Pub Date : 2020-11-17eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.56743
Jaqueline Fernanda Dionisio, Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera, Angélica Nunes Tiepo, José Antônio Marin Fernandes, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Renata da Rosa
In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. D. melacanthus has 2n = 12 (10A + XY); L. viridis showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY); and E. collaris showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA3 staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species D. melacanthus and L. viridis. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.
{"title":"New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): <i>Dichelops melacanthus</i> (Dallas, 1851), <i>Loxa viridis</i> (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and <i>Edessa collaris</i> (Dallas, 1851).","authors":"Jaqueline Fernanda Dionisio, Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera, Angélica Nunes Tiepo, José Antônio Marin Fernandes, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Renata da Rosa","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.56743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.56743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: <i>Dichelops melacanthus</i> (Dallas, 1851), <i>Loxa viridis</i> (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and <i>Edessa collaris</i> (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. <i>D. melacanthus</i> has 2<i>n</i> = 12 (10A + XY); <i>L. viridis</i> showed 2<i>n</i> = 14 (12A + XY); and <i>E. collaris</i> showed 2<i>n</i> = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA<sub>3</sub> staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species <i>D. melacanthus</i> and <i>L. viridis</i>. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"577-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38309613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.59574
Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alexander V Dantchenko, Karine V Balayan, Anastasia V Gagarina
Chromosomal and molecular analyses of rapidly evolving organisms such as Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 blue butterflies are essential for understanding their taxonomy and evolutionary history, and the studies of populations from their type localities are crucially important for resolving problems of nomenclature and species identity. Here we present data on the topotypical population of the blue butterfly species described as Lycaena damone var. cyanea Staudinger, 1899. This taxon was described from Khankendi (Nagorno-Karabakh, Caucasus), and rediscovered at the type locality for the first time since it was collected there in 1869. The specimens were found on dry stony meadows with a predominance of Onobrychis radiata Bieberstein, 1810, on upper border of oak forests. Their haploid chromosome number (n) was established as n = 17. Chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA barcode analyses of the studied samples from type-locality provided an opportunity for the critical taxonomic re-examination of Caucasian species of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822 of the genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804. The obtained data support the interpretation of the P. (A.) cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899) and P. (A.) carmon (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) as two different, not closely related species complexes as previously hypothesized by Hugo de Lesse. On the contrary, the treatment by Walter Forster who considered these taxa as two groups of conspecific populations was not supported by our data.
对蓝蝴蝶和1804蓝蝴蝶等快速进化生物的染色体和分子分析是了解其分类学和进化历史的必要条件,而对其类型地种群的研究对于解决命名和物种识别问题至关重要。在这里,我们提出了蓝蝴蝶物种Lycaena damone var. cyanea Staudinger, 1899年的典型种群数据。该分类群来自高加索地区的Khankendi (Nagorno-Karabakh, Caucasus),自1869年被采集以来,首次在模式地点被重新发现。这些标本发现于干燥的石质草地上,在栎林上缘以辐射Onobrychis radiata Bieberstein为优势种。测定其单倍体染色体数目n = 17。对所研究样本进行染色体和线粒体DNA条形码分析,为1822年的Agrodiaetus h bner亚属和1804年的Polyommatus Latreille亚属的高加索种进行重要的分类重新检查提供了机会。所获得的数据支持了P. (A.) cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899)和P. (A.) carmon (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)作为两个不同的、不密切相关的物种复合体的解释,正如Hugo de Lesse先前假设的那样。相反,Walter Forster将这些分类群视为两组同种种群的处理方法并没有得到我们数据的支持。
