Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00243639241262673
Cynthia Jones-Nosacek
Conscientious objection (CO) in medicine has been seen as a negative right, the right to be free from the intervention of others, so as not to be coerced into doing a medical intervention that the objector thinks is immoral. Arguments are now becoming more common calling for protection for the positive right of conscience, the right to perform interventions by the healthcare provider (HCP) even when it goes against the policy of the healthcare institution (HCI) or the law. Rights create obligations. While negative rights only obligate that others not interfere, positive rights create the obligation of others to support the activity. Positive rights of conscience of the HCP impinge on the negative rights of the HCI. They require that the HCI implicitly support the activity of the HCP, which is formal cooperation and can never be justified without the loss of integrity on the part of the HCI. This article will argue, outside of the limitations of CO such as providing care in an emergency when there is no other option, that respect for the negative right of conscience of the HCI outweighs the positive right of the HCP.
{"title":"Positive and Negative Rights of Conscience: Balancing When Rights Conflict","authors":"Cynthia Jones-Nosacek","doi":"10.1177/00243639241262673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241262673","url":null,"abstract":"Conscientious objection (CO) in medicine has been seen as a negative right, the right to be free from the intervention of others, so as not to be coerced into doing a medical intervention that the objector thinks is immoral. Arguments are now becoming more common calling for protection for the positive right of conscience, the right to perform interventions by the healthcare provider (HCP) even when it goes against the policy of the healthcare institution (HCI) or the law. Rights create obligations. While negative rights only obligate that others not interfere, positive rights create the obligation of others to support the activity. Positive rights of conscience of the HCP impinge on the negative rights of the HCI. They require that the HCI implicitly support the activity of the HCP, which is formal cooperation and can never be justified without the loss of integrity on the part of the HCI. This article will argue, outside of the limitations of CO such as providing care in an emergency when there is no other option, that respect for the negative right of conscience of the HCI outweighs the positive right of the HCP.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/00243639241265157
Joseph Peter Swindeman
{"title":"Book Review: Ethics Lost in Modernity: Reflections on Wittgenstein and Bioethics by Matthew S Vest","authors":"Joseph Peter Swindeman","doi":"10.1177/00243639241265157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241265157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1177/00243639241258538
Kyle C. McKenna, M. Rohall, Daniel Kissinger, Matthew Evans, Elizabeth Wright, Evelyn Nick, Monica Calkins
We describe validation of a COVID-19 antibody test for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies in blood plasma utilizing ethically sourced reagents not derived from aborted fetal cell lines. The test demonstrated specificity of 100% (95% confidence intervals 77.2–100%) and sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence intervals 79.6–100%) when evaluating blood specimens previously determined to be negative ( n = 13) or positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies due to natural SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 13) or COVID-19 vaccination ( n = 15). The test was used to screen 230 blood specimens from individuals with unknown SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 103) or that were naturally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 ( n = 44), received a COVID-19 vaccine ( n = 66), or received a COVID-19 vaccine before or after SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 17). Ninety-nine percent (95% confidence intervals 95.7–100%) of the 127 blood specimens from individuals that were naturally exposed, vaccinated, or both vaccinated and naturally exposed were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG which was consistent with the high sensitivity of our test. This COVID-19 antibody test, now named the PL COVID-19 RBD IgG antibody test, represents an effective and ethical alternative to commercially available COVID-19 antibody tests that utilize reagents derived from aborted fetal lines.
