Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.6574
Lim Shun Jinn, Lam Weng Hoe, Lam Weng Siew
The construction sector is one of the important contributors to economic growth in Malaysia through Malaysia’s GDP significantly. In this research, 35 companies from Bursa Malaysia, which are selected from construction sector under main market covered year 2006-2021 have been studied. The Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan (2021-2025) was launched by CIDB Malaysia to transform construction industry by utilising the innovative technologies to build a more effective, sustainable and integrated system. This research aims to examine the efficiency performance of each construction firm so that it can be advantaged to policymakers, investors, as well as stakeholders. Through these insights, it can assist the stockholders to make wise decisions in term of how to relocate the resource and investment opportunities. This research uses the DEA model with financial ratios, which included three inputs: debt to assets ratio (DAR), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR) and three outputs: earning per share (EPS), return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) to fill the research gap on the effectiveness of construction sector in Malaysia as there has yet to be a comprehensive investigation by other researchers. The efficiency of the companies was analysed by DEA model and only 8 companies: DKLS, KERJAYA, MERCURY, MERGE, MGB, PRTASCO, PTARAS and ZECON are examined as efficient companies. Lastly, the potential improvement for each inefficient company also have been determined.
{"title":"A Performance Study on the Potential Improvement of Construction Sector Companies in Malaysia","authors":"Lim Shun Jinn, Lam Weng Hoe, Lam Weng Siew","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.6574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.6574","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector is one of the important contributors to economic growth in Malaysia through Malaysia’s GDP significantly. In this research, 35 companies from Bursa Malaysia, which are selected from construction sector under main market covered year 2006-2021 have been studied. The Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan (2021-2025) was launched by CIDB Malaysia to transform construction industry by utilising the innovative technologies to build a more effective, sustainable and integrated system. This research aims to examine the efficiency performance of each construction firm so that it can be advantaged to policymakers, investors, as well as stakeholders. Through these insights, it can assist the stockholders to make wise decisions in term of how to relocate the resource and investment opportunities. This research uses the DEA model with financial ratios, which included three inputs: debt to assets ratio (DAR), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR) and three outputs: earning per share (EPS), return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) to fill the research gap on the effectiveness of construction sector in Malaysia as there has yet to be a comprehensive investigation by other researchers. The efficiency of the companies was analysed by DEA model and only 8 companies: DKLS, KERJAYA, MERCURY, MERGE, MGB, PRTASCO, PTARAS and ZECON are examined as efficient companies. Lastly, the potential improvement for each inefficient company also have been determined.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":" 69","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.124133
Nurfatin Athirah Mohd Hatipi, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, Mohd Nor Md Tan, Mohd Rizal Dohad, Nik Farah Emmyra Nik Kamaruzaman, Nani Fadzlina Naim, Azlina Idris
Agriculture serves as the primary source of food for the global population, playing a critical role in meeting the nutritional needs of people worldwide. With the projected population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, ensuring an adequate and sustainable food supply becomes increasingly challenging. Hydroponics, a technique that cultivates plants without soil by delivering mineral nutrients through water, offers a potential solution. Hydroponics requires only 10% of the space and 90% less water compared to conventional farming, enabling year-round production of nearly organic food. Vertical hydroponic systems, which arrange plants in stacked or suspended layers, optimize the use of vertical space and are particularly suitable for indoor and urban agriculture where land is limited. However, these systems require regular maintenance and monitoring, including managing nutrient solution balance, pH levels, water quality, and lighting conditions. This complexity can pose challenges for growers lacking time, resources, or technical expertise. To address these issues and ensure sustainability, an automated monitoring method is proposed for vertical hydroponic farming. This project aims to develop a system that automates the checking and maintenance of nutrient levels in the vertical farming process, monitoring factors such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, liquid level, and water temperature. The integration of automation technologies in vertical hydroponics enhances precision, efficiency, and productivity by reducing labour requirements, optimizing resource utilization, and granting growers greater control over the growing environment. These advancements result in healthier plants, higher yields, and more sustainable agricultural practices.
