Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381007
Irene Norheim, Reidar Pedersen, Maria Lie Selle, Jan Ivar Røssberg, Lars Hestmark, Kristin Sverdvik Heiervang, Torleif Ruud, Vilde Maria Åsholt, Kristiane Myckland Hansson, Paul Møller, Roar Fosse, Maria Romøren
Family interventions (FI) are recommended as part of the treatment for psychotic disorders, but the implementation in mental health services is generally poor. Recently, The Implementation of guidelines on Family Involvement for persons with Psychotic disorders (IFIP) trial, demonstrated significant improvements in implementation outcomes at cluster-level. This sub-study aims to examine the effectiveness of the IFIP intervention on relatives’ outcomes and received FI.A cluster randomized controlled trial, was conducted in 15 Norwegian Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) units that were randomized to either the IFIP intervention, including implementation interventions and clinical interventions, or treatment as usual (TAU). The clinical interventions consisted of FI: basic family involvement and support (BFIS) to all patients and family psychoeducation (FPE) to as many as possible. Patients with psychotic disorders and their closest relative were invited to fill in questionnaires at inclusion and 6 months and 12 months follow-up. Received FI was reported by both relatives and clinicians. The relatives’ primary outcome was satisfaction with health service support, measured by the Carer well-being and support questionnaire part B (CWS-B). The relatives’ secondary outcomes were caregiver experiences, expressed emotions and quality of life. Patients’ outcomes will be reported elsewhere.In total 231 patient/relative pairs from the CMHC units were included (135 intervention; 96 control).The relatives in the intervention arm received an increased level of BFIS (p=.007) and FPE (p < 0.05) compared to the relatives in the control arm, including involvement in crisis planning. The primary outcome for relatives’ satisfaction with health service support, showed a non-significant improvement (Cohen’s d = 0.22, p = 0.08). Relatives experienced a significant reduced level of patient dependency (Cohen’s d = -0.23, p = 0.03).The increased support from clinicians throughout FI reduced the relatives’ perceived level of patient dependency, and may have relieved the experience of responsibility and caregiver burden. The COVID-19 pandemic and the complex and pioneering study design have weakened the effectiveness of the IFIP intervention, underscoring possible potentials for further improvement in relatives’ outcomes.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03869177.
家庭干预（FI）被推荐为精神障碍治疗的一部分，但在精神健康服务中的实施情况普遍不佳。最近，"精神病患者家庭参与指南实施"（IFIP）试验表明，在组群层面的实施结果有了显著改善。这项分组随机对照试验在挪威的15个社区心理健康中心（CMHC）单位进行，这些单位被随机分配接受IFIP干预（包括实施干预和临床干预）或常规治疗（TAU）。临床干预包括FI：为所有患者提供基本的家庭参与和支持（BFIS），为尽可能多的患者提供家庭心理教育（FPE）。研究人员邀请精神病患者及其近亲在入组、6 个月和 12 个月随访时填写调查问卷。亲属和临床医生均报告了接受 FI 的情况。亲属的主要结果是对医疗服务支持的满意度，由 "照顾者福祉和支持问卷 B 部分"（CWS-B）来衡量。亲属的次要结果是照顾者的经历、表达的情感和生活质量。与对照组的亲属相比，干预组的亲属获得的BFIS（P=.007）和FPE（P<0.05）水平有所提高，包括参与危机规划。主要结果显示，亲属对医疗服务支持的满意度没有显著提高（Cohen's d = 0.22，p = 0.08）。亲属对患者的依赖程度明显降低（Cohen's d = -0.23，p = 0.03）。在整个 FI 中，临床医生提供的更多支持降低了亲属对患者的依赖程度，并减轻了他们的责任感和护理负担。COVID-19大流行以及复杂和开创性的研究设计削弱了IFIP干预的有效性，强调了进一步改善亲属预后的可能性。ClinicalTrials.gov，标识符NCT03869177。
{"title":"Implementation of guidelines on Family Involvement for persons with Psychotic disorders: a pragmatic cluster randomized trial. Effect on relatives’ outcomes and family interventions received","authors":"Irene Norheim, Reidar Pedersen, Maria Lie Selle, Jan Ivar Røssberg, Lars Hestmark, Kristin Sverdvik Heiervang, Torleif Ruud, Vilde Maria Åsholt, Kristiane Myckland Hansson, Paul Møller, Roar Fosse, Maria Romøren","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381007","url":null,"abstract":"Family interventions (FI) are recommended as part of the treatment for psychotic disorders, but the implementation