{"title":"Validation of Ethical COVID-19 Antibody Testing that Adheres to Pro-Life Principles","authors":"Kyle C. McKenna, M. Rohall, Daniel Kissinger, Matthew Evans, Elizabeth Wright, Evelyn Nick, Monica Calkins","doi":"10.1177/00243639241258538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241258538","url":null,"abstract":"We describe validation of a COVID-19 antibody test for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies in blood plasma utilizing ethically sourced reagents not derived from aborted fetal cell lines. The test demonstrated specificity of 100% (95% confidence intervals 77.2–100%) and sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence intervals 79.6–100%) when evaluating blood specimens previously determined to be negative ( n = 13) or positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies due to natural SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 13) or COVID-19 vaccination ( n = 15). The test was used to screen 230 blood specimens from individuals with unknown SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 103) or that were naturally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 ( n = 44), received a COVID-19 vaccine ( n = 66), or received a COVID-19 vaccine before or after SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( n = 17). Ninety-nine percent (95% confidence intervals 95.7–100%) of the 127 blood specimens from individuals that were naturally exposed, vaccinated, or both vaccinated and naturally exposed were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG which was consistent with the high sensitivity of our test. This COVID-19 antibody test, now named the PL COVID-19 RBD IgG antibody test, represents an effective and ethical alternative to commercially available COVID-19 antibody tests that utilize reagents derived from aborted fetal lines.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"315 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1177/00243639241251818
Michael Pakaluk, Catherine R. Pakaluk
An important question that arises as regards a member in a gravely unjust system is whether by any act of “resistance,” undertaken at personal risk, he or she proved himself to be set against that system. This was the question posed by de-Nazification experts employed by the U.S. military in occupied Germany after World War II.1 A similar question is posed today by social movements, such as Black Lives Matter, reacting against historical racism in the United States. We argue that, today, those who in conscience, as members of a gravely unjust system, have wanted to reject vaccinations developed or tested using cell lines derived from abortion, should be understood and evaluated in the same way. We believe that such an approach provides perhaps the best hope for the re-invigoration of society through the pro-life ideals embodied in the “gospel of life.”
{"title":"A Claim of Conscience: The Duty to Prove Oneself a Resistor","authors":"Michael Pakaluk, Catherine R. Pakaluk","doi":"10.1177/00243639241251818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241251818","url":null,"abstract":"An important question that arises as regards a member in a gravely unjust system is whether by any act of “resistance,” undertaken at personal risk, he or she proved himself to be set against that system. This was the question posed by de-Nazification experts employed by the U.S. military in occupied Germany after World War II.1 A similar question is posed today by social movements, such as Black Lives Matter, reacting against historical racism in the United States. We argue that, today, those who in conscience, as members of a gravely unjust system, have wanted to reject vaccinations developed or tested using cell lines derived from abortion, should be understood and evaluated in the same way. We believe that such an approach provides perhaps the best hope for the re-invigoration of society through the pro-life ideals embodied in the “gospel of life.”","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"68 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1177/00243639241245316
Elvis I. Šeman, Eamonn M. Mathieson, Umberto P. Villa, Deirdre T. Little, Randy Dlr Juanta, P. Corby, John I. Fleming, Brendan Purcell
