medRxiv最新文献

{"title":"Reemergence of Oropouche virus between 2023 and 2024 in Brazil","authors":"BSc Gabriel C. Scachetti, BSc Julia Forato, PhD Ingra M. Claro, Xinyi Hua, DrPH, PhD Bárbara B. Salgado, MSc Aline Vieira, BSc Camila L. Simeoni, PhD Aguyda R C. Barbosa, BSc Italo L. Rosa, PhD Gabriela F. de Souza, Luana C. N. Fernandes BSc, Ana Carla, BSc H. de Sena, BSc Stephanne C. Oliveira, PhD Carolina M. L. Singh, PhD Shirlene T. de Lima, PhD Ronaldo de Jesus, PhD Mariana A. Costa, PhD Rodrigo B Kato, BSc Josilene F. Rocha, BSc Leandro C. Santos, PhD Janete T. Rodrigues, PhD Marielton P. Cunha, MD PhD Ester C. Sabino, PhD Nuno R. Faria, PhD Scott C Weaver, PhD Camila M. Romano, Dr rer nat Pritesh Lalwani, PhD José Luiz Proença-Módena, PhD William M. de Souza","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.27.24310296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.27.24310296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oropouche virus (OROV; species Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense) is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused outbreaks of Oropouche fever in Central and South America since the 1950s. This study investigates virological factors contributing to the reemergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil between 2023 and 2024. Methods: In this study, we combined OROV genomic, molecular, and serological data from Brazil from 1 January 2015 to 29 June 2024, along with in vitro and in vivo characterization. Molecular screening data included 234 patients with febrile illness or central nervous system (CNS) manifestations between December 2023 and May 2024 from the Amazonas State. Genomic data comprised two genomic OROV sequences from patients. Serological data were obtained from neutralizing antibody tests comparing the prototype OROV strain BeAn 19991 and the 2024 epidemic strain. Epidemiological data included aggregated cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1 January 2014 to 29 June 2024. Findings: In 2024, autochthonous OROV infections were detected in previously non-endemic areas across all five Brazilian regions. Cases were reported in 19 of 27 federal units, with 83.2% (6,895 of 8,284) of infections in Northern Brazil and a nearly 200-fold increase in incidence compared to reported cases over the last decade. We detected OROV RNA in 10.8% (10 of 93) of patients with febrile illness and 2.1% (3 of 141) of patients with CNS manifestations between December 2023 and May 2024 in Amazonas. We demonstrate that the 2023-2024 epidemic was caused by a novel OROV reassortant that replicated approximately 100-fold higher titers in mammalian cells compared to the prototype strain. The 2023-2024 OROV reassortant displayed plaques earlier than the prototype, produced 1.7 times more plaques, and plaque sizes were 2.5 larger compared to the prototype. Furthermore, serum collected in 2016 from previously OROV-infected individuals showed at least a 32-fold reduction in neutralizing capacity against the reassortment strain compared to the prototype. Interpretation: These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to a better understanding of the 2023-2024 OROV reemergence. The recent increased incidence may be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new reassortant virus that also evades previous immunity.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cardiometabolic phenotypes with atherogenic index of plasma: a cross-sectional study from the Azar Cohort Study","authors":"S. Soheilifard, R. Mahdavi, E. Faramarzi","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.29.24311169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.29.24311169","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between cardiometabolic phenotypes and atherogenic index of plasma in the Azar cohort population. Methods: This cross sectional study included 9,515 participants aged 35 to 55, using data from the Azar Cohort Study. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on ATP III criteria. Participants were then classified into four cardiometabolic phenotypes by considering BMI and metabolic syndrome components: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW, BMI <25 kg/m2), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW, BMI <25 kg/m2), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, BMI >25 kg/m2), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO, BMI>25 kg/m2). AIP was calculated. Result :Among the subjects, 4,801 (50.5%) were metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and 2,680 (28.2%) were metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). High-risk AIP levels (>0.21) differed significantly across cardiometabolic phenotypes, with MUHNW (79.6%) and MUHO (64.6%) showing the highest proportions compared to MHNW (13.5%) and MHO (18.6%). After adjusting for confounders, multinomial logistic regression analysis showed individuals in the third tertial of AIP were 103.46 times more likely to be MUHNW (OR = 103.46, 95% CI: 52.82to202.64), 55.77 times more likely to be MUHO (OR = 55.77, 95% CI: 45.65to68.12), and 2.22 times more likely to be MHO (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.91to2.64) compared to the MHNW phenotype (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: The study demonstrates significant variation in high risk AIP levels across cardiometabolic phenotypes, emphasizing the need for detailed metabolic health assessments beyond BMI to better predict cardiovascular risk. Keywords: cardiometabolic phenotypes, atherogenic index of plasma, BMI, metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot Spring Residency and Disease Association: a Crossover Gene-Environment Interaction (GxE) Study in Taiwan","authors":"H.