Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830
Vazrick Nazari, Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alireza Naderi, Zdenek Faltýnek Fric, Vlad Dincă, Roger Vila
A new subspecies of Leptideasinapis from Northern Iran, discovered by means of DNA barcoding, is described as Leptideasinapistabarestanassp. nov. The new subspecies is allopatric with respect to other populations of L.sinapis and is genetically distinct, appearing as a well-supported sister clade to all other populations in COI-based phylogenetic reconstructions. Details on karyotype, genitalia, ecology and behaviour for the new subspecies are given and a biogeographical speciation scenario is proposed.
{"title":"More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of <i>Leptideasinapis</i> (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran.","authors":"Vazrick Nazari, Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alireza Naderi, Zdenek Faltýnek Fric, Vlad Dincă, Roger Vila","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new subspecies of <i>Leptideasinapis</i> from Northern Iran, discovered by means of DNA barcoding, is described as <i>Leptideasinapistabarestana</i><b>ssp. nov.</b> The new subspecies is allopatric with respect to other populations of <i>L.sinapis</i> and is genetically distinct, appearing as a well-supported sister clade to all other populations in COI-based phylogenetic reconstructions. Details on karyotype, genitalia, ecology and behaviour for the new subspecies are given and a biogeographical speciation scenario is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9617619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.17.98903
Biplab Kumar Bhowmick, Sayantika Sarkar, Dipasree Roychowdhury, Sayali D Patil, Manoj M Lekhak, Deepak Ohri, Satyawada Rama Rao, S R Yadav, R C Verma, Manoj K Dhar, S N Raina, Sumita Jha
The genus Allium Linnaeus, 1753 (tribe Allieae) contains about 800 species worldwide of which almost 38 species are reported in India, including the globally important crops (onion, garlic, leek, shallot) and many wild species. A satisfactory chromosomal catalogue of Allium species is missing which has been considered in the review for the species occurring in India. The most prominent base number is x=8, with few records of x=7, 10, 11. The genome size has sufficient clues for divergence, ranging from 7.8 pg/1C to 30.0 pg/1C in diploid and 15.16 pg/1C to 41.78 pg/1C in polyploid species. Although the karyotypes are seemingly dominated by metacentrics, substantial variation in nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) is noteworthy. The chromosomal rearrangement between A.cepa Linnaeus, 1753 and its allied species has paved way to appreciate genomic evolution within Allium. The presence of a unique telomere sequence and its conservation in Allium sets this genus apart from all other Amaryllids and supports monophyletic origin. Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent.
{"title":"<i>Allium</i> cytogenetics: a critical review on the Indian taxa.","authors":"Biplab Kumar Bhowmick, Sayantika Sarkar, Dipasree Roychowdhury, Sayali D Patil, Manoj M Lekhak, Deepak Ohri, Satyawada Rama Rao, S R Yadav, R C Verma, Manoj K Dhar, S N Raina, Sumita Jha","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.17.98903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.17.98903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Allium</i> Linnaeus, 1753 (tribe Allieae) contains about 800 species worldwide of which almost 38 species are reported in India, including the globally important crops (onion, garlic, leek, shallot) and many wild species. A satisfactory chromosomal catalogue of <i>Allium</i> species is missing which has been considered in the review for the species occurring in India. The most prominent base number is x=8, with few records of x=7, 10, 11. The genome size has sufficient clues for divergence, ranging from 7.8 pg/1C to 30.0 pg/1C in diploid and 15.16 pg/1C to 41.78 pg/1C in polyploid species. Although the karyotypes are seemingly dominated by metacentrics, substantial variation in nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) is noteworthy. The chromosomal rearrangement between <i>A.cepa</i> Linnaeus, 1753 and its allied species has paved way to appreciate genomic evolution within <i>Allium</i>. The presence of a unique telomere sequence and its conservation in <i>Allium</i> sets this genus apart from all other Amaryllids and supports monophyletic origin. Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"129-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9617621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.17.101008
Ekaterina D Badaeva, Violetta V Kotseruba, Andnrey V Fisenko, Nadezhda N Chikida, Maria Kh Belousova, Peter M Zhurbenko, Sergei A Surzhikov, Alexandra Yu Dragovich
Aegilopscomosa Smith in Sibthorp et Smith, 1806 is diploid grass with MM genome constitution occurring mainly in Greece. Two morphologically distinct subspecies - Ae.c.comosa Chennaveeraiah, 1960 and Ae.c.heldreichii (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig, 1929 are discriminated within Ae.comosa, however, genetic and karyotypic bases of their divergence are not fully understood. We used Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes and electrophoretic analysis of gliadins to characterize the genome and karyotype of Ae.comosa to assess the level of their genetic diversity and uncover mechanisms leading to radiation of subspecies. We show that two subspecies differ in size and morphology of chromosomes 3M and 6M, which can be due to reciprocal translocation. Subspecies also differ in the amount and distribution of microsatellite and satellite DNA sequences, the number and position of minor NORs, especially on 3M and 6M, and gliadin spectra mainly in the a-zone. Frequent occurrence of hybrids can be caused by open pollination, which, along with genetic heterogeneity of accessions and, probably, the lack of geographic or genetic barrier between the subspecies, may contribute to extremely broad intraspecific variation of GAAn and gliadin patterns in Ae.comosa, which are usually not observed in endemic plant species.