{"title":"IoT-Based Smart Vertical Hydroponic System for Chili Plant","authors":"Nurfatin Athirah Mohd Hatipi, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, Mohd Nor Md Tan, Mohd Rizal Dohad, Nik Farah Emmyra Nik Kamaruzaman, Nani Fadzlina Naim, Azlina Idris","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.124133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.124133","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture serves as the primary source of food for the global population, playing a critical role in meeting the nutritional needs of people worldwide. With the projected population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, ensuring an adequate and sustainable food supply becomes increasingly challenging. Hydroponics, a technique that cultivates plants without soil by delivering mineral nutrients through water, offers a potential solution. Hydroponics requires only 10% of the space and 90% less water compared to conventional farming, enabling year-round production of nearly organic food. Vertical hydroponic systems, which arrange plants in stacked or suspended layers, optimize the use of vertical space and are particularly suitable for indoor and urban agriculture where land is limited. However, these systems require regular maintenance and monitoring, including managing nutrient solution balance, pH levels, water quality, and lighting conditions. This complexity can pose challenges for growers lacking time, resources, or technical expertise. To address these issues and ensure sustainability, an automated monitoring method is proposed for vertical hydroponic farming. This project aims to develop a system that automates the checking and maintenance of nutrient levels in the vertical farming process, monitoring factors such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, liquid level, and water temperature. The integration of automation technologies in vertical hydroponics enhances precision, efficiency, and productivity by reducing labour requirements, optimizing resource utilization, and granting growers greater control over the growing environment. These advancements result in healthier plants, higher yields, and more sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.148166
Nazrul Aidil Mat Akher, Mimi Faisyalini Ramli, Muhamad Faiz Abd Latif, Reventheran Ganasan, Mohd Asran Shamsuddin, Zuraidah Ngadiron, Nadia Amena Iskandar
The span term in the Overhead Catenary System (OCS) refers to the distance between two subsequent supports in the running track direction. Longer spans are preferable for economic reasons because they reduce the number of supporting structures. The maximum span along the track was suggested by OCS designers using a structure spacing table and chart with varying wind speeds and radius of curvature. The structure spacing chart is a logarithmic curve that is plotted based on the specifications of the project and design constraints. According to the current design, the maximum span length for the Gemas-Johor Bahru Electrified Double Track Project is 72 metres (GJBEDTP). The current OCS design can be upgraded to provide a greater maximum span. This study looked at the economic benefits of increasing the maximum span length of the GJBEDTP in terms of reducing the total number of supporting structures. The track is separated into many equal-length track sections, and their individual spans are selected using the wind study assessment report and the structure spacing chart. Divide the total track length by the average span to get the estimated total number of supporting structures. In this study, a graph showing the percentage of cost savings and the maximum allowable span is plotted. In this optimization issue, the Elbow approach is used to select a point where diminishing returns are no longer worth the extra expense of going for a longer span. According to the results, the maximum span of 72 m is the ideal span for the GJBEDTP.
{"title":"The Optimal Span Length of the Overhead Catenary System for the Gemas-Johor Bahru Electrified Double Track Project","authors":"Nazrul Aidil Mat Akher, Mimi Faisyalini Ramli, Muhamad Faiz Abd Latif, Reventheran Ganasan, Mohd Asran Shamsuddin, Zuraidah Ngadiron, Nadia Amena Iskandar","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.148166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.148166","url":null,"abstract":"The span term in the Overhead Catenary System (OCS) refers to the distance between two subsequent supports in the running track direction. Longer spans are preferable for economic reasons because they reduce the number of supporting structures. The maximum span along the track was suggested by OCS designers using a structure spacing table and chart with varying wind speeds and radius of curvature. The structure spacing chart is a logarithmic curve that is plotted based on the specifications of the project and design constraints. According to the current design, the maximum span length for the Gemas-Johor Bahru Electrified Double Track Project is 72 metres (GJBEDTP). The current OCS design can be upgraded to provide a greater maximum span. This study looked at the economic benefits of increasing the maximum span length of the GJBEDTP in terms of reducing the total number of supporting structures. The track is separated into many equal-length track sections, and their individual spans are selected using the wind study assessment report and the structure spacing chart. Divide the total track length by the average span to get the estimated total number of supporting structures. In this study, a graph showing the percentage of cost savings and the maximum allowable span is plotted. In this optimization issue, the Elbow approach is used to select a point where diminishing returns are no longer worth the extra expense of going for a longer span. According to the results, the maximum span of 72 m is the ideal span for the GJBEDTP.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.2131
Sulma, Syamsuddin Toaha, Kasbawati, Moh Ivan Azis
Meningitis disease is an inflammation of the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord. This disease can be fatal to life-threatening because symptoms can appear suddenly. Meningitis is also common in infants and young children and can cause complications if not treated promptly. To prevent infection of susceptible compartment and to speed recovery of infected compartments, vaccination, campaign, and treatment are needed to prevent the spread of the disease or at least reduce the number of carrier and infected individuals. Therefore, we propose a model of meningitis disease spread consisting of five compartments, namely susceptible, carrier, infected with and without symptoms, and recovered. Vaccination, campaign and treatment are included in the model mechanism as controls. This study aims to observe the effectiveness of vaccination, campaign, and treatment in inhibiting the spread of the disease and accelerating the recovery of infected individuals. The Pontryagin minimum principle is followed to derive the optimal control problem. Numerical simulation using Runge-Kutta of order four scheme with the forward-backward sweep approach is applied to visualize the curves of state and control variables. From the numerical simulations, it is found that vaccination, campaign, and treatment are reasonable to apply in order to bridle meningitis disease from the population.