-Y. Wu, K.-J. Chang, W. Chiu, C.-Y. Wang, Y.-T. Hsu, Y.-C. Wen, P.-H. Chiang, Y.-H. Chen, H.-J. Dai, C.-H. Lu, Y.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Tsai, C.-H. Hsu, A.-R. Hsieh, S.-H. Chiou, Y.-P. Yang, C.-C. Hsu","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.29.24311167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.29.24311167","url":null,"abstract":"Background The advent of genetic biobanking has powered gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies in various disease contexts. Therefore, we aimed to discover novel GxE effects that address hot spring residency as a risk to inconspicuous disease association. Methods A complete genetic and demographic registry comprising 129,451 individuals was obtained from Taiwan Biobank (TWB). Geographical disease prevalence was analyzed to identify putative disease association with hot-spring residency, multivariable regression and logistic regression were rechecked to exclude socioeconomic confounders in geographical-disease association. Genome-wide association study (GWAS), gene ontology (GO), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified predisposing genetic factors among hotspring-associated diseases. Lastly, a polygenic risk score (PRS) model was formulated to stratify environmental susceptibility in accord to their genetic predisposition. Results After socioeconomic covariate adjustment, prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and valvular heart disease (VHD) was significantly associated with hot spring distribution. Through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovery and subsequent PPI pathway aggregation, CDKL2 and BMPR2 kinase pathways were significantly enriched in hot-spring specific DED and VHD functional SNPs. Notably, PRS predicted disease well in hot spring regions (PRSDED: AUC=0.9168; PRSVHD AUC=0.8163). Hot spring and discovered SNPs contributed to crossover GxE effect on both DED (relative risk (RR)G+E-=0.99; RRG+E+=0.35; RRG+E+=2.04) and VHD (RRG+E-=0.99; RRG+E+=0.49; RRG+E+=2.01). Conclusion We identified hot-spring exposure as a modifiable risk in the PRS predicted GxE context of DED and VHD.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual exposure-by-polygenic score interactions highlight disparities across social groups in the proportion needed to benefit","authors":"S. Nagpal, G. Gibson","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.29.24311065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.29.24311065","url":null,"abstract":"The transferability of polygenic scores across population groups is a major concern with respect to the equitable clinical implementation of genomic medicine. Since genetic associations are identified relative to the population mean, inevitably differences in disease or trait prevalence among social strata influence the relationship between PGS and risk. Here we quantify the magnitude of PGS-by-Exposure (PGSxE) interactions for seven human diseases (coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity thresholded to body mass index and to waist-to-hip ratio, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney disease, and asthma) and pairs of 75 exposures in the White-British subset of the UK Biobank study (n=408,801). Across 24,198 PGSxE models, 746 (3.1%) were significant by two criteria, at least three-fold more than expected by chance under each criterion. Predictive accuracy is significantly improved in the high-risk exposures and by including interaction terms with effects as large as those documented for low transferability of PGS across ancestries. The predominant mechanism for PGSxE interactions is shown to be amplification of genetic effects in the presence of adverse exposures such as low polyunsaturated fatty acids, mediators of obesity, and social determinants of ill health. We introduce the notion of the proportion needed to benefit (PNB) which is the cumulative number needed to treat across the range of the PGS and show that typically this is halved in the 70th to 80th percentile. These findings emphasize how individuals experiencing adverse exposures stand to preferentially benefit from interventions that may reduce risk, and highlight the need for more comprehensive sampling across socioeconomic groups in the performance of genome-wide association studies.