egilopscomosa Smith (Sibthorp et Smith, 1806)是一种主要产自希腊的二倍体草,具有MM基因组结构。两个形态上截然不同的亚种- Ae.comosa Chennaveeraiah(1960)和ae.c heldreichii (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig(1929)在Ae.comosa中被区分,但其分化的遗传和核型基础尚不完全清楚。利用重复DNA荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术和麦胶蛋白的电泳分析,对Ae.comosa的基因组和核型进行了表征,以评估其遗传多样性水平,揭示导致亚种辐射的机制。我们发现两个亚种在3M和6M染色体的大小和形态上不同,这可能是由于相互易位。在微卫星和卫星DNA序列的数量和分布、次要NORs的数量和位置,特别是在3M和6M上,以及主要在a区的麦胶蛋白谱上,亚种也存在差异。杂交的频繁发生可能是由开放授粉引起的,这与材料的遗传异质性以及亚种之间可能缺乏地理或遗传屏障一起,可能导致Ae.comosa中GAAn和麦胶蛋白模式的极其广泛的种内变异,而这种变异通常在特有植物物种中没有观察到。
{"title":"Intraspecific divergence of diploid grass <i>Aegilopscomosa</i> is associated with structural chromosome changes.","authors":"Ekaterina D Badaeva, Violetta V Kotseruba, Andnrey V Fisenko, Nadezhda N Chikida, Maria Kh Belousova, Peter M Zhurbenko, Sergei A Surzhikov, Alexandra Yu Dragovich","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.17.101008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.17.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aegilopscomosa</i> Smith in Sibthorp et Smith, 1806 is diploid grass with MM genome constitution occurring mainly in Greece. Two morphologically distinct subspecies - <i>Ae.c.comosa</i> Chennaveeraiah, 1960 and <i>Ae.c.heldreichii</i> (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig, 1929 are discriminated within <i>Ae.comosa</i>, however, genetic and karyotypic bases of their divergence are not fully understood. We used Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes and electrophoretic analysis of gliadins to characterize the genome and karyotype of <i>Ae.comosa</i> to assess the level of their genetic diversity and uncover mechanisms leading to radiation of subspecies. We show that two subspecies differ in size and morphology of chromosomes 3M and 6M, which can be due to reciprocal translocation. Subspecies also differ in the amount and distribution of microsatellite and satellite DNA sequences, the number and position of minor NORs, especially on 3M and 6M, and gliadin spectra mainly in the a-zone. Frequent occurrence of hybrids can be caused by open pollination, which, along with genetic heterogeneity of accessions and, probably, the lack of geographic or genetic barrier between the subspecies, may contribute to extremely broad intraspecific variation of GAA<sub>n</sub> and gliadin patterns in <i>Ae.comosa</i>, which are usually not observed in endemic plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"75-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhododendronmariesii Hemsley et Wilson, 1907, a typical member of the family Ericaeae, possesses valuable medicinal and horticultural properties. In this research, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R.mariesii was sequenced and assembled, which proved to be a typical quadripartite structure with the length of 203,480 bp. In particular, the lengths of the large single copy region (LSC), small single copy region (SSC), and inverted repeat regions (IR) were 113,715 bp, 7,953 bp, and 40,918 bp, respectively. Among the 151 unique genes, 98 were protein-coding genes, 8 were tRNA genes, and 45 were rRNA genes. The structural characteristics of the R.mariesiicp genome was similar to other angiosperms. Leucine was the most representative amino acid, while cysteine was the lowest representative. Totally, 30 codons showed obvious codon usage bias, and most were A/U-ending codons. Six highly variable regions were observed, such as trnK-pafI and atpE-rpoB, which could serve as potential markers for future barcoding and phylogenetic research of R.mariesii species. Coding regions were more conserved than non-coding regions. Expansion and contraction in the IR region might be the main length variation in R.mariesii and related Ericaeae species. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis revealed that R.mariesii was relatively closed to the R.simsii Planchon, 1853 and R.pulchrum Sweet,1831. This research will supply rich genetic resource for R.mariesii and related species of the Ericaeae.
