Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74309
Praveen. P, M. S. Ayyanagowdar, S.S. Prakash, B. S. Polisgowdar, B. M. Babu, G.S. Yadahalli, Rajashekhar, M
The optimization model has been developed using linear programming by considering the stochastic nature of the inflows to the reservoir and solved for different storage water availability levels in reservoir viz., 60 per cent, 70per cent, 80per cent, 90per cent and 100 per cent to obtain various cropping patterns under canal command area. Linear programming is used either to maximize or minimize a given objective function. The total command area for cultivation is likely divided between the Kharif and Rabi seasons, with different crops being prioritized in each season based on their growing conditions and water availability. The existing area of 2639.38 ha for paddy is significantly reduced to a constant 1000 ha in the optimized scenarios, regardless of water availability. Sugarcane, with present area of 296.54 ha, the area is increased to 1722.13 ha under 100 per cent water availability but is reduced progressively to just 410.13 ha at 60per cent water availability. Optimization trend highlights finger millet's resilience and suitability under lower water conditions, making it a preferred crop when water is scarce.
{"title":"Proposed Optimized Cropping Pattern for Different Water Availability Scenarios in Markonahalli Reservoir for Upper Shimsha Irrigation Project, Karnataka, India","authors":"Praveen. P, M. S. Ayyanagowdar, S.S. Prakash, B. S. Polisgowdar, B. M. Babu, G.S. Yadahalli, Rajashekhar, M","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74309","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization model has been developed using linear programming by considering the stochastic nature of the inflows to the reservoir and solved for different storage water availability levels in reservoir viz., 60 per cent, 70per cent, 80per cent, 90per cent and 100 per cent to obtain various cropping patterns under canal command area. Linear programming is used either to maximize or minimize a given objective function. The total command area for cultivation is likely divided between the Kharif and Rabi seasons, with different crops being prioritized in each season based on their growing conditions and water availability. The existing area of 2639.38 ha for paddy is significantly reduced to a constant 1000 ha in the optimized scenarios, regardless of water availability. Sugarcane, with present area of 296.54 ha, the area is increased to 1722.13 ha under 100 per cent water availability but is reduced progressively to just 410.13 ha at 60per cent water availability. Optimization trend highlights finger millet's resilience and suitability under lower water conditions, making it a preferred crop when water is scarce.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74290
Vaishnavi., Udaykumar, M. S., Manojkumar Patil, Suman, L.
Agriculture plays a vital role in supporting the world's population, but it faces challenges like declining water availability and ecological problems caused by concentrated traditional farming. As cities grow and demand for food rises, there is a need for new agricultural methods. Vertical farming is an emerging technology that offers a promising solution to the challenges of global food security. Its controlled conditions eliminate the need for excessive fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in significantly increased yields compared to conventional farming. As the world's population continues to grow and urbanization increases, the demand for food in cities rises, making smart urban-vertical farming an attractive option. The technology's efficiency in land and water usage, along with reduced transportation and storage costs, enhances its economic viability. Moreover, regions facing threats from soil degradation and water scarcity, can benefit from vertical farming's potential water savings of up to 95 per cent and land productivity twice as high as traditional agriculture. The global vertical farming market is projected to grow, offering a promising tool for sustainable food production and resilient urban environments. Vertical farming presents a novel approach to address the challenges of food production and sustainability in the coming decades, fostering a balanced coexistence with nature while meeting the needs of a growing global population. By embracing vertical farming alongside other sustainable agricultural practices, can meet the global food security in future.
