Pub Date : 2024-06-21eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806
Liaoruilin Zhang, Jianguo Xiang, Juan Li, Jie Zhou, Jinliang Hou, Yanfei Huang, Hong Li
The current study analyzed the chromosomal karyotype of Quasipaaspinosa David, 1875 from Hunan Province, China. The karyotype, C-banding, BrdU-banding pattern were characterized using direct preparation of bone-marrow cells and hemocyte cultures. The findings indicated that Q.spinosa was a diploid species (2n = 26) that lacked heteromorphic chromosomes and secondary constrictions. C-banding analysis revealed an abundance of positive signals in the centromere regions, while the BrdU-banding pattern showed three phases in both male and female, occurring consistently and in chronological sequence during S-phase. Notably, there was no asynchronous replication in the late phase. This study enhanced our understanding of the karyotypic structure of Q.spinosa by conventional cytogenetic techniques, thus providing essential scientific insights into the cytogenetics of Q.spinosa.
{"title":"Karyotype analysis of <i>Quasipaaspinosa</i> David, 1875 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with conventional cytogenetic techniques.","authors":"Liaoruilin Zhang, Jianguo Xiang, Juan Li, Jie Zhou, Jinliang Hou, Yanfei Huang, Hong Li","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study analyzed the chromosomal karyotype of <i>Quasipaaspinosa</i> David, 1875 from Hunan Province, China. The karyotype, C-banding, BrdU-banding pattern were characterized using direct preparation of bone-marrow cells and hemocyte cultures. The findings indicated that <i>Q.spinosa</i> was a diploid species (2n = 26) that lacked heteromorphic chromosomes and secondary constrictions. C-banding analysis revealed an abundance of positive signals in the centromere regions, while the BrdU-banding pattern showed three phases in both male and female, occurring consistently and in chronological sequence during S-phase. Notably, there was no asynchronous replication in the late phase. This study enhanced our understanding of the karyotypic structure of <i>Q.spinosa</i> by conventional cytogenetic techniques, thus providing essential scientific insights into the cytogenetics of <i>Q.spinosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"18 ","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597
Natália Padilha de Oliveira, Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira, Lisete Chamma Davide
The genus Oenocarpus Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) includes five species commonly used in Amazonia, especially for their fruits. Little is known about the cytogenetic characteristics and DNA amounts of these species, except for O.bataua (Martius, 1823). This study characterized and compared the types of interphase nuclei, the chromosome sets, and estimated the nuclear DNA amounts of Oenocarpusbacaba (Martius, 1823), O.bataua, O.distichus (Martius, 1823), O.mapora (H. Karsten, 1857) and O.minor (Martius, 1823). Standard cytogenetic analyses and estimates of the nuclear DNA amount by flow cytometry were carried out. These are the first reports of chromosome numbers and DNA amounts, except for O.bataua, as is the description of the chromatin distribution in interphase nuclei and karyotype for all species. All species presented 2n = 36, confirming the previous report for O.bataua. Differences between karyotype formulas and the positioning of secondary constrictions were observed. There were no significant differences for the nuclear DNA amounts among species. The constancy in chromosome number and variations in karyotype formulas suggest the occurrence of chromosome rearrangement as an important mechanism in Oenocarpus speciation.
