Computers & Structures最新文献

{"title":"Incorporation of a viscoelastic-elastoplastic material model for asphalt based on the multiscale microlayer model into an ALE formulation for pavement structures considering dynamic tire loadings","authors":"Marcel May ,&nbsp;Atul Anantheswar ,&nbsp;Ventseslav Yordanov ,&nbsp;Elaheh Derakhi ,&nbsp;Felix Hartung ,&nbsp;Ines Wollny ,&nbsp;Lutz Eckstein ,&nbsp;Michael Kaliske","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During braking, acceleration, and steering maneuvers in road traffic, dynamic vertical and horizontal loads act on the pavement structure. The resulting macroscopic multiaxial stress states arise not only from these highly time- and space-dependent loads but also from the anisotropic mechanical responses imprinted by material microstructural geometry.</div><div>In this work, a novel, dynamic multiscale-ALE method is introduced for the first time. By extending two numerically efficient concepts – the dynamic ALE approach and the microlayer framework – and integrating them into a unified scheme, it enables the consistent characterization of the mechanical response within layered roadway systems. Numerical efficiency and physical representativeness are achieved through the use of finite viscoelastic–elastoplastic constitutive models for the microstructural constituents, embedded in the microlayer framework – a thermodynamically derived multiscale formulation that avoids the computational cost of a conventional FE² scheme. This framework provides an analytically computable microscale representation composed of simple geometric bodies, of which microstructural properties are homogenized to the macroscale. The numerical efficiency is further enhanced by the dynamic ALE, in which the load application region remains fixed on the pavement surface, while the pavement structure flows underneath it. Consequently, only a small longitudinal portion of the road structure must be explicitly discretized for FEM. During this ALE-induced material flow, the microscale configuration is updated consistently with the material motion before homogenization, ensuring that the anisotropic mechanical response induced by the microstructural geometry is fully preserved.</div><div>To experimentally determine the loads generated by a tire during a steering maneuver, a single-wheel test rig is used, in which, the side slip angle is systematically varied. The measured data is then used to generate time- and space-resolved footprints, which serve as realistic boundary conditions for simulating tire pavement interaction. A numerical study investigates the response of a standard pavement construction to the load induced by a tire, which rolls 700 m along the pavement under dynamic conditions including acceleration, braking and cornering. The example demonstrates the applicability of the approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new meshfree method for accurate and efficient solutions to solid mechanics problems involving large deviatoric deformation, fracture, and fragmentation","authors":"Zhiyuan Tong,&nbsp;Mauricio Ponga","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel meshfree method for accurate and efficient solutions to solid mechanics problems involving large deviatoric deformation, fracture, and fragmentation. Central to the approach is a newly developed meshfree shape function that satisfies the Kronecker delta property, exhibits first-order consistency, is non-negative, and achieves <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mn>1</mn></msup></math></span> smoothness. The formulation employs nodal integration which is desirable for problems with large topological changes. The combination of nodal integration and the Kronecker delta property leads to a naturally diagonal explicit equilibrium equation even in the presence of complex boundary and contact conditions. A key innovation is the introduction of shadow nodes, which, in conjunction with a local triangle removal strategy, enables the seamless handling of complex geometries and evolving discontinuities without explicit boundary representations. The method demonstrates excellent convergence and high accuracy across a range of linear and nonlinear benchmark problems. Its robustness and versatility are further illustrated through challenging simulations involving extreme fracture and fragmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new variational approach for coupling of non-conforming patches in Isogeometric Analysis","authors":"Saeed Saeedmonir ,&nbsp;Alireza Sadeghirad","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isogeometric Analysis is known to be a powerful numerical method in bridging between Computer-Aided Design and Computational Mechanics by utilizing special spline basis functions for both geometric and field discretization, resulting in reduction of errors corresponding to geometric approximations in traditional Finite Elements Method. Moreover, it can satisfy higher-order continuity to ensure stability and accuracy. However, there are several challenges in dealing with multi-patch domains, especially in the case of non-conforming patches in establishing continuity across the patch interfaces. Existing methods such as the penalty method, Lagrange multipliers and Nitsche’s method often encounter several numerical issues such as ill-conditioned systems, saddle point problem and computational overhead. This study presents a novel variational formulation for coupling of non-conforming patches while preserving higher-order continuity without introducing new degrees of freedom. In addition, the proposed method ensures a symmetric