in mental health services is generally poor. Recently, The Implementation of guidelines on Family Involvement for persons with Psychotic disorders (IFIP) trial, demonstrated significant improvements in implementation outcomes at cluster-level. This sub-study aims to examine the effectiveness of the IFIP intervention on relatives’ outcomes and received FI.A cluster randomized controlled trial, was conducted in 15 Norwegian Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) units that were randomized to either the IFIP intervention, including implementation interventions and clinical interventions, or treatment as usual (TAU). The clinical interventions consisted of FI: basic family involvement and support (BFIS) to all patients and family psychoeducation (FPE) to as many as possible. Patients with psychotic disorders and their closest relative were invited to fill in questionnaires at inclusion and 6 months and 12 months follow-up. Received FI was reported by both relatives and clinicians. The relatives’ primary outcome was satisfaction with health service support, measured by the Carer well-being and support questionnaire part B (CWS-B). The relatives’ secondary outcomes were caregiver experiences, expressed emotions and quality of life. Patients’ outcomes will be reported elsewhere.In total 231 patient/relative pairs from the CMHC units were included (135 intervention; 96 control).The relatives in the intervention arm received an increased level of BFIS (p=.007) and FPE (p < 0.05) compared to the relatives in the control arm, including involvement in crisis planning. The primary outcome for relatives’ satisfaction with health service support, showed a non-significant improvement (Cohen’s d = 0.22, p = 0.08). Relatives experienced a significant reduced level of patient dependency (Cohen’s d = -0.23, p = 0.03).The increased support from clinicians throughout FI reduced the relatives’ perceived level of patient dependency, and may have relieved the experience of responsibility and caregiver burden. The COVID-19 pandemic and the complex and pioneering study design have weakened the effectiveness of the IFIP intervention, underscoring possible potentials for further improvement in relatives’ outcomes.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03869177.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1288028
Simon Knobloch, Delia Leiding, L. Wagels, C. Regenbogen, T. Kellermann, Klaus Mathiak, Frank Schneider, B. Derntl, Ute Habel
Deficits in emotion recognition and processing are characteristic for patients with schizophrenia [SCZ].We targeted both emotion recognition and affective sharing, one in static and one in dynamic facial stimuli, during functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] in 22 SCZ patients and 22 matched healthy controls [HC]. Current symptomatology and cognitive deficits were assessed as potential influencing factors.Behaviorally, patients only showed a prolonged response time in age-discrimination trials. For emotion-processing trials, patients showed a difference in neural response, without an observable behavioral correlate. During emotion and age recognition in static stimuli, a reduced activation of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] and the right anterior insula [AI] emerged. In the affective sharing task, patients showed a reduced activation in the left and right caudate nucleus, right AI and inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], right cerebellum, and left thalamus, key areas of empathy.We conclude that patients have deficits in complex visual information processing regardless of emotional content on a behavioral level and that these deficits coincide with aberrant neural activation patterns in emotion processing networks. The right AI as an integrator of these networks plays a key role in these aberrant neural activation patterns and, thus, is a promising candidate area for neurofeedback approaches.