Oenocarpus Martius，1823（山杏科）属包括五个在亚马逊地区常用的物种，尤其是它们的果实。除 O.bataua（Martius，1823 年）外，人们对这些物种的细胞遗传学特征和 DNA 数量知之甚少。本研究对 Oenocarpusbacaba（Martius，1823 年）、O.bataua、O.distichus（Martius，1823 年）、O.mapora（H. Karsten，1857 年）和 O.minor（Martius，1823 年）的相间核类型、染色体组进行了表征和比较，并估算了核 DNA 数量。研究人员进行了标准的细胞遗传学分析，并通过流式细胞仪估算了核 DNA 的数量。除 O.bataua外，这些都是关于染色体数目和 DNA 数量的首次报告，同时还描述了所有物种间期细胞核中染色质的分布和核型。所有物种的染色体数均为 2n = 36，证实了之前关于 O.bataua 的报告。核型公式和次级收缩位置之间存在差异。不同物种的核 DNA 数量没有明显差异。染色体数目的恒定性和核型公式的差异表明，染色体重排是番荔枝物种形成的一个重要机制。
{"title":"Interphase nuclei, karyotypes and nuclear DNA amounts in five species of <i>Oenocarpus</i> (Arecaceae).","authors":"Natália Padilha de Oliveira, Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira, Lisete Chamma Davide","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.117597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Oenocarpus</i> Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) includes five species commonly used in Amazonia, especially for their fruits. Little is known about the cytogenetic characteristics and DNA amounts of these species, except for <i>O.bataua</i> (Martius, 1823). This study characterized and compared the types of interphase nuclei, the chromosome sets, and estimated the nuclear DNA amounts of <i>Oenocarpusbacaba</i> (Martius, 1823), <i>O.bataua</i>, <i>O.distichus</i> (Martius, 1823), <i>O.mapora</i> (H. Karsten, 1857) and <i>O.minor</i> (Martius, 1823). Standard cytogenetic analyses and estimates of the nuclear DNA amount by flow cytometry were carried out. These are the first reports of chromosome numbers and DNA amounts, except for <i>O.bataua</i>, as is the description of the chromatin distribution in interphase nuclei and karyotype for all species. All species presented 2n = 36, confirming the previous report for <i>O.bataua</i>. Differences between karyotype formulas and the positioning of secondary constrictions were observed. There were no significant differences for the nuclear DNA amounts among species. The constancy in chromosome number and variations in karyotype formulas suggest the occurrence of chromosome rearrangement as an important mechanism in <i>Oenocarpus</i> speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"18 ","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.115070
Ziravard N. Tonyan, Irina L. Puppo, Alsu F. Saifitdinova, Tatyana V. Vavilova, Andrey S. Glotov
Patterns of meiotic chromosome segregation were analyzed in cleavage stage and blastocyst stage human embryos from couples with autosomal reciprocal translocations (ART). The influence of quadrivalent asymmetry degree, the presence of terminal breakpoints, and the involvement of acrocentric chromosomes in the rearrangement were analyzed to evaluate their contribution to the formation of non-viable embryos with significant chromosomal imbalance due to pathological segregation patterns and to assess the selection of human embryos by the blastocyst stage. A selection of viable embryos resulting from alternate and adjacent-1 segregation and a significant reduction in the detection frequency of the 3 : 1 segregation pattern were observed in human embryos at the blastocyst stage. The presence of terminal breakpoints increased the frequency of 3 : 1 segregation and was also associated with better survival of human embryos resulting from adjacent-1 mode, reflecting the process of natural selection of viable embryos to the blastocyst stage. The demonstrated patterns of chromosome segregation and inheritance of a balanced karyotype in humans will contribute to optimizing the prediction of the outcomes of in vitro fertilization programs and assessing the risks of the formation of unbalanced embryos for ART carriers.