{"title":"Complete chloroplast genome sequence of <i>Rhododendronmariesii</i> and comparative genomics of related species in the family Ericaeae.","authors":"Zhiliang Li, Zhiwei Huang, Xuchun Wan, Jiaojun Yu, Hongjin Dong, Jialiang Zhang, Chunyu Zhang, Shuzhen Wang","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.17.101427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhododendronmariesii</i> Hemsley et Wilson, 1907, a typical member of the family Ericaeae, possesses valuable medicinal and horticultural properties. In this research, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of <i>R.mariesii</i> was sequenced and assembled, which proved to be a typical quadripartite structure with the length of 203,480 bp. In particular, the lengths of the large single copy region (LSC), small single copy region (SSC), and inverted repeat regions (IR) were 113,715 bp, 7,953 bp, and 40,918 bp, respectively. Among the 151 unique genes, 98 were protein-coding genes, 8 were tRNA genes, and 45 were rRNA genes. The structural characteristics of the <i>R.mariesii</i>cp genome was similar to other angiosperms. Leucine was the most representative amino acid, while cysteine was the lowest representative. Totally, 30 codons showed obvious codon usage bias, and most were A/U-ending codons. Six highly variable regions were observed, such as <i>trnK-pafI</i> and <i>atpE-rpoB</i>, which could serve as potential markers for future barcoding and phylogenetic research of <i>R.mariesii</i> species. Coding regions were more conserved than non-coding regions. Expansion and contraction in the IR region might be the main length variation in <i>R.mariesii</i> and related Ericaeae species. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>R.mariesii</i> was relatively closed to the <i>R.simsii</i> Planchon, 1853 and <i>R.pulchrum</i> Sweet,1831. This research will supply rich genetic resource for <i>R.mariesii</i> and related species of the Ericaeae.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"17 ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10482830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.82641
Ramon Costa Dominato, Guilherme Costa de Oliveira, Carla Santana Cassini, Victor Goyannes Dill Orrico, Cléa Dos Santos Ferreira Mariano, Janisete Gomes Silva
The genus Adenomera Steindachner, 1867 currently comprises 29 nominal species, some of which are suggested to be cryptic species complexes. The present study was carried out with specimens of the "thomei" clade that encompasses three taxa distributed in the Atlantic Forest biome: Adenomerathomei Almeida et Angulo, 2006, Adenomera sp. L., and Adenomera sp. M. We used classical cytogenetics to describe the diploid number and karyomorphology of these three species collected in two different locations in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Our results revealed the diploid number 2n = 24 (FN = 34) with two pairs of metacentric chromosomes (pairs 1 and 5), three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (pairs 2, 3, and 4), and seven pairs of telocentric chromosomes (pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12). Further morphological, bioacoustic, and cytogenetic data (C-banding and AgNor) are needed to better delineate the lineages within the "thomei" clade.