{"title":"Empathy in schizophrenia: neural alterations during emotion recognition and affective sharing","authors":"Simon Knobloch, Delia Leiding, L. Wagels, C. Regenbogen, T. Kellermann, Klaus Mathiak, Frank Schneider, B. Derntl, Ute Habel","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1288028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1288028","url":null,"abstract":"Deficits in emotion recognition and processing are characteristic for patients with schizophrenia [SCZ].We targeted both emotion recognition and affective sharing, one in static and one in dynamic facial stimuli, during functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] in 22 SCZ patients and 22 matched healthy controls [HC]. Current symptomatology and cognitive deficits were assessed as potential influencing factors.Behaviorally, patients only showed a prolonged response time in age-discrimination trials. For emotion-processing trials, patients showed a difference in neural response, without an observable behavioral correlate. During emotion and age recognition in static stimuli, a reduced activation of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] and the right anterior insula [AI] emerged. In the affective sharing task, patients showed a reduced activation in the left and right caudate nucleus, right AI and inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], right cerebellum, and left thalamus, key areas of empathy.We conclude that patients have deficits in complex visual information processing regardless of emotional content on a behavioral level and that these deficits coincide with aberrant neural activation patterns in emotion processing networks. The right AI as an integrator of these networks plays a key role in these aberrant neural activation patterns and, thus, is a promising candidate area for neurofeedback approaches.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359510
Wenqi Geng, Yinan Jiang, Jing Wei
Dissociative neurological symptoms disorder (DNSD), or conversion disorder, frequently manifests with unexplained neurological symptoms, necessitating referral to psychiatry following preliminary diagnosis in neurology. We present a case of an adolescent female patient with gait disturbance as the predominant clinical presentation, and delve into the diagnosis and interdisciplinary intervention process. Given neuroimaging deviations detected and familial similar presentations, the organic etiology was confirmed. However, the aberrant gait remained unexplained ultimately prompting psychiatric consultation resulting in the diagnosis of DNSD. Interventions consisting of health education, suggestive therapy, and physiotherapy notably improved gait disturbance. However, at follow-up, the patient presented with a depressive episode. It was deduced that undiagnosed psychosocial factors, notably familial dynamics, likely contributed to this decline. Eventually, transformed relation patterns among family members as well as antidepressant treatment were instrumental in attaining symptom remission.
{"title":"Case report: Dissociative neurological symptom disorder with gait disturbance: taking after the father?","authors":"Wenqi Geng, Yinan Jiang, Jing Wei","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359510","url":null,"abstract":"Dissociative neurological symptoms disorder (DNSD), or conversion disorder, frequently manifests with unexplained neurological symptoms, necessitating referral to psychiatry following preliminary diagnosis in neurology. We present a case of an adolescent female patient with gait disturbance as the predominant clinical presentation, and delve into the diagnosis and interdisciplinary intervention process. Given neuroimaging deviations detected and familial similar presentations, the organic etiology was confirmed. However, the aberrant gait remained unexplained ultimately prompting psychiatric consultation resulting in the diagnosis of DNSD. Interventions consisting of health education, suggestive therapy, and physiotherapy notably improved gait disturbance. However, at follow-up, the patient presented with a depressive episode. It was deduced that undiagnosed psychosocial factors, notably familial dynamics, likely contributed to this decline. Eventually, transformed relation patterns among family members as well as antidepressant treatment were instrumental in attaining symptom remission.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381133
C. Montemagni, Anna Carluccio, C. Brasso, Flavio Vischia, Paola Rocca
The aim of the current study was 3-fold: 1) to examine the factorial structure of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) in help-seeking individuals undergoing an assessment on suspicion of psychosis risk; 2) to investigate the association of CAARMS factors with functioning; 3) and to test the association of any derived factors with the longitudinal outcome of transition to psychosis.The study included 101 patients. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using the Varimax rotation method. A minimum initial eigenvalues of greater than or equal to 1.0, analysis of Scree plots, percentage of variance explained by each component, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of factors above 0.7 and Parallel Analysis were the criteria used to determine the appropriate number of factors Second, Spearman correlations were run to analyze the relationship between CAARMS factors and sociodemographic and functional variables (i.e. age, schooling, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale-SOFAS- and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales-HoNOS- scores). Third, we performed a Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between baseline CAARMS factors and the risk of transition to psychosis at the 6-month follow-up.A total of 101 consecutive patiens were recruited. We found that: 1) a 6 factor model solution as the most appropriate, jointly accounting for 65% of the variance; 2) factors 1 (“negative-interpersonal”), 2 (“cognitive-disorganization”), 3 (“positive”), and 4 (“motor-physical changes”) were negatively correlated with SOFAS total score; factors 1, 2, and 3 showed positive correlations with HoNOS total score; factors 2 and 3 present similar patterns of correlations, factor 3 manifesting the strongest association with HoNOS symptoms, HONOS and SOFAS total score. Both factors 5 and 6 show significant associations with HoNOS behavioral impairment; 3) after 6 months 28 participants (30.1%) converted to psychosis. Factors 2 and 3 were positively associated with the risk of transition to psychosis; whereas, the factor 5 (“affective factor”) was negatively associated with the outcome variable.It is thus crucial to recognize the type and severity of psychopathology in help-seeking individuals in order to intensive clinical monitoring of subclinical psychopathology risk profiles, and design specific care pathways.
