Computers & Structures最新文献

{"title":"Incorporation of a viscoelastic-elastoplastic material model for asphalt based on the multiscale microlayer model into an ALE formulation for pavement structures considering dynamic tire loadings","authors":"Marcel May ,&nbsp;Atul Anantheswar ,&nbsp;Ventseslav Yordanov ,&nbsp;Elaheh Derakhi ,&nbsp;Felix Hartung ,&nbsp;Ines Wollny ,&nbsp;Lutz Eckstein ,&nbsp;Michael Kaliske","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During braking, acceleration, and steering maneuvers in road traffic, dynamic vertical and horizontal loads act on the pavement structure. The resulting macroscopic multiaxial stress states arise not only from these highly time- and space-dependent loads but also from the anisotropic mechanical responses imprinted by material microstructural geometry.</div><div>In this work, a novel, dynamic multiscale-ALE method is introduced for the first time. By extending two numerically efficient concepts – the dynamic ALE approach and the microlayer framework – and integrating them into a unified scheme, it enables the consistent characterization of the mechanical response within layered roadway systems. Numerical efficiency and physical representativeness are achieved through the use of finite viscoelastic–elastoplastic constitutive models for the microstructural constituents, embedded in the microlayer framework – a thermodynamically derived multiscale formulation that avoids the computational cost of a conventional FE² scheme. This framework provides an analytically computable microscale representation composed of simple geometric bodies, of which microstructural properties are homogenized to the macroscale. The numerical efficiency is further enhanced by the dynamic ALE, in which the load application region remains fixed on the pavement surface, while the pavement structure flows underneath it. Consequently, only a small longitudinal portion of the road structure must be explicitly discretized for FEM. During this ALE-induced material flow, the microscale configuration is updated consistently with the material motion before homogenization, ensuring that the anisotropic mechanical response induced by the microstructural geometry is fully preserved.</div><div>To experimentally determine the loads generated by a tire during a steering maneuver, a single-wheel test rig is used, in which, the side slip angle is systematically varied. The measured data is then used to generate time- and space-resolved footprints, which serve as realistic boundary conditions for simulating tire pavement interaction. A numerical study investigates the response of a standard pavement construction to the load induced by a tire, which rolls 700 m along the pavement under dynamic conditions including acceleration, braking and cornering. The example demonstrates the applicability of the approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A layerwise plate element formulation with adhesive interface compliance and thermal loads for bonded multilayer structures","authors":"D. von Burg,&nbsp;R. Baumann","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel layerwise plate finite element formulation for the modelling of adhesively bonded multilayer structures subjected to thermal loading. Each structural layer is represented as a Reissner–Mindlin plate, while interlayer coupling is achieved through adhesive shear layers with defined thickness and shear stiffness. This approach enables the direct representation of adhesive compliance, which is often simplified or neglected in layerwise plate formulations. The formulation is derived via the principle of virtual work and incorporates mixed interpolation of tensorial components to prevent shear locking. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed element. Comparisons with three-dimensional solid finite element reference models show good agreement with the computed deflections, while requiring substantially fewer degrees of freedom. The resulting computational efficiency makes the approach particularly attractive for iterative analyses such as process simulations and parametric studies involving thermally induced deformations. Since the adhesive shear modulus enters the formulation only as a parameter, time- or temperature-dependent behaviour can be incorporated through constitutive modelling without modification of the element formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical model of variable cross-section flexible wings based on improved mode shape functions","authors":"Yi-Cheng Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Chun-Yan Ling ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Shun-Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a typical variable-section structure, the flexible wing has attracted considerable attention in the aerospace field due to its advantages in load-bearing capacity, stiffness distribution and mass optimization. However, the variation in geometric and physical properties along the structural length significantly increases the complexity of dynamic modeling, consequently leading to pronounced changes in the mode shapes. To address this challenge, the paper establishes linear dynamic equations of flexible wings based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Lagrange’s principle. Building on this foundation, a