{"title":"Vertical Farming: Way for Urban Food Security","authors":"Vaishnavi., Udaykumar, M. S., Manojkumar Patil, Suman, L.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74290","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays a vital role in supporting the world's population, but it faces challenges like declining water availability and ecological problems caused by concentrated traditional farming. As cities grow and demand for food rises, there is a need for new agricultural methods. Vertical farming is an emerging technology that offers a promising solution to the challenges of global food security. Its controlled conditions eliminate the need for excessive fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in significantly increased yields compared to conventional farming. As the world's population continues to grow and urbanization increases, the demand for food in cities rises, making smart urban-vertical farming an attractive option. The technology's efficiency in land and water usage, along with reduced transportation and storage costs, enhances its economic viability. Moreover, regions facing threats from soil degradation and water scarcity, can benefit from vertical farming's potential water savings of up to 95 per cent and land productivity twice as high as traditional agriculture. The global vertical farming market is projected to grow, offering a promising tool for sustainable food production and resilient urban environments. Vertical farming presents a novel approach to address the challenges of food production and sustainability in the coming decades, fostering a balanced coexistence with nature while meeting the needs of a growing global population. By embracing vertical farming alongside other sustainable agricultural practices, can meet the global food security in future.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"65 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74289
Harpreet Kaur, Sriram Kannan, Venkat Abhiram Earny, Soumi Chowdhury, Amit Solanki, Mamta Singh, Mohammed Ashiq, Vandana Ke, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
Background: Melioidosis caused by the infamous soil pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei could have lethal outcome in patients with diabetes or any other chronic illness-like kidney or liver disease. Unfortunately, it being spread through contaminated soil and water makes farmers and children prone to the diseases. Its higher prevalence in monsoon periods, floods, tsunamis make it an important disease in India. Objective: To present an overall view of Melioidosis in India in last 20 years and future perspectives. Methods: This article of ours focuses on literature retrieved from Pub Med (2004-2024) with two search criteria “Melioidosis prevalence India” and “Melioidosis risk factor India” and presented on the basis of – geographical location of Study site, environmental surveillance, clinical data, outbreak surveillance, risk factors, type of study, data pertaining to drugs, vaccine, diagnostics, novel therapy, medical practice and general lab diagnosis. Results: In general, the number of publications from the Southern India on Melioidosis was highest followed by the East. Publications of review articles were mostly on clinical- epidemiological studies followed by other studies on environmental surveillance or outbreak surveillance. It was also observed from studies spanning from 2010-2022 in India that the symptoms observed in Melioidosis patients included fever that accounted for 86% (SD 12%), Cough that accounted for 26% (SD17%), Joint Pain 23% (SD 21%). The % of pre disposing factors averaged from 9 studies, included Diabetes 75% (SD 9%); Alcohol abuse 19% (SD 9%); Cancer 6% (SD 1%). Clinical presentation included bacteremia 50% (SD 38%); skin and soft tissue involvement 16% (SD 10%); Pneumonia 37% (SD 23%); Splenic abscess 18% (SD16%). In studies from 2012 and 2021, it has been noticed that risk due to environmental exposure has not been significantly high in India and people working outdoor and indoor in varied professions are prone thus delineating the risk to diabetes, lifestyle factors. Conclusion: Using Diabetes and Poverty hotspots for presumed geographical mapping of melioidosis prone states, districts in India could possibly aid in better identification and control of the disease. Further, from this review study, it is noted that the awareness on melioidosis has increased over the last two decades. Publications on Melioidosis were mostly on clinical epidemiology studies and then followed by publications on anti-microbial susceptibility, vaccines, diagnostics, and environmental risks. Studies indicate that owing to out-of-pocket expense, Ceftazidime was seen to be preferred than Carbapenem in the following states from high to low preference: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Telangana and West Bengal. This could be further examined.