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Personalized Breast Cancer Risk Management: A Thai Cohort Study on Polygenic Risk Scores","authors":"Vorthunju Nakhonsri, Manop Pithukpakorn, J. Eu-ahsunthornwattana, C. Ngamphiw, Rujipat Wasitthankasem, Alisa Wilantho, Pongsakorn Wangkumhang, Manon Boonbangyang, S. Tongsima","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.28.24311135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.28.24311135","url":null,"abstract":"Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) are now playing an important role in predicting overall risk of breast cancer risk by means of adding contribution factors across independent genetic variants influencing the disease. However, PRS models may work better in some ethnic populations compared to others, thus requiring populaion specific validation. This study evaluates the performance of 140 previously published PRS models in a Thai population, an underrepresented ethnic group. To rigorously evaluate the performance of 140 breast PRS models, we employed generalized linear models (GLM) combined with a robust evaluation strategy, including Five fold cross validation and bootstrap analysis in which each model was tested across 1,000 bootstrap iterations to ensure the robustness of our findings and to identify models with consistently strong predictive ability. Among the 140 models evaluated, 38 demonstrated robust predictive ability, identified through > 163 bootstrap iterations (95% CI: 163.88). PGS004688 exhibited the highest performance, achieving an AUROC of 0.5930 (95% CI: 0.5903,0.5957) and a McFadden's pseudo R squared of 0.0146 (95% CI: 0.0139,0.0153). Women in the 90th percentile of PRS had a 1.83 fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to those within the 30th to 70th percentiles (95% CI: 1.04,3.18). This study highlights the importance of local validation for PRS models derived from diverse populations, demonstrating their potential for personalized breast cancer risk assessment. Model PGS004688, with its robust performance and significant risk stratification, warrants further investigation for clinical implementation in breast cancer screening and prevention strategies. Our findings emphasize the need for adapting and utilizing PRS in diverse populations to provide more accessible public health solutions.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representational drawing ability is associated with the syntactic language comprehension phenotype in autistic individuals","authors":"A. Vyshedskiy, R. Venkatesh, E. Khokhlovich","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.26.24310995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.26.24310995","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between symbolic thinking and language abilities is a topic of intense debate. We have recently discovered three distinct phenotypes of language comprehension, which we defined as command, modifier and syntactic phenotypes (Vyshedskiy et al., 2024). Individuals in the command phenotype were limited to comprehension of simple commands, while those in the modifier phenotype showed additional comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers. Finally, individuals in the most-advanced syntactic phenotype added comprehension of spatial prepositions, verb tenses, flexible syntax, possessive pronouns, complex explanations, and fairytales. In this report we analyzed how these three language phenotypes differed in their symbolic thinking as exhibited through their drawing abilities. In a cohort of 39,654 autistic individuals 4- to 21-years-of-age, parents reported that 'drawing, coloring and art' was manifested by 36.0% of participants. Among these individuals, representational drawing was manifested by 54.1% of individuals with syntactic-, 27.7% of those with modifier-, and 10.1% of those with command-phenotype (all pairwise differences between the phenotypes were statistically significant, p < 0.0001). The ability to draw a novel image per parent's description (e.g. a three-headed horse) was reported by 34.6% of individuals with syntactic-, 7.9% of those with modifier-, and 1.9% of individuals with command-phenotype (all pairwise differences between the phenotypes were statistically significant, p < 0.0001). These results show strong association between the representational drawing ability and the syntactic-language-comprehension-phenotype, suggesting a potential benefit of drawing interventions in language therapy.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for joint modelling of longitudinal omics data and time-to-event outcomes: Applications to lysophosphatidylcholines in connection to aging and mortality in the Long Life Family Study","authors":"K. Arbeev, Olivia Bagley, S. Ukraintseva, A. Kulminski, Eric Stallard, Michaela Schwaiger-Haber, Gary Patti, Yian Gu, A. Yashin, Michael A. Province, G. H. S. Center","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.29.24311176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.29.24311176","url":null,"abstract":"Studying relationships between longitudinal changes in omics variables and risks of events requires specific methodologies for joint analyses of longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes. We applied two such approaches (joint models [JM], stochastic process models [SPM]) to longitudinal metabolomics data from the Long Life Family Study focusing on understudied associations of longitudinal changes in lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) with mortality and aging-related outcomes (23 LPC species, 5,790 measurements of each in 4,011 participants, 1,431 of whom died during follow-up). JM analyses found that higher levels of the majority of LPC species were associated with lower mortality risks, with the largest effect size observed for LPC 15:0/0:0 (hazard ratio: 0.715, 95% CI (0.649, 0.788)). SPM applications to LPC 15:0/0:0 revealed how the association found in JM reflects underlying aging-related processes: decline in robustness to deviations from optimal LPC levels, better ability of males' organisms to return to equilibrium LPC levels (which are higher in females), and increasing gaps between the optimum and equilibrium levels leading to increased mortality risks with age. Our results support LPC as a biomarker of aging and related decline in robustness/resilience, and call for further exploration of factors underlying age-dynamics of LPC in relation to mortality and diseases.