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MIASS: A multi-interactive attention model for sleep staging via EEG and EOG signals MIASS:通过脑电图和眼电图信号进行睡眠分期的多交互式注意力模型
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109852
Xuhui Wang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Wenxin Lai
Sleep staging is essential for sleep analysis. Recent studies have attempted to integrate multi-modal signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) to enhance model sensitivity. However, these attempts still face limitations in effectively fusing multi-modal signals, particularly in capturing both global and fine-grained interaction information in sleep epochs simultaneously. To address this, we propose a multi-interactive model (MIASS) that integrates two core modules, the global information interaction (GII) module and the fine-grained information interaction (FII) module. The GII module can effectively capture the global correlation paradigm in EEG and EOG at the epoch level by combining the global channel and spatial attentions with a residual network. The FII module explores the fine-grained correlation paradigm between small EEG and EOG segments within epochs using the cross-attention mechanism to achieve more fine-grained interaction information. The combination of these modules increased the accuracy of the model up to 89.2%, 86.6% and 89.7% on the SleepEDF-20, SleepEDF-78 and SHHS datasets, respectively, which outperforms the comparison models by 0.2–5.7%. The ablation study confirmed the benefits of integrating global and fine-grained correlation paradigms to enhance sleep staging performance, and the model input study demonstrated that MIASS maintains good performance under various input conditions.
睡眠分期对睡眠分析至关重要。最近的研究尝试整合脑电图(EEG)和脑电图(EOG)等多模态信号,以提高模型灵敏度。然而,这些尝试在有效融合多模态信号方面仍存在局限性,尤其是在同时捕捉睡眠时序中的全局和细粒度交互信息方面。为此,我们提出了一种多交互模型(MIASS),该模型集成了两个核心模块,即全局信息交互(GII)模块和细粒度信息交互(FII)模块。全局信息交互(GII)模块通过将全局信道和空间注意力与残差网络相结合,可有效捕捉 EEG 和 EOG 在历时水平上的全局相关范例。FII 模块则利用交叉注意机制,探索历时内小段脑电图和脑电图之间的细粒度相关范式,以获得更细粒度的交互信息。这些模块的组合使模型在 SleepEDF-20、SleepEDF-78 和 SHHS 数据集上的准确率分别提高到 89.2%、86.6% 和 89.7%,比对比模型高出 0.2-5.7%。消融研究证实了整合全局和细粒度相关范式对提高睡眠分期性能的益处,而模型输入研究则表明 MIASS 在各种输入条件下都能保持良好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Improved beluga whale optimization-based variable universe fuzzy controller for brushless direct current motors of electric tractors 用于电动拖拉机无刷直流电机的基于白鲸优化的改进型可变宇宙模糊控制器
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109866
Xionglin He , Qiang Yu , Xinjia Pan , Longze Liu , Zihong Jiang , Wenyao Zhao , Rui Fan
Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are widely used in electric tractor powertrains, but torque ripple remains a challenge. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are effective in steady-state regulation but struggle with load-induced uncertainties. A new method for tuning sensorless BLDC motors by integrating improved Beluga Whale Optimization (IBWO) with an optimal variable universe fuzzy (VUF) controller is proposed. The enhanced IBWO addresses limitations in solving nonlinear systems, optimizing the VUF controller for precise torque control. A fast non-singular terminal sliding mode observer is also introduced for accurate state estimation. The IBWO adjusts the VUF controller parameters in real time, enabling adaptive torque and speed regulation, thereby reducing overshoot and torque ripple. To validate the proposed approach, a dual closed-loop control model is designed to simulate motor behavior under no load, variable load, and variable speed conditions during plowing operations. The results show that the proposed controller reduces torque ripple by at least 75 % and 60 % compared to PID and fuzzy controllers, respectively, and improves speed regulation time by over 26 %, with steady-state errors of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.12 rpm (rpm) under different conditions.