{"title":"Melioidosis in India: Epidemiological Insights and Predictions from 20-Year Review of Literature with Note on Inclusive Capacity Building","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Sriram Kannan, Venkat Abhiram Earny, Soumi Chowdhury, Amit Solanki, Mamta Singh, Mohammed Ashiq, Vandana Ke, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74289","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melioidosis caused by the infamous soil pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei could have lethal outcome in patients with diabetes or any other chronic illness-like kidney or liver disease. Unfortunately, it being spread through contaminated soil and water makes farmers and children prone to the diseases. Its higher prevalence in monsoon periods, floods, tsunamis make it an important disease in India. \u0000Objective: To present an overall view of Melioidosis in India in last 20 years and future perspectives. \u0000Methods: This article of ours focuses on literature retrieved from Pub Med (2004-2024) with two search criteria “Melioidosis prevalence India” and “Melioidosis risk factor India” and presented on the basis of – geographical location of Study site, environmental surveillance, clinical data, outbreak surveillance, risk factors, type of study, data pertaining to drugs, vaccine, diagnostics, novel therapy, medical practice and general lab diagnosis. \u0000Results: In general, the number of publications from the Southern India on Melioidosis was highest followed by the East. Publications of review articles were mostly on clinical- epidemiological studies followed by other studies on environmental surveillance or outbreak surveillance. It was also observed from studies spanning from 2010-2022 in India that the symptoms observed in Melioidosis patients included fever that accounted for 86% (SD 12%), Cough that accounted for 26% (SD17%), Joint Pain 23% (SD 21%). The % of pre disposing factors averaged from 9 studies, included Diabetes 75% (SD 9%); Alcohol abuse 19% (SD 9%); Cancer 6% (SD 1%). Clinical presentation included bacteremia 50% (SD 38%); skin and soft tissue involvement 16% (SD 10%); Pneumonia 37% (SD 23%); Splenic abscess 18% (SD16%). In studies from 2012 and 2021, it has been noticed that risk due to environmental exposure has not been significantly high in India and people working outdoor and indoor in varied professions are prone thus delineating the risk to diabetes, lifestyle factors. \u0000Conclusion: Using Diabetes and Poverty hotspots for presumed geographical mapping of melioidosis prone states, districts in India could possibly aid in better identification and control of the disease. Further, from this review study, it is noted that the awareness on melioidosis has increased over the last two decades. Publications on Melioidosis were mostly on clinical epidemiology studies and then followed by publications on anti-microbial susceptibility, vaccines, diagnostics, and environmental risks. Studies indicate that owing to out-of-pocket expense, Ceftazidime was seen to be preferred than Carbapenem in the following states from high to low preference: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Telangana and West Bengal. This could be further examined.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"63 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74308
C. Sudhalakshmi, J. Lekhavarshinee, P. Latha, J. Suresh
Cocoa belonging to the family Sterculiaceae has its origin in South America and later it had spread to Europe, Africa and Asia. In Tamil Nadu, cocoa is accommodated as an intercrop in arecanut and coconut plantations especially in South India. But over the past few years, the acreage under cocoa showed a steady decline and the area currently hovers around 5,000 ha especially concentrated in Coimbatore, Theni and Kanyakumari districts of the state. Price volatility is the key player in culminating cocoa plantations in the state. But the recent global shortage of cocoa associated with climatic vagaries and biotic stress like swollen shoot virus and black pod disease in the leading cocoa producers of the world has prompted a positive note in the price of cocoa beans in India. Government policies like ban on deforestation and engaging child labourers for farming and underinvestment in cocoa gardens in the West African countries also added hue to the problem. A record high of ten fold increase in price was observed during the last quarter of 2023 and first quarter of 2024. According to the International Cocoa Organization, global cocoa supply will decline by almost 11% over the 2023/2024 season. Global price has a direct impact on cocoa plantations in the state of Tamil Nadu as many cocoa orchards were cleared due to the lack of remunerative price. But the abysmal price hike in the global front has invited the farmers to rejuvenate the abandoned cocoa plantations and bring new area under cultivation in Tamil Nadu as price was the key player in giving up the crop during 2010s by the farmers. Abysmal hike in global cocoa price has brought a ray of hope for the expanding acreage of cocoa in the state of Tamil Nadu.
