Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory最新文献

英文中文

The Challenge of the Multinational Corporation to Organization Theory: Contextualizing Theory 跨国公司对组织理论的挑战:情境化理论

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221098766

R. Piekkari, Catherine Welch, D. Westney

Organization scholars have increasingly looked to the multinational corporation (MNC) as a convenient research site for testing and developing general hypotheses applicable to any organization. In this essay, we argue that theorizing about organizational processes in the MNC needs to treat the MNC itself as a research object: that is, to recognize that the complex multidimensionality of the MNC will influence the phenomena under investigation and needs to be incorporated into research design and conceptual framing. To do so requires what we term contextualized explanations: styles of theorizing that view context as constitutive of organizational phenomena. We reanalyse an existing study of identity work in the Carlsberg Group to demonstrate the theoretical insights to be gained from a contextualized approach. Our case analysis illustrates how integrating the MNC into the explanation changes our theoretical understanding of the phenomena being investigated.

组织学者越来越多地将跨国公司(MNC)视为一个方便的研究场所，以检验和发展适用于任何组织的一般假设。在本文中，我们认为，对跨国公司的组织过程进行理论化需要将跨国公司本身视为研究对象:也就是说，要认识到跨国公司复杂的多维性将影响所调查的现象，需要将其纳入研究设计和概念框架。要做到这一点，需要我们所说的情境化解释:将情境视为组织现象构成要素的理论化风格。我们重新分析了嘉士伯集团身份认同工作的现有研究，以展示从情境化方法中获得的理论见解。我们的案例分析表明，将跨国公司纳入解释如何改变我们对所调查现象的理论理解。

引用次数: 2

The Politics of Trust: How trust reconciles autonomy and solidarity in alternative organizations 信任的政治:信任如何在替代组织中协调自治和团结

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221098769

E. Husted, S. Just

In this paper, we explore the politics of trust in alternative organizations, understood as counter-hegemonic collectives characterized by an equal commitment to individual autonomy and collective solidarity. Although trust is rarely theorized in studies of alternative organizations, it is frequently claimed to be the glue that holds such collectives together. The main purpose of the paper is to substantiate this claim theoretically. Drawing eclectically on Niklas Luhmann and Ernesto Laclau, we argue that trust serves at least two functions in alternative organizations. First, trust serves as an object of identification for people who long for an alternative to the current state of affairs. Such identification rests on the creation of an antagonistic frontier between the organization and its constitutive outside. Here, trust is understood as a way of establishing alternatives by providing space for individual autonomy. We refer to this as the political function of trust. Second, trust serves as a mechanism that renders possible the reconciliation of otherwise irreconcilable interests and identities. Trust fulfils this function by suspending the temporal distance between present and future, thereby creating an extensive ‘moment of undecidability’ in which competing interpretations of what it means to be alternative may coexist. Here, trust is understood as a way of maintaining alternatives by cultivating solidarity between diverse individuals. We refer to this as the depoliticizing function of trust. Combined, these two functions allow people to be ‘different together’, which is often claimed to be the sine qua non of alternative organizing. In conclusion, we hypothesize that both functions of trust may be operative in mainstream organizations as well, although the depoliticizing function is clearly more prevalent.

在本文中，我们探讨了替代组织中的信任政治，被理解为反霸权集体，其特征是对个人自治和集体团结的平等承诺。尽管信任在替代性组织的研究中很少理论化，但它经常被认为是将这些集体凝聚在一起的粘合剂。本文的主要目的是从理论上证实这一说法。借鉴Niklas Luhmann和Ernesto Laclau的观点，我们认为信任在替代性组织中至少有两种功能。首先，对于那些渴望改变现状的人来说，信任是一种认同的对象。这种认同建立在组织与其外部构成要素之间对立边界的创造之上。在这里，信任被理解为通过为个人自治提供空间来建立替代方案的一种方式。我们把这称为信任的政治功能。其次，信任作为一种机制，使原本不可调和的利益和身份得以调和。信任通过暂停现在和未来之间的时间距离来实现这一功能，从而创造了一个广泛的“不确定性时刻”，在这个时刻，对替代意义的不同解释可能共存。在这里，信任被理解为一种通过培养不同个体之间的团结来维持替代的方式。我们把这称为信任的非政治化功能。结合起来，这两种功能允许人们“在一起不同”，这通常被认为是替代组织的必要条件。总之，我们假设信任的这两种功能也可能在主流组织中发挥作用，尽管非政治化功能显然更为普遍。