dimensionless variable transformation is applied to normalize the geometric and physical parameters in the governing equations, thereby simplifying the coupling among different variables. Subsequently, a special function expansion method is employed to formalize the mode shapes as a linear combination of Bessel and Meijer-G functions, ensuring the satisfaction of boundary conditions and effectively capturing the influence of cross-sectional variations on modal characteristics. On this basis, an improved mode shape function for variable cross-section cantilever beams is developed. This method enables rapid determination of natural frequencies and mode shape functions without iterative procedures or approximate truncation, significantly improving computational efficiency while maintaining high accuracy, thus making it well-suited for efficient dynamic analysis of complex structures. The results indicate that the natural frequencies and mode shape curves obtained by this method are in good agreement with the ANSYS results, the existing literature, and the experimental tests, thereby verifying the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-field model of hydraulic fracturing based on the unified strength theory","authors":"Dingyu Li ,&nbsp;Wei He ,&nbsp;Xiang Ao ,&nbsp;Peidong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a phase-field model for hydraulic fracturing is developed, wherein the unified strength theory formulated by Maohong Yu is incorporated into the phase-field model framework to establish a novel phase-field driving energy, thereby enhancing the accuracy of mixed-mode fracture prediction. Comprehensive governing equations describing the mechanical, damage, and fluid transport fields are mathematically derived, alongside detailed finite element discretization schemes for the coupled multi-field variables. To validate the proposed model, multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples are conducted, demonstrating its robustness, precision, and the ability to simulate intricate hydraulic fracturing processes in rocks subjected to various loading conditions. Comparative analyses reveal an excellent agreement between the numerical results and the Khristianovic-Geertsma-de Klerk analytical model, as well as experimental data from true triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively captures the processes of crack nucleation, propagation, and deflection. Consequently, this model stands as a robust computational tool for analyzing complex fracture mechanisms in hydraulic fracturing engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized direct inverse mass matrix for the method of finite spheres in transient explicit wave propagation analysis","authors":"Insu Jeong,&nbsp;Minchul Yu,&nbsp;Gunwoo Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct inverse mass matrix (DI) approach can substantially reduce computational costs by eliminating the need to invert the global mass matrix in explicit time integration schemes. However, in the method of finite spheres (MFS), where multiple degrees of freedom are associated with a single node, an appropriate mass modification is required for the successful application of the DI. In this study, we propose a generalized formulation for such mass modification and determine its optimal parameters using a metaheuristic optimization algorithm. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed approach are examined through benchmark problems, demonstrating its effectiveness and performance advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new unsupervised method for damage detection in structures: Cor-PCAE","authors":"Augusta Adha ,&nbsp;Dimas Pustaka Dibiantara ,&nbsp;Reyes Garcia ,&nbsp;Irwanda Laory","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its widespread adoption in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), Moving Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) still has some significant drawbacks in terms of human bias, thus limiting its ability to detect minor damage in structures. This article proposes a new fully unsupervised method called Correlation Principal Component Auto-Encoder (Cor-PCAE), which enhances the anomaly (i.e. damage) detection performance of the MPCA method. The new Cor-PCAE method optimises computational resources by splitting data into a sequence of sensor correlations and generates a suitable sensor correlation model with a deep autoencoder. The Cor-PCAE method is applied to detect minor to moderate damage in a Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bridge subjected to walking tests. Three damaged conditions were considered, denoted by minor damage (DM1 &amp; DM2) and moderate damage (DM3). The acceleration data (DTS1 &amp; DTS2) were used to compare the performance of Cor-PCAE against existing methods such as Moving Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Combined MPCA-Multiple Linear Regression (MPCA-MLR). The results show that Cor-PCAE’s detection performance is faster than MPCA for both datasets. The new Cor-PCAE method also reduces the probability of misclassifying damage as a healthy condition. Lastly, by observing the probability of misclassification from three sensor configurations (“Far”, “Distributed”, and “Near”), the new Cor-PCAE method consistently achieves a relatively low