The teachings of the Catholic Church on human sexuality, contraception and the treatment of infertility are well established and clearly explained in many Church documents, including Humanae vitae and Familiaris consortio. In 2022, a book was published in Italian which reported on a seminar organised by an Academy of the Catholic Church about the ethics of life. Titled the Theological Ethics of Life (abbreviated ‘ETV’ in Italian), the conclusion of chapter VII contains statements about contraception and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) which, though somewhat difficult to interpret, appear to be controversial with regard to accepted Church teaching on these subjects. This paper presents a detailed analysis by a group of Australian Catholic doctors and ethicists of an English translation of paragraphs 172 and 173 of ETV and concludes that they contain statements which deviate from and contradict accepted Catholic teaching on contraception and ART. The authors also claim that a thorough up-to-date knowledge and understanding of suitable current alternatives to contraception and ART (eg in-vitro fertilisation, IVF) which are safe, effective, readily accessible and consistent with Catholic ethics appears to be lacking in paragraphs 172 and 173 of ETV. The authors suggest a better understanding of currently available methods to assist with fertility care, aided by input from Catholic medical experts working in the areas of Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs) and Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM) would better inform ongoing debates about contraception and ART within the Church and be of service to the Faithful who should be encouraged to pursue these alternatives which are both effective and consistent with Church teaching on human sexuality and morals.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Controversial Statements in Etica Teologica Della Vita","authors":"Elvis I. Šeman, Eamonn M. Mathieson, Umberto P. Villa, Deirdre T. Little, Randy Dlr Juanta, P. Corby, John I. Fleming, Brendan Purcell","doi":"10.1177/00243639241245316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241245316","url":null,"abstract":"The teachings of the Catholic Church on human sexuality, contraception and the treatment of infertility are well established and clearly explained in many Church documents, including Humanae vitae and Familiaris consortio. In 2022, a book was published in Italian which reported on a seminar organised by an Academy of the Catholic Church about the ethics of life. Titled the Theological Ethics of Life (abbreviated ‘ETV’ in Italian), the conclusion of chapter VII contains statements about contraception and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) which, though somewhat difficult to interpret, appear to be controversial with regard to accepted Church teaching on these subjects. This paper presents a detailed analysis by a group of Australian Catholic doctors and ethicists of an English translation of paragraphs 172 and 173 of ETV and concludes that they contain statements which deviate from and contradict accepted Catholic teaching on contraception and ART. The authors also claim that a thorough up-to-date knowledge and understanding of suitable current alternatives to contraception and ART (eg in-vitro fertilisation, IVF) which are safe, effective, readily accessible and consistent with Catholic ethics appears to be lacking in paragraphs 172 and 173 of ETV. The authors suggest a better understanding of currently available methods to assist with fertility care, aided by input from Catholic medical experts working in the areas of Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs) and Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM) would better inform ongoing debates about contraception and ART within the Church and be of service to the Faithful who should be encouraged to pursue these alternatives which are both effective and consistent with Church teaching on human sexuality and morals.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1177/00243639241245105
Peter Hotez
The central tenets of international scientific collaborations leading to the development, testing, and the equitable distribution vaccines to combat poliomyelitis, smallpox, COVID-19, and other devasting infections, first accelerated in the mid-twentieth century. The genesis of vaccine science diplomacy also coincides with the publication of Le Phénomène Humain ( The Phenomenon of Man) shortly after the death of its author, the French Jesuit priest and scientist, Dr. Teilhard de Jardin. Several tenets of Teilhard's posthumous essay, including our collective consciousness, and the “conjugated faces” of science and religion, are relevant to a modern vaccine diplomacy framework, even if Teilhard may not have specifically addressed vaccines in his writings. This could also include the potential for arriving at an “omega point” through international scientific collaboration and joint vaccine development, while simultaneously avoiding the destructive forces of anti-vaccine or anti-science activism. Collaborations between the Vatican, Catholic research universities and institutions, and leaders of the Catholic-majority nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in an integrated framework might accelerate these activities as they apply to both pandemic threats and neglected diseases of poverty.