{"title":"Factorial structure of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States in help-seeking individuals: mapping the structure and the prediction of subsequent transition to psychosis","authors":"C. Montemagni, Anna Carluccio, C. Brasso, Flavio Vischia, Paola Rocca","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381133","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was 3-fold: 1) to examine the factorial structure of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) in help-seeking individuals undergoing an assessment on suspicion of psychosis risk; 2) to investigate the association of CAARMS factors with functioning; 3) and to test the association of any derived factors with the longitudinal outcome of transition to psychosis.The study included 101 patients. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using the Varimax rotation method. A minimum initial eigenvalues of greater than or equal to 1.0, analysis of Scree plots, percentage of variance explained by each component, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of factors above 0.7 and Parallel Analysis were the criteria used to determine the appropriate number of factors Second, Spearman correlations were run to analyze the relationship between CAARMS factors and sociodemographic and functional variables (i.e. age, schooling, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale-SOFAS- and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales-HoNOS- scores). Third, we performed a Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between baseline CAARMS factors and the risk of transition to psychosis at the 6-month follow-up.A total of 101 consecutive patiens were recruited. We found that: 1) a 6 factor model solution as the most appropriate, jointly accounting for 65% of the variance; 2) factors 1 (“negative-interpersonal”), 2 (“cognitive-disorganization”), 3 (“positive”), and 4 (“motor-physical changes”) were negatively correlated with SOFAS total score; factors 1, 2, and 3 showed positive correlations with HoNOS total score; factors 2 and 3 present similar patterns of correlations, factor 3 manifesting the strongest association with HoNOS symptoms, HONOS and SOFAS total score. Both factors 5 and 6 show significant associations with HoNOS behavioral impairment; 3) after 6 months 28 participants (30.1%) converted to psychosis. Factors 2 and 3 were positively associated with the risk of transition to psychosis; whereas, the factor 5 (“affective factor”) was negatively associated with the outcome variable.It is thus crucial to recognize the type and severity of psychopathology in help-seeking individuals in order to intensive clinical monitoring of subclinical psychopathology risk profiles, and design specific care pathways.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385185
Indigo E. Gray, Peter G. Enticott, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. Kirkovski
Impairments in empathy are well established in anorexia nervosa (AN). It is unclear, however, whether these deficits only occur in the acute phases of AN due to neurocognitive impacts of starvation (often referred to as context-dependent, or state-like), or if deficits remain once remission has been achieved (trait-like). This debate is commonly referred to as the ‘state vs trait’ debate.This systematic review aims to summarise existing literature regarding empathy in AN, and to investigate whether empathy deficits in AN are state- or trait-based.A total of 1014 articles were identified, and seven articles remained after the screening process. These seven articles, comparing empathy across three groups (acute AN, remission of AN, and non-clinical controls), were evaluated and summarised in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Articles were required to have included all three groups and report on either cognitive empathy and/or emotional empathy.The majority of studies were of satisfactory quality. The results identified were inconsistent, with few articles lending some support to the ‘state’ hypothesis and others producing nonsignificant results.There is minimal literature comparing empathy in acute and remission phases of AN. While there were some inconsistencies in included articles, some data indicate that there may be slight improvements to emotional and cognitive empathy following recovery of AN. Further research is needed to better enrich knowledge regarding the role of state vs trait with regard to neurocognitive difficulties experienced by individuals with AN.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=335669, identifier CRD42022335669.
