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First cytogenetic data on Afrotropical lutefishes (Citharinidae) in the light of karyotype evolution in Characiformes. First从特征核型进化的角度看非洲热带琵浪鱼的细胞遗传学资料。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i2.79133
Sergey A Simanovsky, Dmitry A Medvedev, Fekadu Tefera, Alexander S Golubtsov

The Afrotropical lutefish family Citharinidae (Citharinoidei, Characiformes) comprises three genera with eight species in total. Although Citharinidae have been studied in terms of taxonomy and systematics, no cytogenetic information was available for any representative of the family. Furthermore, only one species out of 116 in Citharinoidei (Distichodusaffinis Günther, 1873) has been studied cytogenetically. Here, we report the karyotypes of Citharinuscitharus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809) from West Africa and Citharinuslatus Müller et Troschel, 1844 from Northeast Africa. The former has the diploid chromosome number 2n = 40 and the fundamental number FN = 80, while the latter has 2n = 44 and FN = 88. Hence, these karyotypes consist exclusively of bi-armed chromosomes. Such karyotypes were previously found in D.affinis and in many lineages of Neotropical species of another suborder of Characiformes, Characoidei. In contrast, the karyotypes dominated by uni-armed elements are typical for a number of phylogenetically basal lineages of Afrotropical and Neotropical Characoidei. We discuss the importance of our data on Citharinidae for the understanding of the karyotype evolution within the order Characiformes.

非洲热带琵琶鱼科有3属,共8种。虽然已经在分类学和系统学方面进行了研究,但没有关于该科任何代表的细胞遗传学资料。此外,在Citharinoidei (Distichodusaffinis g nther, 1873)的116种中,仅有1种进行了细胞遗传学研究。本文报道了西非的Citharinuscitharus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809)和东北部的Citharinuslatus m ller et Troschel, 1844的核型。前者二倍体染色体数目为2n = 40,基数为FN = 80,后者二倍体染色体数目为2n = 44,基数为FN = 88。因此,这些核型完全由双臂染色体组成。这种核型以前在D.affinis和特征亚目特征亚目新热带物种的许多谱系中都发现过。相反,单臂元素主导的核型在非洲热带和新热带特征科的许多系统发育基础谱系中是典型的。我们讨论了我们关于蝙蝠科的数据对理解昆虫特征目内核型进化的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
A critical review on cytogenetics of Cucurbitaceae with updates on Indian taxa. A瓜科植物细胞遗传学综述及印度分类群的最新进展。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i2.79033
Biplab Kumar Bhowmick, Sumita Jha

The cytogenetic relationships in the species of Cucurbitaceae are becoming immensely important to answer questions pertaining to genome evolution. Here, a simplified and updated data resource on cytogenetics of Cucurbitaceae is presented on the basis of foundational parameters (basic, zygotic and gametic chromosome numbers, ploidy, genome size, karyotype) and molecular cytogenetics. We have revised and collated our own findings on seven agriculturally important Indian cucurbit species in a comparative account with the globally published reports. Chromosome count (of around 19% species) shows nearly three-fold differences while genome size (of nearly 5% species) shows 5.84-fold differences across the species. There is no significant correlation between chromosome numbers and nuclear genome sizes. The possible trend of evolution is discussed here based on molecular cytogenetics data, especially the types and distribution of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). The review supersedes the scopes of general chromosome databases and invites scopes for continuous updates. The offline resource serves as an exclusive toolkit for research and breeding communities across the globe and also opens scope for future establishment of web-database on Cucurbitaceae cytogenetics.

