Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107580
Farzaneh Zareian, Mehdi Banazadeh, Mohammad Sajjad Zareian
The main objective of this paper is to develop machine learning (ML) models for predicting the seismic responses of steel moment frames. For this purpose, four boosting ML techniques-gradient boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost-were developed in Python. To create an inclusive dataset, 92,400 nonlinear time-history analyses were performed on 1,848 steel moment frames under 50 earthquakes using OpenSeesPy. Geometric configurations, structural properties, and ground motion intensity measures were considered as the inputs for the models. The outputs included maximum global drift ratio (MGDR), maximum interstory drift ratio (MIDR), base shear coefficient (BSC), and maximum floor acceleration (MFA). The study also investigated the effectiveness of the ML models in estimating fragility curves for an 8-story steel frame at different performance levels. Finally, a web application was developed to facilitate the estimation of the peak dynamic responses for steel moment frames. The results show that the LightGBM and CatBoost models demonstrate superior predictive performance, with coefficient of determinations (R2) higher than 0.925. Furthermore, the LightGBM models can estimate the fragility curves with minimal errors (e.g., the relative errors in the median values of the predicted curves are less than 10%).
{"title":"Prediction of nonlinear dynamic responses and generation of seismic fragility curves for steel moment frames using boosting machine learning techniques","authors":"Farzaneh Zareian, Mehdi Banazadeh, Mohammad Sajjad Zareian","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107580","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to develop machine learning (ML) models for predicting the seismic responses of steel moment frames. For this purpose, four boosting ML techniques-gradient boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost-were developed in Python. To create an inclusive dataset, 92,400 nonlinear time-history analyses were performed on 1,848 steel moment frames under 50 earthquakes using OpenSeesPy. Geometric configurations, structural properties, and ground motion intensity measures were considered as the inputs for the models. The outputs included maximum global drift ratio (MGDR), maximum interstory drift ratio (MIDR), base shear coefficient (BSC), and maximum floor acceleration (MFA). The study also investigated the effectiveness of the ML models in estimating fragility curves for an 8-story steel frame at different performance levels. Finally, a web application was developed to facilitate the estimation of the peak dynamic responses for steel moment frames. The results show that the LightGBM and CatBoost models demonstrate superior predictive performance, with coefficient of determinations (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>) higher than 0.925. Furthermore, the LightGBM models can estimate the fragility curves with minimal errors (e.g., the relative errors in the median values of the predicted curves are less than 10%).","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107585
Phuc L.H. Ho , Canh V. Le , Dung T. Tran , Phuong H. Nguyen , Jurng-Jae Yee
Shakedown analysis is a powerful and efficient tool for calculating the safety factors of structures under variable and repeated external quasi-static loads, that can prevent structures from incremental and alternative plasticity collapses. RC slabs in practical engineering applications are usually under long-tern variable and cyclic loads, but their fatigue behavior was rarely reported in the literature, particularly for those governed by the Nielsen yield condition. In this paper, dual static and kinematic shakedown formulations based on displacement-finite elements and conic programming are developed. The resulting optimization problems, characterized by a huge number of variables, are effectively solved. A wide range of practical RC slabs with diverse geometries, loading and boundary conditions are investigated, precisely capturing the collapse modes in terms localized plastic dissipation energy and presenting moment distribution at fatigue state. Strengthening strategies are performed in regions with localized plastic dissipation energy, showing that the load-bearing capacity of such slabs increases significantly while incremental and alternative collapse modes are prevented.