probability of misclassifying damage, even in less ideal sensor configurations. This article contributes to the development of faster and more efficient damage detection methods for SHM of existing structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new concrete material model embedded in finite element procedures","authors":"Yeongbin Ko ,&nbsp;Klaus-Jürgen Bathe","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new strain-based concrete material model that is generally applicable in two- and three-dimensional finite element analyses. The relevant constitutive laws are derived from a theory of plasticity and fracture for concrete, and the nonlinear solution process is described. The nonlinear behavior of the concrete includes crushing, crack opening and closing. The model is based on the use of the principal elastic strain directions and a “compression coordinate system” using different failure surfaces for the different “directions” in that system. The plastic-fracturing behavior is represented by a coupling between the plasticity and fracture in the finite element solution. The predictability and performance of the new material model, used with the finite element procedures, is evaluated and compared with results obtained in physical experiments and benchmark problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modular and integrated on-board system for freight train condition monitoring: design approach and testing","authors":"F. Zanelli,&nbsp;A. Galimberti,&nbsp;N. Debattisti,&nbsp;S. Negri,&nbsp;G. Tomasini","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Condition monitoring is becoming an essential tool in the railway industry, increasing the efficiency of vehicle maintenance. This is particularly critical in the case of freight trains since most wagons are still not equipped with sensors or wired. The proposed research work aims at developing a monitoring system with two main purposes: to apply to different wagon typologies and to be an integrated solution for the monitoring of the different mechanical subsystems of the vehicle. The focus is put on the energy harvesting to suitably power supply the wireless sensor nodes and on the performance enhancement for the identification of possible faults in the braking plant. The design of the monitoring system has been driven by an empirical model of the braking plant realized also to support the analysis of experimental data collected by the monitoring devices in the diagnostic stage. Moreover, a CFD analysis was performed to optimize energy harvesters (i.e. micro wind turbines) positioning on the wagon to enhance their efficiency. In the paper, it is shown how the numerical tools allowed to suitably design the wireless monitoring system, which is adopted in an experimental campaign aiming at collecting a database for the validation of condition monitoring algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New treatment of interfaces for 3D seismic wave propagation problem using generalized finite difference method","authors":"Jesús Flores Escribano,&nbsp;Eduardo Salete Casino,&nbsp;Juan José Benito Muñoz,&nbsp;Eduardo Conde López","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2026.108104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local surface sedimentary structures are made up of stacking strata. Layers of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithological properties that distinguish them from adjacent layers, separated by bedding planes here called interfaces. These strata are typically parallel, but their geometry can be complex, with inclined layers of variable thicknesses produced by tectonic movements or erosion processes. In this work, a formulation is proposed for the treatment of interfaces in seismic wave propagation problems with 3D domains using generalized finite difference method. This capacity is of great relevance, since it is the complexity of the soil structures what makes this meshless method interesting in comparison to the computationally efficient finite difference method. To validate the proposal, a set of examples are solved and their results are compared to those derived from analytical expressions or through finite element method models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A finite deformation energy limiter-based rate-dependent gradient damage model for fracture analysis","authors":"Tinh Quoc Bui ,&nbsp;Hung Thanh Tran ,&nbsp;Jaroon Rungamornrat","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper details a new implicit gradient-enhanced damage model designed for simulating fracture in rubber-like materials under large or finite deformations. This model extends previous work by incorporating a rate-dependent crack propagation feature and reformulating the theory for finite strain contexts using a neo-Hookean hyperelastic model and an energy limiter concept. The methodology aims to create a stable and mesh-insensitive numerical tool for fracture analysis, which is implemented and solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with a staggered algorithm. Numerical examples validate the model’s accuracy, confirming its ability to predict complex crack growth and demonstrating the importance of the rate-dependent term for stabilizing simulations at large strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}