{"title":"Abysmal Hike in Global Cocoa Price and its Implications on Cocoa Plantations in Tamil Nadu - A Critical Analysis","authors":"C. Sudhalakshmi, J. Lekhavarshinee, P. Latha, J. Suresh","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74308","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa belonging to the family Sterculiaceae has its origin in South America and later it had spread to Europe, Africa and Asia. In Tamil Nadu, cocoa is accommodated as an intercrop in arecanut and coconut plantations especially in South India. But over the past few years, the acreage under cocoa showed a steady decline and the area currently hovers around 5,000 ha especially concentrated in Coimbatore, Theni and Kanyakumari districts of the state. Price volatility is the key player in culminating cocoa plantations in the state. But the recent global shortage of cocoa associated with climatic vagaries and biotic stress like swollen shoot virus and black pod disease in the leading cocoa producers of the world has prompted a positive note in the price of cocoa beans in India. Government policies like ban on deforestation and engaging child labourers for farming and underinvestment in cocoa gardens in the West African countries also added hue to the problem. A record high of ten fold increase in price was observed during the last quarter of 2023 and first quarter of 2024. According to the International Cocoa Organization, global cocoa supply will decline by almost 11% over the 2023/2024 season. Global price has a direct impact on cocoa plantations in the state of Tamil Nadu as many cocoa orchards were cleared due to the lack of remunerative price. But the abysmal price hike in the global front has invited the farmers to rejuvenate the abandoned cocoa plantations and bring new area under cultivation in Tamil Nadu as price was the key player in giving up the crop during 2010s by the farmers. Abysmal hike in global cocoa price has brought a ray of hope for the expanding acreage of cocoa in the state of Tamil Nadu.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74292
J.L. Chaudhary, Bhumika Chandrakar, R. Lakpale
Drought is an insidious natural hazard that results from a departure of precipitation from expected or normal and when extended over a season or longer period of time, is insufficient to meet the demands of human, plant and animal activities. Drought can have a serious impact on health, agriculture, economy, energy and the environment. Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate that can occur any where in the world. It is a slow-onset disaster characterized by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage. The study was conducted to analyze agroclimatic drought in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh. Mahasamund district is chosen for the study on agroclimatic drought analysis and also to examine the farmer's adaptability under AICRPAM-National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project. Two time periods have been taken into account viz., annual and SWM season. Long term rainfall data has been analyzed through Weathercock software and pattern has been drawn through Trend software. Rainfall data for Mahasamund, Bagbahara, Basna, Saraipali, Pithora blocks of Mahasamund district were collected from the Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur.Study is as a part of CRIDA, (Hyderabad) sponsored NICRA project which has been implemented in Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) w.e.f. 2011.The result showed significant increasing trend for high rainfall events in summer and winter season particularly for Mahasamund block. Long term data analysis indicates that only Saraipali blocksufferedfrom agricultural drought while other blocks do not indicate any rabi drought. Drought proofing management and climate resilent technologies like increasingwater use efficiency through micro-irrigation, reorientation of cropping pattern, use of suitable drought tolerant crop cultivars, water harvesting structures, deep summer ploughing followed by surface tilling during rest of year should be propagated among farming community.
{"title":"Agroclimatic Drought Analysis in Mahasamund District of Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"J.L. Chaudhary, Bhumika Chandrakar, R. Lakpale","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74292","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is an insidious natural hazard that results from a departure of precipitation from expected or normal and when extended over a season or longer period of time, is insufficient to meet the demands of human, plant and animal activities. Drought can have a serious impact on health, agriculture, economy, energy and the environment. Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate that can occur any where in the world. It is a slow-onset disaster characterized by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage. The study was conducted to analyze agroclimatic drought in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh. Mahasamund district is chosen for the study on agroclimatic drought analysis and also to examine the farmer's adaptability under AICRPAM-National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project. Two time periods have been taken into account viz., annual and SWM season. Long term rainfall data has been analyzed through Weathercock software and pattern has been drawn through Trend software. Rainfall data for Mahasamund, Bagbahara, Basna, Saraipali, Pithora blocks of Mahasamund district were collected from the Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur.Study is as a part of CRIDA, (Hyderabad) sponsored NICRA project which has been implemented in Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) w.e.f. 2011.The result showed significant increasing trend for high rainfall events in summer and winter season particularly for Mahasamund block. Long term data analysis indicates that only Saraipali blocksufferedfrom agricultural drought while other blocks do not indicate any rabi drought. Drought proofing management and climate resilent technologies like increasingwater use efficiency through micro-irrigation, reorientation of cropping pattern, use of suitable drought tolerant crop cultivars, water harvesting structures, deep summer ploughing followed by surface tilling during rest of year should be propagated among farming community.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74287
Akasha Deepa P U, Anilkumar T. Dandekar
A study on identification and mapping of soil, water and vegetation of Hattikuni watershed in Yadagiri district was carried out using Google Earth and QGIS open-source software. The study area was located in North-Eastern dry Sone of Karnataka at 16˚ 51' 45" to 16˚ 59' 14" N latitude and 77˚ 9' 3" to 77˚ 20' 14" E longitude and elevation ranges from 436m to 622m above amsl. The study area falls under the Survey of India toposheet of E43X1 and E43X5 with an area of 138sq.km. Various Thematic maps were developed using Google Earth and QGIS such as DEM, slope, drainage, waterbodies, flow direction, aspect, hillshade, contour, vegetation and soil maps. From the study we found that there were in total of eleven waterbodies as per SOI toposheets (1960-61) and when compared with Google Earth, only eight waterbodies were found having that too with lesser water spread area as compared with toposheet. The soils in the area were classified into seven classes out of which the fine, mixed and lithic ustropepts occupies the maximum area followed by the rock/scrub land. By mapping of vegetation, we found that the total area coverage was 3456.95 ha which accounts to 24.99% of the total area. This study made a conclusion that Google Earth, QGIS and Toposheet can be used in combination for the mapping, identification and change detection of primary resources.