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引用次数: 2

Institutional Arbitrage: How Actors Exploit Institutional Difference 制度套利:行动者如何利用制度差异

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221090313

M. Perkmann, N. Phillips, R. Greenwood

In this paper, we explore how actors benefit from bringing together incompatible institutional logics – an activity we call institutional arbitrage – and discuss why they do so despite the challenges it creates. We develop a taxonomy of four basic tactics of institutional arbitrage that are rooted in differences between logics in terms of resource valuation, purpose, practices and legitimacy. These tactics enable actors to create benefits by engaging with actors from fields adhering to different logics or integrating practices from other fields. We also discuss some of the factors that enable actors to deploy these tactics in particular institutional settings. We conclude with a discussion of some of the potential consequences of institutional arbitrage for actors, organizations and the broader organizational field within which arbitrage occurs.

在本文中，我们探讨了参与者如何从将不相容的制度逻辑(我们称之为制度套利的活动)结合在一起中受益，并讨论了为什么他们不顾挑战这样做。我们对制度套利的四种基本策略进行了分类，这些策略植根于资源估值、目的、实践和合法性方面的逻辑差异。这些策略使参与者能够通过与遵循不同逻辑的领域的参与者接触或整合其他领域的实践来创造利益。我们还讨论了使行为者能够在特定机构环境中部署这些策略的一些因素。最后，我们讨论了制度套利对行为者、组织和更广泛的组织领域的一些潜在后果。

引用次数: 5

Preparing the Show: Organizational ventriloquism as autocommunication 准备表演:作为自动交流的组织口技

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221098767

L. Christensen, Emma Christensen

The notion that communication is constitutive of organization has been developed in interesting ways, especially by the ventriloqual perspective and its observation that organizations are made present when human and non-human figures speak on their behalf. So far, this perspective has mainly been used as an analytical approach to study conversations. However, understood as a specific type of show or performance act, the ventriloquism metaphor has further potential to elucidate how organizations are constituted in communication. Ventriloqual shows are often meticulously prepared and rehearsed, especially when intended to be performed in front of an outside audience. In this conceptual paper, we extend research on organizational ventriloquism by discussing how such preparations influence organizations. To that purpose, we draw on the notion of autocommunication understood as communication through which collectives are animated by their own constructs. Specifically, we focus on those backstage settings where official presentations of organizations are contemplated and planned. In such settings, organizational ventriloquists engage in careful deliberations over the appropriateness of specific figures and discussions about how organizational presentations might be perceived by critical stakeholders. Conceptualizing such preparation as autocommunicative ventriloquism, we discuss how figures invoked in such settings can influence organizations and shape their future practices.

沟通是组织的组成部分这一概念已经以有趣的方式发展起来，特别是通过腹语视角和它的观察，当人类和非人类人物代表他们说话时，组织就会出现。到目前为止，这一视角主要是作为一种分析方法来研究会话。然而，如果将腹语隐喻理解为一种特定类型的表演或表演行为，则可以进一步阐明组织是如何在沟通中构成的。腹语表演通常是精心准备和排练的，特别是当打算在外面的观众面前表演时。在这篇概念性论文中，我们通过讨论这些准备如何影响组织来扩展组织口技的研究。为了达到这个目的，我们借鉴了自沟通的概念，将其理解为集体通过自己的结构被激活的沟通。具体来说，我们关注的是那些考虑和计划组织官方演示的后台设置。在这种情况下，组织口技家会仔细考虑具体数字的适当性，并讨论组织演示如何被关键利益相关者感知。将这种准备概念化为自动沟通的腹语，我们讨论了在这种设置中调用的人物如何影响组织并塑造他们未来的实践。

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引用次数: 2

Confronting Power Asymmetries in Partnerships to Address Grand Challenges 应对伙伴关系中的权力不对称以应对重大挑战