二十世纪中叶，国际科学合作的核心原则首次加速了脊髓灰质炎、天花、COVID-19 和其他致命传染病疫苗的开发、测试和公平分配。疫苗科学外交的起源与《人类现象》（Le Phénomène Humain）一书的作者、法国耶稣会教士兼科学家泰勒哈德-德-雅尔丹（Teilhard de Jardin）博士去世后不久该书的出版不谋而合。泰勒哈德遗作中的一些信条，包括我们的集体意识和科学与宗教的 "共轭面"，都与现代疫苗外交框架相关，尽管泰勒哈德在他的著作中可能并没有特别提到疫苗。这也可能包括通过国际科学合作和联合疫苗开发达到 "欧米茄点 "的可能性，同时避免反疫苗或反科学激进主义的破坏力量。梵蒂冈、天主教研究大学和机构以及非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲天主教占多数国家的领导人在一个综合框架内开展合作，可能会加速这些活动，因为它们既适用于流行病威胁，也适用于被忽视的贫困疾病。
{"title":"Vaccine Science Diplomacy and “The Phenomenon of Man”","authors":"Peter Hotez","doi":"10.1177/00243639241245105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241245105","url":null,"abstract":"The central tenets of international scientific collaborations leading to the development, testing, and the equitable distribution vaccines to combat poliomyelitis, smallpox, COVID-19, and other devasting infections, first accelerated in the mid-twentieth century. The genesis of vaccine science diplomacy also coincides with the publication of Le Phénomène Humain ( The Phenomenon of Man) shortly after the death of its author, the French Jesuit priest and scientist, Dr. Teilhard de Jardin. Several tenets of Teilhard's posthumous essay, including our collective consciousness, and the “conjugated faces” of science and religion, are relevant to a modern vaccine diplomacy framework, even if Teilhard may not have specifically addressed vaccines in his writings. This could also include the potential for arriving at an “omega point” through international scientific collaboration and joint vaccine development, while simultaneously avoiding the destructive forces of anti-vaccine or anti-science activism. Collaborations between the Vatican, Catholic research universities and institutions, and leaders of the Catholic-majority nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in an integrated framework might accelerate these activities as they apply to both pandemic threats and neglected diseases of poverty.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1177/00243639241239068
John D. Markley
Public health authorities are broadly promoting a strategy known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in the context of high-risk sexual activity and injection drug use. However, there are several limitations to this strategy that are underrecognized. This article reviews the primary literature supporting the use of PrEP and explores the unintended consequences associated with its use. Current public health messaging indicates that PrEP reduces the risk of HIV transmission during sex by 99 percent; however, this figure is based on modeling rather than study findings, and real-world efficacy may be significantly lower. PrEP has been associated with increased rates of sexually transmitted infections, risk compensation, HIV drug resistance, low adherence, and drug side effects. To make fully informed decisions, medical professionals and patients should be aware of these pitfalls. Additionally, this article explores the bioethical implications of prescribing PrEP from a Catholic perspective. Although not always morally illicit, PrEP is most often prescribed in the context of sexual activity outside of marriage between a biological male and female, placing the prescriber in cooperation with activity deemed to be immoral by the Catholic Church. While all medical professionals seeking the common good should aim to reduce the transmission of HIV, not all means are morally licit. Conscience protection for medical professionals opposed to this strategy has become increasingly relevant. Thoughtful discernment is necessary when considering PrEP. Summary: The use of CDC material (figure 1) in this article does not imply endorsement by CDC. The material is in the public domain and available on the CDC website free of charge.
{"title":"Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV: Bioethical, Clinical, and Epidemiological Considerations","authors":"John D. Markley","doi":"10.1177/00243639241239068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241239068","url":null,"abstract":"Public health authorities are broadly promoting a strategy known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in the context of high-risk sexual activity and injection drug use. However, there are several limitations to this strategy that are underrecognized. This article reviews the primary literature supporting the use of PrEP and explores the unintended consequences associated with its use. Current public health messaging indicates that PrEP reduces the risk of HIV transmission during sex by 99 percent; however, this figure is based on modeling rather than study findings, and real-world efficacy may be significantly lower. PrEP has been associated with increased rates of sexually transmitted infections, risk compensation, HIV drug resistance, low adherence, and drug side effects. To make fully informed decisions, medical professionals and patients should be aware of these pitfalls. Additionally, this article explores the bioethical implications of prescribing PrEP from a Catholic perspective. Although not always morally illicit, PrEP is most often prescribed in the context of sexual activity outside of marriage between a biological male and female, placing the prescriber in cooperation with activity deemed to be immoral by the Catholic Church. While all medical professionals seeking the common good should aim to reduce the transmission of HIV, not all means are morally licit. Conscience protection for medical professionals opposed to this strategy has become increasingly relevant. Thoughtful discernment is necessary when considering PrEP. Summary: The use of CDC material (figure 1) in this article does not imply endorsement by CDC. The material is in the public domain and available on the CDC website free of charge.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1177/00243639241236857
S. Abbate
Mark 10:13–16, interpreted within the broader context of the Gospel of Mark, using a moral exegetical framework, provides a lens for what welcoming the children refers to in sacramental marital discipleship. Building upon the narrative ethics of Mark, the words and deeds of Jesus, magisterial teachings and writings allow these verses to be reimagined to unveil an interpretation and a praxis for marital and moral life. Accepting the gift of a child in the natural order paves the way for discipleship and ushers in the kingdom of God. Just as Jesus welcomed the children, parents are called to welcome them through unhindered conjugal love. These reflections form a Catholic theology of married life and sexuality and a theology of children that the couple shares with Christ's thoughts and actions.