{"title":"Karyotype and DNA barcode of <i>Polyommatus</i> (<i>Agrodiaetus</i>) <i>cyaneus</i> (Staudinger, 1899) from its type locality: implication for taxonomic and evolutionary research in <i>Polyommatus</i> blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).","authors":"Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Alexander V Dantchenko, Karine V Balayan, Anastasia V Gagarina","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.59574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.59574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromosomal and molecular analyses of rapidly evolving organisms such as <i>Polyommatus</i> Latreille, 1804 blue butterflies are essential for understanding their taxonomy and evolutionary history, and the studies of populations from their type localities are crucially important for resolving problems of nomenclature and species identity. Here we present data on the topotypical population of the blue butterfly species described as Lycaena damone var. cyanea Staudinger, 1899. This taxon was described from Khankendi (Nagorno-Karabakh, Caucasus), and rediscovered at the type locality for the first time since it was collected there in 1869. The specimens were found on dry stony meadows with a predominance of <i>Onobrychis radiata</i> Bieberstein, 1810, on upper border of oak forests. Their haploid chromosome number (n) was established as n = 17. Chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA barcode analyses of the studied samples from type-locality provided an opportunity for the critical taxonomic re-examination of Caucasian species of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822 of the genus <i>Polyommatus</i> Latreille, 1804. The obtained data support the interpretation of the P. (A.) cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899) and P. (A.) carmon (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) as two different, not closely related species complexes as previously hypothesized by Hugo de Lesse. On the contrary, the treatment by Walter Forster who considered these taxa as two groups of conspecific populations was not supported by our data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38309611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.53688
Olesya Buleu, Ilyas Jetybayev, Mohsen Mofidi-Neyestanak, Alexander Bugrov
For the first time, cytogenetic features of grasshoppers from Iran have been studied. In this paper we conducted a comparative cytogenetic analysis of six species from the family Pamphagidae. The species studied belong to subfamilies Thrinchinae Stål, 1876 (Eremopeza bicoloripes (Moritz, 1928), E. saussurei (Uvarov, 1918)) and Pamphaginae (Saxetania paramonovi (Dirsh, 1927), Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912, Tropidauchen sp., and Paranothrotes citimus Mistshenko, 1951). We report information about the chromosome number and morphology, C-banding patterns, and localization of ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeats. Among these species, only S. paramonovi had an ancestral Pamphagidae karyotype (2n=18+X0♂; FN=19♂). The karyotypes of the remaining species differed from the ancestral karyotypes. The karyotypes of E. bicoloripes and E. saussurei, despite having the same chromosome number (2n=18+X0♂) had certain biarmed chromosomes (FN=20♂ and FN=34♂ respectively). The karyotypes of T. escalerai and Tropidauchen sp. consisted of eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one submetacentric neo-X chromosome and one acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂). The karyotype of P. citimus consisted of seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric the neo-X1 and neo-Y and acrocentric the neo-X2 chromosomes (2n=14+neo-X1 neo-X2 neo-Y♂). Comparative analysis of the localization and size of C-positive regions, the position of ribosomal clusters and the telomeric DNA motif in the chromosomes of the species studied, revealed early unknown features of their karyotype evolution. The data obtained has allowed us to hypothesize that the origin and early phase of evolution of the neo-Xneo-Y♂ sex chromosome in the subfamily Pamphaginae, are linked to the Iranian highlands.
{"title":"Karyotypes diversity in some Iranian Pamphagidae grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pamphagidae): new insights on the evolution of the neo-XY sex chromosomes.","authors":"Olesya Buleu, Ilyas Jetybayev, Mohsen Mofidi-Neyestanak, Alexander Bugrov","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.53688","DOIUrl":"10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.53688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the first time, cytogenetic features of grasshoppers from Iran have been studied. In this paper we conducted a comparative cytogenetic analysis of six species from the family Pamphagidae. The species studied belong to subfamilies Thrinchinae Stål, 1876 (<i>Eremopeza bicoloripes</i> (Moritz, 1928), <i>E. saussurei</i> (Uvarov, 1918)) and Pamphaginae (<i>Saxetania paramonovi</i> (Dirsh, 1927), <i>Tropidauchen escalerai</i> Bolívar, 1912, <i>Tropidauchen</i> sp., and <i>Paranothrotes citimus</i> Mistshenko, 1951). We report information about the chromosome number and morphology, C-banding patterns, and localization of ribosomal DNA clusters and telomeric (TTAGG)<sub>n</sub> repeats. Among these species, only <i>S. paramonovi</i> had an ancestral Pamphagidae karyotype (2n=18+X0♂; FN=19♂). The karyotypes of the remaining species differed from the ancestral