{"title":"Optimal Control of Transmission Dynamics of Meningitis Disease with Vaccination, Campaign, and Treatment Factors","authors":"Sulma, Syamsuddin Toaha, Kasbawati, Moh Ivan Azis","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.2131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.2131","url":null,"abstract":"Meningitis disease is an inflammation of the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord. This disease can be fatal to life-threatening because symptoms can appear suddenly. Meningitis is also common in infants and young children and can cause complications if not treated promptly. To prevent infection of susceptible compartment and to speed recovery of infected compartments, vaccination, campaign, and treatment are needed to prevent the spread of the disease or at least reduce the number of carrier and infected individuals. Therefore, we propose a model of meningitis disease spread consisting of five compartments, namely susceptible, carrier, infected with and without symptoms, and recovered. Vaccination, campaign and treatment are included in the model mechanism as controls. This study aims to observe the effectiveness of vaccination, campaign, and treatment in inhibiting the spread of the disease and accelerating the recovery of infected individuals. The Pontryagin minimum principle is followed to derive the optimal control problem. Numerical simulation using Runge-Kutta of order four scheme with the forward-backward sweep approach is applied to visualize the curves of state and control variables. From the numerical simulations, it is found that vaccination, campaign, and treatment are reasonable to apply in order to bridle meningitis disease from the population.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"124 s440","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.258270
T. Anstey Vathani, J. Logeshwari
India is the second largest country having highest population which leads to generation of large sum of wastes. Municipal solid waste generally consists of household and commercial waste. Most of the wastes are collected and dumped in the landfill sites but in certain cases these wastes are dumped in nearby empty places which causes environmental pollution and also leads to spreading of various diseases. Koyambedu Market situated in Chennai, Tamil Nadu is one of the largest markets in Asia having a total area of 295 acres with different shops selling vegetables, fruits, flowers and meats. Around 300 tons of wastes are generated in a day from the entire market. The collected data are analyzed using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to know the impact caused by the wastes that are disposed from Koyambedu. The methodology of LCA makes modelling simpler, gives more clearly defined system boundaries, and reduces the amount of data that is required in comparison to the conventional method of independently comparing two different criteria. The use of LCA is more feasible in order to find the life cycle of the wastes and to find which waste produces more harm to the environment. With the analyzes it was found the emission of methane is more in vegetable waste than in other wastes that are collected from the market. The electricity consumed by landfill is less compared to the biogas plant. It is suggested that small biogas plants can be built near the markets to extract the gases that are produced from the wastes.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Perishable Wastes from Koyambedu Market","authors":"T. Anstey Vathani, J. Logeshwari","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.258270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.258270","url":null,"abstract":"India is the second largest country having highest population which leads to generation of large sum of wastes. Municipal solid waste generally consists of household and commercial waste. Most of the wastes are collected and dumped in the landfill sites but in certain cases these wastes are dumped in nearby empty places which causes environmental pollution and also leads to spreading of various diseases. Koyambedu Market situated in Chennai, Tamil Nadu is one of the largest markets in Asia having a total area of 295 acres with different shops selling vegetables, fruits, flowers and meats. Around 300 tons of wastes are generated in a day from the entire market. The collected data are analyzed using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to know the impact caused by the wastes that are disposed from Koyambedu. The methodology of LCA makes modelling simpler, gives more clearly defined system boundaries, and reduces the amount of data that is required in comparison to the conventional method of independently comparing two different criteria. The use of LCA is more feasible in order to find the life cycle of the wastes and to find which waste produces more harm to the environment. With the analyzes it was found the emission of methane is more in vegetable waste than in other wastes that are collected from the market. The electricity consumed by landfill is less compared to the biogas plant. It is suggested that small biogas plants can be built near the markets to extract the gases that are produced from the wastes.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"104 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.2.111123
Brian Meneses-Claudio, Melissa Yauri-Machaca, Juan Saberbein-Muñoz, Maria Salinas-Cruz, Enrique Lee Huamani, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz
According to the studies developed in advance, there is a crucial problem of doctors analysing computerised images of the chest visually, making a generalised diagnosis for their patients based on their experience, and making mistakes due to the different characteristics of each patient affected by bacteria in their respiratory tract. An infectious disease that has been increasing over the years is pulmonary tuberculosis, which has had around 12.7 million patients infected in 2020, with low-income countries being the main ones affected by this lung disease that is transmitted from person to person, so it cannot be based on the visual experience of the doctor, as this disease causes an increase of bacteria in the bloodstream and damages the alveoli, although there are various methods of detection, they do not provide a complete result on the patient's condition. The aim of this research is to develop a respiratory tract analysis system that will help doctors to detect tuberculosis earlier and more accurately and avoid prolonged infections that could be fatal for patients. The methodology used for this research is based on carrying out a computer analysis of the patient's chest and then carrying out image processing using MATLAB, using its various digital image processing techniques to detect these conditions. According to the system tests, it was observed that the system performs the detection of tuberculosis with an efficiency of 97.40% in its handling, standing out notoriously for its high value of efficiency, in addition to having the precise time for the determination of tuberculosis in the analysis of computerised images. In conclusion, this system can be used in different circumstances of the patient's condition, from the initial symptoms to an advanced stage of the patient's condition.
{"title":"Respiratory System Analysis System for Patient Care Against a Possible Risk of Tuberculosis","authors":"Brian Meneses-Claudio, Melissa Yauri-Machaca, Juan Saberbein-Muñoz, Maria Salinas-Cruz, Enrique Lee Huamani, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.2.111123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.2.111123","url":null,"abstract":"According to the studies developed in advance, there is a crucial problem of doctors analysing computerised images of the chest visually, making a generalised diagnosis for their patients based on their experience, and making mistakes due to the different characteristics of each patient affected by bacteria in their respiratory tract. An infectious disease that has been increasing over the years is pulmonary tuberculosis, which has had around 12.7 million patients infected in 2020, with low-income countries being the main ones affected by this lung disease that is transmitted from person to person, so it cannot be based on the visual experience of the doctor, as this disease causes an increase of bacteria in the bloodstream and damages the alveoli, although there are various methods of detection, they do not provide a complete result on the patient's condition. The aim of this research is to develop a respiratory tract analysis system that will help doctors to detect tuberculosis earlier and more accurately and avoid prolonged infections that could be fatal for patients. The methodology used for this research is based on carrying out a computer analysis of the patient's chest and then carrying out image processing using MATLAB, using its various digital image processing techniques to detect these conditions. According to the system tests, it was observed that the system performs the detection of tuberculosis with an efficiency of 97.40% in its handling, standing out notoriously for its high value of efficiency, in addition to having the precise time for the determination of tuberculosis in the analysis of computerised images. In conclusion, this system can be used in different circumstances of the patient's condition, from the initial symptoms to an advanced stage of the patient's condition.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.1.251262
Dunya Zeki Mohammed
The development of optical networks in the telecommunications sector is becoming much closer by considering the help of an Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) based on a novel technology called Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). The objective of the current study to examine high transmission bit rates for next-generation optical communication networks using the technology of OADM Based on DWDM. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed via MATLAB software to predict three main parameters in this filed such as transmitted signal power (PT), transmitted signal bandwidth (B.Wsig), and transmission bit rate capacity (Bsh) at different fiber cable lengths, such as L=200, 250, and 300 km. The ANNs results showed that, standard error (SE) for predicting PT as a function of the number of transmitted channels (Nch) was 0.115 mW, 0.095 mW and 0.077 mW, for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067 GHz, 0.051 GHz and 0.040 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.665, 1.311 Gbit/sec and 1.076Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The SE for predicting PT as a function of the Signal Wavelength (λ) was 0.116, 0.096 and 0.079 mW for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067, 0.052 and 0.052 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.688, 1.417 and 1.110 Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The low SE in ANNs demonstrated the efficiency, motivating further advancements in optimizing network performance for high-bit-rate transmission.