system, guaranteeing stable and efficient implementation. The constraints are applied through the variational formulation and therefore, no other approach is utilized within the procedure. Some benchmark numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance, accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct two-scale finite element modeling of progressive failure in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with a localizing gradient damage model","authors":"Yongyi Li ,&nbsp;Xinyi Xu ,&nbsp;Lianhua Ma ,&nbsp;Biao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage mechanisms in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites mainly include matrix cracking, interfacial delamination, and fiber fracture. Among them, matrix failure and crack propagation constitute the principal contributors to the nonlinear response observed in the uniaxial tensile stress–strain behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, frequently precipitating premature structural failure. Therefore, accurate simulation of matrix damage progression in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is crucial for predicting the failure behavior of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. To address these issues, this study employs a direct two-scale finite element modelling framework to concurrently analyze macro-scale structural responses and meso-scale mechanical behaviors under tensile, shear, and bending loading conditions. The damage evolution in the polymer matrix is simulated through a localized gradient damage model, implemented through user-defined material and user-defined thermal analogy subroutines in commercial finite element software within a thermo-mechanical coupling framework. Furthermore, fiber–matrix interfacial debonding is characterized using a bilinear cohesive zone model. The findings demonstrate that the present direct two-scale finite element method exhibits excellent agreement with direct numerical simulation in capturing the progressive damage evolution mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Moreover, this approach offers a computationally efficient and practical tool for the design and optimization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A finite deformation energy limiter-based rate-dependent gradient damage model for fracture analysis","authors":"Tinh Quoc Bui ,&nbsp;Hung Thanh Tran ,&nbsp;Jaroon Rungamornrat","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper details a new implicit gradient-enhanced damage model designed for simulating fracture in rubber-like materials under large or finite deformations. This model extends previous work by incorporating a rate-dependent crack propagation feature and reformulating the theory for finite strain contexts using a neo-Hookean hyperelastic model and an energy limiter concept. The methodology aims to create a stable and mesh-insensitive numerical tool for fracture analysis, which is implemented and solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with a staggered algorithm. Numerical examples validate the model’s accuracy, confirming its ability to predict complex crack growth and demonstrating the importance of the rate-dependent term for stabilizing simulations at large strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reaction–diffusion level set method for stress-constrained topology optimization with precise volume control","authors":"Dachen Gao ,&nbsp;Hongduo Zhao ,&nbsp;Ke Cheng ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Xia ,&nbsp;Haoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yaowen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a reaction–diffusion equation (RDE) driven level set method (LSM) for topology optimization (TO) that enforces both stress and volume constraints simultaneously. The method introduces a locally activated stress penalty that operates only where the allowable limit is exceeded, eliminating the need for global aggregation and improving fidelity in hot-spot regions. A refined in-element triangulation strategy provides accurate volume fractions without remeshing, enabling precise volume tracking on fixed structured meshes. Structural evolution is governed by RDE, enabling hole nucleation during optimization and eliminating the need for level set reinitialization. Numerical experiments in 2D and 3D demonstrate that the proposed method yields designs that satisfy the prescribed local stress limits and target volume fractions while achieving stable, efficient convergence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cycle-domain plasticity modeling using neural networks and symbolic regression","authors":"Nasrin Talebi,&nbsp;Knut Andreas Meyer,&nbsp;Magnus Ekh","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulation of many loading cycles with traditional time-domain material models, requiring discretization of each cycle with several time steps, can result in high computational cost. One effective approach to speed up cyclic simulations is employing cycle-domain material models. Finite element simulations of rails subjected to many wheel passages are a relevant application of such models. Proposing a per-cycle evolution equation for plastic strains in cycle-domain models is, however, a challenge. To address this, we investigate the feasibility and accuracy of using machine learning models as tools for formulating such an equation. Specifically, we enforce our knowledge from constitutive modeling for elasticity and formulate the evolution law by employing feed-forward neural networks with different inputs, as well as symbolic regression to discover an interpretable expression. Training, validation, and test data have been generated using a cyclic time-domain plasticity model considering pulsating uniaxial stress loadings with constant and variable strain ranges. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of cycle-domain plasticity modeling using both uninterpretable and interpretable data-driven machine learning as an alternative to time-domain material modeling. Furthermore, both approaches have revealed reasonably good extrapolation performance beyond the training regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic constitutive model for masonry joint damage and energy dissipation using the distinct element method","authors":"Yopi P. Oktiovan ,&nbsp;Francesco Messali ,&nbsp;Bora Pulatsu ,&nbsp;Satyadhrik Sharma ,&nbsp;José V. Lemos ,&nbsp;Jan G. Rots","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a cyclic joint constitutive model within a Distinct Element Method framework to simulate the in-plane response of unreinforced masonry structures. The model combines multi-surface failure criteria, including tensile cut-off, Coulomb friction, and an elliptical compression cap. It incorporates exponential softening, a unified damage scalar for stiffness degradation, and a hardening–softening law for compression. Shear-induced dilatancy is captured via an uplift-correction mechanism with an exponential dilatancy-decay law, while stiffness degradation governs energy dissipation. The model is validated at both material and structural scales. Material-level simulations of cyclic compression and shear tests show close agreement with experimental data. Structural-scale validation on full-height calcium-silicate walls under combined compression and cyclic lateral loading demonstrates the ability to reproduce rocking-dominated, shear-dominated, and hybrid failure mechanisms. The model successfully replicated global hysteretic force–drift loops, capturing stiffness decay and energy dissipation, as well as local failures like cracking, sliding, and toe crushing. The model also reproduced the drift-dependent transition from rocking to friction-controlled sliding, a key mechanism for earthquake assessment. By integrating these features into a single, efficient framework, the proposed constitutive model provides a robust tool for evaluating seismic performance and conserving heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A layerwise plate element formulation with adhesive interface compliance and thermal loads for bonded multilayer structures","authors":"D. von Burg,&nbsp;R. Baumann","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel layerwise plate finite element formulation for the modelling of adhesively bonded multilayer structures subjected to thermal loading. Each structural layer is represented as a Reissner–Mindlin plate, while interlayer coupling is achieved through adhesive shear layers with defined thickness and shear stiffness. This approach enables the direct representation of adhesive compliance, which is often simplified or neglected in layerwise plate formulations. The formulation is derived via the principle of virtual work and incorporates mixed interpolation of tensorial components to prevent shear locking. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed element. Comparisons with three-dimensional solid finite element reference models show good agreement with the computed deflections, while requiring substantially fewer degrees of freedom. The resulting computational efficiency makes the approach particularly attractive for iterative analyses such as process simulations and parametric studies involving thermally induced deformations. Since the adhesive shear modulus enters the formulation only as a parameter, time- or temperature-dependent behaviour can be incorporated through constitutive modelling without modification of the element formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale concurrent topology optimization for large-scale assembled structures","authors":"Ran Zheng ,&nbsp;Bing Yi ,&nbsp;Gil Ho Yoon ,&nbsp;Wenlong Liu ,&nbsp;Long Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although additive manufacturing has advantages in the fabrication of complicated structures and has been applied in many fields, large-scale structures often need to be partitioned into smaller components to comply with the size limitations of the printer, which compromises their overall structural performance. This paper presents a two-scale concurrent topology optimization method for multiple assembled structures, which can be fabricated with an additive manufacturing machine under maximum size limitations and further assembled via conventional joining processes. At the macroscale, the topology design of the macroscale structure and the partitioning of the overall structure into multiple components are realized by incorporating component size constraints into the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) topology optimization framework. At the microscale, the topology of the self-connected microstructure unit located in the macroscale components and the bolted joint positions of the assembled microstructure unit located in the macroscale joints between different components are optimized based on the homogenization method. The smooth connection between the self-connected microstructure and the assembled microstructure is ensured by a geometric constraint. Finally, several numerical examples and a printing example are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the effects of some design parameters on the optimization results are analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}