{"title":"Cognitive and emotional empathy in acute and remitted anorexia nervosa: a systematic review","authors":"Indigo E. Gray, Peter G. Enticott, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. Kirkovski","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385185","url":null,"abstract":"Impairments in empathy are well established in anorexia nervosa (AN). It is unclear, however, whether these deficits only occur in the acute phases of AN due to neurocognitive impacts of starvation (often referred to as context-dependent, or state-like), or if deficits remain once remission has been achieved (trait-like). This debate is commonly referred to as the ‘state vs trait’ debate.This systematic review aims to summarise existing literature regarding empathy in AN, and to investigate whether empathy deficits in AN are state- or trait-based.A total of 1014 articles were identified, and seven articles remained after the screening process. These seven articles, comparing empathy across three groups (acute AN, remission of AN, and non-clinical controls), were evaluated and summarised in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Articles were required to have included all three groups and report on either cognitive empathy and/or emotional empathy.The majority of studies were of satisfactory quality. The results identified were inconsistent, with few articles lending some support to the ‘state’ hypothesis and others producing nonsignificant results.There is minimal literature comparing empathy in acute and remission phases of AN. While there were some inconsistencies in included articles, some data indicate that there may be slight improvements to emotional and cognitive empathy following recovery of AN. Further research is needed to better enrich knowledge regarding the role of state vs trait with regard to neurocognitive difficulties experienced by individuals with AN.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=335669, identifier CRD42022335669.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391463
Lucas Muñoz-López, Borja Fernández-García-Valdecasas, Slava López-Rodríguez, María Blanca Sánchez-Barrera
Writing involves the activation of different processing modes than reading comprehension, and therefore the level of activation varies depending on the moment and the task.to analyze the profiles in terms of the proposed coding from the PROESC in terms of personality disorders [Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) with drugs possession and consumption crimes (DPCC) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)] with gender violence crimes (GVC) in the prisoners.The sample was composed of 194 men. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (ASPD; DPCC) consisted of 81 men, and Group 2 (OCPD; GVC) consisted of 113 men.They completed the Demographic, Offense, and Behavioral Interview in Institutions, the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE), and Writing Processes Evaluation Battery (PROESC).Group 2 made more mistake than Group 1 in narratives tasks.Participants know phoneme-grapheme correspondence rules, language disturbances of a reiterative and persistent nature may appear in those who show compulsive behavior.
{"title":"Analysis of writing in personality disorders in prison population","authors":"Lucas Muñoz-López, Borja Fernández-García-Valdecasas, Slava López-Rodríguez, María Blanca Sánchez-Barrera","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391463","url":null,"abstract":"Writing involves the activation of different processing modes than reading comprehension, and therefore the level of activation varies depending on the moment and the task.to analyze the profiles in terms of the proposed coding from the PROESC in terms of personality disorders [Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) with drugs possession and consumption crimes (DPCC) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)] with gender violence crimes (GVC) in the prisoners.The sample was composed of 194 men. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (ASPD; DPCC) consisted of 81 men, and Group 2 (OCPD; GVC) consisted of 113 men.They completed the Demographic, Offense, and Behavioral Interview in Institutions, the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE), and Writing Processes Evaluation Battery (PROESC).Group 2 made more mistake than Group 1 in narratives tasks.Participants know phoneme-grapheme correspondence rules, language disturbances of a reiterative and persistent nature may appear in those who show compulsive behavior.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1392158
Masahiro Hata, Yuki Miyazaki, Kohji Mori, K. Yoshiyama, S. Akamine, Hideki Kanemoto, S. Gotoh, Hisaki Omori, Atsuya Hirashima, Y. Satake, Takashi Suehiro, Shun Takahashi, Manabu Ikeda
The current biomarker-supported diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hindered by invasiveness and cost issues. This study aimed to address these challenges by utilizing portable electroencephalography (EEG). We propose a novel, non-invasive, and cost-effective method for identifying AD, using a sample of patients with biomarker-verified AD, to facilitate early and accessible disease screening.This study included 35 patients with biomarker-verified AD, confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid sampling, and 35 age- and sex-balanced healthy volunteers (HVs). All participants underwent portable EEG recordings, focusing on 2-minute resting-state EEG epochs with closed eyes state. EEG recordings were transformed into scalogram images, which were analyzed using “vision Transformer(ViT),” a cutting-edge deep learning model, to differentiate patients from HVs.The application of ViT to the scalogram images derived from portable EEG data demonstrated a significant capability to distinguish between patients with biomarker-verified AD and HVs. The method achieved an accuracy of 73%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80, indicating robust performance in identifying AD pathology using neurophysiological measures.Our findings highlight the potential of portable EEG combined with advanced deep learning techniques as a transformative tool for screening of biomarker-verified AD. This study not only contributes to the neurophysiological understanding of AD but also opens new avenues for the development of accessible and non-invasive diagnostic methods. The proposed approach paves the way for future clinical applications, offering a promising solution to the limitations of advanced diagnostic practices for dementia.