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221098765

B. Gray, Jill M. Purdy, S. Ansari

Much of the literature on multistakeholder partnerships that addresses grand challenges has extolled the virtues of such partnerships as a means of reducing uncertainty, acquiring resources, and solving local and global wicked problems. These virtues include opening up “access and agendas to wider participation” (Gray, 1989, p. 120), coordinating across jurisdictional boundaries, mobilizing diverse and heterogeneous actors, and generating novel solutions to address these complex problems. Yet partnerships are not panaceas, and the reasons they fall short of their stated aspirations remain underexplored. We argue that attention to the political landscape, and particularly who has power and who does not, can account for the shortfalls of many partnerships. Theory and practice can improve by considering power dynamics in the institutional field that shapes the context in which partnerships unfold and influences the problems partnerships are designed to affect. We consider four field conditions that differ with respect to the degree of power and alignment of goals among actors in the field. We discuss four trajectories of change originating from each of these field conditions that describe shifts in field-level power or alignment of goals: collaboration, contention, consciousness raising, and compliance. We explore the dynamics associated with each trajectory to show how fields may shift toward or away from conditions conducive to building and sustaining collaborative partnerships around grand challenges.

许多关于解决重大挑战的多方利益相关者伙伴关系的文献都赞扬了这种伙伴关系的优点，认为它是减少不确定性、获取资源以及解决地方和全球棘手问题的一种手段。这些优点包括开放“更广泛参与的途径和议程”(Gray, 1989，第120页)，跨司法管辖区协调，动员不同和异质的行动者，并提出解决这些复杂问题的新解决方案。然而，伙伴关系并非灵丹妙药，它们未能实现其既定目标的原因仍未得到充分探讨。我们认为，对政治格局的关注，特别是对谁有权力谁没有权力的关注，可以解释许多伙伴关系的不足。理论和实践可以通过考虑制度领域的权力动态而得到改进，这种权力动态塑造了伙伴关系展开的背景，并影响了伙伴关系旨在影响的问题。我们考虑了四种不同的领域条件，这些条件与该领域参与者之间的权力程度和目标一致性有关。我们讨论了四种变化轨迹，这些变化轨迹来自于描述领域层面权力或目标一致性变化的领域条件:合作、竞争、意识提升和遵从。我们将探索与每个轨迹相关的动态，以显示领域如何朝着有利于围绕重大挑战建立和维持合作伙伴关系的条件转变或远离。

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引用次数: 16

Slander, Shouts, and Silence: Incumbent Resistance to Disruptive Logics 诽谤、呐喊与沉默:现任者对颠覆性逻辑的抵抗

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221090316

Jesper Edman, Stefan Arora-Jonsson

This paper develops a typology of incumbent resistance to disruptive new logics. Although scholars of institutional change have studied public forms of resistance, a comprehensive understanding of how incumbents oppose disruptive new logics also necessitates attention to the quiet forms of resistance. Conceptualizing resistance as a form of institutional work, we draw on insights from the literatures on institutional change and social movements to develop a typology of public, hidden, and implicit resistance to disruptive logics. Broadening the understanding of resistance work to include its quiet forms enables institutional scholars to understand how field incumbents resist disruption and why such efforts may be successful. A broadened analysis of incumbent resistance is vital for theorizing the past and future resilience of some of the most central institutions of modern society, such as the carbon-based economy and democracy.

本文发展了一种现任者抵抗颠覆性新逻辑的类型学。虽然研究制度变迁的学者已经研究了公共形式的抵抗，但要全面理解在位者如何反对颠覆性的新逻辑，也需要关注无声形式的抵抗。将抵抗概念化为制度工作的一种形式，我们从制度变革和社会运动的文献中汲取见解，发展出一种对破坏性逻辑的公开、隐藏和隐性抵抗的类型学。扩大对抵抗工作的理解，包括其安静的形式，使机构学者能够理解领域内的在职者如何抵抗破坏，以及为什么这种努力可能会成功。对于现代社会一些最核心的制度(如碳基经济和民主)的过去和未来的弹性，对现有阻力进行更广泛的分析是至关重要的。

引用次数: 1

Overlit: Digital Architectures of Visibility Overlit:可见性的数字架构

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/26317877221090314

Mikkel Flyverbom

Despite the ubiquity of digital technologies, data-driven approaches and algorithms, organization theory so far only engages with these developments in limited ways. A deeper engagement with the organizational ramifications of a digital, datafied world is urgently needed and must start from mappings of the phenomenon and the development of better theoretical vocabularies that can guide future research. Complementing the essays by Zuboff and Power in this exchange, my essay suggests a research agenda based on how digital technologies, data and algorithms impact and shape our lives in and around organizations by making us visible in novel ways. I unpack the technological and operational underpinnings of this phenomenon in two steps. The first is a broad conceptualization of the overall shape of what I term ‘digital architectures’. The second is a more granular theorization of how data-driven, algorithmic approaches make the ‘management of visibilities’ a central concern for humans, organizations and societies, as well as some reflections on possible responses to these developments. Taken together, these discussions highlight how digital ubiquity calls for novel theoretical perspectives and research avenues for organization theory to explore.