葫芦科植物的细胞遗传学关系对于解答基因组进化的相关问题变得非常重要。本文以基本参数(基本染色体数、合子染色体数、配子染色体数、倍性、基因组大小、核型)和分子细胞遗传学为基础,介绍了葫芦科植物细胞遗传学的简化和更新的数据资源。我们已经修订和整理了我们自己对7个重要农业印度葫芦物种的研究结果,并与全球发表的报告进行了比较。染色体计数(约19%的物种)显示出近3倍的差异,而基因组大小(近5%的物种)显示出5.84倍的差异。染色体数目与核基因组大小之间无显著相关性。本文根据分子细胞遗传学数据,特别是核仁组织区(NORs)的类型和分布,讨论了可能的进化趋势。该综述取代了一般染色体数据库的范围,并邀请了持续更新的范围。离线资源作为全球研究和育种社区的独家工具包,也为未来建立葫芦科细胞遗传学网络数据库开辟了空间。
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引用次数: 2
Karyotype description and comparative chromosomal mapping of rDNA and U2 snDNA sequences in Eigenmannialimbata and E.microstoma (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae). Karyotype Eigenmannialimbata和E.microstoma (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae) rDNA和U2 snDNA序列的描述和比较染色体定位。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i2.72190
Cristian Andrés Araya-Jaime, Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva, Luís Ricardo Ribeiro da Silva, Cristiano Neves do Nascimento, Claudio Oliveira, Fausto Foresti

The genus Eigenmannia Jordan et Evermann,1896 includes electric fishes endemic to the Neotropical region with extensive karyotype variability and occurrence of different sex chromosome systems, however, cytogenetic studies within this group are restricted to few species. Here, we describe the karyotypes of Eigenmannialimbata (Schreiner et Miranda Ribeiro, 1903) and E.microstoma (Reinhardt, 1852) and the chromosomal locations of 5S and 18S rDNAs (ribosomal RNA genes) and U2 snDNA (small nuclear RNA gene). Among them, 18S rDNA sites were situated in only one chromosomal pair in both species, and co-localized with 5S rDNA in E.microstoma. On the other hand, 5S rDNA and U2 snRNA sites were observed on several chromosomes, with variation in the number of sites between species under study. These two repetitive DNAs were observed co-localized in one chromosomal pair in E.limbata and in four pairs in E.microstoma. Our study shows a new case of association of these two types of repetitive DNA in the genome of Gymnotiformes.

Eigenmannia Jordan et Evermann,1896包括新热带地区特有的电鱼,具有广泛的核型变异和不同性染色体系统的发生,然而,对这一群体的细胞遗传学研究仅限于少数物种。本文描述了Eigenmannialimbata (Schreiner et Miranda Ribeiro, 1903)和E.microstoma (Reinhardt, 1852)的核型,以及5S和18S rnas(核糖体RNA基因)和U2 snDNA(小核RNA基因)的染色体位置。其中,18S rDNA位点在两种物种中仅位于一对染色体上,并且在小口棘球绦虫中与5S rDNA共定位。另一方面,在一些染色体上观察到5S rDNA和U2 snRNA位点,在研究的物种之间,位点的数量存在差异。这两种重复的dna分别位于limbata的1对染色体上和microstoma的4对染色体上。我们的研究显示了这两种类型的重复DNA在裸子形动物基因组中的关联的新情况。
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引用次数: 1
The new highest number of B chromosomes (Bs) in Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817). The Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817)中B染色体数目最高的新发现。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i3.89911
Marija Rajičić, Ivana Budinski, Milan Miljević, Branka Bajić, Milan Paunović, Mladen Vujošević, Jelena Blagojević

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary to the standard chromosome set, from which they prevalently derive. Variation in numbers both among individuals or populations and among cells within individuals is their constant feature. Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817) is one of only four species of Chiroptera with detected Bs. Four males of N.leisleri were collected from two localities on the territory of Serbia and cytogenetically analysed. All animals had Bs with interindividual variability ranging from two to five heterochromatic micro Bs. The highest number of Bs was detected in this species. Among mammals, Rodentia and Chiroptera are orders with the largest number of species, but Bs frequently appear in rodents and rarely in chiropterans. Possible explanations for this difference are offered.

B染色体(B)是额外的标准染色体集,他们普遍来自。个体之间或群体之间以及个体内部细胞之间的数量变化是它们的恒定特征。Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817)是仅有的4种检测到b的翼翅目蝙蝠之一。在塞尔维亚境内的两个地点采集了4只雄性莱斯利奈瑟螨,并进行了细胞遗传学分析。所有动物都有b,个体间变异范围从2到5个异色微b。在该物种中检测到的Bs数量最多。在哺乳动物中,啮齿目和翼手目是种类最多的目,但b在啮齿目中出现较多,在翼手目中较少。对这种差异给出了可能的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative analysis reveals cryptic speciation linked to habitat differentiation within Albanian populations of the anomalous blues (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatus Latreille, 1804). Integrative分析揭示了阿尔巴尼亚种群中与异常蓝的栖息地分化有关的隐物种形成(鳞翅目,灰盲蝽科,Polyommatus Latreille, 1804)。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i4.90558
Laurian Parmentier, Roger Vila, Vladimir Lukhtanov