karyotypes. The karyotypes of <i>E. bicoloripes</i> and <i>E. saussurei</i>, despite having the same chromosome number (2n=18+X0♂) had certain biarmed chromosomes (FN=20♂ and FN=34♂ respectively). The karyotypes of <i>T. escalerai</i> and <i>Tropidauchen</i> sp. consisted of eight pairs of acrocentric autosomes, one submetacentric neo-X chromosome and one acrocentric neo-Y chromosome in males (2n=16+neo-X neo-Y♂). The karyotype of <i>P. citimus</i> consisted of seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric the neo-X<sub>1</sub> and neo-Y and acrocentric the neo-X<sub>2</sub> chromosomes (2n=14+neo-X<sub>1</sub> neo-X<sub>2</sub> neo-Y♂). Comparative analysis of the localization and size of C-positive regions, the position of ribosomal clusters and the telomeric DNA motif in the chromosomes of the species studied, revealed early unknown features of their karyotype evolution. The data obtained has allowed us to hypothesize that the origin and early phase of evolution of the neo-Xneo-Y♂ sex chromosome in the subfamily Pamphaginae, are linked to the Iranian highlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"549-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7674378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38631199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.55358
Atılay Yağmur Okutaner
The karyotypes of four species of Cleridae (Coleoptera): Trichodes favarius (Illiger, 1802), Trichodes quadriguttatus Adams, 1817, Trichodes reichei (Mulsant et Rey, 1863), and Tilloidea transversalis (Charpentier, 1825) were reported for the first time with this study. The chromosome numbers of these four species were determined as 2n = 18, sex chromosome system Xyp, and all chromosomes were metacentric (the except y chromosome). Together with this study, the chromosome data of only 17 species are available in this family. It is remarkable that all of them display the same chromosome number and similar karyotypes. This may make the effect of karyotypical features important in interpreting the evolutionary process of Cleridae.
{"title":"First cytogenetic information on four checkered beetles (Coleoptera, Cleridae).","authors":"Atılay Yağmur Okutaner","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.55358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.55358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The karyotypes of four species of Cleridae (Coleoptera): <i>Trichodes favarius</i> (Illiger, 1802), <i>Trichodes quadriguttatus</i> Adams, 1817, <i>Trichodes reichei</i> (Mulsant et Rey, 1863), and <i>Tilloidea transversalis</i> (Charpentier, 1825) were reported for the first time with this study. The chromosome numbers of these four species were determined as 2n = 18, sex chromosome system Xy<sub>p</sub>, and all chromosomes were metacentric (the except y chromosome). Together with this study, the chromosome data of only 17 species are available in this family. It is remarkable that all of them display the same chromosome number and similar karyotypes. This may make the effect of karyotypical features important in interpreting the evolutionary process of Cleridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"541-547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7609493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38608312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57062
Valentina G Kuznetsova, Natalia V Golub
The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.
{"title":"A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world.","authors":"Valentina G Kuznetsova, Natalia V Golub","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57062","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X<sub>1</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"501-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38589247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.54955
Uliana V Gorobeyko, Irina V Kartavtseva, Irina N Sheremetyeva, Denis V Kazakov, Valentin Yu Guskov
The DNA-barcoding and chromosomal study of the eastern water bat, Myotis petax Hollister, 1912, from the earlier unexplored localities in the Russian Far East are carried out. The COI barcoding obtained for 18 from a total of 19 individuals captured in five localities in the Russian Far East showed the low nucleotide variability with the prevalence of the central, the most abundant haplotype. The chromosomal characteristics of eight M. petax specimens (2n = 44, NFa = 52) in the Russian Far East are clarified. The number and localization of NOR in karyotype of M. petax is described at the first time and differ from distributional patterns of NOR in the sibling species M. daubentonii Kuhl, 1819 that can be used as diagnostic feature. The considerable intraspecific variability in the distribution of heterochromatin material revealed is not typical of the genus Myotis, but it has been found in other species of the family Vespertilionidae.
