Pub Date : 2022-02-01Epub Date: 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2073808
Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam, Bevil R Conway
{"title":"How The visual system turns things the right way up.","authors":"Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam, Bevil R Conway","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2073808","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2073808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2040973
JohnMark Taylor, Yaoda Xu
Vannuscorps et al. (2021) present a comprehensive set of carefully designed behavioural experiments to characterize a young woman’s (“Davida’s”) unique neuropsychological deficit in object orientation perception. Specifically, when presented with 2D shapes defined by sharp edges with medium to high contrast, Davida reports seeing 90° and 180° rotated, and mirror-reversed, versions of the same shapes. By contrast, when shown 3D shapes or 2D shapes defined by blurred edges with low contrast, Davida’s performance is intact compared to agematched control participants. Vannuscorps et al. theorize that Davida’s deficit arises from a failure to map intermediate shape-centered representations (ISCRs) derived from cues preferentially processed in the parvocellular visual pathway from retinotopic coordinates to the higher-level spatiotopic or bodycentered coordinates that undergird conscious perception and action. They further propose that midlevel ventral stream regions such as LO1/2 (V4d in monkeys) may encode these ISCRs in retinotopic coordinates before they are transformed into spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates in downstream ventral and dorsal stream regions. Representations of multiple spatial reference frames have been most prominently associated with the primate posterior parietal cortex (PPC). In neuropsychological studies, damage to the human PPC has been linked to spatial neglect, which can occur with respect to retinotopic, body-centered, or spatiotopic reference frames (Halligan et al., 2003). In macaques, representations of different spatial reference frames have been linked to neurones in different subregions within the intraparietal sulcus (Colby & Goldberg, 1999). The re-representation of visual information from retinotopic coordinates in early visual areas to other reference frames is consistent with the idea that PPC plays an important role in the adaptive and dynamic aspect of visual information processing, whereby input from the ventral visual cortex is transformed to facilitate task performance and efficient interaction with the external world (Xu, 2018a & 2018b; see also Vaziri-Pashkam & Xu, 2017). Whereas previous studies have linked the representation of multiple spatial reference frames to PPC, Vannuscorps et al. (2021) suggest that it could occur earlier in regions immediately downstream from LO in the human brain, such as in V3A/V3B and IPS0. These brain regions have previously been linked to the representation of 3D space (e.g., Georgieva et al., 2009), the tracking of up to four object locations, and visual grouping (Bettencourt & Xu, 2016a; Xu & Chun, 2006, 2007 & 2009). The possibility of linking Davida’s behavioural deficit and the transformation of spatial reference frames to this general brain region presents an exciting opportunity that could help us better understand the precise function this region may play in visual perception. Vannuscorps et al. presume that Davida’s processing of the orientations of 2D shapes
{"title":"Identifying the neural loci mediating conscious object orientation perception using fMRI MVPA.","authors":"JohnMark Taylor, Yaoda Xu","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2040973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2040973","url":null,"abstract":"Vannuscorps et al. (2021) present a comprehensive set of carefully designed behavioural experiments to characterize a young woman’s (“Davida’s”) unique neuropsychological deficit in object orientation perception. Specifically, when presented with 2D shapes defined by sharp edges with medium to high contrast, Davida reports seeing 90° and 180° rotated, and mirror-reversed, versions of the same shapes. By contrast, when shown 3D shapes or 2D shapes defined by blurred edges with low contrast, Davida’s performance is intact compared to agematched control participants. Vannuscorps et al. theorize that Davida’s deficit arises from a failure to map intermediate shape-centered representations (ISCRs) derived from cues preferentially processed in the parvocellular visual pathway from retinotopic coordinates to the higher-level spatiotopic or bodycentered coordinates that undergird conscious perception and action. They further propose that midlevel ventral stream regions such as LO1/2 (V4d in monkeys) may encode these ISCRs in retinotopic coordinates before they are transformed into spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates in downstream ventral and dorsal stream regions. Representations of multiple spatial reference frames have been most prominently associated with the primate posterior parietal cortex (PPC). In neuropsychological studies, damage to the human PPC has been linked to spatial neglect, which can occur with respect to retinotopic, body-centered, or