无刷直流(BLDC)电机广泛应用于电动拖拉机动力系统中,但扭矩纹波仍是一个难题。比例积分微分 (PID) 控制器在稳态调节方面很有效,但在负载引起的不确定性方面却举步维艰。本文提出了一种新方法,通过将改进的白鲸优化(IBWO)与最佳可变模糊(VUF)控制器相结合,对无传感器无刷直流电机进行调节。增强型 IBWO 解决了非线性系统求解的局限性,优化了 VUF 控制器,实现了精确的扭矩控制。此外,还引入了快速非奇异终端滑模观测器,以实现精确的状态估计。IBWO 实时调整 VUF 控制器参数,实现自适应扭矩和速度调节,从而减少过冲和扭矩纹波。为了验证所提出的方法,设计了一个双闭环控制模型,以模拟犁地作业中空载、变载和变速条件下的电机行为。结果表明,与 PID 控制器和模糊控制器相比,所提出的控制器分别减少了至少 75% 和 60% 的扭矩纹波,并将速度调节时间提高了 26% 以上,在不同条件下的稳态误差分别为 0.6、0.7 和 0.12 rpm (rpm)。
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引用次数: 0
A novel proactive frequency control based on 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI for a high order power system with communication delays and uncertainties 基于 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI 的新型主动频率控制,适用于具有通信延迟和不确定性的高阶电力系统
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109876
Daud Sibtain , Riaz Ahmed Rana , Ali Faisal Murtaza
The stability of the electric power systems (EPS) is essential for the continuous flow of electricity in an extensive distributed area network (EDAN). Mitigating frequency fluctuations is one of the chief challenges in complex power system networks (PSN). The nonlinear dynamics of the electric power systems and the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) will impose additional challenges on the EDAN by deteriorating the system frequency. To affirm better stability of the EPS under several contingencies of load perturbation, communication time delay (CTD), system parameters uncertainties, high renewable penetration, and faults between areas. A proactive frequency control (PFC) is formulated with the ability to counter these challenges by introducing novel 4-degrees of freedom (4-DOF) based hybrid tilt model predictive control (TMPC), and 1+ proportional integral-fractional order proportional integral (1+PI-FOPI) controller is deployed by taking into account frequency deviation, area control error (ACE), power tie and power grid. Utilizes an outer loop to minimize errors and a quicker inner loop to counter act the impacts of disturbances. The 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI is optimized by tunicate searching algorithm (TSA) for high order interconnected power system (HOIPS). The proposed controller shows efficient resilience in reducing frequency fluctuations by depicting a frequency regulation in 1.772 sec, 1.598 sec, 1.950 sec and 2.665 sec for area-1, area-2, area-3 and area-4 respectively.
电力系统(EPS)的稳定性对于广泛分布式区域网络(EDAN)中电力的持续流动至关重要。缓解频率波动是复杂电力系统网络(PSN)面临的主要挑战之一。电力系统的非线性动态和可再生能源(RES)的高渗透率将通过恶化系统频率给分布式区域网带来额外的挑战。为了确保 EPS 在负载扰动、通信时延 (CTD)、系统参数不确定性、可再生能源高渗透率和区域间故障等几种突发情况下具有更好的稳定性。通过引入基于 4 自由度(4-DOF)的新型混合倾斜模型预测控制(TMPC)和 1+ 比例积分-分数阶比例积分(1+PI-FOPI)控制器,并将频率偏差、区域控制误差(ACE)、电力绑定和电网考虑在内,制定了能够应对这些挑战的主动频率控制(PFC)。利用外环将误差降至最低,并利用快速内环抵消干扰的影响。针对高阶互联电力系统(HOIPS),采用调谐搜索算法(TSA)对 4-DoF-TMPC-1+PI-FOPI 进行了优化。所提出的控制器在减少频率波动方面表现出了高效的复原力,对区域-1、区域-2、区域-3 和区域-4 的频率调节分别为 1.772 秒、1.598 秒、1.950 秒和 2.665 秒。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing random forests to detect intrusion in the Internet of Things 优化随机森林,检测物联网中的入侵行为
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109860
Seyede Zohre Majidian , Shiva TaghipourEivazi , Bahman Arasteh , Ali Ghaffari