{"title":"First karyotype description of the species of <i>Adenomera</i> Steindachner, 1867 (Anura, Leptodactylidae) in the \" <i>thomei</i>\" clade.","authors":"Ramon Costa Dominato, Guilherme Costa de Oliveira, Carla Santana Cassini, Victor Goyannes Dill Orrico, Cléa Dos Santos Ferreira Mariano, Janisete Gomes Silva","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.82641","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.82641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Adenomera</i> Steindachner, 1867 currently comprises 29 nominal species, some of which are suggested to be cryptic species complexes. The present study was carried out with specimens of the \"<i>thomei</i>\" clade that encompasses three taxa distributed in the Atlantic Forest biome: <i>Adenomerathomei</i> Almeida et Angulo, 2006, <i>Adenomera</i> sp. L., and <i>Adenomera</i> sp. M. We used classical cytogenetics to describe the diploid number and karyomorphology of these three species collected in two different locations in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Our results revealed the diploid number 2n = 24 (FN = 34) with two pairs of metacentric chromosomes (pairs 1 and 5), three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (pairs 2, 3, and 4), and seven pairs of telocentric chromosomes (pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12). Further morphological, bioacoustic, and cytogenetic data (C-banding and AgNor) are needed to better delineate the lineages within the \"<i>thomei</i>\" clade.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 3","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9849051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10689447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.78852
Naila Chahinez Boukhebache, N. Amirouche, R. Amirouche
Abstract This paper provides new cytotaxonomic data on the genus Narcissus Linnaeus, 1753, in Algeria. Populations of seven taxa, N.tazetta Linnaeus, 1753, N.pachybolbus Durieu, 1847, N.papyraceus Ker Gawler, 1806, N.elegans (Haworth) Spach, 1846, N.serotinus sensu lato Linnaeus, 1753, including N.obsoletus (Haworth) Steudel, 1841, and N.cantabricus De Candolle, 1815, were karyologically investigated through chromosome counting and karyotype parameters. N.tazetta and N.elegans have the same number of chromosomes 2n = 2x = 20 with different karyotype formulas. Karyological and morphological characteristics, confirm the specific status of N.pachybolbus and N.papyraceus, both are diploids with 2n = 22 but differing in asymmetry indices. The morphotypes corresponding to N.serotinus sensu lato show two ploidy levels 2n = 4x = 20 and 2n = 6x = 30 characterized by a yellow corona. Some hexaploid cytotypes have more asymmetric karyotype with predominance of subtelocentric chromosomes. They are distinguished by orange corona and may correspond to N.obsoletus. Other cytotype 2n = 28 of N.serotinus was observed in the North Western biogeographic sectors. N.cantabricus was found to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 14, which is a new diploid report in the southernmost geographic range of this polyploid complex.
{"title":"Cytotaxonomic investigations on species of genus Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) from Algeria","authors":"Naila Chahinez Boukhebache, N. Amirouche, R. Amirouche","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.78852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.78852","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides new cytotaxonomic data on the genus Narcissus Linnaeus, 1753, in Algeria. Populations of seven taxa, N.tazetta Linnaeus, 1753, N.pachybolbus Durieu, 1847, N.papyraceus Ker Gawler, 1806, N.elegans (Haworth) Spach, 1846, N.serotinus sensu lato Linnaeus, 1753, including N.obsoletus (Haworth) Steudel, 1841, and N.cantabricus De Candolle, 1815, were karyologically investigated through chromosome counting and karyotype parameters. N.tazetta and N.elegans have the same number of chromosomes 2n = 2x = 20 with different karyotype formulas. Karyological and morphological characteristics, confirm the specific status of N.pachybolbus and N.papyraceus, both are diploids with 2n = 22 but differing in asymmetry indices. The morphotypes corresponding to N.serotinus sensu lato show two ploidy levels 2n = 4x = 20 and 2n = 6x = 30 characterized by a yellow corona. Some hexaploid cytotypes have more asymmetric karyotype with predominance of subtelocentric chromosomes. They are distinguished by orange corona and may correspond to N.obsoletus. Other cytotype 2n = 28 of N.serotinus was observed in the North Western biogeographic sectors. N.cantabricus was found to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 14, which is a new diploid report in the southernmost geographic range of this polyploid complex.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"55 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79953
R. Kawakami, T. Taguchi, J. Vacarizas, M. Ito, T. Mezaki, Akira Tominaga, S. Kubota
Abstract We performed conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies on the Favitespentagona Esper, 1795, a scleractinian coral mostly found along the west coast of Japan. Karyotype analysis of F.pentagona by G-banding revealed a karyogram containing a homogenously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 10 in more than 50% of the examined metaphase spreads. This HSR consisted of sequences from 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing. We highlighted the development of four chromosomal FISH markers from repetitive genes such as U2 small nuclear RNA linked to 5S rRNA sequence (U2 snRNA-5S), 18S rRNA, histone H3, and uncharacterized gene FP-9X. The chromosomal locations of the U2 snRNA-5S and 18S RNA were on the terminal end of long arm of chromosomes 2 and 10, respectively, while the histone H3 and the uncharacterized gene were located near the centromeres of chromosomes 1 and 9, respectively. These FISH markers will improve the karyotyping of F.pentagona from mitotic preparations which helps in widening our understanding of coral genetic structure and chromosome organization. In addition, these improvements in karyotyping will provide the basis in constructing of chromosome-level genome assembly for F.pentagona.
