Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/26317877221079340
Eric Zhao, Maryann Glynn
Optimal distinctiveness is a theory that emphasizes actors’ drive to be both “the same and different at the same time” (Brewer, 1991, p. 475). Originating as an approach to explain individuals’ self-construals, the theory has expanded over time to embrace the organizational level and beyond, becoming a major area of research where organization theorists and strategy scholars can converse. In this paper, we briefly review the historical and contemporaneous approaches to optimal distinctiveness and note an increasing trend of contextualizing optimal distinctiveness. While encouraging, this trend has fallen short of accounting for four important contingencies that significantly shape optimal distinctiveness and its underpinning mechanisms: organizational hybridity, societal culture, temporal contingencies, and benchmarks for gauging optimal distinctiveness. We discuss these four contingencies and propose corresponding conversation starters to guide future research. These conversation starters have the potential of further enhancing our understanding of optimal distinctiveness, broadening optimal distinctiveness scholarship into new domains, and helping inform and resolve challenges organizations face in pursuing optimal distinctiveness.
最优独特性是一种强调行为者“同时保持相同和不同”的动力的理论(Brewer, 1991, p. 475)。这一理论最初是作为一种解释个人自我意识的方法，随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到组织层面甚至更远的地方，成为组织理论家和战略学者可以交流的一个主要研究领域。在本文中，我们简要回顾了历史上和当代研究最优独特性的方法，并指出了将最优独特性语境化的趋势。虽然令人鼓舞，但这一趋势没有考虑到四个重要的偶然性，这些偶然性显著地塑造了最优独特性及其基础机制:组织杂交性、社会文化、时间偶然性和衡量最优独特性的基准。我们对这四种偶然事件进行了讨论，并提出了相应的会话启动方式，以指导今后的研究。这些对话的启动者有可能进一步增强我们对最佳独特性的理解，将最佳独特性研究扩展到新的领域，并帮助告知和解决组织在追求最佳独特性时面临的挑战。
{"title":"Optimal Distinctiveness: On Being the Same and Different","authors":"Eric Zhao, Maryann Glynn","doi":"10.1177/26317877221079340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877221079340","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal distinctiveness is a theory that emphasizes actors’ drive to be both “the same and different at the same time” (Brewer, 1991, p. 475). Originating as an approach to explain individuals’ self-construals, the theory has expanded over time to embrace the organizational level and beyond, becoming a major area of research where organization theorists and strategy scholars can converse. In this paper, we briefly review the historical and contemporaneous approaches to optimal distinctiveness and note an increasing trend of contextualizing optimal distinctiveness. While encouraging, this trend has fallen short of accounting for four important contingencies that significantly shape optimal distinctiveness and its underpinning mechanisms: organizational hybridity, societal culture, temporal contingencies, and benchmarks for gauging optimal distinctiveness. We discuss these four contingencies and propose corresponding conversation starters to guide future research. These conversation starters have the potential of further enhancing our understanding of optimal distinctiveness, broadening optimal distinctiveness scholarship into new domains, and helping inform and resolve challenges organizations face in pursuing optimal distinctiveness.","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88395982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09352-x
Scott Rager, A. Leung, Shannon Pinegar, Jennifer Mangels, M. S. Poole, N. Contractor
{"title":"Groups, governance, and greed: the ACCESS world model","authors":"Scott Rager, A. Leung, Shannon Pinegar, Jennifer Mangels, M. S. Poole, N. Contractor","doi":"10.1007/s10588-021-09352-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09352-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":"52 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-28DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09354-9
Sai Yayavaram, S. S. Chanda
{"title":"Decision making under high complexity: a computational model for the science of muddling through","authors":"Sai Yayavaram, S. S. Chanda","doi":"10.1007/s10588-021-09354-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09354-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":"300 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41538723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09351-y
Svitlana Volkova, Dustin L. Arendt, Emily Saldanha, M. Glenski, Ellyn Ayton, Joseph A. Cottam, Sinan G. Aksoy, Brett Jefferson, Karthnik Shrivaram
{"title":"Explaining and predicting human behavior and social dynamics in simulated virtual worlds: reproducibility, generalizability, and robustness of causal discovery methods","authors":"Svitlana Volkova, Dustin L. Arendt, Emily Saldanha, M. Glenski, Ellyn Ayton, Joseph A. Cottam, Sinan G. Aksoy, Brett Jefferson, Karthnik Shrivaram","doi":"10.1007/s10588-021-09351-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09351-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":"220 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47888125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/26317877211054858