{"title":"Bearing capacity analysis of RC slabs under cyclic loads: Dual numerical approaches","authors":"Phuc L.H. Ho , Canh V. Le , Dung T. Tran , Phuong H. Nguyen , Jurng-Jae Yee","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shakedown analysis is a powerful and efficient tool for calculating the safety factors of structures under variable and repeated external quasi-static loads, that can prevent structures from incremental and alternative plasticity collapses. RC slabs in practical engineering applications are usually under long-tern variable and cyclic loads, but their fatigue behavior was rarely reported in the literature, particularly for those governed by the Nielsen yield condition. In this paper, dual static and kinematic shakedown formulations based on displacement-finite elements and conic programming are developed. The resulting optimization problems, characterized by a huge number of variables, are effectively solved. A wide range of practical RC slabs with diverse geometries, loading and boundary conditions are investigated, precisely capturing the collapse modes in terms localized plastic dissipation energy and presenting moment distribution at fatigue state. Strengthening strategies are performed in regions with localized plastic dissipation energy, showing that the load-bearing capacity of such slabs increases significantly while incremental and alternative collapse modes are prevented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107584
P. Minigher , A. Arteiro , A. Turon , J. Fatemi , L. Barrière , P.P. Camanho
Understanding the effect of the material parameters variability on the mechanical response of laminated composites is of great importance for many engineering problems. Not only an accurate sensitivity analysis enables to estimate how much each parameter under consideration affects the response, but the linearization of the output provides also the possibility to, for example, use gradient-based optimization tools and to propagate in an inexpensive way the material uncertainties. In this paper, a material parameter sensitivity study is carried out in the context of continuum damage mechanics applied to predict intralaminar damage in laminated composites. The sensitivity w.r.t. the input material variables is estimated in a relatively inexpensive way from a single run of the Finite Element (FE) model. The results obtained provide a good understanding of the influence of the material parameters throughout the simulation.
{"title":"Material parameter sensitivity analysis for intralaminar damage of laminated composites through direct differentiation","authors":"P. Minigher , A. Arteiro , A. Turon , J. Fatemi , L. Barrière , P.P. Camanho","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the effect of the material parameters variability on the mechanical response of laminated composites is of great importance for many engineering problems. Not only an accurate sensitivity analysis enables to estimate how much each parameter under consideration affects the response, but the linearization of the output provides also the possibility to, for example, use gradient-based optimization tools and to propagate in an inexpensive way the material uncertainties. In this paper, a material parameter sensitivity study is carried out in the context of continuum damage mechanics applied to predict intralaminar damage in laminated composites. The sensitivity w.r.t. the input material variables is estimated in a relatively inexpensive way from a single run of the Finite Element (FE) model. The results obtained provide a good understanding of the influence of the material parameters throughout the simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107583
Feng Guang-rui, Xie Li-quan
An advanced analytical technique known as the Oblique Coordinate Wave Function Integral Method builds on Biot’s wave theory for saturated porous material, has been developed to address seismic wave scattering in irregular media. This method employs an integral representation of scattered waves, solved by using an oblique coordinate transformation within a rectangular coordinate system with wave function series expansion methods. The inverse transformation between rectangular and cylindrical coordinate systems frequently presents convergence issues, this method effectively resolves these issues. Moreover, using a Cartesian coordinate system to solve the scattered wave field, overcomes the limitations of earlier methods. Such as the large arc assumption in wave function series expansion, that often did not meet boundary conditions precisely. In addition, this method’s scattering analytical solutions are used to derive the coherence function of multi-point ground motion from the second-moment correlation function of a random process. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis of key parameters, such as canyon depth, incident frequency, and soil porosity, is performed to assess the robustness of the method.
{"title":"Theoretical study of multipoint ground motion characteristics under V-shaped site induced P1 wave","authors":"Feng Guang-rui, Xie Li-quan","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An advanced analytical technique known as the Oblique Coordinate Wave Function Integral Method builds on Biot’s wave theory for saturated porous material, has been developed to address seismic wave scattering in irregular media. This method employs an integral representation of scattered waves, solved by using an oblique coordinate transformation within a rectangular coordinate system with wave function series expansion methods. The inverse transformation between rectangular and cylindrical coordinate systems frequently presents convergence issues, this method effectively resolves these issues. Moreover, using a Cartesian coordinate system to solve the scattered wave field, overcomes the limitations of earlier methods. Such as the large arc assumption in wave function series expansion, that often did not meet boundary conditions precisely. In addition, this method’s scattering analytical solutions are used to derive the coherence function of multi-point ground motion from the second-moment correlation function of a random process. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis of key parameters, such as canyon depth, incident frequency, and soil porosity, is performed to assess the robustness of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107581
Z. Li , Z. Liu , Z.L. Wang , W.Y. He , B.Q. Wang , Y. He , Y.B. Yang
A novel method is presented for estimating the bridge surface roughness scanned by a single-axle dual-wheeled 3D test vehicle and processed by an augmented Kalman filter (AKF). Two acceleration sensors are installed atop the axle near the two wheels of the vehicle to measure its vertical and rocking motions. Meanwhile, the Kalman filter algorithm is augmented specially for the vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) system, allowing the bridge surface roughness to be treated as the only unknown in the state-space formulation. To meet the invertibility criterion for resolving the dynamic VBI problems using the AKF, the observation vector is restructured by consolidating the accelerations recorded for the two wheels and their derivative displacements. The effectiveness of the present method was validated by the finite element method and demonstrated in a parametric study encompassing various system properties. In addition, a self-made, single-axle, dual-wheeled test vehicle was adopted in the field test to verify the theory presented. The reliability of the present technique was confirmed by its application to a real three-span continuous concrete girder bridge. The results indicate that the present technique is suitable for detecting bridge surface roughness of all levels with low sensitivity to noise interference and vehicle damping. Moreover, the surface elevations identified along the traces of the left and right wheels of the moving vehicle are “spatial” in nature. For practical application, it is recommended that the vehicle operates at speeds not exceeding 12 m/s to keep errors below 2 %.