{"title":"Karyotypic analysis and isolation of four DNA markers of the scleractinian coral Favitespentagona (Esper, 1795) (Scleractinia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)","authors":"R. Kawakami, T. Taguchi, J. Vacarizas, M. Ito, T. Mezaki, Akira Tominaga, S. Kubota","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79953","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We performed conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies on the Favitespentagona Esper, 1795, a scleractinian coral mostly found along the west coast of Japan. Karyotype analysis of F.pentagona by G-banding revealed a karyogram containing a homogenously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 10 in more than 50% of the examined metaphase spreads. This HSR consisted of sequences from 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing. We highlighted the development of four chromosomal FISH markers from repetitive genes such as U2 small nuclear RNA linked to 5S rRNA sequence (U2 snRNA-5S), 18S rRNA, histone H3, and uncharacterized gene FP-9X. The chromosomal locations of the U2 snRNA-5S and 18S RNA were on the terminal end of long arm of chromosomes 2 and 10, respectively, while the histone H3 and the uncharacterized gene were located near the centromeres of chromosomes 1 and 9, respectively. These FISH markers will improve the karyotyping of F.pentagona from mitotic preparations which helps in widening our understanding of coral genetic structure and chromosome organization. In addition, these improvements in karyotyping will provide the basis in constructing of chromosome-level genome assembly for F.pentagona.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"77 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48148394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79056
H. Ansari, N. Ellison, A. Stewart, Warren Mervyn Williams
Abstract The Schedonorus-Lolium complex of the subtribe Loliinae (Poaceae) includes several economically important forage and turf grasses. This complex encompasses Lolium Linnaeus, 1753, Festuca Linnaeus, 1753 subgenus Schedonorus (P. Beauvois, 1824) Petermann, 1849 and Micropyropsis Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983. New FISH results of 5S and 18S–26S rDNA sequences are presented for three species and the results are interpreted in a review of distribution patterns of 5S and 18S–26S rDNA sequences among other species in the complex. Micropyropsistuberosa Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983 (2n = 2x = 14) displayed a distribution pattern of rDNA sequences identical to that of F.pratensis Hudson, 1762, supporting a close phylogenetic relationship at the bottom of the phylogenetic tree. “Loliummultiflorum” Lamarck, 1779 accessions sourced from Morocco showed a different pattern from European L.multiflorum and could be a unique and previously uncharacterised taxon. North African Festucasimensis Hochstetter ex A. Richard, 1851 had a marker pattern consistent with allotetraploidy and uniparental loss of one 18S–26S rDNA locus. This allotetraploid has previously been suggested to have originated from a hybrid with Festucaglaucescens (Festucaarundinaceavar.glaucescens Boissier, 1844). However, the distribution patterns of the two rDNA sequences in this allotetraploid do not align with F.glaucescens, suggesting that its origin from this species is unlikely. Furthermore, comparisons with other higher alloploids in the complex indicate that F.simensis was a potential donor of two sub-genomes of allohexaploid Festucagigantea (Linnaeus) Villars, 1787. In the overall complex, the proximal locations of both rDNA markers were conserved among the diploid species. Two types of synteny of the two markers could, to a considerable extent, distinguish allo- and autogamous Lolium species. The ancestral parentage of the three Festuca allotetraploids has not yet been determined, but all three appear to have been sub-genome donors to the higher allopolypoids of sub-genus Schedonorus. Terminal locations of both the markers were absent from the diploids but were very frequently observed in the polyploids.