The Balkan Peninsula is one of the greatest hotspots for biodiversity in Europe. While the region has been investigated thoroughly, some parts remain understudied and may still harbour undiscovered diversity, even in well-studied organisms such as Lepidoptera. Here we investigated the group of the so-called anomalous blue butterflies, also known as 'brown complex' of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822 including the taxa of the entire Polyommatusaroaniensis (Brown, 1976) species complex. This species complex is distributed in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and known to be represented by three closely related allopatric species, differentiated by their chromosome numbers (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA. These are P.aroaniensis sensu stricto (Southern Greece, Peloponnese, n=47-48; mt haplogroup aroa1), P.timfristos Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya et Shapoval, 2016 (Central Greece, Attika, n=38, aroa2) and P.orphicus Kolev, 2005 (North-Eastern Greece, Southern Bulgaria, n=41-42, orph1). Based on an analysis of chromosomal, molecular and morphological markers, we demonstrate that a fourth taxon of this species complex exists in Albania. This taxon possesses the mt haplogroup aroa3, which is the most differentiated within the entire P.aroaniensis species complex, and the karyotype (n=42-43), which differs by one fixed chromosome fission from P.orphicus. The Albanian taxon seems to be ecologically specialised (habitat on dark-coloured, ophiolitic substrate soils) and differs in colouration (wing reflectance) from the others taxa of the P.aroaniensis species group. Based on the evidence here presented and following the current view of the taxonomy of the group, we propose considering the Albanian taxon as a new species, here described as Polyommatuslurae sp. nov. At the contact zone between the new species and P.orphicus, in addition to typical ones, we detected specimens with haplogroup orph2, karyotype n=43 and intermediate morphology, which seem to represent P.lurae × P.orphicus hybrids.