{"title":"Assessment of quadrivalent characteristics influencing chromosome segregation by analyzing human preimplantation embryos from reciprocal translocation carriers","authors":"Ziravard N. Tonyan, Irina L. Puppo, Alsu F. Saifitdinova, Tatyana V. Vavilova, Andrey S. Glotov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.18.115070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.115070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Patterns of meiotic chromosome segregation were analyzed in cleavage stage and blastocyst stage human embryos from couples with autosomal reciprocal translocations (ART). The influence of quadrivalent asymmetry degree, the presence of terminal breakpoints, and the involvement of acrocentric chromosomes in the rearrangement were analyzed to evaluate their contribution to the formation of non-viable embryos with significant chromosomal imbalance due to pathological segregation patterns and to assess the selection of human embryos by the blastocyst stage. A selection of viable embryos resulting from alternate and adjacent-1 segregation and a significant reduction in the detection frequency of the 3 : 1 segregation pattern were observed in human embryos at the blastocyst stage. The presence of terminal breakpoints increased the frequency of 3 : 1 segregation and was also associated with better survival of human embryos resulting from adjacent-1 mode, reflecting the process of natural selection of viable embryos to the blastocyst stage. The demonstrated patterns of chromosome segregation and inheritance of a balanced karyotype in humans will contribute to optimizing the prediction of the outcomes of in vitro fertilization programs and assessing the risks of the formation of unbalanced embryos for ART carriers.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.112831
Robert B. Angus
An account is given of my development of techniques to obtain well-spread Giemsa-stained banded chromosome preparations. Apparent G-banding could be obtained following very slight trypsin treatment of freshly prepared slides, but this banding was very fine (close-grained) and possibly not a reflection of chromosome structure. However, treatment of developing embryos in vitro with 5-fluorouridine produced a similar chromomere banding, which is therefore regarded as genuine. Steady accumulation of Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 karyotypes has resulted in the production of an Atlas covering 62 of the 170 species known to occur in the Palaearctic. Chromosome polymorphisms involving pericentric inversions and addition of extra C-banding regions have been found, as well as small B-chromosomes in a few species. In general, karyotypes have proved very useful in establishing the limits of individual species. Parthenogenesis involving triploidy has been found in two species. Karyotypes of experimentally produced hybrids have revealed irregularities in chromosome condensation.
本文介绍了我开发的获得带状Giemsa染色染色体制片的技术。在对新鲜制备的切片进行非常轻微的胰蛋白酶处理后，可以获得明显的 G 带，但这种带状非常细（颗粒紧密），可能不是染色体结构的反映。然而，用 5-氟尿嘧啶处理体外发育中的胚胎会产生类似的染色体条带，因此被认为是真实的。通过对 Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 核型的不断积累，我们编制了一份地图册，涵盖了古北区已知的 170 个物种中的 62 个物种。在一些物种中发现了染色体多态性，包括包心倒位和额外的 C 带区，以及小的 B 染色体。总体而言，核型被证明对确定个体物种的界限非常有用。在两个物种中发现了涉及三倍体的孤雌生殖。通过实验产生的杂交种的核型显示染色体排列不规则。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.115485
Vladimir E. Gokhman
Results of the chromosome study of 12 sawfly species of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802 are reviewed, including new data on the karyotypes of A. ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1767) and A. enodis (Linnaeus, 1767) with n = 10. Moreover, the same chromosome number, n = 10, is found in A. ustulata (Linnaeus, 1758), for which n = 8 was previously reported. In addition, n = 8 is confirmed in A. gracilicornis (Klug, 1814). The results of the morphometric analysis of chromosome sets of these four species are given. In the genus Arge, haploid chromosome numbers of n = 8, 10, 11 and 13 were found. Among these sawflies, n = 8 appeared to be the most frequent chromosome number, followed by n = 10. The known data of the chromosome study of these insects are summarized and discussed in the light of phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arge.