{"title":"Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers: Enhancing High Transmission Bit Rates in Next-Generation Communication Networks","authors":"Dunya Zeki Mohammed","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.1.251262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.1.251262","url":null,"abstract":"The development of optical networks in the telecommunications sector is becoming much closer by considering the help of an Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) based on a novel technology called Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). The objective of the current study to examine high transmission bit rates for next-generation optical communication networks using the technology of OADM Based on DWDM. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed via MATLAB software to predict three main parameters in this filed such as transmitted signal power (PT), transmitted signal bandwidth (B.Wsig), and transmission bit rate capacity (Bsh) at different fiber cable lengths, such as L=200, 250, and 300 km. The ANNs results showed that, standard error (SE) for predicting PT as a function of the number of transmitted channels (Nch) was 0.115 mW, 0.095 mW and 0.077 mW, for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067 GHz, 0.051 GHz and 0.040 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.665, 1.311 Gbit/sec and 1.076Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The SE for predicting PT as a function of the Signal Wavelength (λ) was 0.116, 0.096 and 0.079 mW for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067, 0.052 and 0.052 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.688, 1.417 and 1.110 Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The low SE in ANNs demonstrated the efficiency, motivating further advancements in optimizing network performance for high-bit-rate transmission.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"20 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.1.4553
Siti Mariam Norrulashikin, Siti Rohani Mohd Nor, Nur Arina Bazilah Kamisan, Nurul Syuhada Samsudin
The rising frequency of heat-related illnesses among adolescences, particularly during the dry season, is quite concerning. High temperatures and heatwaves have been proven in studies to aggravate pre-existing health issues and raise the risk of mortality in this demographic group. Climate change is projected to worsen current health concerns while also creating new ones, especially among vulnerable groups such as adolescents and young people. Unfortunately, there has been little study on the influence of climate change on death rates among Malaysian adolescents. As a result, the goal of this study is to look at the relationship between annual temperature and mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. The study's specific goal is to evaluate the extent to which one of the climate change variables, which is temperature is linked to mortality rates in this demographic group. In this study, a linear regression model is used to analyse data from 1980 to 2021 to investigate the relationship between annual temperature and mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. To isolate the influence of climate change on mortality rates, the study controls for a variety of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The regression analysis results show that temperature is significantly associated with mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. This study gives evidence of the major influence of climate change on mortality rates among adolescents and young people in Malaysia. The findings underline the critical need for targeted treatments and policies to address climate change-related health hazards and protect vulnerable groups.
{"title":"Climate and Adolescence Mortality: Exploring the Linkages","authors":"Siti Mariam Norrulashikin, Siti Rohani Mohd Nor, Nur Arina Bazilah Kamisan, Nurul Syuhada Samsudin","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.1.4553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.1.4553","url":null,"abstract":"The rising frequency of heat-related illnesses among adolescences, particularly during the dry season, is quite concerning. High temperatures and heatwaves have been proven in studies to aggravate pre-existing health issues and raise the risk of mortality in this demographic group. Climate change is projected to worsen current health concerns while also creating new ones, especially among vulnerable groups such as adolescents and young people. Unfortunately, there has been little study on the influence of climate change on death rates among Malaysian adolescents. As a result, the goal of this study is to look at the relationship between annual temperature and mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. The study's specific goal is to evaluate the extent to which one of the climate change variables, which is temperature is linked to mortality rates in this demographic group. In this study, a linear regression model is used to analyse data from 1980 to 2021 to investigate the relationship between annual temperature and mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. To isolate the influence of climate change on mortality rates, the study controls for a variety of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The regression analysis results show that temperature is significantly associated with mortality rates among Malaysian adolescents. This study gives evidence of the major influence of climate change on mortality rates among adolescents and young people in Malaysia. The findings underline the critical need for targeted treatments and policies to address climate change-related health hazards and protect vulnerable groups.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.1.227242
Leun Ming Mei, Muhammad Syahrir Johal, Fakrulradzi Idris, Norlezah Hashim
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with its share of benefits such as spectral efficiency and simultaneous support of massive connectivity, is one of the keys enabling technologies for upcoming 5G. However, in the context of UAV-assisted communication, existing literature mainly focuses on conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) which limits the spectral efficiency and number of simultaneous connections. Existing technologies are using LTE that only can serve 1 user per resource block. The user capacity nowadays is increased, so the existing technologies should be improved to higher user capacity such as 4 users per resource block. This research project focuses on the design of NOMA scheme for multiple users aiming to maximize the system capacity and spectral efficiency of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) hotspot with baseline model and to simultaneously support mobile users. The proposed NOMA multi-users model is then compared with baseline model of 2 users per resource block in NOMA and OMA. The proposed NOMA model increases spectral efficiency, higher throughput and improved user fairness. The project only focuses on downlink communication with stationary users. The parameters measured are Bit Error Rate, Sum Rate, and Spectral Efficiency that depend on power allocation, altitude of UAV, and distance between UAV and users. Based on the simulation results, NOMA which employs Fractional Transmit Power Allocation (FTPA) algorithm has better performance in terms of sum-rate and spectral efficiency compared to those of OMA by as much as 650%. Results are also presented for various NOMA power allocation algorithms.