{"title":"DNA-barcoding and a new data about the karyotype of <i>Myotis petax</i> (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the Russian Far East.","authors":"Uliana V Gorobeyko, Irina V Kartavtseva, Irina N Sheremetyeva, Denis V Kazakov, Valentin Yu Guskov","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.54955","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.54955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The DNA-barcoding and chromosomal study of the eastern water bat, <i>Myotis petax</i> Hollister, 1912, from the earlier unexplored localities in the Russian Far East are carried out. The COI barcoding obtained for 18 from a total of 19 individuals captured in five localities in the Russian Far East showed the low nucleotide variability with the prevalence of the central, the most abundant haplotype. The chromosomal characteristics of eight <i>M. petax</i> specimens (2n = 44, NFa = 52) in the Russian Far East are clarified. The number and localization of NOR in karyotype of <i>M. petax</i> is described at the first time and differ from distributional patterns of NOR in the sibling species <i>M. daubentonii</i> Kuhl, 1819 that can be used as diagnostic feature. The considerable intraspecific variability in the distribution of heterochromatin material revealed is not typical of the genus <i>Myotis</i>, but it has been found in other species of the family Vespertilionidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"483-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7661951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38630769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-09eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.55827
Dina B Loginova, Anastasia A Zhuravleva, Olga G Silkova
The assembly of the microtubule-based spindle structure in plant meiosis remains poorly understood compared with our knowledge of mitotic spindle formation. One of the approaches in our understanding of microtubule dynamics is to study spindle assembly in meiosis of amphyhaploids. Using immunostaining with phH3Ser10, CENH3 and α-tubulin-specific antibodies, we studied the chromosome distribution and spindle organisation in meiosis of F1 2R(2D)xR wheat-rye hybrids (genome structure ABDR, 4× = 28), as well as in wheat and rye mitosis and meiosis. At the prometaphase of mitosis, spindle assembly was asymmetric; one half of the spindle assembled before the other, with simultaneous chromosome alignment in the spindle mid-zone. At diakinesis in wheat and rye, microtubules formed a pro-spindle which was subsequently disassembled followed by a bipolar spindle assembly. In the first meiosis of hybrids 2R(2D)xR, a bipolar spindle was not found and the kinetochore microtubules distributed the chromosomes. Univalent chromosomes are characterised by a monopolar orientation and maintenance of sister chromatid and centromere cohesion. Presence of bivalents did not affect the formation of a bipolar spindle. Since the central spindle was absent, phragmoplast originates from "interpolar" microtubules generated by kinetochores. Cell plate development occurred with a delay. However, meiocytes in meiosis II contained apparently normal bipolar spindles. Thus, we can conclude that: (1) cohesion maintenance in centromeres and between arms of sister chromatids may negatively affect bipolar spindle formation in the first meiosis; (2) 2R/2D rye/wheat chromosome substitution affects the regulation of the random chromosome distribution in the absence of a bipolar spindle.
{"title":"Random chromosome distribution in the first meiosis of F1 disomic substitution line 2R(2D) x rye hybrids (ABDR, 4× = 28) occurs without bipolar spindle assembly.","authors":"Dina B Loginova, Anastasia A Zhuravleva, Olga G Silkova","doi":"10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.55827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.55827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assembly of the microtubule-based spindle structure in plant meiosis remains poorly understood compared with our knowledge of mitotic spindle formation. One of the approaches in our understanding of microtubule dynamics is to study spindle assembly in meiosis of amphyhaploids. Using immunostaining with phH3Ser10, CENH3 and α-tubulin-specific antibodies, we studied the chromosome distribution and spindle organisation in meiosis of F<sub>1</sub> 2R(2D)xR wheat-rye hybrids (genome structure ABDR, 4× = 28), as well as in wheat and rye mitosis and meiosis. At the prometaphase of mitosis, spindle assembly was asymmetric; one half of the spindle assembled before the other, with simultaneous chromosome alignment in the spindle mid-zone. At diakinesis in wheat and rye, microtubules formed a pro-spindle which was subsequently disassembled followed by a bipolar spindle assembly. In the first meiosis of hybrids 2R(2D)xR, a bipolar spindle was not found and the kinetochore microtubules distributed the chromosomes. Univalent chromosomes are characterised by a monopolar orientation and maintenance of sister chromatid and centromere cohesion. Presence of bivalents did not affect the formation of a bipolar spindle. Since the central spindle was absent, phragmoplast originates from \"interpolar\" microtubules generated by kinetochores. Cell plate development occurred with a delay. However, meiocytes in meiosis II contained apparently normal bipolar spindles. Thus, we can conclude that: (1) cohesion maintenance in centromeres and between arms of sister chromatids may negatively affect bipolar spindle formation in the first meiosis; (2) 2R/2D rye/wheat chromosome substitution affects the regulation of the random chromosome distribution in the absence of a bipolar spindle.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 4","pages":"453-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7567738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38539627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.56535