本文综述了对 Arge Schrank, 1802 属的 12 个锯蝇种进行染色体研究的结果，包括关于 A. ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1767) 和 A. enodis (Linnaeus, 1767) 核型的新数据（n = 10）。此外，在 A. ustulata（林奈，1758 年）中也发现了相同的染色体数 n = 10，而之前的报道是 n = 8。此外，n = 8 在 A. gracilicornis (Klug, 1814) 中也得到了证实。本文给出了这四个物种染色体组的形态计量分析结果。在 Arge 属中，发现单倍体染色体数为 n = 8、10、11 和 13。在这些锯蝇中，n = 8 似乎是最常见的染色体数目，其次是 n = 10。本文总结了这些昆虫染色体研究的已知数据，并根据 Arge 属的系统发育和分类进行了讨论。
{"title":"Chromosomes of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Argidae): new data and review","authors":"Vladimir E. Gokhman","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.115485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.115485","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Results of the chromosome study of 12 sawfly species of the genus Arge Schrank, 1802 are reviewed, including new data on the karyotypes of A. ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1767) and A. enodis (Linnaeus, 1767) with n = 10. Moreover, the same chromosome number, n = 10, is found in A. ustulata (Linnaeus, 1758), for which n = 8 was previously reported. In addition, n = 8 is confirmed in A. gracilicornis (Klug, 1814). The results of the morphometric analysis of chromosome sets of these four species are given. In the genus Arge, haploid chromosome numbers of n = 8, 10, 11 and 13 were found. Among these sawflies, n = 8 appeared to be the most frequent chromosome number, followed by n = 10. The known data of the chromosome study of these insects are summarized and discussed in the light of phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arge.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.116550
Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin
The karyotype and reproductive features of Orbuspedum machinator Gavrilov-Zimin, 2017 (Pseudococcidae) were studied for the first time. Diploid chromosome number is 18 in females. Reproduction is probably bisexual, as indicated by the presence of characteristic Lecanoid heterochromatinization of the paternal set of chromosomes in embryonic cells of about 50% of the embryos studied. The female reproductive system has a pair of lateral oviducts merged into enlarged common oviduct; the spermatheca and accessory glands are connected to the common oviduct in its proximal part. Complete ovoviviparity occurs in ontogenesis.
{"title":"Karyotype and reproductive traits of the unique symbiotic mealybug Orbuspedum machinator G.-Z. (Homoptera, Coccinea)","authors":"Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.116550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.116550","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The karyotype and reproductive features of Orbuspedum machinator Gavrilov-Zimin, 2017 (Pseudococcidae) were studied for the first time. Diploid chromosome number is 18 in females. Reproduction is probably bisexual, as indicated by the presence of characteristic Lecanoid heterochromatinization of the paternal set of chromosomes in embryonic cells of about 50% of the embryos studied. The female reproductive system has a pair of lateral oviducts merged into enlarged common oviduct; the spermatheca and accessory glands are connected to the common oviduct in its proximal part. Complete ovoviviparity occurs in ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.116628
Natalia V. Golub, Boris A. Anokhin, Valentina G. Kuznetsova
We studied the karyotype and chromosomal distribution of 18S rDNA clustered in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845), belonging to the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeidae). It is shown that this species has a karyotype with 2n = 22(18+mm+XY), previously known in only one of 24 studied species of the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852, characterized by a similar karyotype, 2n = 14(12+mm+XY). In N. graminicola, 18S loci are located on sex chromosomes, which is a previously unknown trait for this genus. Our results in a compilation with previous data revealed dynamic evolution of rDNA distribution in Nysius. It is concluded that molecular chromosomal markers detected by FISH contribute to a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the taxonomically complex genus Nysius.
{"title":"Karyotype diversity in the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) is much greater than you might think","authors":"Natalia V. Golub, Boris A. Anokhin, Valentina G. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.116628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.116628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We studied the karyotype and chromosomal distribution of 18S rDNA clustered in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Nysius graminicola (Kolenati, 1845), belonging to the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeidae). It is shown that this species has a karyotype with 2n = 22(18+mm+XY), previously known in only one of 24 studied species of the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852, characterized by a similar karyotype, 2n = 14(12+mm+XY). In N. graminicola, 18S loci are located on sex chromosomes, which is a previously unknown trait for this genus. Our results in a compilation with previous data revealed dynamic evolution of rDNA distribution in Nysius. It is concluded that molecular chromosomal markers detected by FISH contribute to a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the taxonomically complex genus Nysius.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138717372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.108265
Doris Vela, Erika Villavicencio
The mitotic metaphases of five Andean species of genus Drosophila are described for the first time. The evolutionary and interspecific genetic relationships within three Neotropical Drosophila species groups are analyzed. The diploid chromosome number for each species is as follows: D. cashapamba Céspedes et Rafael, 2012 2n = 6 (2V, 1J) (X = J, Y = R), D. ecuatoriana Vela et Rafael, 2004 2n = 10 (3R, 2V) (X = V, Y = R), D. ninarumi Vela et Rafael, 2005 2n = 10 (3R, 1V, 1D) (X = V, Y = R), D. urcu Vela et Rafael, 2005 2n = 12 (4R, 2V) (X = V, Y = R), D. valenteae Llangarí-Arizo et Rafael, 2018 2n = 8 (3R, 1J) (X = J, Y = R).