{"title":"Bridge roughness scanned by Dual-Wheeled 3D test vehicle and processed by augmented Kalman filter: Theory and application","authors":"Z. Li , Z. Liu , Z.L. Wang , W.Y. He , B.Q. Wang , Y. He , Y.B. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel method is presented for estimating the bridge surface roughness scanned by a single-axle dual-wheeled 3D test vehicle and processed by an augmented Kalman filter (AKF). Two acceleration sensors are installed atop the axle near the two wheels of the vehicle to measure its vertical and rocking motions. Meanwhile, the Kalman filter algorithm is augmented specially for the vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) system, allowing the bridge surface roughness to be treated as the only unknown in the state-space formulation. To meet the invertibility criterion for resolving the dynamic VBI problems using the AKF, the observation vector is restructured by consolidating the accelerations recorded for the two wheels and their derivative displacements. The effectiveness of the present method was validated by the finite element method and demonstrated in a parametric study encompassing various system properties. In addition, a self-made, single-axle, dual-wheeled test vehicle was adopted in the field test to verify the theory presented. The reliability of the present technique was confirmed by its application to a real three-span continuous concrete girder bridge. The results indicate that the present technique is suitable for detecting bridge surface roughness of all levels with low sensitivity to noise interference and vehicle damping. Moreover, the surface elevations identified along the traces of the left and right wheels of the moving vehicle are “spatial” in nature. For practical application, it is recommended that the vehicle operates at speeds not exceeding 12 m/s to keep errors below 2 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the Dual Mesh Control Domain Method (DMCDM) put forward by Reddy is applied to solve linear static, free vibration, and buckling problems of functionally graded plates modeled using the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). The material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate according to a power-law. Formulations are presented for linear triangular (3-noded) and bilinear quadrilateral (4-noded) primal elements of arbitrary shape. The influence of the power-law exponents, length to thickness ratio, boundary conditions, and plate skewness on the numerical solution is systematically analyzed. Additionally, the numerical solutions using the DMCDM are compared against those from the Finite Element Method (FEM) to demonstrate the robustness of the DMCDM as a strong competitor to well-established numerical techniques such as the FEM.
{"title":"Static, free vibration, and buckling analysis of functionally graded plates using the dual mesh control domain method","authors":"Zeyu Jiao , Tanmaye Heblekar , Guannan Wang , Rongqiao Xu , J.N. Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the Dual Mesh Control Domain Method (DMCDM) put forward by Reddy is applied to solve linear static, free vibration, and buckling problems of functionally graded plates modeled using the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). The material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate according to a power-law. Formulations are presented for linear triangular (3-noded) and bilinear quadrilateral (4-noded) primal elements of arbitrary shape. The influence of the power-law exponents, length to thickness ratio, boundary conditions, and plate skewness on the numerical solution is systematically analyzed. Additionally, the numerical solutions using the DMCDM are compared against those from the Finite Element Method (FEM) to demonstrate the robustness of the DMCDM as a strong competitor to well-established numerical techniques such as the FEM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107582
Jonathan M. Broyles , Micah R. Shepherd , Andrew R. Barnard , Nathan C. Brown
Advanced construction technologies are creating opportunities to design and fabricate non-traditional concrete structural geometries. While removing structurally unnecessary material can aid in sustainability efforts, it can also reduce a structure’s ability to attenuate impact sound. An assessment of the impact sound insulation performance of custom concrete floors has often been excluded from previous studies because of the large computational cost for simulating radiated sound at high frequencies. In response, this paper presents a hybrid, computationally efficient method to approximate the impact sound performance of floors by strategically using the air-hemisphere method for a subset of low frequencies, while relying on the structure’s radiation efficiency at higher frequencies. This method improves upon existing strategies to discretize the receiving side of the floor for impact sound performance. To demonstrate this method, six anthropometric walking paths are simulated on four non-traditional floor geometries and three conventional floor slabs. The simulated results are compared to experimentally obtained dynamic behavior for the custom slabs and full-scale tests of impact sound for the conventional slabs. The proposed method is much more efficient than maintaining high resolution discretization across all frequencies, leading to significant computational time savings. Efficient simulations for determining the impact sound insulation of non-traditional structures may further enable the design of novel floor geometries, potentially accelerating their implementation in buildings.