{"title":"Reimagining the Discipleship of Marriage Through the Lens of Mark: A Theological Reflection for Bioethical Decision-Making on Contraception in Catholic Healthcare and Marital Life","authors":"S. Abbate","doi":"10.1177/00243639241236857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241236857","url":null,"abstract":"Mark 10:13–16, interpreted within the broader context of the Gospel of Mark, using a moral exegetical framework, provides a lens for what welcoming the children refers to in sacramental marital discipleship. Building upon the narrative ethics of Mark, the words and deeds of Jesus, magisterial teachings and writings allow these verses to be reimagined to unveil an interpretation and a praxis for marital and moral life. Accepting the gift of a child in the natural order paves the way for discipleship and ushers in the kingdom of God. Just as Jesus welcomed the children, parents are called to welcome them through unhindered conjugal love. These reflections form a Catholic theology of married life and sexuality and a theology of children that the couple shares with Christ's thoughts and actions.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"78 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/00243639241231595
Matthew McKenna
This article offers a new argument for why recreational drug use is inherently immoral. Typical arguments against recreational drug use focus on legality, purposefully undermining the ability to reason, and harmful health effects. This argument recovers St. Thomas Aquinas' account of delectatio (pleasure) to argue that the pleasure sought in recreational drug use is immoral due to its disproportionality to the good achieved in the act of taking drugs. It then examines the use of alcohol as a helpful example for this argument since the recreational use of alcohol in low quantities is a case which can diminish the applicability of traditional arguments against recreational drug use.
本文提出了一个新的论点，说明为什么娱乐性吸毒本质上是不道德的。反对娱乐性使用毒品的典型论点主要集中在合法性、故意破坏理性能力以及有害健康等方面。本论点重拾圣托马斯-阿奎那（St. Thomas Aquinas）关于 "享乐"（delectatio）的论述，认为娱乐性吸毒所追求的享乐是不道德的，因为它与吸毒行为所获得的益处不相称。然后，它研究了酒精的使用，将其作为这一论点的一个有用例子，因为低量酒精的娱乐性使用可以削弱反对娱乐性使用毒品的传统论点的适用性。
{"title":"Delectatio and Recreational Drug Use: Using Aquinas' Account of Pleasure to Argue That Recreational Drug Use Is Immoral","authors":"Matthew McKenna","doi":"10.1177/00243639241231595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00243639241231595","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a new argument for why recreational drug use is inherently immoral. Typical arguments against recreational drug use focus on legality, purposefully undermining the ability to reason, and harmful health effects. This argument recovers St. Thomas Aquinas' account of delectatio (pleasure) to argue that the pleasure sought in recreational drug use is immoral due to its disproportionality to the good achieved in the act of taking drugs. It then examines the use of alcohol as a helpful example for this argument since the recreational use of alcohol in low quantities is a case which can diminish the applicability of traditional arguments against recreational drug use.","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1177/2755323x241228030
Dierdre Cooper
{"title":"My Life with Bosco","authors":"Dierdre Cooper","doi":"10.1177/2755323x241228030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2755323x241228030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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