The首次报道了安第斯五种果蝇属的有丝分裂中期。分析了三个新热带果蝇物种群的进化和种间遗传关系。每个物种的二倍体染色体数目如下:d cashapamba德斯拉斐尔,2012 2 n = 6 (2 V, 1 J) (X = J, Y = R), d . ecuatoriana船帆座拉斐尔,2004 2 n = 10 (3 R, 2 V) (X = V, Y = R), d . ninarumi船帆座拉斐尔,2005 2 n = 10 (3 R, 1 V, 1 d) (X = V, Y = R), d . urcu船帆座拉斐尔,2005 2 n = 12 (4 R, 2 V) (X = V, Y = R), d . valenteae Llangari-Arizo拉斐尔,2018 2 n = 8 (3 R, 1 J) (X = J, Y = R)。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.113526
Richard Mollard, Michael Mahony
Abstract The karyotype of the IUCN least concern red-backed toadlet Pseudophryne (P.) coriacea (Keferstein, 1868) from the New South Wales Central Coast is described following tissue culture of toe clipping macerates and conventional DAPI staining. The diploid number is 2n = 24. The karyotype is represented by six large and five small chromosomal pairs and one very small chromosomal pair. The very small chromosome 12 is 12% the size of chromosome 1. One of the large chromosomes is subtelocentric, two of the large chromosomes are submetacentric and the remaining chromosomes are metacentric. The putative nucleolus organiser region (NOR) is observed on chromosome 4. The diploid number and location of the putative NOR correlates to that of the previously published IUCN critically endangered P.corroboree (Moore 1953) and unpublished descriptions of the P.coriacea karyotype. This is the first described cell culture of a species from the genus Pseudophryne Fitzinger, 1843, first published analysis of the P.coriacea karyotype and the first published analysis of centromeric allocation of this genus. Globally there exists a large inventory of tissue samples in cryobanks that are not associated with known recovery mechanisms such as basic cell culture techniques. Detailed cytogenetic analyses of these cryobanked samples are therefore not possible. This work therefore enables: (i) a comparison of the P.coriacea karyotype with that of the critically endangered P.corroboree and (ii) a benchmark for repeat and future cytogenetic and genomic analyses of cryostored samples of this genus.
{"title":"Cell culture and karyotypic description of Pseudophryne coriacea (Keferstein, 1868) (Amphibia, Anura) from the New South Wales Central Coast","authors":"Richard Mollard, Michael Mahony","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.113526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.113526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The karyotype of the IUCN least concern red-backed toadlet Pseudophryne (P.) coriacea (Keferstein, 1868) from the New South Wales Central Coast is described following tissue culture of toe clipping macerates and conventional DAPI staining. The diploid number is 2n = 24. The karyotype is represented by six large and five small chromosomal pairs and one very small chromosomal pair. The very small chromosome 12 is 12% the size of chromosome 1. One of the large chromosomes is subtelocentric, two of the large chromosomes are submetacentric and the remaining chromosomes are metacentric. The putative nucleolus organiser region (NOR) is observed on chromosome 4. The diploid number and location of the putative NOR correlates to that of the previously published IUCN critically endangered P.corroboree (Moore 1953) and unpublished descriptions of the P.coriacea karyotype. This is the first described cell culture of a species from the genus Pseudophryne Fitzinger, 1843, first published analysis of the P.coriacea karyotype and the first published analysis of centromeric allocation of this genus. Globally there exists a large inventory of tissue samples in cryobanks that are not associated with known recovery mechanisms such as basic cell culture techniques. Detailed cytogenetic analyses of these cryobanked samples are therefore not possible. This work therefore enables: (i) a comparison of the P.coriacea karyotype with that of the critically endangered P.corroboree and (ii) a benchmark for repeat and future cytogenetic and genomic analyses of cryostored samples of this genus.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"12 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744