{"title":"Spectrally Efficient UAV Communications using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)","authors":"Leun Ming Mei, Muhammad Syahrir Johal, Fakrulradzi Idris, Norlezah Hashim","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.1.227242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.1.227242","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with its share of benefits such as spectral efficiency and simultaneous support of massive connectivity, is one of the keys enabling technologies for upcoming 5G. However, in the context of UAV-assisted communication, existing literature mainly focuses on conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) which limits the spectral efficiency and number of simultaneous connections. Existing technologies are using LTE that only can serve 1 user per resource block. The user capacity nowadays is increased, so the existing technologies should be improved to higher user capacity such as 4 users per resource block. This research project focuses on the design of NOMA scheme for multiple users aiming to maximize the system capacity and spectral efficiency of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) hotspot with baseline model and to simultaneously support mobile users. The proposed NOMA multi-users model is then compared with baseline model of 2 users per resource block in NOMA and OMA. The proposed NOMA model increases spectral efficiency, higher throughput and improved user fairness. The project only focuses on downlink communication with stationary users. The parameters measured are Bit Error Rate, Sum Rate, and Spectral Efficiency that depend on power allocation, altitude of UAV, and distance between UAV and users. Based on the simulation results, NOMA which employs Fractional Transmit Power Allocation (FTPA) algorithm has better performance in terms of sum-rate and spectral efficiency compared to those of OMA by as much as 650%. Results are also presented for various NOMA power allocation algorithms.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.37934/araset.43.1.201210
Alfin Surya, Aqilah Awg Abdul Rahman, Zaiyar, Hest Marliza
Archidendron pauciflorum skin is a dense waste that pollutes the environment and can be a problem if not properly cleaned. According to previous research, Archidendron pauciflorum skin has a very high potential because it contains flavonoid components and polyphenols with anti-cancer and antibacterial properties. To evaluate the toxicity activity with the BSLT Method and the antioxidant DPPH Method, the scalp is cut into small pieces, dried in the oven at 60 °C, and then macerated for 24 hours in a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate solvents as well as hexane to produce polar, semipolar, and non-polar chemicals. The fibre from each solvent is collected, and the rotary evaporator is used to evaporate it until a thick extract is produced. According to the final findings of the study, the LC50 value (μg/mL) for each solvent is: the methanol value is 111 ppm, while ethyl acetate is 192 ppm. While for the test of antioxidant activity, significant results were obtained on the methanol solvent with an IC50 value of 51.13 μg/mL The conclusion of this study is that the 24-hour maceration period is the most efficient solvent for toxicity to Artemia salina and antioxidants to continue further research in the search for anti-cancer drugs.
{"title":"BSLT and DPPH Methods to Determine the Potential Toxicity of Archidendron Pauciflorum Skin to Artemia Salina and the Antioxidant Potential as an Early Exploration of Anti-Cancer Drugs","authors":"Alfin Surya, Aqilah Awg Abdul Rahman, Zaiyar, Hest Marliza","doi":"10.37934/araset.43.1.201210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.43.1.201210","url":null,"abstract":"Archidendron pauciflorum skin is a dense waste that pollutes the environment and can be a problem if not properly cleaned. According to previous research, Archidendron pauciflorum skin has a very high potential because it contains flavonoid components and polyphenols with anti-cancer and antibacterial properties. To evaluate the toxicity activity with the BSLT Method and the antioxidant DPPH Method, the scalp is cut into small pieces, dried in the oven at 60 °C, and then macerated for 24 hours in a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate solvents as well as hexane to produce polar, semipolar, and non-polar chemicals. The fibre from each solvent is collected, and the rotary evaporator is used to evaporate it until a thick extract is produced. According to the final findings of the study, the LC50 value (μg/mL) for each solvent is: the methanol value is 111 ppm, while ethyl acetate is 192 ppm. While for the test of antioxidant activity, significant results were obtained on the methanol solvent with an IC50 value of 51.13 μg/mL The conclusion of this study is that the 24-hour maceration period is the most efficient solvent for toxicity to Artemia salina and antioxidants to continue further research in the search for anti-cancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":506443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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