摘要Loliinae(Poacee)亚族的单子叶植物Lolium复合体包括几种具有重要经济价值的牧草和草坪草。该复合体包括林奈Lolium Linnaeus,1753,林奈Festuca Linnaeu斯,1753 Schedonorus亚属(P.Beauvois,1824)Petermann,1849和Micropyropsis Romero Zarco et Cabezudo,1983。对三个物种的5S和18S–26S rDNA序列的新FISH结果进行了介绍,并在对复合物中5S和18S-26S rNA序列在其他物种中的分布模式的综述中对结果进行了解释。Micropyroppsistuberosa Romero-Zarco et Cabezudo,1983(2n=2x=14)显示出与F.pratensis Hudson,1762相同的rDNA序列分布模式,支持系统发育树底部的密切系统发育关系。“Lolium multiflorum”Lamarck,1779份来源于摩洛哥的材料显示出与欧洲多花Lolium不同的模式,可能是一个独特的、以前没有特征的分类单元。North African Festucasimensis Hochstetter ex A.Richard,1851具有与一个18S–26S rDNA基因座的异倍体和单亲缺失一致的标记模式。这种异四倍体先前被认为起源于与Graucescens的杂交种(Festucaarundinaceavar.glaucescens-Boissier,1844)。然而,这两个rDNA序列在该异四倍体中的分布模式与灰白色念珠菌不一致,这表明它不太可能起源于该物种。此外,与复合体中其他较高的异倍体的比较表明,F.simensis是异六倍体Festucagigantea(Linnaeus)Villars(1787)的两个子基因组的潜在供体。在整个复合体中,两个rDNA标记的近端位置在二倍体物种中是保守的。两个标记的两种类型的同源性可以在相当大的程度上区分同种和同源的Lolium物种。三种羊茅异四倍体的祖先亲缘关系尚未确定,但这三种似乎都是Schedonorus亚属高级异倍体的亚基因组供体。两种标记的末端位置在二倍体中都不存在,但在多倍体中经常观察到。
{"title":"Distribution patterns of rDNA loci in the Schedonorus-Lolium complex (Poaceae)","authors":"H. Ansari, N. Ellison, A. Stewart, Warren Mervyn Williams","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.79056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Schedonorus-Lolium complex of the subtribe Loliinae (Poaceae) includes several economically important forage and turf grasses. This complex encompasses Lolium Linnaeus, 1753, Festuca Linnaeus, 1753 subgenus Schedonorus (P. Beauvois, 1824) Petermann, 1849 and Micropyropsis Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983. New FISH results of 5S and 18S–26S rDNA sequences are presented for three species and the results are interpreted in a review of distribution patterns of 5S and 18S–26S rDNA sequences among other species in the complex. Micropyropsistuberosa Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983 (2n = 2x = 14) displayed a distribution pattern of rDNA sequences identical to that of F.pratensis Hudson, 1762, supporting a close phylogenetic relationship at the bottom of the phylogenetic tree. “Loliummultiflorum” Lamarck, 1779 accessions sourced from Morocco showed a different pattern from European L.multiflorum and could be a unique and previously uncharacterised taxon. North African Festucasimensis Hochstetter ex A. Richard, 1851 had a marker pattern consistent with allotetraploidy and uniparental loss of one 18S–26S rDNA locus. This allotetraploid has previously been suggested to have originated from a hybrid with Festucaglaucescens (Festucaarundinaceavar.glaucescens Boissier, 1844). However, the distribution patterns of the two rDNA sequences in this allotetraploid do not align with F.glaucescens, suggesting that its origin from this species is unlikely. Furthermore, comparisons with other higher alloploids in the complex indicate that F.simensis was a potential donor of two sub-genomes of allohexaploid Festucagigantea (Linnaeus) Villars, 1787. In the overall complex, the proximal locations of both rDNA markers were conserved among the diploid species. Two types of synteny of the two markers could, to a considerable extent, distinguish allo- and autogamous Lolium species. The ancestral parentage of the three Festuca allotetraploids has not yet been determined, but all three appear to have been sub-genome donors to the higher allopolypoids of sub-genus Schedonorus. Terminal locations of both the markers were absent from the diploids but were very frequently observed in the polyploids.","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"39 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i1.79182
M. K. Karmokov
Abstract
文摘