目前，由生物标志物支持的阿尔茨海默病（AD）诊断因侵入性和成本问题而受到阻碍。本研究旨在利用便携式脑电图（EEG）来应对这些挑战。我们提出了一种新颖、无创且经济有效的方法，利用生物标记物证实的 AD 患者样本来识别 AD，以促进早期和方便的疾病筛查。这项研究包括 35 名经脑脊液采样证实的生物标记物 AD 患者，以及 35 名年龄和性别平衡的健康志愿者（HVs）。所有参与者都接受了便携式脑电图记录，重点是闭眼状态下 2 分钟的静息态脑电图。脑电图记录被转换为脑电图图像，并使用尖端深度学习模型 "视觉转换器（ViT）"对其进行分析，以区分患者和健康志愿者。我们的研究结果凸显了便携式脑电图与先进的深度学习技术相结合作为生物标志物验证型 AD 筛查变革性工具的潜力。这项研究不仅有助于从神经生理学角度理解注意力缺失症，还为开发无创诊断方法开辟了新途径。所提出的方法为未来的临床应用铺平了道路，为解决痴呆症先进诊断方法的局限性提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案。
{"title":"Utilizing portable electroencephalography to screen for pathology of Alzheimer’s disease: a methodological advancement in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Masahiro Hata, Yuki Miyazaki, Kohji Mori, K. Yoshiyama, S. Akamine, Hideki Kanemoto, S. Gotoh, Hisaki Omori, Atsuya Hirashima, Y. Satake, Takashi Suehiro, Shun Takahashi, Manabu Ikeda","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1392158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1392158","url":null,"abstract":"The current biomarker-supported diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hindered by invasiveness and cost issues. This study aimed to address these challenges by utilizing portable electroencephalography (EEG). We propose a novel, non-invasive, and cost-effective method for identifying AD, using a sample of patients with biomarker-verified AD, to facilitate early and accessible disease screening.This study included 35 patients with biomarker-verified AD, confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid sampling, and 35 age- and sex-balanced healthy volunteers (HVs). All participants underwent portable EEG recordings, focusing on 2-minute resting-state EEG epochs with closed eyes state. EEG recordings were transformed into scalogram images, which were analyzed using “vision Transformer(ViT),” a cutting-edge deep learning model, to differentiate patients from HVs.The application of ViT to the scalogram images derived from portable EEG data demonstrated a significant capability to distinguish between patients with biomarker-verified AD and HVs. The method achieved an accuracy of 73%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80, indicating robust performance in identifying AD pathology using neurophysiological measures.Our findings highlight the potential of portable EEG combined with advanced deep learning techniques as a transformative tool for screening of biomarker-verified AD. This study not only contributes to the neurophysiological understanding of AD but also opens new avenues for the development of accessible and non-invasive diagnostic methods. The proposed approach paves the way for future clinical applications, offering a promising solution to the limitations of advanced diagnostic practices for dementia.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1291299
Sandra Constanza Cañón Buitrago, J. M. Pérez Agudelo, Mariela Narváez Marín, Olga Lucia Montoya Hurtado, Gloria Isabel Bermúdez Jaimes
The risk of suicide and completed suicides among young university students presents critical challenges to mental and public health in Colombia and worldwide. Employing a quantifiable approach to comprehend the factors associated with these challenges can aid in visualizing the path towards anticipating and controlling this phenomenon.Develop a predictive model for suicidal behavior in university students, utilizing predictive analytics.We conducted an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical research study at the University of Manizales, with a focus on predictive applicability. Data from 2,436 undergraduate students were obtained from the research initiative “Building the Future: World Mental Health Surveys International College Students.”The top ten predictor variables that generated the highest scores (ranking coefficients) for the sum of factors were as follows: history of sexual abuse (13.21), family history of suicide (11.68), medication (8.39), type of student (7.4), origin other than Manizales (5.86), exposure to cannabis (4.27), exposure to alcohol (4.42), history of physical abuse (3.53), religiosity (2.9), and having someone in the family who makes you feel important (3.09).Suicide involves complex factors within psychiatric, medical, and societal contexts. Integrated detection and intervention systems involving individuals, families, and governments are crucial for addressing these factors. Universities also play a role in promoting coping strategies and raising awareness of risks. The predictive accuracy of over 80% in identifying suicide risk underscores its significance.The risk factors related to suicidal behavior align with the findings in specialized literature and research in the field. Identifying variables with higher predictive value enables us to take appropriate actions for detecting cases and designing and implementing prevention strategies.