巴尔干半岛是欧洲生物多样性最大的热点之一。虽然该地区已经进行了彻底的调查,但有些部分仍未得到充分研究,甚至在鳞翅目等研究充分的生物中也可能存在未被发现的多样性。在这里,我们研究了所谓的异常蓝蝴蝶群体,也被称为“棕色复合体”的Agrodiaetus h bner亚属,1822,包括整个Polyommatusaroaniensis (brown, 1976)物种复合体的分类群。该物种复合体分布在巴尔干半岛南部,已知由三个密切相关的异域物种代表,通过染色体数目(n)和线粒体DNA (mt)来区分。这些是P.aroaniensis sensu stricto(希腊南部,伯罗奔尼撒半岛,n=47-48;P.timfristos Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya et Shapoval, 2016(希腊中部,Attika, n=38, aroa2)和P.orphicus Kolev, 2005(希腊东北部,保加利亚南部,n=41-42, oro1)。基于染色体、分子和形态标记的分析,我们证明了该物种复合体的第四个分类单元存在于阿尔巴尼亚。该分类单元具有在整个P.aroaniensis物种复合体中分化程度最高的mt单倍群aroa3,其核型(n=42-43)与p.a oricus只存在一条固定染色体裂变。阿尔巴尼亚分类群似乎是生态特化的(栖息在深色的蛇绿基质土壤上),在颜色(翅膀反射率)上与P.aroaniensis物种群的其他分类群不同。根据上述证据和现有的类群分类学观点,我们建议将阿尔巴尼亚类群作为一个新种考虑,本文将其描述为Polyommatuslurae sp. 11 .在新种与p.orphius的接触区,除了典型的类群外,我们还检测到具有单倍群orph2、核型n=43和中间形态的标本,这些标本可能代表P.lurae与p.orphius的杂交。
{"title":"Integrative analysis reveals cryptic speciation linked to habitat differentiation within Albanian populations of the anomalous blues (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, <i>Polyommatus</i> Latreille, 1804).","authors":"Laurian Parmentier,&nbsp;Roger Vila,&nbsp;Vladimir Lukhtanov","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i4.90558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v16.i4.90558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Balkan Peninsula is one of the greatest hotspots for biodiversity in Europe. While the region has been investigated thoroughly, some parts remain understudied and may still harbour undiscovered diversity, even in well-studied organisms such as Lepidoptera. Here we investigated the group of the so-called anomalous blue butterflies, also known as 'brown complex' of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822 including the taxa of the entire <i>Polyommatusaroaniensis</i> (Brown, 1976) species complex. This species complex is distributed in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and known to be represented by three closely related allopatric species, differentiated by their chromosome numbers (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA. These are <i>P.aroaniensis</i> sensu stricto (Southern Greece, Peloponnese, n=47-48; mt haplogroup <i>aroa1</i>), <i>P.timfristos</i> Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya et Shapoval, 2016 (Central Greece, Attika, n=38, <i>aroa2</i>) and <i>P.orphicus</i> Kolev, 2005 (North-Eastern Greece, Southern Bulgaria, n=41-42, <i>orph1</i>). Based on an analysis of chromosomal, molecular and morphological markers, we demonstrate that a fourth taxon of this species complex exists in Albania. This taxon possesses the mt haplogroup <i>aroa3</i>, which is the most differentiated within the entire <i>P.aroaniensis</i> species complex, and the karyotype (n=42-43), which differs by one fixed chromosome fission from <i>P.orphicus</i>. The Albanian taxon seems to be ecologically specialised (habitat on dark-coloured, ophiolitic substrate soils) and differs in colouration (wing reflectance) from the others taxa of the <i>P.aroaniensis</i> species group. Based on the evidence here presented and following the current view of the taxonomy of the group, we propose considering the Albanian taxon as a new species, here described as <i>Polyommatuslurae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> At the contact zone between the new species and <i>P.orphicus</i>, in addition to typical ones, we detected specimens with haplogroup orph2, karyotype n=43 and intermediate morphology, which seem to represent <i>P.lurae</i> × <i>P.orphicus</i> hybrids.