Vladimir E Gokhman
An overview of the current knowledge of chromosome sets of the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Karyotypes of approximately 240 members of this group, i.e. just above one percent of described species, are studied up to now. Techniques for obtaining and analyzing preparations of chalcid chromosomes are outlined, including the so-called "traditional" and "modern" methods of differential staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the Chalcidoidea, the haploid chromosome number can vary from n = 3 to n = 11, with a clear mode at n = 6 and a second local maximum at n = 10. In this group, most chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric, but acrocentrics and/or subtelocentrics also can predominate, especially within karyotypes of certain Chalcidoidea with higher chromosome numbers. The following main types of chromosomal mutations are characteristic of chalcid karyotypes: inversions, fusions, translocations, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosome variation. Although karyotype evolution of this superfamily was mainly studied using phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and/or molecular characters, chromosomal synapomorphies of certain groups were also revealed. Taxonomic implications of karyotypic features of the Chalcidoidea are apparently the most important at the species level, especially among cryptic taxa.
本文概述了寄生虫超家族 Chalcidoidea 的染色体组的现有知识。迄今为止,已研究了该类约 240 个成员的核型,即略高于 1%的已描述物种。概述了获取和分析 Chalcido 染色体制备物的技术,包括所谓的 "传统 "和 "现代 "差异染色法以及荧光原位杂交(FISH)法。在蝶形目中,单倍体染色体数目从 n = 3 到 n = 11 不等,n = 6 是一个明显的模式,n = 10 是第二个局部最大值。在这一群体中,大多数染色体都是偏心或亚偏心的,但尖心型和/或亚尖心型也可能占主导地位,尤其是在某些染色体数目较多的壳斗目核型中。Chalcid 类核型的染色体突变主要有以下几种:倒位、融合、易位、多倍体、非整倍体和 B 染色体变异。虽然该超科的核型进化主要是通过基于形态和/或分子特征的系统进化重建来研究的,但也揭示了某些类群的染色体同形异构现象。Chalcidoidea 的核型特征对分类学的影响显然在物种水平上最为重要,尤其是在隐生类群中。
{"title":"Chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): An overview.","authors":"Vladimir E Gokhman","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.56535","DOIUrl":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i3.56535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An overview of the current knowledge of chromosome sets of the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Karyotypes of approximately 240 members of this group, i.e. just above one percent of described species, are studied up to now. Techniques for obtaining and analyzing preparations of chalcid chromosomes are outlined, including the so-called \"traditional\" and \"modern\" methods of differential staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the Chalcidoidea, the haploid chromosome number can vary from n = 3 to n = 11, with a clear mode at n = 6 and a second local maximum at n = 10. In this group, most chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric, but acrocentrics and/or subtelocentrics also can predominate, especially within karyotypes of certain Chalcidoidea with higher chromosome numbers. The following main types of chromosomal mutations are characteristic of chalcid karyotypes: inversions, fusions, translocations, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosome variation. Although karyotype evolution of this superfamily was mainly studied using phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and/or molecular characters, chromosomal synapomorphies of certain groups were also revealed. Taxonomic implications of karyotypic features of the Chalcidoidea are apparently the most important at the species level, especially among cryptic taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 3","pages":"399-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9849058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10746540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51895
Magdalena Achrem, Izabela Szućko, Anna Kalinka
The centromere is a chromosomal region where the kinetochore is formed, which is the attachment point of spindle fibers. Thus, it is responsible for the correct chromosome segregation during cell division. Telomeres protect chromosome ends against enzymatic degradation and fusions, and localize chromosomes in the cell nucleus. For this reason, centromeres and telomeres are parts of each linear chromosome that are necessary for their proper functioning. More and more research results show that the identity and functions of these chromosomal regions are epigenetically determined. Telomeres and centromeres are both usually described as highly condensed heterochromatin regions. However, the epigenetic nature of centromeres and telomeres is unique, as epigenetic modifications characteristic of both eu- and heterochromatin have been found in these areas. This specificity allows for the proper functioning of both regions, thereby affecting chromosome homeostasis. This review focuses on demonstrating the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the functioning of centromeres and telomeres in plants and animals.