The Internet of Things (IoT) has created new security challenges by connecting billions of smart devices to each other. One of these challenges is detecting attacks in IoT networks. Traditional attack detection methods are usually not suitable for large and complex networks such as IoT networks. In this research, a new model for detecting intrusion in IoT networks using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is introduced. The main goal of the current research was to improve the stability of IoT networks against various attacks using an optimized machine learning model in a distributed manner. The presented approach uses the advantages of SDN, such as flexibility and centralized control, to improve intrusion detection performance. The proposed method includes two phases: first, the topology of the network is divided into a set of subdomains, and a controller node is assigned to each subdomain. Then, in the second phase, an ensemble classification model based on a random forest is utilized for detecting intrusion in each subdomain. This learning model is a forest of classification and regression trees (CARTs), each component of which is optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Controller nodes can use this classification model to identify intrusion independently or cooperatively. The main novelty of the current work lies in optimizing multiple learning models and cooperatively utilizing them for intrusion detection goals. In an experimental environment based on MATLAB software, the effectiveness of this model for detecting intrusions on two databases, NSW-NB15 and NSLKDD, was evaluated. The findings of the experiments showed that this model can identify the attacks in these two databases with 98.06 % and 99.67 % accuracy respectively, which is significantly higher than the compared models.
物联网(IoT)将数十亿台智能设备相互连接在一起,从而带来了新的安全挑战。其中一个挑战就是检测物联网网络中的攻击。传统的攻击检测方法通常不适用于大型复杂网络,如物联网网络。在本研究中,介绍了一种使用软件定义网络(SDN)检测物联网网络中入侵的新模型。当前研究的主要目标是利用分布式优化机器学习模型,提高物联网网络抵御各种攻击的稳定性。所提出的方法利用了 SDN 的灵活性和集中控制等优势来提高入侵检测性能。所提出的方法包括两个阶段:首先,将网络拓扑划分为一组子域,并为每个子域分配一个控制器节点。然后,在第二阶段,利用基于随机森林的集合分类模型检测每个子域中的入侵。该学习模型是由分类树和回归树(CART)组成的森林,其每个组成部分都通过遗传算法(GA)进行了优化。控制器节点可使用该分类模型独立或合作识别入侵。当前工作的主要创新点在于优化多个学习模型,并合作利用它们实现入侵检测目标。在基于 MATLAB 软件的实验环境中,评估了该模型在 NSW-NB15 和 NSLKDD 两个数据库中检测入侵的有效性。实验结果表明,该模型在这两个数据库中识别攻击的准确率分别为 98.06 % 和 99.67 %,明显高于同类模型。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient multi-criteria cell selection handover mechanism for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) 车对物 (V2X) 的高效多标准小区选择切换机制
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109884
Faiza Rashid Ammar Al Harthi, Abderezak Touzene, Nasser Alzidi, Faiza Al Salti
The deployment of cost-effective small cells to create ultra-high-density (UDN) heterogeneous networks in 5 G networks has emerged as a potentially effective strategy for enhancing network coverage and optimising resource allocation. However, UDN makes network selection more challenging due to the densification of small cells in 5 G and their heterogeneity. This research presents an efficient small cell selection handover mechanism for 5 G V2X networks. The proposed mechanism uses a Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique for the handover best cell selection to improve the overall performance. The proposed handover mechanism is context sensitive and it adapts to changing network conditions, ensuring efficient handovers during high-speed vehicular movement. Furthermore, the mechanism incorporates the concept of small cell Stay Time, which may reduce unnecessary handovers. The simulation results reveal that the proposed mechanism outperforms traditional handover techniques and Handover Decision-making Algorithm (HDMA) mechanisms significantly in terms of reducing the number of frequent handovers, minimizing link failures, and minimizing ping-pong with an average of 66 % reduction for unnecessary handovers.