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 4","pages":"211-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9836409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10687551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Karyotype differentiation and male meiosis in European clades of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Karyotype蜘蛛属欧洲分支的分化和雄性减数分裂(蜘蛛目,蜘蛛科)。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i4.85059
Jiří Král, Ivalú M Ávila Herrera, František Šťáhlavský, David Sadílek, Jaroslav Pavelka, Maria Chatzaki, Bernhard A Huber

Haplogyne araneomorphs are a diverse spider clade. Their karyotypes are usually predominated by biarmed (i.e., metacentric and submetacentric) chromosomes and have a specific sex chromosome system, X1X2Y. These features are probably ancestral for haplogynes. Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) spread frequently from autosomes to sex chromosomes in these spiders. This study focuses on pholcids (Pholcidae), a highly diverse haplogyne family. Despite considerable recent progress in pholcid cytogenetics, knowledge on many clades remains insufficient including the most species-rich pholcid genus, Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805. To characterize the karyotype differentiation of Pholcus in Europe, we compared karyotypes, sex chromosomes, NORs, and male meiosis of seven species [P.alticeps Spassky, 1932; P.creticus Senglet, 1971; P.dentatus Wunderlich, 1995; P.fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992; P.phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775); P.opilionoides (Schrank, 1781); P.silvai Wunderlich, 1995] representing the dominant species groups in this region. The species studied show several features ancestral for Pholcus, namely the 2n♂ = 25, the X1X2Y system, and a karyotype predominated by biarmed chromosomes. Most taxa have a large acrocentric NOR-bearing pair, which evolved from a biarmed pair by a pericentric inversion. In some lineages, the acrocentric pair reverted to biarmed. Closely related species often differ in the morphology of some chromosome pairs, probably resulting from pericentric inversions and/or translocations. Such rearrangements have been implicated in the formation of reproductive barriers. While the X1 and Y chromosomes retain their ancestral metacentric morphology, the X2 chromosome shows a derived (acrocentric or subtelocentric) morphology. Pairing of this element is usually modified during male meiosis. NOR patterns are very diverse. The ancestral karyotype of Pholcus contained five or six terminal NORs including three X chromosome-linked loci. The number of NORs has been frequently reduced during evolution. In the Macaronesian clade, there is only a single NOR-bearing pair. Sex chromosome-linked NORs are lost in Madeiran species and in P.creticus. Our study revealed two cytotypes in the synanthropic species P.phalangioides (Madeiran and Czech), which differ by their NOR pattern and chromosome morphology. In the Czech cytotype, the large acrocentric pair was transformed into a biarmed pair by pericentric inversion.