{"title":"Predictive model of suicide risk in Colombian university students: quantitative analysis of associated factors","authors":"Sandra Constanza Cañón Buitrago, J. M. Pérez Agudelo, Mariela Narváez Marín, Olga Lucia Montoya Hurtado, Gloria Isabel Bermúdez Jaimes","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1291299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1291299","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of suicide and completed suicides among young university students presents critical challenges to mental and public health in Colombia and worldwide. Employing a quantifiable approach to comprehend the factors associated with these challenges can aid in visualizing the path towards anticipating and controlling this phenomenon.Develop a predictive model for suicidal behavior in university students, utilizing predictive analytics.We conducted an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical research study at the University of Manizales, with a focus on predictive applicability. Data from 2,436 undergraduate students were obtained from the research initiative “Building the Future: World Mental Health Surveys International College Students.”The top ten predictor variables that generated the highest scores (ranking coefficients) for the sum of factors were as follows: history of sexual abuse (13.21), family history of suicide (11.68), medication (8.39), type of student (7.4), origin other than Manizales (5.86), exposure to cannabis (4.27), exposure to alcohol (4.42), history of physical abuse (3.53), religiosity (2.9), and having someone in the family who makes you feel important (3.09).Suicide involves complex factors within psychiatric, medical, and societal contexts. Integrated detection and intervention systems involving individuals, families, and governments are crucial for addressing these factors. Universities also play a role in promoting coping strategies and raising awareness of risks. The predictive accuracy of over 80% in identifying suicide risk underscores its significance.The risk factors related to suicidal behavior align with the findings in specialized literature and research in the field. Identifying variables with higher predictive value enables us to take appropriate actions for detecting cases and designing and implementing prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is important to understand how mental health practitioners view recent findings on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) as there is potential this treatment may be incorporated into clinical practice. The aim of our study was to explore how psychiatrists who are not involved in psychedelic research and who are located in the European region perceive psychedelics and PAP.We conducted online semi-structured interviews with 12 psychiatry specialists and psychiatry trainees from 8 European countries. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach informed by codebook thematic analysis.Based on the interviews, we developed four main themes and 14 sub-themes, including (1) Psychedelics hold potential, (2) Psychedelics are dangerous, (3) Future of psychedelics is uncertain, and (4) Psychiatry is ambivalent toward psychedelics.Our respondents-psychiatrists acknowledged the potential of PAP but remained cautious and did not yet perceive its evidence base as robust enough. Education on psychedelics is lacking in medical and psychiatric training and should be improved to facilitate the involvement of mental health experts in decision-making on PAP.