在 5 G 网络中部署经济高效的小基站以创建超高密度(UDN)异构网络,已成为增强网络覆盖和优化资源分配的潜在有效策略。然而,由于 5 G 小蜂窝的密集性和异质性,UDN 使得网络选择更具挑战性。本研究为 5 G V2X 网络提出了一种高效的小基站选择切换机制。该机制采用多标准决策(MCDM)技术进行最佳小区切换选择,以提高整体性能。所提出的切换机制对上下文敏感,能适应不断变化的网络条件,确保在车辆高速行驶过程中实现高效切换。此外,该机制还结合了小蜂窝停留时间的概念,可减少不必要的切换。仿真结果表明,所提出的机制在减少频繁切换次数、减少链路故障和减少乒乓现象方面明显优于传统的切换技术和切换决策算法(Handover Decision-making Algorithm,HDMA)机制,平均减少了 66% 的不必要切换。
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引用次数: 0
Uneven clustering in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review 无线传感器网络中的不均匀聚类:综述
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109844
Yogender Kumar Sharma , Gulrej Ahmed , Dinesh Kumar Saini
The key component of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the sensor node, which has a battery with limited energy, therefore the power utilization of the batteries must be optimized. Optimization in WSNs is required for energy efficiency and life span improvement. Several optimization techniques are proposed by researchers and clustering is one of the prominent techniques, in the power management of wireless sensor networks. Clustered WSNs provide advantages over normal WSNs such as improved bandwidth utilization, less overhead, enhancement in connectivity of links, efficiently balanced sensor nodes, stability in network topology, lesser delay, and reduced routing tables. There are two ways of clustering: even clustering and uneven clustering. In even clustering, the hotspot problem is caused by the inequality of the power consumed by the WSN's member nodes, which reduces the lifetime of the WSNs. To address the issue of hot spots, uneven clustering types are employed to balance the load among the cluster heads (CHs). Uneven cluster sizes have a significant impact on the communication range and reliability of the networks. Diversified clustering properties and methods of uneven clustering are rigorously reviewed. Uneven clustering characteristics and algorithms are classified and explained in the paper. In this paper, the authors reviewed all the algorithms for making clusters to balance uneven energy consumption and increase the lifespan of WSNs.
无线传感器网络(WSN)的关键部件是传感器节点,它的电池能量有限,因此必须优化电池的功率利用。为了提高能效和寿命,必须对 WSN 进行优化。在无线传感器网络的电源管理方面,研究人员提出了多种优化技术,而聚类技术是其中最突出的技术之一。与普通 WSN 相比,聚类 WSN 具有以下优势:提高带宽利用率、减少开销、增强链路连接、有效平衡传感器节点、网络拓扑稳定、减少延迟和减少路由表。聚类有两种方式:均匀聚类和不均匀聚类。在均匀聚类中,热点问题是由于 WSN 成员节点消耗的功率不均造成的,这会降低 WSN 的寿命。为解决热点问题,采用了不均匀聚类类型来平衡簇头(CH)之间的负载。不均匀的簇大小对网络的通信范围和可靠性有很大影响。本文对不均衡聚类的多样化聚类特性和方法进行了严格审查。文中对不均匀聚类的特点和算法进行了分类和解释。在本文中,作者综述了所有为平衡不均衡能耗和延长 WSN 寿命而进行聚类的算法。
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引用次数: 0
Static security assessment of renewable integrated power systems using ensemble of modified ELM with unsupervised feature learning technique 使用无监督特征学习技术的修正 ELM 集合对可再生集成电力系统进行静态安全评估
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109881
Mukesh Singh, Sushil Chauhan
The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems poses various challenges for static security assessment, including intermittency and variability of renewable generation, uncertainty in forecasting and impact on grid stability. Overcoming these challenges involves utilizing advanced modelling methods, refining forecasting algorithms, enhancing monitoring and control systems for the grid, and developing robust static security assessment approaches specifically designed for power systems integrated with renewable energy generation. A modified Extreme learning machine (ELM) based ensemble approach is proposed in this study, where ELM is combined with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) backpropagation technique to improve the accuracy and robustness of prediction. Further, computational efficiency is improved through an unsupervised feature learning technique in the form of autoencoder to reduce the curse of dimensionality. The ensemble technique provides a comprehensive solution for evaluating the static security of power systems in the presence of uncertainties introduced by renewable energy sources. The uncertainties are incorporated into the test systems by simulating random solar and wind scenarios using a well-established Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through numerical testing on modified IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 118-bus, and an Indian practical 75-bus systems. Results show that the proposed model outperforms base learners in terms of reliability and efficiency.