J. Mair, C. Seelos
Organizations across sectors appear to be shifting their ambitions from solving social problems to changing entire social systems. This phenomenon offers a timely opportunity to revisit what came to be known as the third mandate of organizational theory. In this paper we interrogate how organizational scholarship can productively explore and theorize the relationship between organizations and social systems in organized system change – an effort by organizations to alter the conditions that generate the characteristics of social problems and their dynamics of change. As a basis for theorizing organized system change, we develop an analytical scaffold that helps researchers to attend to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and to achieve parsimony without blanking out complexity. Grounded in realist metatheory and principles, the scaffold reduces ambiguity, provides a backbone for empirical analysis, and favours mechanism-based explanation. We suggest that generating theoretically interesting and practically adequate knowledge on organized system change requires attention to three system realms: First, the subjectively constructed problem realm of systems concerned with processes of evaluating and problematizing situations. Second, the objectively constituted situational realm that attends to factual characteristics of situations and their dynamics of change. And third, the realm of causality understood as the mechanisms that generate both the objective characteristics of situations and the subjective criteria by which situations are evaluated as problems. In concluding, we reflect on the topics of boundaries and power as two promising areas for theorizing organized system change.
{"title":"Organizations, Social Problems, and System Change: Invigorating the Third Mandate of Organizational Research","authors":"J. Mair, C. Seelos","doi":"10.1177/26317877211054858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211054858","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations across sectors appear to be shifting their ambitions from solving social problems to changing entire social systems. This phenomenon offers a timely opportunity to revisit what came to be known as the third mandate of organizational theory. In this paper we interrogate how organizational scholarship can productively explore and theorize the relationship between organizations and social systems in organized system change – an effort by organizations to alter the conditions that generate the characteristics of social problems and their dynamics of change. As a basis for theorizing organized system change, we develop an analytical scaffold that helps researchers to attend to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and to achieve parsimony without blanking out complexity. Grounded in realist metatheory and principles, the scaffold reduces ambiguity, provides a backbone for empirical analysis, and favours mechanism-based explanation. We suggest that generating theoretically interesting and practically adequate knowledge on organized system change requires attention to three system realms: First, the subjectively constructed problem realm of systems concerned with processes of evaluating and problematizing situations. Second, the objectively constituted situational realm that attends to factual characteristics of situations and their dynamics of change. And third, the realm of causality understood as the mechanisms that generate both the objective characteristics of situations and the subjective criteria by which situations are evaluated as problems. In concluding, we reflect on the topics of boundaries and power as two promising areas for theorizing organized system change.","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/26317877211054860
S. Clegg, M. Cunha, A. Rego, Filipe Santos
The concept of purpose gained prominence in organization theory in recent years but there are discrepant views of its meaning, which we review as evolving and different perspectives: economic theories of the firm; stakeholder approaches; integrative social contracts; and social mission. We elaborate these perspectives in terms of the ebb and flow of ideas and eras. Against these instrumental views, we revisit the work of Robert Cooper, namely the ever-open purpose of expressive organizations, and contrast this with fixist views of purpose in instrumental organizations. We engage with the logic of open purpose and sketch a way of rethinking purpose as a general orientation that constantly evolves and changes over time in interaction with its ecosystem.