单倍体异形蜘蛛是一个多样化的蜘蛛分支。它们的核型通常以双臂(即,稳中心和亚稳中心)染色体为主,并具有特定的性染色体系统X1X2Y。这些特征可能是单倍体的祖先。在这些蜘蛛中,核仁组织区(NORs)经常从常染色体向性染色体扩散。本研究的重点是水蛭科,一个高度多样化的单倍体家族。尽管近年来在磷脂细胞遗传学方面取得了相当大的进展,但对许多分支的了解仍然不足,包括物种最丰富的磷脂属,Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805。为了描述欧洲狐猴的核型分化,我们比较了7种狐猴的核型、性染色体、NORs和雄性减数分裂[P]。斯帕斯基,1932;P.creticus Senglet, 1971;P.dentatus Wunderlich, 1995;p . fuerteventuresis Wunderlich, 1992;phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775);P.opilionoides (Schrank, 1781);P.silvai Wunderlich, 1995]代表了该地区的优势种群。所研究的物种显示了几个特征,即2n♂= 25,X1X2Y系统,以及以双臂染色体为主的核型。大多数分类群都有一对大的单中心带nor的对,这对对是由双臂对通过近中心反转而进化而来的。在一些世系中,单中心对恢复到双臂。亲缘关系密切的物种在某些染色体对的形态上常常不同,这可能是由中心周围倒置和/或易位造成的。这种重新排列与生殖障碍的形成有关。当X1和Y染色体保留其祖先的稳中心形态时,X2染色体显示衍生的(远中心或亚远中心)形态。在雄性减数分裂过程中,这种元素的配对通常被修改。NOR模式非常多样化。福尔库斯的祖先核型包含5或6个末端NORs,其中包括3个X染色体连锁位点。在进化过程中,NORs的数量经常减少。在Macaronesian分支中,只有一个单一的no轴承对。性染色体连锁的NORs在马德拉物种和P.creticus中丢失。我们的研究揭示了两种细胞型,它们的NOR模式和染色体形态不同。在捷克细胞型中,大的单中心对通过周中心反转转化为双臂对。
{"title":"Karyotype differentiation and male meiosis in European clades of the spider genus <i>Pholcus</i> (Araneae, Pholcidae).","authors":"Jiří Král,&nbsp;Ivalú M Ávila Herrera,&nbsp;František Šťáhlavský,&nbsp;David Sadílek,&nbsp;Jaroslav Pavelka,&nbsp;Maria Chatzaki,&nbsp;Bernhard A Huber","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i4.85059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i4.85059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haplogyne araneomorphs are a diverse spider clade. Their karyotypes are usually predominated by biarmed (i.e., metacentric and submetacentric) chromosomes and have a specific sex chromosome system, X<sub>1</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y. These features are probably ancestral for haplogynes. Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) spread frequently from autosomes to sex chromosomes in these spiders. This study focuses on pholcids (Pholcidae), a highly diverse haplogyne family. Despite considerable recent progress in pholcid cytogenetics, knowledge on many clades remains insufficient including the most species-rich pholcid genus, <i>Pholcus</i> Walckenaer, 1805. To characterize the karyotype differentiation of <i>Pholcus</i> in Europe, we compared karyotypes, sex chromosomes, NORs, and male meiosis of seven species [<i>P.alticeps</i> Spassky, 1932; <i>P.creticus</i> Senglet, 1971; <i>P.dentatus</i> Wunderlich, 1995; <i>P.fuerteventurensis</i> Wunderlich, 1992; <i>P.phalangioides</i> (Fuesslin, 1775); <i>P.opilionoides</i> (Schrank, 1781); <i>P.silvai</i> Wunderlich, 1995] representing the dominant species groups in this region. The species studied show several features ancestral for <i>Pholcus</i>, namely the 2n♂ = 25, the X<sub>1</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y system, and a karyotype predominated by biarmed chromosomes. Most taxa have a large acrocentric NOR-bearing pair, which evolved from a biarmed pair by a pericentric inversion. In some lineages, the acrocentric pair reverted to biarmed. Closely related species often differ in the morphology of some chromosome pairs, probably resulting from pericentric inversions and/or translocations. Such rearrangements have been implicated in the formation of reproductive barriers. While the X<sub>1</sub> and Y chromosomes retain their ancestral metacentric morphology, the X<sub>2</sub> chromosome shows a derived (acrocentric or subtelocentric) morphology. Pairing of this element is usually modified during male meiosis. NOR patterns are very diverse. The ancestral karyotype of <i>Pholcus</i> contained five or six terminal NORs including three X chromosome-linked loci. The number of NORs has been frequently reduced during evolution. In the Macaronesian clade, there is only a single NOR-bearing pair. Sex chromosome-linked NORs are lost in Madeiran species and in <i>P.creticus</i>. Our study revealed two cytotypes in the synanthropic species <i>P.phalangioides</i> (Madeiran and Czech), which differ by their NOR pattern and chromosome morphology. In the Czech cytotype, the large acrocentric pair was transformed into a biarmed pair by pericentric inversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 4","pages":"185-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9836407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10687554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Karyotype and COI gene sequences of Chironomusmelanotus Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region, Russia, and the difficulties with its identification using GenBank and BOLD systems. 俄罗斯雅罗斯拉夫尔地区1961年Chironomusmelanotus Keyl的Karyotype和COI基因序列及其GenBank和BOLD系统鉴定的困难
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.90336
Viktor V Bolshakov, Ekaterina A Movergoz