将可再生能源纳入电力系统给静态安全评估带来了各种挑战,包括可再生能源发电的间歇性和可变性、预测的不确定性以及对电网稳定性的影响。要克服这些挑战,需要利用先进的建模方法、改进预测算法、加强电网监测和控制系统,以及开发专为集成了可再生能源发电的电力系统而设计的稳健的静态安全评估方法。本研究提出了一种基于改进型极限学习机(ELM)的集合方法,将 ELM 与 Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)反向传播技术相结合,以提高预测的准确性和鲁棒性。此外,还通过自动编码器形式的无监督特征学习技术提高了计算效率,从而降低了维度诅咒。集合技术为评估电力系统在可再生能源带来的不确定性情况下的静态安全性提供了全面的解决方案。通过使用成熟的蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟方法模拟随机太阳能和风能情况,将不确定性纳入测试系统。通过对修改后的 IEEE 14 总线、30 总线、118 总线和印度实用 75 总线系统进行数值测试,证明了这种方法的有效性。结果表明,所提出的模型在可靠性和效率方面优于基础学习者。
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引用次数: 0
Time domain correlation entropy image conversion: A new method for fault diagnosis of vehicle-mounted cable terminals 时域相关熵图像转换:车载电缆终端故障诊断新方法
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109865
Kai Liu , Like Fan , Guangbo Nie , Kai Wang , Bo Gao , Jianmin Fu , Junbin Mu , Guangning Wu
The identification of partial discharge (PD) in cable terminals is crucial for the safe operation of trains. However, the complexity of the operational environment and the similarity of PD signals make defect identification challenging. Consequently, this paper proposes a Time-domain Local Correlation Entropy Image (T-LCEI) transformation method, which constructs an entropy matrix to convert raw PD signals into images. These images embed feature and bandwidth information from the original PD data, significantly enhancing the ability to differentiate between similar PD signals. Furthermore, the method combines a Dual Attention Convolutional Neural Network (DA_CNN) for the effective classification of correlation entropy images. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach achieves an average classification accuracy of 99.69% across four typical PD defect datasets, with a testing accuracy of 97.75% in practical scenarios. Compared to existing PD detection methods, T-LCEI offers significant improvements in effectiveness and discriminability. The integration of DA_CNN further enhances recognition accuracy. The study demonstrates that the proposed method excels in PD defect identification, providing reliable technical support for on-site fault detection and maintenance, thereby significantly improving the operational safety of cable terminals.