spatiotopic reference frames (Halligan et al., 2003). In macaques, representations of different spatial reference frames have been linked to neurones in different subregions within the intraparietal sulcus (Colby & Goldberg, 1999). The re-representation of visual information from retinotopic coordinates in early visual areas to other reference frames is consistent with the idea that PPC plays an important role in the adaptive and dynamic aspect of visual information processing, whereby input from the ventral visual cortex is transformed to facilitate task performance and efficient interaction with the external world (Xu, 2018a & 2018b; see also Vaziri-Pashkam & Xu, 2017). Whereas previous studies have linked the representation of multiple spatial reference frames to PPC, Vannuscorps et al. (2021) suggest that it could occur earlier in regions immediately downstream from LO in the human brain, such as in V3A/V3B and IPS0. These brain regions have previously been linked to the representation of 3D space (e.g., Georgieva et al., 2009), the tracking of up to four object locations, and visual grouping (Bettencourt & Xu, 2016a; Xu & Chun, 2006, 2007 & 2009). The possibility of linking Davida’s behavioural deficit and the transformation of spatial reference frames to this general brain region presents an exciting opportunity that could help us better understand the precise function this region may play in visual perception. Vannuscorps et al. presume that Davida’s processing of the orientations of 2D shapes","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1-2","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9994469/pdf/nihms-1874112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9409621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2083947
Dina V Popovkina, Anitha Pasupathy
Vannuscorps and colleagues present the fascinating case of Davida, a young person who makes systematic errors in judgments related to orientations of sharp or high-contrast visual stimuli. In this commentary, we discuss the findings in the context of observations from mid-level ventral visual stream physiology. We propose two additional interpretations for the specificity of the behavioural deficits: the observed impairments in orientation judgments may be consistent with a system that is not able to unambiguously represent certain impoverished stimuli, or with a system that is not able to translate visual input into head- or body-centered coordinates. Davida's case offers a unique glimpse into the complex cascade of transformations that enable accurate orientation judgments, and sparks curiosity about which mechanistic disruptions can produce such specific unstable percepts.
{"title":"Davida's deficits: weak encoding of impoverished stimuli or faulty egocentric representation?","authors":"Dina V Popovkina, Anitha Pasupathy","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2083947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2083947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vannuscorps and colleagues present the fascinating case of Davida, a young person who makes systematic errors in judgments related to orientations of sharp or high-contrast visual stimuli. In this commentary, we discuss the findings in the context of observations from mid-level ventral visual stream physiology. We propose two additional interpretations for the specificity of the behavioural deficits: the observed impairments in orientation judgments may be consistent with a system that is not able to unambiguously represent certain impoverished stimuli, or with a system that is not able to translate visual input into head- or body-centered coordinates. Davida's case offers a unique glimpse into the complex cascade of transformations that enable accurate orientation judgments, and sparks curiosity about which mechanistic disruptions can produce such specific unstable percepts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1-2","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484035/pdf/nihms-1812388.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950
Ilona Bass, Kevin A. Smith, E. Bonawitz, T. Ullman
ABSTRACT People can reason intuitively, efficiently, and accurately about everyday physical events. Recent accounts suggest that people use mental simulation to make such intuitive physical judgments. But mental simulation models are computationally expensive; how is physical reasoning relatively accurate, while maintaining computational tractability? We suggest that people make use of partial simulation, mentally moving forward in time only parts of the world deemed relevant. We propose a novel partial simulation model, and test it on the physical conjunction fallacy, a recently observed phenomenon [Ludwin-Peery et al. (2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610] that poses a challenge for full simulation models. We find an excellent fit between our model's predictions and human performance on a set of scenarios that build on and extend those used by Ludwin-Peery et al. [(2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610], quantitatively and qualitatively accounting for deviations from optimal performance. Our results suggest more generally how we allocate cognitive resources to efficiently represent and simulate physical scenes.