{"title":"Karyotype characteristics and gene COI sequences of Chironomusbonus Shilova et Dzhvarsheishvili, 1974 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the South Caucasus (Republic of Georgia, Paravani river)","authors":"M. K. Karmokov","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i1.79182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i1.79182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"19 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We performed a molecular and cytogenetic analysis on different Mantellinae species and revised the available chromosomal data on this group to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity and evolution. Using a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, we performed a molecular taxonomic identification of the samples that were used for cytogenetic analyses. A comparative cytogenetic analysis, with Giemsa's staining, Ag-NOR staining and sequential C-banding + Giemsa + CMA + DAPI was performed on eight species: Gephyromantis sp. Ca19, G.striatus (Vences, Glaw, Andreone, Jesu et Schimmenti, 2002), Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) sp. Ca11, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus (Peracca, 1893), M. (Hylobatrachus) cowanii (Boulenger, 1882), Spinomantispropeaglavei "North" (Methuen et Hewitt, 1913), S.phantasticus (Glaw et Vences, 1997) and S. sp. Ca3. Gephyromantisstriatus, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus and Spinomantispropeaglavei "North" have a karyotype of 2n = 24 chromosomes while the other species show 2n = 26 chromosomes. Among the analysed species we detected differences in the number and position of telocentric elements, location of NOR loci (alternatively on the 6th, 7th or 10th pair) and in the distribution of heterochromatin, which shows species-specific patterns. Merging our data with those previously available, we propose a karyotype of 2n = 26 with all biarmed elements and loci of NORs on the 6th chromosome pair as the ancestral state in the whole family Mantellidae. From this putative ancestral condition, a reduction of chromosome number through similar tandem fusions (from 2n = 26 to 2n = 24) occurred independently in Mantidactylus Boulenger, 1895 (subgenus Brygoomantis Dubois, 1992), Spinomantis Dubois, 1992 and Gephyromantis Methuen, 1920. Similarly, a relocation of NORs, from the putative primitive configuration on the 6th chromosome, occurred independently in Gephyromantis, Blommersia Dubois, 1992, Guibemantis Dubois, 1992, Mantella Boulenger, 1882 and Spinomantis. Chromosome inversions of primitive biarmed elements likely generated a variable number of telocentric elements in Mantellanigricans Guibé, 1978 and a different number of taxa of Gephyromantis (subgenera Duboimantis Glaw et Vences, 2006 and Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980) and Mantidactylus (subgenera Brygoomantis, Chonomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994, Hylobatrachus Laurent, 1943 and Ochthomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994).
我们对不同的蝠鲼科物种进行了分子和细胞遗传学分析,并修改了该组的可用染色体数据,以提供对其核体多样性和进化的最新评估。使用线粒体16S rRNA的片段,我们对用于细胞遗传学分析的样本进行了分子分类鉴定。用Giemsa染色、Ag-NOR染色和连续C带+Giemsa+CMA+DAPI对8个物种进行了比较细胞遗传学分析:Gephyromantis sp.Ca19、G.striatus(Vences,Glaw,Andreone,Jesu et Schimmenti,2002)、Mantidactylus(Chonomantis)sp.Ca11、M.(Brygoomantis)alutus(Peracca,1893)、M.(Hylobatrachus)cowanii(Boulenger,1882),Spinomatisperaglavei“North”(Methuen et Hewitt,1913)、S.phatasticus(Glaw et Vences,1997)和S.sp.Ca3。条斑藻属(Gephyromantistriatus)、斑叶藻属(M.(Brygoomantis)alutus)和北斑叶藻(Spinomatisperaglavei“North”)的染色体组型为2n=24,而其他物种的染色体组号为2n=26。在分析的物种中,我们检测到末端中心元件的数量和位置、NOR基因座的位置(可选择在第6对、第7对或第10对)以及异染色质的分布存在差异,这显示了物种特异性模式。将我们的数据与先前可用的数据合并,我们提出了2n=26的核型,其中第6对染色体上的所有NORs的双臂元件和基因座都是整个蝠鲼科的祖先状态。根据这一假定的祖先条件,在Mantidactylus Boulenger,1895(Brygoumantis Dubois亚属,1992)、Spinomantis Dubois,1992和Gephyromantis Methuen,1920中,通过类似的串联融合(从2n=26到2n=24),染色体数量独立减少。类似地,NORs从第6染色体上假定的原始构型的重新定位独立地发生在Gephyromantis、Blommersia Dubois,1992、Guibemantis Dubois、Mantella Boulenger,1882和Spinomantis中。原始双臂元件的染色体反转可能在黑曼特拉藻Guibé中产生了数量可变的末端中心元件,1978,以及不同数量的Gephyromantis(Duboimantis Glaw et Vences亚属,2006和Laurentomantis Dubois,1980)和Mantidactylus(Brygoumantis亚属,Chonomatis Glawet Vences,1994,Hylobatrachus Laurent,1943和Ochthomatis Glau et Vences(1994))的分类群。