Sergey A Simanovsky, Dmitry A Medvedev, Fekadu Tefera, Alexander S Golubtsov
The African family Distichodontidae comprises 109 species in 16 genera. Up-to-date cytogenetic information was available for the only distichodontid species Distichodusaffinis Günther, 1873. Here we report chromosome number and morphology in: Distichodusengycephalus Günther, 1864 (2n = 52, FN = 104), Ichthyborusbesse (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 46, FN = 92), Nannocharaxniloticus (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 54, FN = 106) and three taxa, Nannaethiopsbleheri Géry et Zarske, 2003, Nannaethiops sp., and Neolebiasunifasciatus Steindachner, 1894, that exhibit the same karyotypes (2n = 50, FN = 98). To confirm the Nannaethiops Günther, 1872 and Neolebias Steindachner, 1894 species identification, mt-DNA sequences of the two markers (COI and 16S rRNA) were obtained from karyotyped specimens and compared with the relevant sequences accessible from GenBank. The great prevalence of biarmed chromosomes (the karyotypes of most species contain exclusively biarmed chromosomes) is a distinctive characteristic of Distichodontidae and Cithariniformes as a whole.
非洲蝶齿科包括16属109种。最新的细胞遗传学资料为唯一的distichodontid种Distichodusaffinis g nther, 1873。在这里，我们报告了染色体数目和形态:Distichodusengycephalus g nther, 1864 (2n = 52, FN = 104)， Ichthyborusbesse (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 46, FN = 92)， Nannocharaxniloticus (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 54, FN = 106)和三个类群，Nannaethiopsbleheri g et Zarske, 2003, Nannaethiops sp.和Neolebiasunifasciatus Steindachner, 1894，表现出相同的核型(2n = 50, FN = 98)。为了确认Nannaethiops g nther, 1872和Neolebias Steindachner, 1894种的鉴定，从核型标本中获得了两个标记(COI和16S rRNA)的mt-DNA序列，并与GenBank的相关序列进行了比较。双臂染色体的广泛存在(大多数物种的核型只包含双臂染色体)是Distichodontidae和Cithariniformes作为一个整体的显著特征。
{"title":"Divergent karyotypes in five genera of the African endemic fish family Distichodontidae (Cithariniformes, Osteichthyes).","authors":"Sergey A Simanovsky, Dmitry A Medvedev, Fekadu Tefera, Alexander S Golubtsov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The African family Distichodontidae comprises 109 species in 16 genera. Up-to-date cytogenetic information was available for the only distichodontid species <i>Distichodusaffinis</i> Günther, 1873. Here we report chromosome number and morphology in: <i>Distichodusengycephalus</i> Günther, 1864 (2n = 52, FN = 104), <i>Ichthyborusbesse</i> (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 46, FN = 92), <i>Nannocharaxniloticus</i> (Joannis, 1835) (2n = 54, FN = 106) and three taxa, <i>Nannaethiopsbleheri</i> Géry et Zarske, 2003, <i>Nannaethiops</i> sp., and <i>Neolebiasunifasciatus</i> Steindachner, 1894, that exhibit the same karyotypes (2n = 50, FN = 98). To confirm the <i>Nannaethiops</i> Günther, 1872 and <i>Neolebias</i> Steindachner, 1894 species identification, mt-DNA sequences of the two markers (<i>COI</i> and <i>16S rRNA</i>) were obtained from karyotyped specimens and compared with the relevant sequences accessible from GenBank. The great prevalence of biarmed chromosomes (the karyotypes of most species contain exclusively biarmed chromosomes) is a distinctive characteristic of Distichodontidae and Cithariniformes as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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