{"title":"Partial mental simulation explains fallacies in physical reasoning","authors":"Ilona Bass, Kevin A. Smith, E. Bonawitz, T. Ullman","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT People can reason intuitively, efficiently, and accurately about everyday physical events. Recent accounts suggest that people use mental simulation to make such intuitive physical judgments. But mental simulation models are computationally expensive; how is physical reasoning relatively accurate, while maintaining computational tractability? We suggest that people make use of partial simulation, mentally moving forward in time only parts of the world deemed relevant. We propose a novel partial simulation model, and test it on the physical conjunction fallacy, a recently observed phenomenon [Ludwin-Peery et al. (2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610] that poses a challenge for full simulation models. We find an excellent fit between our model's predictions and human performance on a set of scenarios that build on and extend those used by Ludwin-Peery et al. [(2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610], quantitatively and qualitatively accounting for deviations from optimal performance. Our results suggest more generally how we allocate cognitive resources to efficiently represent and simulate physical scenes.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"413 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2071152
Josselin Baumard, Mathieu Lesourd, Léna Guézouli, F. Osiurak
ABSTRACT This quantitative review gives an overview of physical understanding (i.e., the ability to represent and use the laws of physics to interact with the physical world) impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), semantic dementia (SD), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), as assessed mainly with mechanical problem-solving and tool use tests. This review shows that: (1) SD patients have apraxia of tool use because of semantic tool knowledge deficits, but normal performance in tests of physical understanding; (2) AD and CBS patients show impaired performance in mechanical problem-solving tests, probably not because of intrinsic deficits of physical understanding, but rather because of additional cognitive (AD) or motor impairments (CBS); (3) As a result, the performance in mechanical problem-solving tests is not a good predictor of familiar tool use in dementia; (4) Actual deficits of physical understanding are probably observed only in late stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and associated with functional loss.
{"title":"Physical understanding in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Josselin Baumard, Mathieu Lesourd, Léna Guézouli, F. Osiurak","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2071152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2071152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This quantitative review gives an overview of physical understanding (i.e., the ability to represent and use the laws of physics to interact with the physical world) impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), semantic dementia (SD), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), as assessed mainly with mechanical problem-solving and tool use tests. This review shows that: (1) SD patients have apraxia of tool use because of semantic tool knowledge deficits, but normal performance in tests of physical understanding; (2) AD and CBS patients show impaired performance in mechanical problem-solving tests, probably not because of intrinsic deficits of physical understanding, but rather because of additional cognitive (AD) or motor impairments (CBS); (3) As a result, the performance in mechanical problem-solving tests is not a good predictor of familiar tool use in dementia; (4) Actual deficits of physical understanding are probably observed only in late stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and associated with functional loss.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"490 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01Epub Date: 2022-02-13DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2034609
Aarit Ahuja, Theresa M Desrochers, David L Sheinberg
To engage with the world, we must regularly make predictions about the outcomes of physical scenes. How do we make these predictions? Recent computational evidence points to simulation-the idea that we can introspectively manipulate rich, mental models of the world-as one explanation for how such predictions are accomplished. However, questions about the potential neural mechanisms of simulation remain. We hypothesized that the process of simulating physical events would evoke imagery-like representations in visual areas of those same events. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we find that when participants are asked to predict the likely trajectory of a falling ball, motion-sensitive brain regions are activated. We demonstrate that this activity, which occurs even though no motion is being sensed, resembles activity patterns that arise while participants perceive the ball's motion. This finding thus suggests that mental simulations recreate sensory depictions of how a physical scene is likely to unfold.