电缆终端局部放电(PD)的识别对于列车的安全运行至关重要。然而,由于运行环境的复杂性和局部放电信号的相似性,缺陷识别具有很大的挑战性。因此,本文提出了一种时域局部相关熵图像(T-LCEI)转换方法,通过构建熵矩阵将原始局部放电信号转换成图像。这些图像嵌入了原始 PD 数据的特征和带宽信息,大大提高了区分相似 PD 信号的能力。此外,该方法还结合了双注意卷积神经网络(DA_CNN),对相关熵图像进行有效分类。实验结果表明,该方法在四个典型的 PD 缺陷数据集上实现了 99.69% 的平均分类准确率,在实际场景中的测试准确率为 97.75%。与现有的 PD 检测方法相比,T-LCEI 在有效性和可辨别性方面都有显著提高。DA_CNN 的集成进一步提高了识别准确率。研究表明,所提出的方法在 PD 缺陷识别方面表现出色,为现场故障检测和维护提供了可靠的技术支持,从而显著提高了电缆终端的运行安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Bayesian ECG denoising using adaptive covariance estimation and nonlinear Kalman Filtering 利用自适应协方差估计和非线性卡尔曼滤波实现高效贝叶斯心电图去噪
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109869
Hamed Danandeh Hesar , Amin Danandeh Hesar
Model-based Bayesian methods for denoising electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have demonstrated promise in preserving ECG morphology and diagnostic properties. These methods are effective for preserving and enhancing the features of ECG signals. However, their performance heavily relies on accurately selecting model parameters, particularly the state and measurement noise covariance matrices. Some of these frameworks also involve computationally intensive computations and loops for state estimation. To address these problems, in this study, we propose a novel approach to improve the performance of several model-based Bayesian frameworks, including the extended Kalman filter/smoother (EKF/EKS), unscented Kalman filter/smoother (UKF/UKS), cubature Kalman filter/smoother (CKF/CKS), and ensemble Kalman filter/smoother (EnKF/EnKS), specifically for ECG denoising tasks. Our methodology dynamically adjusts the state and measurement covariance matrices of the filters using outputs from nonlinear Kalman-based filtering methods. For each filter, we develop a unique approach based on the theoretical foundations of that filter. Additionally, we introduce two distinct strategies for updating these matrices, considering whether the noise in the signals is stationary or nonstationary. Furthermore, we propose a computationally efficient method that significantly reduces the calculation time required for implementing CKF/CKS, UKF/UKS, and EnKF/EnKS frameworks, while maintaining their denoising performance. Our approach can achieve a 50 % reduction in computation time for these frameworks, effectively making them twice as fast as their original implementations We thoroughly evaluated our approach by comparing denoising performance between the original filters and their adaptive versions, as well as against the state-of-the-art marginalized particle extended Kalman filter (MP-EKF). The evaluation utilized various normal ECG segments obtained from different records. The results demonstrate that the adaptive adjustment of covariance matrices significantly improves the denoising performance of nonlinear Kalman-based frameworks in both stationary and non-stationary environments, achieving performance comparable to that of the MP-EKF framework.
基于模型的贝叶斯去噪心电图(ECG)信号方法在保留心电图形态和诊断特性方面表现出了良好的前景。这些方法能有效保留和增强心电信号的特征。然而,它们的性能在很大程度上依赖于准确选择模型参数,尤其是状态和测量噪声协方差矩阵。其中一些框架还涉及计算密集型计算和状态估计循环。为了解决这些问题,在本研究中,我们提出了一种新方法来提高几种基于模型的贝叶斯框架的性能,包括扩展卡尔曼滤波器/模拟器(EKF/EKS)、非特征卡尔曼滤波器/模拟器(UKF/UKS)、立方卡尔曼滤波器/模拟器(CKF/CKS)和集合卡尔曼滤波器/模拟器(EnKF/EnKS),特别适用于心电图去噪任务。我们的方法利用基于卡尔曼滤波方法的非线性输出,动态调整滤波器的状态和测量协方差矩阵。对于每种滤波器,我们都根据该滤波器的理论基础开发了一种独特的方法。此外,考虑到信号中的噪声是静态还是非静态的,我们介绍了更新这些矩阵的两种不同策略。此外,我们还提出了一种计算效率高的方法,可显著减少实施 CKF/CKS、UKF/UKS 和 EnKF/EnKS 框架所需的计算时间,同时保持其去噪性能。我们通过比较原始滤波器及其自适应版本,以及最先进的边际粒子扩展卡尔曼滤波器(MP-EKF)的去噪性能,对我们的方法进行了全面评估。评估使用了从不同记录中获取的各种正常心电图片段。结果表明,协方差矩阵的自适应调整能显著提高基于卡尔曼的非线性框架在静态和非静态环境下的去噪性能,其性能可与 MP-EKF 框架相媲美。