{"title":"Identification and Mapping of Soil, Water and Vegetation of Hattikuni Watershed","authors":"Akasha Deepa P U, Anilkumar T. Dandekar","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74287","url":null,"abstract":"A study on identification and mapping of soil, water and vegetation of Hattikuni watershed in Yadagiri district was carried out using Google Earth and QGIS open-source software. The study area was located in North-Eastern dry Sone of Karnataka at 16˚ 51' 45\" to 16˚ 59' 14\" N latitude and 77˚ 9' 3\" to 77˚ 20' 14\" E longitude and elevation ranges from 436m to 622m above amsl. The study area falls under the Survey of India toposheet of E43X1 and E43X5 with an area of 138sq.km. Various Thematic maps were developed using Google Earth and QGIS such as DEM, slope, drainage, waterbodies, flow direction, aspect, hillshade, contour, vegetation and soil maps. From the study we found that there were in total of eleven waterbodies as per SOI toposheets (1960-61) and when compared with Google Earth, only eight waterbodies were found having that too with lesser water spread area as compared with toposheet. The soils in the area were classified into seven classes out of which the fine, mixed and lithic ustropepts occupies the maximum area followed by the rock/scrub land. By mapping of vegetation, we found that the total area coverage was 3456.95 ha which accounts to 24.99% of the total area. This study made a conclusion that Google Earth, QGIS and Toposheet can be used in combination for the mapping, identification and change detection of primary resources.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"94 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74285
Jakkireddy Rajashekar Reddy, P. A. L. Prasanna
In this paper an attempt has been made to study role of Geographical Indications (GIs) in farmers’ empowerment and biodiversity management focusing on vegetable crops GIs. Data was collected from GI registry website. Till 2023-24, 200 agricultural GIs were registered constituting 31 percent of total GIs registered in India. Total number of registered GIs in vegetables was 32 constituting 16 percent of agricultural GIs. In case of 19 vegetable GIs, farmers’ organizations were the exclusive registered owners of GIs indicating farmers’ empowerment. But only with respect to 13 vegetable GIs, authorised users were registered till 2023-24, indicating gap and lag in effective use of GIs in farmers’ empowerment. Registered vegetables GIs were spread across 10 crops. Maximum number of GIs were registered in chilli crop (14) and it was followed by brinjal (6). 32 Vegetable GIs registered in India were spread across 16 states. Maharashtra state had highest number of vegetable GIs i.e., 5 followed by Goa (4) and Kerala (4). Registered GIs in chilli crop was spread across 13 states. 6 GIs in brinjal were spread across 6 states. Similarly, 3 GIs in garlic and onion were spread across 3 states. This pattern indicates potential role of GIs in agro-biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Geographical Indications of Vegetable Crops in India- Role in Farmer’s Empowerment and Agro-biodiversity Management","authors":"Jakkireddy Rajashekar Reddy, P. A. L. Prasanna","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74285","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an attempt has been made to study role of Geographical Indications (GIs) in farmers’ empowerment and biodiversity management focusing on vegetable crops GIs. Data was collected from GI registry website. Till 2023-24, 200 agricultural GIs were registered constituting 31 percent of total GIs registered in India. Total number of registered GIs in vegetables was 32 constituting 16 percent of agricultural GIs. In case of 19 vegetable GIs, farmers’ organizations were the exclusive registered owners of GIs indicating farmers’ empowerment. But only with respect to 13 vegetable GIs, authorised users were registered till 2023-24, indicating gap and lag in effective use of GIs in farmers’ empowerment. Registered vegetables GIs were spread across 10 crops. Maximum number of GIs were registered in chilli crop (14) and it was followed by brinjal (6). 32 Vegetable GIs registered in India were spread across 16 states. Maharashtra state had highest number of vegetable GIs i.e., 5 followed by Goa (4) and Kerala (4). Registered GIs in chilli crop was spread across 13 states. 6 GIs in brinjal were spread across 6 states. Similarly, 3 GIs in garlic and onion were spread across 3 states. This pattern indicates potential role of GIs in agro-biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74286