Karyotype and COI gene sequences of Chironomusmelanotus Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region (Russia) were analyzed. A low level of chromosomal polymorphism has been confirmed, eventually eight banding sequences were found: melA1, melB1, melC1, melD1, melE1, melF1, and melG1; only melD2 was found in two larvae from the Sunoga river. Analysis of phylogenetic tree and estimated genetic distances has shown not all COI gene sequences of Ch.melanotus in GenBank and BOLD to belong to this species. The lower distance of 0.4% was observed between two sequences from the Yaroslavl region and Finland, apparently these are true Ch.melanotus sequences. The distances between true Ch.melanotus and other sequences from Finland were 9.5% and 12.4%, and from Sweden it was 11%. The average genetic distance between studied sequences of 9.1% is out of the range of the 3% threshold previously determined for chironomids. According to our estimates, there are two sequences with a distance of 2.9% that may belong to Ch.annularius Meigen, 1818, and one sequence with a genetic distance of 2.1%, may belonging to Ch.cingulatus Meigen, 1830, which has been confirmed karyologically. Another two sequences form a separate cluster. We suggest that they either belong to a known species, but are not present in the databases, or belong to a distinct, undescribed species.

对俄罗斯雅罗斯拉夫尔(Yaroslavl)地区1961种Chironomusmelanotus Keyl的核型和COI基因序列进行了分析。证实了低水平的染色体多态性,最终发现了八个带序列:melA1, melB1, melC1, melD1, melE1, melF1和melG1;只有melD2在两条来自Sunoga河的幼虫中被发现。系统发育树分析和估计遗传距离表明,GenBank和BOLD中黑毛鼠的COI基因序列并非都属于该物种。来自雅罗斯拉夫尔地区和芬兰的两个序列之间的距离较低,为0.4%,显然这是真实的黑斑切鼠序列。芬兰和瑞典的真黑斑切蚊与其他序列的距离分别为9.5%和12.4%,瑞典为11%。所研究序列之间的平均遗传距离为9.1%,超出了先前确定的摇尾鱼3%的阈值范围。根据我们的估计,有两个序列的遗传距离为2.9%,可能属于1818年的Ch.annularius Meigen,一个序列的遗传距离为2.1%,可能属于1830年的Ch.cingulatus Meigen,这已经得到了核学上的证实。另外两个序列形成一个单独的簇。我们认为它们要么属于一个已知的物种,但没有出现在数据库中,要么属于一个独特的,未被描述的物种。
{"title":"Karyotype and COI gene sequences of <i>Chironomusmelanotus</i> Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region, Russia, and the difficulties with its identification using GenBank and BOLD systems.","authors":"Viktor V Bolshakov,&nbsp;Ekaterina A Movergoz","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.90336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.90336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Karyotype and <i>COI</i> gene sequences of <i>Chironomusmelanotus</i> Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region (Russia) were analyzed. A low level of chromosomal polymorphism has been confirmed, eventually eight banding sequences were found: melA1, melB1, melC1, melD1, melE1, melF1, and melG1; only melD2 was found in two larvae from the Sunoga river. Analysis of phylogenetic tree and estimated genetic distances has shown not all <i>COI</i> gene sequences of <i>Ch.melanotus</i> in GenBank and BOLD to belong to this species. The lower distance of 0.4% was observed between two sequences from the Yaroslavl region and Finland, apparently these are true <i>Ch.melanotus</i> sequences. The distances between true <i>Ch.melanotus</i> and other sequences from Finland were 9.5% and 12.4%, and from Sweden it was 11%. The average genetic distance between studied sequences of 9.1% is out of the range of the 3% threshold previously determined for chironomids. According to our estimates, there are two sequences with a distance of 2.9% that may belong to <i>Ch.annularius</i> Meigen, 1818, and one sequence with a genetic distance of 2.1%, may belonging to <i>Ch.cingulatus</i> Meigen, 1830, which has been confirmed karyologically. Another two sequences form a separate cluster. We suggest that they either belong to a known species, but are not present in the databases, or belong to a distinct, undescribed species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"16 3","pages":"161-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9849057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10689446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Chironomus sp. prope agilis Kiknadze, Siirin, Filippova et al., 1991 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Kiknadze, Siirin, Filippova等,1991(双翅目,手蛾科)。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i4.95659
Veronika V Golygina

Species Chironomussp.propeagilis Kiknadze, Siirin, Filippova et al., 1991 belongs to the Ch.plumosus group of sibling species. It was described on the basis of its karyotype and analysis of isozymes from one population in the Urals but since then no quantitative data on chromosomal polymorphism of this species have been published. The goal of this study is to broaden our knowledge of the chromosomal polymorphism and distribution of the Chironomussp.propeagilis, which, along with the data on chromosomal polymorphism of other species from the Ch.plumosus group, can give us a better understanding of the connection between chromosomal polymorphism and ecological conditions of habitats. The specimens of Chironomussp.propeagilis were found only in 8 natural populations from the Urals, Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, which allows us to conclude that the species range of Chironomussp.propeagilis is not as wide as for most other species from Ch.plumosus group. An analysis of chromosomal polymorphism in these 8 natural populations of Chironomussp.propeagilis has been performed. All of the studied populations were either monomorphic or showed very low level of chromosomal polymorphism, with 4.4-8.7% of heterozygous specimens per population and 0.04-0.08 heterozygotic inversion per larvae. The total number of banding sequences found in the banding sequence pool of Chironomussp.propeagilis is 10. The mapping of banding sequence p'ag2B3 is presented for the first time. Besides inversions, one reciprocal translocation was found in a population from Kazakhstan, B-chromosome was found in one population from the Urals region of Russia, and heterozygosity of the level of expression of Balbiany rings in arm G was observed in several studied populations.