{"title":"A role for visual areas in physics simulations.","authors":"Aarit Ahuja, Theresa M Desrochers, David L Sheinberg","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2034609","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2034609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To engage with the world, we must regularly make predictions about the outcomes of physical scenes. How do we make these predictions? Recent computational evidence points to simulation-the idea that we can introspectively manipulate rich, mental models of the world-as one explanation for how such predictions are accomplished. However, questions about the potential neural mechanisms of simulation remain. We hypothesized that the process of simulating physical events would evoke imagery-like representations in visual areas of those same events. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we find that when participants are asked to predict the likely trajectory of a falling ball, motion-sensitive brain regions are activated. We demonstrate that this activity, which occurs even though no motion is being sensed, resembles activity patterns that arise while participants perceive the ball's motion. This finding thus suggests that mental simulations recreate sensory depictions of how a physical scene is likely to unfold.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 7-8","pages":"425-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374848/pdf/nihms-1776455.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589
O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys
ABSTRACT Traditionally, it has been assumed that logical thinking requires deliberation. However, people can also make logical responses quickly, exhibiting logical intuitions. We examined the neural correlates of logical intuitions by administering base rate problems during fMRI scanning using a two-response paradigm where participants first responded quickly and then reflectively to problems that did or did not pit a normative response against an intuitively-cued stereotypical response (i.e., conflict vs. non-conflict problems). As predicted, participants were less likely to make judgments in accordance with base rates on conflict problems. Critically, in only 4% of cases did longer deliberation change an initially biased response to a normatively correct response. The fMRI data revealed that intuitively-made initial biased judgments nevertheless activate regions typically involved in cognitive control, executive functions and attention, including anterior, inferior, middle and superior frontal cortex, suggesting that even when errors are made, there might be very early awareness of conflict.
{"title":"Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm","authors":"O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditionally, it has been assumed that logical thinking requires deliberation. However, people can also make logical responses quickly, exhibiting logical intuitions. We examined the neural correlates of logical intuitions by administering base rate problems during fMRI scanning using a two-response paradigm where participants first responded quickly and then reflectively to problems that did or did not pit a normative response against an intuitively-cued stereotypical response (i.e., conflict vs. non-conflict problems). As predicted, participants were less likely to make judgments in accordance with base rates on conflict problems. Critically, in only 4% of cases did longer deliberation change an initially biased response to a normatively correct response. The fMRI data revealed that intuitively-made initial biased judgments nevertheless activate regions typically involved in cognitive control, executive functions and attention, including anterior, inferior, middle and superior frontal cortex, suggesting that even when errors are made, there might be very early awareness of conflict.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"365 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839
Lorana Gavril, Adrian Roșan, Ștefan Szamosközi
ABSTRACT The association between visual attention and reading development has been investigated as a possible core causal deficit in dyslexia, in addition to phonological awareness. This study aims to provide a meta-analytic review of the research on attentional processes and their relation to reading development, to examine the possible influence on it of orthographic depth, age, and attentional tasks (interpreted as serial or parallel processing indices). We included studies with participants up to 18 years of age that have considered the visual spatial attention orienting that sustains the serial visual analysis involved in the phonological pathway of decoding, and the visual attention span that supports the multielement parallel processing that is thought to influence lexical decoding. The results confirm a strong association between visual attention and reading development; we evaluate the evidence and discuss the possibility that visual attention processes play a causal role in determining individual differences in reading acquisition.
{"title":"The role of visual-spatial attention in reading development: a meta-analysis","authors":"Lorana Gavril, Adrian Roșan, Ștefan Szamosközi","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The association between visual attention and reading development has been investigated as a possible core causal deficit in dyslexia, in addition to phonological awareness. This study aims to provide a meta-analytic review of the research on attentional processes and their relation to reading development, to examine the possible influence on it of orthographic depth, age, and attentional tasks (interpreted as serial or parallel processing indices). We included studies with participants up to 18 years of age that have considered the visual spatial attention orienting that sustains the serial visual analysis involved in the phonological pathway of decoding, and the visual attention span that supports the multielement parallel processing that is thought to influence lexical decoding. The results confirm a strong association between visual attention and reading development; we evaluate the evidence and discuss the possibility that visual attention processes play a causal role in determining individual differences in reading acquisition.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"387 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47592537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944
Isabel Suarez, Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón, Aurelie Grandjean, Ernesto Barceló, Moises Mebarak, Soraya Lewis, Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, Laurence Casini
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.
{"title":"Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children.","authors":"Isabel Suarez, Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón, Aurelie Grandjean, Ernesto Barceló, Moises Mebarak, Soraya Lewis, Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, Laurence Casini","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39833164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：