{"title":"A computationally efficient method for evaluating impact sound insulation for custom concrete floor geometries","authors":"Jonathan M. Broyles , Micah R. Shepherd , Andrew R. Barnard , Nathan C. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced construction technologies are creating opportunities to design and fabricate non-traditional concrete structural geometries. While removing structurally unnecessary material can aid in sustainability efforts, it can also reduce a structure’s ability to attenuate impact sound. An assessment of the impact sound insulation performance of custom concrete floors has often been excluded from previous studies because of the large computational cost for simulating radiated sound at high frequencies. In response, this paper presents a hybrid, computationally efficient method to approximate the impact sound performance of floors by strategically using the air-hemisphere method for a subset of low frequencies, while relying on the structure’s radiation efficiency at higher frequencies. This method improves upon existing strategies to discretize the receiving side of the floor for impact sound performance. To demonstrate this method, six anthropometric walking paths are simulated on four non-traditional floor geometries and three conventional floor slabs. The simulated results are compared to experimentally obtained dynamic behavior for the custom slabs and full-scale tests of impact sound for the conventional slabs. The proposed method is much more efficient than maintaining high resolution discretization across all frequencies, leading to significant computational time savings. Efficient simulations for determining the impact sound insulation of non-traditional structures may further enable the design of novel floor geometries, potentially accelerating their implementation in buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107554
Dafer K. Jadaan , Jessica Rimsza , Reese Jones , Richard A. Regueiro
A combined Mode I-II cohesive zone (CZ) elasto-plastic constitutive model, and a two-dimensional (2D) cohesive interface element (CIE) are formulated and implemented at small strain within an ABAQUS User Element (UEL) for simulating 2D crack nucleation and propagation in fluid-saturated porous media. The CZ model mitigates problems of convergence for the global Newton-Raphson solver within ABAQUS, which when combined with a viscous stabilization procedure allows for simulation of post-peak response under load control for coupled poromechanical finite element analysis, such as concrete gravity dam stability analysis. Verification examples are presented, along with a more complex ambient limestone-concrete wedge fracture experiment, water-pressurized concrete wedge experiment, and concrete gravity dam stability analyses. A calibration procedure for estimating the CZ parameters is demonstrated with the limestone-concrete wedge fracture process. For the water-pressurized concrete wedge fracture experiment it is shown that the inherent time-dependence of the poromechanical CIE analysis provides a good match with experimental force versus displacement results at various crack mouth opening rates, yet misses the pore water pressure evolution ahead of the crack tip propagation. This is likely a result of the concrete being partially-saturated in the experiment, whereas the finite element analysis assumes fully water saturated concrete. For the concrete gravity dam analysis, it is shown that base crack opening and associated water uplift pressure leads to a reduced Factor of Safety, which is confirmed by separate analytical calculations.