{"title":"‘Open Purpose’: Embracing Organizations as Expressive Systems","authors":"S. Clegg, M. Cunha, A. Rego, Filipe Santos","doi":"10.1177/26317877211054860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211054860","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of purpose gained prominence in organization theory in recent years but there are discrepant views of its meaning, which we review as evolving and different perspectives: economic theories of the firm; stakeholder approaches; integrative social contracts; and social mission. We elaborate these perspectives in terms of the ebb and flow of ideas and eras. Against these instrumental views, we revisit the work of Robert Cooper, namely the ever-open purpose of expressive organizations, and contrast this with fixist views of purpose in instrumental organizations. We engage with the logic of open purpose and sketch a way of rethinking purpose as a general orientation that constantly evolves and changes over time in interaction with its ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85475263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/26317877211054854
G. Schwarz, D. Bouckenooghe
This paper considers the way organizations respond to failure by actively repositioning the failed outcome as success. When an organization fails to meet planned goals, they do not necessarily learn from the experience, automatically terminate the plan, or persist with the failing course of action. Instead, another response is to shift original aspirations by recasting what was achieved, acting as if the ensuing failure is positive, despite indicators suggesting otherwise. As a mode of organizational interpretation, this repositioning reformats the criteria for what is success in order to move forward, enabling organizations to continue failed outcomes and their tasks that are well past their use-by date. After detailing this adjustment, we model an active-acceptance protocol on failure, discussing whether organizational effectiveness is predictable from how firms respond to failure in this way. The paper fills a gap in dialogue specific to failing by opening an alternative path to understand how organizations frame failure differently.
{"title":"Repositioning Organizational Failure Through Active Acceptance","authors":"G. Schwarz, D. Bouckenooghe","doi":"10.1177/26317877211054854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211054854","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the way organizations respond to failure by actively repositioning the failed outcome as success. When an organization fails to meet planned goals, they do not necessarily learn from the experience, automatically terminate the plan, or persist with the failing course of action. Instead, another response is to shift original aspirations by recasting what was achieved, acting as if the ensuing failure is positive, despite indicators suggesting otherwise. As a mode of organizational interpretation, this repositioning reformats the criteria for what is success in order to move forward, enabling organizations to continue failed outcomes and their tasks that are well past their use-by date. After detailing this adjustment, we model an active-acceptance protocol on failure, discussing whether organizational effectiveness is predictable from how firms respond to failure in this way. The paper fills a gap in dialogue specific to failing by opening an alternative path to understand how organizations frame failure differently.","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83470835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09343-y
Sultanah M Alshammari, Waleed K Almutiry, Harsha Gwalani, Saeed M Algarni, Kawther Saeedi
Since the early days of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Saudi Arabia started to implement several preventative measures starting with the imposition of travel restrictions to and from China. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, and with the first confirmed case in Saudi Arabia in March 2019, more strict measures, such as international travel restriction, and suspension or cancellation of major events, social gatherings, prayers at mosques, and sports competitions, were employed. These non-pharmaceutical interventions aim to reduce the extent of the epidemic due to the implications of international travel and mass gatherings on the increase in the number of new cases locally and globally. Since this ongoing outbreak is the first of its kind in the modern world, the impact of suspending mass gatherings on the outbreak is unknown and difficult to measure. We use a stratified SEIR epidemic model to evaluate the impact of Umrah, a global Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the month of Ramadan, the peak of the Umrah season. The analyses shown in the paper provide insights into the effects of global mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally.
{"title":"Measuring the impact of suspending Umrah, a global mass gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Sultanah M Alshammari, Waleed K Almutiry, Harsha Gwalani, Saeed M Algarni, Kawther Saeedi","doi":"10.1007/s10588-021-09343-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10588-021-09343-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the early days of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Saudi Arabia started to implement several preventative measures starting with the imposition of travel restrictions to and from China. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, and with the first confirmed case in Saudi Arabia in March 2019, more strict measures, such as international travel restriction, and suspension or cancellation of major events, social gatherings, prayers at mosques, and sports competitions, were employed. These non-pharmaceutical interventions aim to reduce the extent of the epidemic due to the implications of international travel and mass gatherings on the increase in the number of new cases locally and globally. Since this ongoing outbreak is the first of its kind in the modern world, the impact of suspending mass gatherings on the outbreak is unknown and difficult to measure. We use a stratified SEIR epidemic model to evaluate the impact of Umrah, a global Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during the month of Ramadan, the peak of the Umrah season. The analyses shown in the paper provide insights into the effects of global mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8421017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39408535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09342-z
R. Pereira, João Vidal de Carvalho, Á. Rocha
{"title":"Architecture of a maturity model for information systems in higher education institutions: multiple case study for dimensions identification","authors":"R. Pereira, João Vidal de Carvalho, Á. Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s10588-021-09342-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09342-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50648,"journal":{"name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10588-021-09342-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45639089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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