepancies between the competencies, powers, and resources of local self-government and the scale of strategic tasks to be addressed in a major city.
{"title":"Transformation Directions for Strategic Planning in Major Russian Cities","authors":"O. V. Spitsyna","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-96-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-96-109","url":null,"abstract":"Major Russian cities, as objects of strategic planning, deserve special attention due to their positioning as centers of economic growth with significant potential for addressing the region’s vital issues. However, the approval of strategies for major cities, like other municipalities, falls within the competence of local self-government. The powers and functions of local self-government, as well as its resource base, are legislatively delineated and do not align with the complex system of a municipal megacity, encompassing economic, social, territorial, public, managerial, and administrative components. These outlined contradictions, along with organizational and legal shortcomings, can affect the comprehensiveness of applying strategic planning in the development and implementation of long-term urban development plans. Strategic planning in public administration is in a developmental phase; however, uncertainty regarding a systemic goal-setting document, insufficient methodological support, lack of coordinated activities among strategic planning participants, and adaptation to global challenges prevent the full utilization of its potential for managing economic development both at the national level and in individual regions and municipalities. Therefore, tools and methods for improving the practice of strategic planning in light of contemporary realities are necessary, along with the transformation of strategic management mechanisms in major cities aimed at eliminating the discrepancies between the competencies, powers, and resources of local self-government and the scale of strategic tasks to be addressed in a major city.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-172-195
V. N. Minat
The digitalization of the economy and society of the highly developed countries, along with technological improvements in production and social relations, introduces a number of significant problems associated with the widening income gap and the flow of the economically active population from the knowledge economy to the “traditional activity” sectors. The subjective expression of this process in the 21st century Low Budget Families, an increase in the share of which has been observed in the United States during the period of increased digitalization and reindustrialization, starting in 2010. The growth trend of Low Budget Families in the United States has an intra-country spatial nature, quantitatively and qualitatively different both at the level of subregions and individual states of the country. The regional aspects of the relationship between the growth of the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization of the economy and society, reflected through the corresponding “complex index”, considered in the article, find empirical confirmation, generally characterized by a direct dependence and causality associated with the release of an increasingly significant number of labor potential from the advanced sectors of the economy. The problem of the flow of economically active citizens, who represent the basis of Low Budget Families in which the level of official income, taxes, consumption and savings is declining, is being solved differently in different US states. Based on a comparison of the criteria for identifying Low Budget Families, a priority for the authorities of various regions of the country, a general “spatial picture” of polarization of subregions and states is formed based on the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization and the choice of directions of state regional policy to smooth out the negative problems of inequality and hidden employment, caused by the digital transformation of social relations.
{"title":"Low-Budget Households in the Conditions of Digitalization in US Regions","authors":"V. N. Minat","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-172-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2024-2-172-195","url":null,"abstract":"The digitalization of the economy and society of the highly developed countries, along with technological improvements in production and social relations, introduces a number of significant problems associated with the widening income gap and the flow of the economically active population from the knowledge economy to the “traditional activity” sectors. The subjective expression of this process in the 21st century Low Budget Families, an increase in the share of which has been observed in the United States during the period of increased digitalization and reindustrialization, starting in 2010. The growth trend of Low Budget Families in the United States has an intra-country spatial nature, quantitatively and qualitatively different both at the level of subregions and individual states of the country. The regional aspects of the relationship between the growth of the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization of the economy and society, reflected through the corresponding “complex index”, considered in the article, find empirical confirmation, generally characterized by a direct dependence and causality associated with the release of an increasingly significant number of labor potential from the advanced sectors of the economy. The problem of the flow of economically active citizens, who represent the basis of Low Budget Families in which the level of official income, taxes, consumption and savings is declining, is being solved differently in different US states. Based on a comparison of the criteria for identifying Low Budget Families, a priority for the authorities of various regions of the country, a general “spatial picture” of polarization of subregions and states is formed based on the share of Low Budget Families, depending on the level of digitalization and the choice of directions of state regional policy to smooth out the negative problems of inequality and hidden employment, caused by the digital transformation of social relations.","PeriodicalId":505601,"journal":{"name":"Federalism","volume":" 60","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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