尽管数字技术、数据驱动的方法和算法无处不在，但到目前为止，组织理论仅以有限的方式参与这些发展。迫切需要与数字化、数据化世界的组织分支进行更深入的接触，必须从现象的映射和更好的理论词汇的发展开始，这些词汇可以指导未来的研究。作为对祖伯夫和鲍尔在这次交流中的文章的补充，我的文章提出了一个研究议程，该议程基于数字技术、数据和算法如何通过以新颖的方式使我们可见，影响和塑造我们在组织内部和周围的生活。我分两步阐述了这一现象的技术和操作基础。第一个是我所说的“数字架构”的整体形态的广义概念化。第二部分是对数据驱动的算法方法如何使“可见性管理”成为人类、组织和社会关注的中心问题的更细致的理论化，以及对这些发展的可能反应的一些反思。综上所述，这些讨论强调了数字无处不在如何需要新的理论视角和研究途径来探索组织理论。

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引用次数: 5

"I know you are, but what am I?" Profiling cyberbullying based on charged language “我知道你是，但我是什么?”基于冒犯性语言的网络欺凌分析

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10588-022-09360-5

S. Ho, Wenyi Li

引用次数: 2

Sensitivity analysis of agent-based models: a new protocol 基于智能体模型的敏感性分析:一种新方案

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09358-5

Emanuele Borgonovo, Marco Pangallo, Jan Rivkin, Leonardo Rizzo, Nicolaj Siggelkow

Agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly used in the management sciences. Though useful, ABMs are often critiqued: it is hard to discern why they produce the results they do and whether other assumptions would yield similar results. To help researchers address such critiques, we propose a systematic approach to conducting sensitivity analyses of ABMs. Our approach deals with a feature that can complicate sensitivity analyses: most ABMs include important non-parametric elements, while most sensitivity analysis methods are designed for parametric elements only. The approach moves from charting out the elements of an ABM through identifying the goal of the sensitivity analysis to specifying a method for the analysis. We focus on four common goals of sensitivity analysis: determining whether results are robust, which elements have the greatest impact on outcomes, how elements interact to shape outcomes, and which direction outcomes move when elements change. For the first three goals, we suggest a combination of randomized finite change indices calculation through a factorial design. For direction of change, we propose a modification of individual conditional expectation (ICE) plots to account for the stochastic nature of the ABM response. We illustrate our approach using the Garbage Can Model, a classic ABM that examines how organizations make decisions.

基于agent的模型(ABMs)在管理科学中的应用越来越广泛。虽然有用，但ABMs经常受到批评:很难辨别为什么它们会产生这样的结果，以及其他假设是否会产生类似的结果。为了帮助研究人员解决这些批评，我们提出了一种系统的方法来进行ABMs的敏感性分析。我们的方法处理了一个可能使敏感性分析复杂化的特征:大多数ABMs包括重要的非参数元素，而大多数敏感性分析方法仅针对参数元素设计。该方法通过确定敏感性分析的目标，从绘制出ABM的元素，到指定分析的方法。我们关注敏感性分析的四个共同目标:确定结果是否稳健，哪些因素对结果的影响最大，因素如何相互作用以形成结果，以及当因素变化时结果的方向。对于前三个目标，我们建议通过析因设计组合随机有限变化指数计算。对于变化的方向，我们提出了对个体条件期望(ICE)图的修改，以解释ABM响应的随机性。我们使用垃圾桶模型来说明我们的方法，这是一个经典的ABM模型，用于检查组织如何做出决策。

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引用次数: 15

Searching for explanations: testing social scientific methods in synthetic ground-truthed worlds 寻找解释:在合成的基于事实的世界中测试社会科学方法

IF 1.8 4区管理学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10588-021-09353-w

A. Schmidt, C. Cameron, Corey Lowman, Joshua Brulé, Amruta J. Deshpande, S. A. Fatemi, Vladimir Barash, Ariel M. Greenberg, Cash Costello, E. Sherman, Rohit Bhattacharya, Liz McQuillan, Alexander Perrone, Yanni Kouskoulas, Clayton Fink, June Zhang, I. Shpitser, M. Macy

引用次数: 3

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