{"title":"The epigenetic regulation of centromeres and telomeres in plants and animals.","authors":"Magdalena Achrem, Izabela Szućko, Anna Kalinka","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The centromere is a chromosomal region where the kinetochore is formed, which is the attachment point of spindle fibers. Thus, it is responsible for the correct chromosome segregation during cell division. Telomeres protect chromosome ends against enzymatic degradation and fusions, and localize chromosomes in the cell nucleus. For this reason, centromeres and telomeres are parts of each linear chromosome that are necessary for their proper functioning. More and more research results show that the identity and functions of these chromosomal regions are epigenetically determined. Telomeres and centromeres are both usually described as highly condensed heterochromatin regions. However, the epigenetic nature of centromeres and telomeres is unique, as epigenetic modifications characteristic of both eu- and heterochromatin have been found in these areas. This specificity allows for the proper functioning of both regions, thereby affecting chromosome homeostasis. This review focuses on demonstrating the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the functioning of centromeres and telomeres in plants and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 2","pages":"265-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38220043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-26eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51154
Chao-Wen She, Ying Mao, Xiang-Hui Jiang, Chun-Ping He
To extend our knowledge on karyotype variation of the genus Vigna Savi, 1824, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and fluorochrome banding patterns of five wild Vigna species were studied. Sequential combined PI (propidium iodide) and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (CPD) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA probes were used to analyze the karyotypes of V. luteola (Jacquin, 1771) Bentham, 1959, V. vexillata (Linnaeus, 1753) A. Richard, 1845, V. minima (Roxburgh, 1832) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, 1969, V. trilobata (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt, 1968, and V. caracalla (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt,1970. For further phylogenetic analysis, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with the genomic DNA of V. umbellata (Thunberg, 1794) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, 1969 onto the chromosomes of five wild Vigna species was also performed. Detailed karyotypes were established for the first time using chromosome measurements, fluorochrome bands, and rDNA-FISH signals. All species had chromosome number 2n = 2x = 22, and symmetrical karyotypes that composed of only metacentric or metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. CPD staining revealed all 45S rDNA sites in the five species analyzed, (peri)centromeric GC-rich heterochromatin in V. luteola, V. trilobata and V. caracalla, interstitial GC-rich and pericentromeric AT-rich heterochromatin in V. caracalla. rDNA-FISH revealed two 5S loci in V. caracalla and one 5S locus in the other four species; one 45S locus in V. luteola and V. caracalla, two 45S loci in V. vexillata and V. trilobata, and five 45S loci in V. minima. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the karyotypic parameters, and the patterns of the fluorochrome bands and the rDNA sites, which revealed high interspecific variation among the five species. The V. umbellata genomic DNA probe produced weak signals in all proximal regions of V. luteola and all (peri)centromeric regions of V. trilobata. The combined data demonstrate that distinct genome differentiation has occurred among the five species during evolution. The phylogenetic relationships between the five wild species and related cultivated species of Vigna are discussed based on our present and previous molecular cytogenetic data.