物种Chironomussp。propeagilis Kiknadze, Siirin, Filippova et al., 1991属于ch.p ulmosus兄弟种群。根据乌拉尔地区一个种群的核型和同工酶分析对其进行了描述,但此后没有发表关于该物种染色体多态性的定量资料。本研究的目的是拓宽我们对Chironomussp染色体多态性和分布的认识。这一结果与其他物种的染色体多态性数据一起,可以更好地了解染色体多态性与生境生态条件的关系。奇诺马属的标本。仅在乌拉尔、西伯利亚西部和哈萨克斯坦的8个自然居群中发现了propeagilis,因此我们可以得出Chironomussp的物种范围。前驱体的宽度不像羽毛龙属的大多数其他物种那么宽。8个天然居群的染色体多态性分析。已完成Propeagilis。所有种群均为单态或极低水平的染色体多态性,每种群杂合子数为4.4 ~ 8.7%,每幼虫杂合子倒置数为0.04 ~ 0.08。在Chironomussp的条带序列池中发现的条带序列总数。Propeagilis是10。首次给出了带序列p'ag2B3的映射。除反转外,在哈萨克斯坦的一个人群中发现了一个反向易位,在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区的一个人群中发现了b染色体,在几个研究人群中观察到G臂Balbiany环表达水平的杂合性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative chromosome studies in species of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae). Comparative兰科兰科亚族种的染色体研究。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2021-12-17 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.75990
Alessio Turco, Antonella Albano, Pietro Medagli, Robert P Wagensommer, Saverio D'Emerico
Abstract In our study, FISH mapping using 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA and 5S rDNA sequences was performed for the first time on Ophrystenthredinifera Willdenow, 1805, Serapiasvomeracea (Burman f., 1770) Briquet, 1910 and Himantoglossumhircinum (Linnaeus, 1753) Sprengel, 1826. A detailed study was also performed on O.tenthredinifera using Giemsa-staining, silver-staining, CMA fluorescence banding and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with rDNA probes. We analysed two subspecies, i.e. O.tenthrediniferasubsp.neglecta (Parlatore, 1860) E.G. Camus, 1908 and O.tenthrediniferasubsp.grandiflora (Tenore, 1819) Kreutz, 2004 by the traditional Feulgen method and constructed the karyotype. The cytotaxonomic implications for both taxa are also discussed. In Himantoglossumhircinum, FISH and silver staining highlighted differences in the number of two rDNA families (35S and 5S) with respect to Barliarobertiana (Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, 1807) Greuter, 1967. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridisation was also applied to diploid (2n = 2x = 36) and triploid (2n = 3x = 54) Anacamptismorio (Linnaeus, 1753) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase, 1997. As far as we are aware, this is the first case of autotriploidy observed in A.morio.
本研究首次利用18S-5.8S-25S rDNA和5S rDNA序列对Ophrystenthredinifera Willdenow(1805)、Serapiasvomeracea (Burman f., 1770) Briquet(1910)和Himantoglossumhircinum (Linnaeus, 1753) Sprengel(1826)进行FISH定位。采用giemsa染色、银染色、CMA荧光带和荧光原位杂交(FISH)等方法,用rDNA探针对黄颡鱼进行了详细的研究。采用传统的Feulgen方法分析了两个亚种,即o.tenthrediniferasubsp .忽略ta (Parlatore, 1860) E.G. Camus, 1908和o.tenthrediniferasubsp . grandflora (Tenore, 1819) Kreutz, 2004,并构建了核型。对这两个类群的细胞分类意义也进行了讨论。在Himantoglossumhircinum中,与Barliarobertiana (Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, 1807)相比,FISH和银染色突出了两个rDNA家族(35S和5S)的数量差异。此外,荧光原位杂交也应用于二倍体(2n = 2x = 36)和三倍体(2n = 3x = 54) Anacamptismorio (Linnaeus, 1753) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase, 1997。据我们所知,这是在A.morio中观察到的第一例自体三倍体。
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引用次数: 3
Revision of the banding sequence pool and new data on chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Chironomusagilis Shobanov et Djomin, 1988 (Diptera, Chironomidae). http://www.chionomusagilisshobanov et Djomin, 1988(双翅目,手蛾科)自然居群染色体多态性研究的新资料(Revision)。
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2021-12-17 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.76761
Veronika V Golygina, Oksana V Ermolaeva

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of chromosomal polymorphism in 19 natural populations of Ch.agilis had been performed. Most studied populations showed a medium level of chromosomal polymorphism: on average 45±3.0% of specimens are heterozygotes with 0.52±0.01 heterozygotic inversion per larvae. Besides inversions, B-chromosomes were found in two populations. The total number of banding sequences found in banding sequence pool of Ch.agilis is 16. Three banding sequences - p'agiB3, p'agiD3, p'agiF3 - are described for the first time.

对19个自然居群的染色体多态性进行了定量和定性分析。多数种群表现出中等水平的染色体多态性,平均45±3.0%的标本为杂合子,每只幼虫的杂合子倒置率为0.52±0.01。除反转外,在两个群体中还发现了b染色体。在Ch.agilis条带序列池中发现的条带序列总数为16个。首次描述了p'agiB3、p'agiD3、p'agiF3三个带带序列。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Comparative Cytogenetics
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