R. R, A. K, Prahlad P Bhat, M. K N, R. C M, Abhishek Jadhav, B. B
The effectiveness of agricultural extension services in facilitating climate change adaptation among subsistence farmers, assessing their impact on agricultural productivity and sustainability. Agricultural extension services are pivotal for disseminating knowledge and innovative practices among farmers, essential for adjusting to and mitigating the impacts of climate change. The review highlights several successful regional interventions, such as the adoption of drought-resistant crops and water-efficient technologies, and provides a comparative analysis of various approaches to illustrate differing regional needs and outcomes. Despite these successes, significant challenges remain. Resource constraints, both financial and human, severely limit the reach and effectiveness of these services. Socio-cultural factors, including resistance to change and gender disparities, further inhibit the adoption of new practices. Additionally, policy and institutional barriers, such as inadequate frameworks and poor stakeholder coordination, complicate the effective delivery of services. To address these issues, the review suggests tailored, location-specific solutions that consider local climate threats and cultural practices, and calls for an increase in the capacity of extension agents through enhanced training and resources. Policy recommendations focus on strengthening support mechanisms for subsistence farmers and refining policy interventions to better support extension frameworks. The review identifies significant research gaps, particularly in the integration of traditional knowledge with modern techniques and the long-term impacts of extension services, which require further exploration to develop more effective adaptation strategies. Overall, while agricultural extension services have made notable strides in assisting farmers to adapt to climate change, substantial improvements and sustained efforts are needed to fully realize their potential in securing India's agricultural productivity against the backdrop of an increasingly unpredictable climate.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74283
Jayaprakash, R., Arun Malage, S, Jyothikiran.
The inherent capacity of soil is referred to as soil fertility. To estimate the soil and plant nutrient requirements and fertility status, a variety of methodologies and techniques are commonly being used. It is essential to diagnose plant nutrient deficiencies by analyzing the soil with several chemical techniques. The study was conducted at four hoblis viz, Chitradurga, Bharamasagar, Hireguntanuru and Turuvunuruhoblis of Chitradurga taluk, Chitradurga district, Karnataka under the department of Soil science and agicultural chemistry, College of agriculture, Shivamogga KSNUAHS, Shivamogga during 2022 – 23. The survey was employed in farmer fields under arecanut cultivation on random basis along with Geo-coordinates of each sample. Soils were slightly alkaline (6.90) to strongly alkaline (8.70) with higher salt concentration (EC 1.12 dS m-1 at 25° C) in most of the soil samples. The organic carbon content was low to medium (5.44 g kg-1), with higher content in Hireguntanuruhobli. Available nitrogen and potassium were low to high and available phosphorus was low to medium in range. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were high and most of the soils were sufficient. DTPA- extractable micronutrients in soils were low, except copper, showing deficiency in most of the soil samples. Soil fertility status assessment of soils under arecanut crop in central dry zone of Chitradurga taluk helps in the developing sustainable management plan for improving the fertility and productivity of a crop.