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引用次数: 0
The coupled Kaplan–Yorke-Logistic map for the image encryption applications 用于图像加密应用的耦合卡普兰-约克-逻辑图
IF 4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109850
Puneet Kumar Pal, Dhirendra Kumar
Chaos has practical significance in various domains, including the stock market, quantum physics, communication networks, disease diagnosis, cosmic events, and digital data security. Chaotic maps are widely utilised for encrypting multimedia data for secure communication due to their sensitivity to initial conditions and unpredictability. However, some chaotic maps suffer from weak chaotic dynamics that can make them vulnerable to certain types of attacks, limiting their effectiveness in sensitive applications such as encryption or secure communication in military operations and personal data. This research study proposes a novel nonlinear discrete chaotic map termed a coupled Kaplan–Yorke-Logistic map. By coupling chaotic maps, the Kaplan–Yorke map and the Logistic map, we have significantly enhanced key features such as the length of chaotic orbits, output distribution, and the security of chaotic sequences. An empirical assessment of the proposed coupled Kaplan–Yorke-Logistic map in terms of several measures such as bifurcation diagrams, phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponent analysis, permutation entropy, and sample entropy shows promising ergodicity and a diverse range of hyperchaotic behaviours compared to several recent chaotic maps. Consequently, the proposed map is utilised to develop an efficient image encryption algorithm. The encryption algorithm employs a methodology that utilises simultaneous confusion and diffusion processes aiming to significantly reduce the computation time for encryption and decryption processes for real-time applications without compromising the security parameters. A thorough assessment of the proposed image encryption algorithm is performed on a variety of image datasets by utilising multiple cryptanalysis methods, including key space analysis, information entropy, correlation coefficient evaluation, differential attack, key sensitivity testing, histogram analysis, computational time analysis, and occlusion and noise attacks. Comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art methods indicates the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
混沌在股票市场、量子物理、通信网络、疾病诊断、宇宙事件和数字数据安全等多个领域都具有实际意义。由于混沌图对初始条件的敏感性和不可预测性,它被广泛用于加密多媒体数据以确保通信安全。然而,有些混沌图的混沌动力学较弱,容易受到某些类型的攻击,限制了其在军事行动和个人数据加密或安全通信等敏感应用中的有效性。本研究提出了一种新型非线性离散混沌图,称为耦合卡普兰-约克-逻辑图。通过耦合混沌图、Kaplan-Yorke图和Logistic图,我们显著增强了混沌轨道长度、输出分布和混沌序列安全性等关键特性。根据分岔图、相图、李亚普诺夫指数分析、置换熵和样本熵等几种测量方法,对所提出的卡普兰-约克-逻辑耦合图进行了实证评估,结果表明,与最近提出的几种混沌图相比,卡普兰-约克-逻辑耦合图具有良好的遍历性和多种超混沌行为。因此,我们利用所提出的混沌图开发了一种高效的图像加密算法。该加密算法采用了一种利用同步混沌和扩散过程的方法,旨在大幅减少实时应用中加密和解密过程的计算时间,同时不影响安全参数。利用多种密码分析方法,包括密钥空间分析、信息熵、相关系数评估、差分攻击、密钥灵敏度测试、直方图分析、计算时间分析以及遮挡和噪声攻击,在各种图像数据集上对所提出的图像加密算法进行了全面评估。与最先进方法的对比分析表明了所提出算法的优越性。
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