为了进一步了解野葡萄属(Vigna Savi, 1824)的核型变异,对5个野葡萄种的rRNA基因的染色体组织和荧光带型进行了研究。采用序列联合PI(碘化丙啶)和DAPI(4′,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚)(CPD)染色和荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,结合5S和45S rDNA探针,分析了V. luteola (Jacquin, 1771) Bentham, 1959, V. vexillata (Linnaeus, 1753) A. Richard, 1845, V. minima (Roxburgh, 1832) Ohwi和H. Ohashi, 1969, V. trilobata (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt, 1968和V. caracalla (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt的核型。为了进一步的系统发育分析,还将V. umbellata (Thunberg, 1794) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, 1969的基因组DNA与5个野生Vigna种的染色体进行了基因组原位杂交(GISH)。利用染色体测量、荧光染色带和rDNA-FISH信号首次建立了详细的核型。所有物种的染色体数目均为2n = 2x = 22,且核型均为对称型,染色体仅为匀心型或匀心型和亚匀心型。CPD染色显示了所分析的5个物种的所有45S rDNA位点,叶黄、三叶和卡拉卡拉的(周围)着丝粒型富gc异染色质,卡拉卡拉的间质型富gc异染色质和间质型富at异染色质。rDNA-FISH检测结果显示,柠条中有2个5S位点,其他4种中有1个5S位点;5个45S位点在小叶蝉和大叶蝉中,2个45S位点在刺叶蝉和三叶蝉中,5个45S位点在小叶蝉中。通过核型参数、荧光带和rDNA位点的模式可以清楚地区分所研究物种的核型,表明5种物种之间存在较大的种间差异。伞形弧菌基因组DNA探针在叶黄弧菌的所有近端区域和三叶弧菌的所有(周围)着丝点区域产生弱信号。综合数据表明,在进化过程中,这五个物种之间发生了明显的基因组分化。根据我们现有和以往的分子细胞遗传学资料,讨论了五种野生种和近缘栽培种之间的系统发育关系。
{"title":"Comparative molecular cytogenetic characterization of five wild <i>Vigna</i> species (Fabaceae).","authors":"Chao-Wen She, Ying Mao, Xiang-Hui Jiang, Chun-Ping He","doi":"10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.51154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To extend our knowledge on karyotype variation of the genus <i>Vigna</i> Savi, 1824, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and fluorochrome banding patterns of five wild <i>Vigna</i> species were studied. Sequential combined PI (propidium iodide) and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (CPD) staining and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA probes were used to analyze the karyotypes of <i>V. luteola</i> (Jacquin, 1771) Bentham, 1959, <i>V. vexillata</i> (Linnaeus, 1753) A. Richard, 1845, <i>V. minima</i> (Roxburgh, 1832) Ohwi & H. Ohashi, 1969, <i>V. trilobata</i> (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt, 1968, and <i>V. caracalla</i> (Linnaeus, 1753) Verdcourt,1970. For further phylogenetic analysis, genomic <i>in situ</i> hybridization (GISH) with the genomic DNA of <i>V. umbellata</i> (Thunberg, 1794) Ohwi & H.Ohashi, 1969 onto the chromosomes of five wild <i>Vigna</i> species was also performed. Detailed karyotypes were established for the first time using chromosome measurements, fluorochrome bands, and rDNA-FISH signals. All species had chromosome number 2n = 2x = 22, and symmetrical karyotypes that composed of only metacentric or metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. CPD staining revealed all 45S rDNA sites in the five species analyzed, (peri)centromeric GC-rich heterochromatin in <i>V. luteola</i>, <i>V. trilobata</i> and <i>V. caracalla</i>, interstitial GC-rich and pericentromeric AT-rich heterochromatin in <i>V. caracalla</i>. rDNA-FISH revealed two 5S loci in <i>V. caracalla</i> and one 5S locus in the other four species; one 45S locus in <i>V. luteola</i> and <i>V. caracalla</i>, two 45S loci in <i>V. vexillata</i> and <i>V. trilobata</i>, and five 45S loci in <i>V. minima</i>. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the karyotypic parameters, and the patterns of the fluorochrome bands and the rDNA sites, which revealed high interspecific variation among the five species. The <i>V. umbellata</i> genomic DNA probe produced weak signals in all proximal regions of <i>V. luteola</i> and all (peri)centromeric regions of <i>V. trilobata</i>. The combined data demonstrate that distinct genome differentiation has occurred among the five species during evolution. The phylogenetic relationships between the five wild species and related cultivated species of <i>Vigna</i> are discussed based on our present and previous molecular cytogenetic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50656,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cytogenetics","volume":"14 2","pages":"243-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38168712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}