由于迷幻药辅助心理疗法（PAP）有可能被纳入临床实践，因此了解精神卫生从业人员如何看待最近的研究成果非常重要。我们的研究旨在探讨欧洲地区未参与迷幻药研究的精神科医生是如何看待迷幻药和PAP的。我们对来自8个欧洲国家的12名精神科专家和精神科实习生进行了在线半结构式访谈。在访谈的基础上，我们提出了 4 个主主题和 14 个次主题，包括（1）迷幻剂具有潜力；（2）迷幻剂具有危险性；（3）迷幻剂的未来不确定；以及（4）精神病学对迷幻剂的态度暧昧。医学和精神病学培训中缺乏有关迷幻药的教育，应加强这方面的教育，以促进心理健康专家参与有关 PAP 的决策。
{"title":"Attitudes of European psychiatrists on psychedelics: a qualitative study","authors":"Marijana Žuljević, Nando Breški, Mariano Kaliterna, Darko Hren","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411234","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to understand how mental health practitioners view recent findings on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) as there is potential this treatment may be incorporated into clinical practice. The aim of our study was to explore how psychiatrists who are not involved in psychedelic research and who are located in the European region perceive psychedelics and PAP.We conducted online semi-structured interviews with 12 psychiatry specialists and psychiatry trainees from 8 European countries. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach informed by codebook thematic analysis.Based on the interviews, we developed four main themes and 14 sub-themes, including (1) Psychedelics hold potential, (2) Psychedelics are dangerous, (3) Future of psychedelics is uncertain, and (4) Psychiatry is ambivalent toward psychedelics.Our respondents-psychiatrists acknowledged the potential of PAP but remained cautious and did not yet perceive its evidence base as robust enough. Education on psychedelics is lacking in medical and psychiatric training and should be improved to facilitate the involvement of mental health experts in decision-making on PAP.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381403
Ziyun Huang, Liang Li, Yijuan Lu, Jie Meng, Xueping Wu
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in working memory (WM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), both of which are closely associated with the core symptoms of ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rope skipping exercise (RSE) on the WM and CRF of children with ADHD, to provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization of exercise intervention programs tailored to children with ADHD.This study recruited 55 children (age range 6–12 years) and randomly assigned them into three groups: the ADHD with RSE (AWRSE, n=22, mean age: 10.18 ± 1.10 years), the ADHD with sports game (SG) (AWSG, n=16, mean age: 9.38 ± 0.96 years), and the typically developing (TD) control group (CG, n=17, mean age: 8.94 ± 0.56 years). The AWRSE underwent a RSE intervention, while the other two groups participated in SG. The exercise intervention lasted for 8 weeks, with sessions held twice a week for 60 minutes each, at a moderate-to-vigorous-intensity (64–95% HRmax). All children in each group underwent pre-test and post-test, including height, weight, BMI, n-back, and 20mSRT. One-way analysis of variance (Ony-way ANOVA) and paired sample t-test were used to analyze inter- and intra-group differences respectively.Before the intervention, children with ADHD exhibited a significantly lower VO2max compared to the TD children (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, no significant inter-group differences were found across all indices for the three groups of children (p > 0.05). The AWRSE had significant improvements in the accuracy of 1-back task, Pacer (laps), and VO2max (p<0.05), with the level of CRF approaching that of TD children. A significant decrease in response time for the 1-back task was observed in the CG.An 8-week RSE intervention is an effective therapeutic approach for children with ADHD, significantly enhancing their WM and CRF.
{"title":"Effects of rope skipping exercise on working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Ziyun Huang, Liang Li, Yijuan Lu, Jie Meng, Xueping Wu","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381403","url":null,"abstract":"Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in working memory (WM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), both of which are closely associated with the core symptoms of ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rope skipping exercise (RSE) on the WM and CRF of children with ADHD, to provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization of exercise intervention programs tailored to children with ADHD.This study recruited 55 children (age range 6–12 years) and randomly assigned them into three groups: the ADHD with RSE (AWRSE, n=22, mean age: 10.18 ± 1.10 years), the ADHD with sports game (SG) (AWSG, n=16, mean age: 9.38 ± 0.96 years), and the typically developing (TD) control group (CG, n=17, mean age: 8.94 ± 0.56 years). The AWRSE underwent a RSE intervention, while the other two groups participated in SG. The exercise intervention lasted for 8 weeks, with sessions held twice a week for 60 minutes each, at a moderate-to-vigorous-intensity (64–95% HRmax). All children in each group underwent pre-test and post-test, including height, weight, BMI, n-back, and 20mSRT. One-way analysis of variance (Ony-way ANOVA) and paired sample t-test were used to analyze inter- and intra-group differences respectively.Before the intervention, children with ADHD exhibited a significantly lower VO2max compared to the TD children (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, no significant inter-group differences were found across all indices for the three groups of children (p > 0.05). The AWRSE had significant improvements in the accuracy of 1-back task, Pacer (laps), and VO2max (p<0.05), with the level of CRF approaching that of TD children. A significant decrease in response time for the 1-back task was observed in the CG.An 8-week RSE intervention is an effective therapeutic approach for children with ADHD, significantly enhancing their WM and CRF.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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