{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics on eight Malagasy Mantellinae (Anura, Mantellidae) and a synthesis of the karyological data on the subfamily.","authors":"Marcello Mezzasalma, Franco Andreone, Gaetano Odierna, Fabio Maria Guarino, Angelica Crottini","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.76260","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.76260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed a molecular and cytogenetic analysis on different Mantellinae species and revised the available chromosomal data on this group to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity and evolution. Using a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, we performed a molecular taxonomic identification of the samples that were used for cytogenetic analyses. A comparative cytogenetic analysis, with Giemsa's staining, Ag-NOR staining and sequential C-banding + Giemsa + CMA + DAPI was performed on eight species: <i>Gephyromantis</i> sp. Ca19, <i>G.striatus</i> (Vences, Glaw, Andreone, Jesu et Schimmenti, 2002), Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) sp. Ca11, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus (Peracca, 1893), M. (Hylobatrachus) cowanii (Boulenger, 1882), Spinomantispropeaglavei \"North\" (Methuen et Hewitt, 1913), <i>S.phantasticus</i> (Glaw et Vences, 1997) and <i>S.</i> sp. Ca3. <i>Gephyromantisstriatus</i>, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus and Spinomantispropeaglavei \"North\" have a karyotype of 2n = 24 chromosomes while the other species show 2n = 26 chromosomes. Among the analysed species we detected differences in the number and position of telocentric elements, location of NOR loci (alternatively on the 6<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> or 10<sup>th</sup> pair) and in the distribution of heterochromatin, which shows species-specific patterns. Merging our data with those previously available, we propose a karyotype of 2n = 26 with all biarmed elements and loci of NORs on the 6<sup>th</sup> chromosome pair as the ancestral state in the whole family Mantellidae. From this putative ancestral condition, a reduction of chromosome number through similar tandem fusions (from 2n = 26 to 2n = 24) occurred independently in Mantidactylus Boulenger, 1895 (subgenus Brygoomantis Dubois, 1992), <i>Spinomantis</i> Dubois, 1992 and <i>Gephyromantis</i> Methuen, 1920. Similarly, a relocation of NORs, from the putative primitive configuration on the 6<sup>th</sup> chromosome, occurred independently in <i>Gephyromantis</i>, <i>Blommersia</i> Dubois, 1992, <i>Guibemantis</i> Dubois, 1992, <i>Mantella</i> Boulenger, 1882 and <i>Spinomantis</i>. Chromosome inversions of primitive biarmed elements likely generated a variable number of telocentric elements in <i>Mantellanigricans</i> Guibé, 1978 and a different number of taxa of <i>Gephyromantis</i> (subgenera <i>Duboimantis</i> Glaw et Vences, 2006 and <i>Laurentomantis</i> Dubois, 1980) and <i>Mantidactylus</i> (subgenera <i>Brygoomantis</i>, <i>Chonomantis</i> Glaw et Vences, 1994, <i>Hylobatrachus</i> Laurent, 1943 and <i>Ochthomantis</i> Glaw et Vences, 1994).</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8857137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39670842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}