{"title":"Poromechanical cohesive interface element with combined Mode I-II cohesive zone elastoplasticity for simulating fracture in fluid-saturated porous media","authors":"Dafer K. Jadaan , Jessica Rimsza , Reese Jones , Richard A. Regueiro","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combined Mode I-II cohesive zone (CZ) elasto-plastic constitutive model, and a two-dimensional (2D) cohesive interface element (CIE) are formulated and implemented at small strain within an ABAQUS User Element (UEL) for simulating 2D crack nucleation and propagation in fluid-saturated porous media. The CZ model mitigates problems of convergence for the global Newton-Raphson solver within ABAQUS, which when combined with a viscous stabilization procedure allows for simulation of post-peak response under load control for coupled poromechanical finite element analysis, such as concrete gravity dam stability analysis. Verification examples are presented, along with a more complex ambient limestone-concrete wedge fracture experiment, water-pressurized concrete wedge experiment, and concrete gravity dam stability analyses. A calibration procedure for estimating the CZ parameters is demonstrated with the limestone-concrete wedge fracture process. For the water-pressurized concrete wedge fracture experiment it is shown that the inherent time-dependence of the poromechanical CIE analysis provides a good match with experimental force versus displacement results at various crack mouth opening rates, yet misses the pore water pressure evolution ahead of the crack tip propagation. This is likely a result of the concrete being partially-saturated in the experiment, whereas the finite element analysis assumes fully water saturated concrete. For the concrete gravity dam analysis, it is shown that base crack opening and associated water uplift pressure leads to a reduced Factor of Safety, which is confirmed by separate analytical calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107570
Jinhang Zhou , Yan Zeng , Gang Li
The finite particle method (FPM), a novel numerical analysis approach for simulating structural statics and dynamics, is introduced into the field of structural optimization through the development of a new structural sensitivity analysis procedure. Using FPM, we can analyze static and dynamic structural responses, including typical nonlinear behaviors, based on a system composed of a finite number of particles. The new sensitivity analysis procedure integrates seamlessly with the general time-difference scheme of FPM. In the initial application of this sensitivity analysis procedure, we focus on the static optimization of truss structures. Optimization strategies tailored to truss structures are developed by predicting static responses via FPM. The positions of improperly placed particles are adjusted through particle fusion and projection strategies to achieve a reasonable configuration, enabling collaborative size, shape, and topology optimization. Various 2D and 3D numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the static optimization framework, made possible by the new sensitivity analysis procedure and FPM.
{"title":"Size, shape and topology optimization of truss structure via the finite particle method","authors":"Jinhang Zhou , Yan Zeng , Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The finite particle method (FPM), a novel numerical analysis approach for simulating structural statics and dynamics, is introduced into the field of structural optimization through the development of a new structural sensitivity analysis procedure. Using FPM, we can analyze static and dynamic structural responses, including typical nonlinear behaviors, based on a system composed of a finite number of particles. The new sensitivity analysis procedure integrates seamlessly with the general time-difference scheme of FPM. In the initial application of this sensitivity analysis procedure, we focus on the static optimization of truss structures. Optimization strategies tailored to truss structures are developed by predicting static responses via FPM. The positions of improperly placed particles are adjusted through particle fusion and projection strategies to achieve a reasonable configuration, enabling collaborative size, shape, and topology optimization. Various 2D and 3D numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the static optimization framework, made possible by the new sensitivity analysis procedure and FPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 107570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2024.107573
Q.Q. Li, Y.Q. Guo, B.R. Peng
In the previous researches, the dispersion property of periodically layered media (PLM) is mainly represented by the frequency-wavenumber spectra. Here this paper studies the complete dispersion characteristics of elastic waves along arbitrary direction in space in periodically layered arbitrarily-anisotropic media (PLAM) by the comprehensive frequency-related dispersion surfaces and their profiles. The present model deems that the wave components in the thickness and layering directions are both variable quantities and considers their interrelation effect. For obtaining the general propagation characteristics of Floquet-Bloch waves, firstly the partial waves in the constituent layers of triclinic materials are described by the state-space formalism. Secondly, considering the traveling within the constituent layers, the multiple scattering at the interfaces and the periodicity across the unit cell of these partial waves, the dispersion equation is derived by the method of reverberation-ray matrix (MRRM), which is further solved by the golden section and bisection methods in combination. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the analysis method and to illustrate the comprehensive frequency-related dispersion surfaces and their profiles on four typical sections. On the basis of these numerical results, the general and complete band and dispersion characteristics of the Floquet-Bloch waves in general PLAM are summarized in detail. It is discovered that with respect to the thickness-directed components of wave quantities, the dispersion surfaces and curves reflect the band characteristic of Floquet-Bloch waves on the frequency axis due to the repeated configuration (periodic condition) along the thickness, and the wave repulsion between neighboring orders of modes and the wave coupling between different kinds of modes (Primary and Shear modes) generally contribute to the formation of frequency bands. It is also found that with respect to the layering-directed components of wave quantities, the dispersion surfaces and curves indicate the cutoff property and the continuously-propagating characteristic of Floquet-Bloch waves as the frequency below and above the cutoff frequencies, respectively, which are caused separately by the multiple scattering of waves at interfaces and by the wave conversion between neighboring orders of modes subjected to the Snell’s law due to infinitely expanding configuration along the layering.
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