土壤的固有能力被称为土壤肥力。为了估算土壤和植物对养分的需求以及肥力状况，通常会使用多种方法和技术。通过使用多种化学技术分析土壤来诊断植物养分缺乏是非常重要的。这项研究于 2022 - 23 年期间在卡纳塔克邦奇特拉都加县奇特拉都加镇奇特拉都加村的奇特拉都加村、巴拉马萨加尔村、希雷贡塔努鲁村和图鲁乌努鲁霍布利斯村进行，由希瓦莫加 KSNUAHS 农业学院土壤科学和农业化学系负责。调查采用随机抽样的方式，在种植油甘果的农田中进行，每个样本都有地理坐标。 大部分土壤样本呈弱碱性（6.90）至强碱性（8.70），盐浓度较高（25° C 时 EC 值为 1.12 dS m-1）。有机碳含量从低到中等（5.44 g kg-1），其中希雷贡塔努鲁霍布里的有机碳含量较高。可利用氮和钾的含量从低到高不等，可利用磷的含量从低到中不等。可交换的钙和镁含量较高，大部分土壤的钙和镁含量充足。土壤中的 DTPA 可萃取微量营养元素含量较低，但铜除外，大多数土壤样本都缺乏铜。对奇特拉杜尔加镇中部干旱地区种植油甘果的土壤进行肥力状况评估，有助于制定可持续管理计划，提高作物的肥力和产量。
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Nutrient Status for Arecanut Cultivation in Karnataka, India","authors":"Jayaprakash, R., Arun Malage, S, Jyothikiran.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74283","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent capacity of soil is referred to as soil fertility. To estimate the soil and plant nutrient requirements and fertility status, a variety of methodologies and techniques are commonly being used. It is essential to diagnose plant nutrient deficiencies by analyzing the soil with several chemical techniques. The study was conducted at four hoblis viz, Chitradurga, Bharamasagar, Hireguntanuru and Turuvunuruhoblis of Chitradurga taluk, Chitradurga district, Karnataka under the department of Soil science and agicultural chemistry, College of agriculture, Shivamogga KSNUAHS, Shivamogga during 2022 – 23. The survey was employed in farmer fields under arecanut cultivation on random basis along with Geo-coordinates of each sample. Soils were slightly alkaline (6.90) to strongly alkaline (8.70) with higher salt concentration (EC 1.12 dS m-1 at 25° C) in most of the soil samples. The organic carbon content was low to medium (5.44 g kg-1), with higher content in Hireguntanuruhobli. Available nitrogen and potassium were low to high and available phosphorus was low to medium in range. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were high and most of the soils were sufficient. DTPA- extractable micronutrients in soils were low, except copper, showing deficiency in most of the soil samples. Soil fertility status assessment of soils under arecanut crop in central dry zone of Chitradurga taluk helps in the developing sustainable management plan for improving the fertility and productivity of a crop.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74282
Gandaa Zb
Agricultural landscapes are continuously changing under the influence of humans and nature, resulting in a variety of local impacts. Agricultural landscapes are the visual result of land uses that represent the cultural landscape group with origin, structure and ecological relations that differ from the natural landscapes. In the White Volta Basin (WVB), ecosystem boundaries are dynamic in both space and time, periodic evaluation is required to determine the boundaries and ecosystem services on which community livelihood depends on. The objective is to identify and evaluate the characteristics of the ecosystem’s boundaries and services in Irrigation Projects. Transect walk and focus group discussions are Participatory Rural Appraisal tools used. These participatory methods enabled the active participation of community members in research. Transact walk provided information on visual and physical characteristics in the ecosystems and focus group discussions with a checklist on thematic areas provided in-depth information on the ecosystem services’ availability and uses. Transect walk not only identifies ecosystem boundaries in a landscape but also aids in the evaluation of the type of provisioning services available between boundaries. From the study, it was established that irrigate ecosystems can be partitioned into catchment, upstream, midstream, and downstream with very distinct boundaries and specific ecosystem provisioning services accessible in the demarcations.
{"title":"Participatory Approach to Irrigated Landscape Ecosystems Boundary Determination: Use of Transect Walk and Focus Group Discussion","authors":"Gandaa Zb","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74282","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural landscapes are continuously changing under the influence of humans and nature, resulting in a variety of local impacts. Agricultural landscapes are the visual result of land uses that represent the cultural landscape group with origin, structure and ecological relations that differ from the natural landscapes. In the White Volta Basin (WVB), ecosystem boundaries are dynamic in both space and time, periodic evaluation is required to determine the boundaries and ecosystem services on which community livelihood depends on. The objective is to identify and evaluate the characteristics of the ecosystem’s boundaries and services in Irrigation Projects. Transect walk and focus group discussions are Participatory Rural Appraisal tools used. These participatory methods enabled the active participation of community members in research. Transact walk provided information on visual and physical characteristics in the ecosystems and focus group discussions with a checklist on thematic areas provided in-depth information on the ecosystem services’ availability and uses. Transect walk not only identifies ecosystem boundaries in a landscape but also aids in the evaluation of the type of provisioning services available between boundaries. From the study, it was established that irrigate ecosystems can be partitioned into catchment, upstream, midstream, and downstream with very distinct boundaries and specific ecosystem provisioning services accessible in the demarcations.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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