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential Methamphetamine Contamination in Boulder Colorado: Incidence and Implications","authors":"J. E. Dennison, N. Minick","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.28.24311138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.28.24311138","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacture and use of methamphetamine (meth) is a significant problem, in part because it can lead to the contamination of properties where it occurs. Meth contamination can lead to health issues for occupants as well as very high remediation costs for property owners. But even in a state like Colorado, where meth testing and remediation are highly regulated, the number of residences or other types of property that are contaminated in excess of health standards is unknown. Generally, testing for meth contamination occurs only after a property is identified as a likely site for meth use or manufacture, whether by law enforcement, the property owner, or a potential buyer. For this paper, a unique random data set based on a real estate broker's meth screening program was used to determine the incidence of contaminated residences in general. Brokerage clients put 303 residential properties under contract between 2013 and 2022, of which 288 (95%) were screened for meth contamination. Meth was detected in 45 of the 288 screening tests (16%), many at trace levels, while 84% contained no detectable meth. Comprehensive testing was subsequently performed on 35 of these 45 properties and ten of the original 288 (3.47%) screened properties contained meth contamination above state health standards. While the sample size of this analysis was modest, it provides a first real estimate of the incidence of meth-contaminated residential property and an indication of the environmental health significance of this issue.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic value of YiDiXie™-SS, YiDiXie™-HS and YiDiXie™-D in renal cancer","authors":"Y. Wu, Y. Li, H. Zhou, C. Sun, X. Li, Z. Ge, W. Chen, S. Lin, P. Zhang, W. Wang, S. Chen, W. Li, L. Tao, X. Wu, L. Bi, Y. Lai","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.28.24310613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.28.24310613","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Renal cancer is a serious threat to human health and causes heavy economic burden. Ultrasound is widely used in screening or preliminary diagnosis of renal tumors, and enhanced CT is widely used in the diagnosis of renal tumors. However, false-positive results of ultrasound and enhanced CT will bring unnecessary mental pain, expensive examination costs, physical injuries, and even adverse consequences such as organ removal and loss of function; while false-negative results of enhanced CT bring delayed treatment, and patients will thus have to bear the adverse consequences of poor prognosis, high treatment costs, poor quality of life, and short survival period. There is an urgent need to find convenient, cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic methods to reduce the false-positive rate of ultrasound and the false-negative and false-positive rates of enhanced CT in renal tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of YiDiXie-SS, YiDiXie-HS and YiDiXie-D in renal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 298 subjects (malignant group, n=233; benign group, n=65) were finally included in this study. Remaining serum samples from the subjects were collected and tested by applying the YiDiXie all-cancer detection kit to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of YiDiXie-SS, YiDiXie-HS and YiDiXie-D, respectively. RESULTS: The sensitivity of YiDiXie-SS in renal ultrasound-positive patients was 98.3% (95% CI: 95.7% - 99.3%; 229/233) with a specificity of 66.2% (95% CI: 54.0% - 76.5%; 43/65). Compared to the application of enhanced CT alone, sequential use of YiDiXie-SS and CT had comparable sensitivity, but the false positive rate decreased from 21.5% (95% CI: 13.3% - 33.0%; 14/65) to 6.2% (95% CI: 2.4% - 14.8%; 4/65). This means that the application of YiDiXie-SS reduced the false-positive rate of ultrasound by 66.2% (95% CI: 54.0% - 76.5%; 43/65) and the false-positive rate of enhanced CT by 71.4% with essentially no increase in malignancy leakage.The sensitivity of YiDiXie-HS in patients with a negative enhanced CT was 86.1% (95% CI. 71.3% - 93.9%; 31/36) and specificity was 84.3% (95% CI: 72.0% - 91.8%; 43/51). This means that YiDiXie-HS reduced the false-negative rate of enhanced CT by 86.1% (95% CI: 71.3% - 93.9%; 31/36).YiDiXie-D had a sensitivity of 29.4% (95% CI: 23.5% - 36.2%; 58/197) and a specificity of 92.9% (95% CI: 68.5% - 99.6%) in patients with positive enhanced CT. This means that YiDiXie-D reduces the false positive rate of enhanced CT by 92.9% (95% CI: 68.5% - 99.6%; 13/14). CONCLUSION: YiDiXie-SS dramatically reduces the false-positive rate of ultrasound and enhanced CT with essentially no increase in delayed treatment of malignant tumors. YiDiXie-HS dramatically reduces the false-negative rate of enhanced CT. YiDiXie-D dramatically reduces the false-positive rate of enhanced CT. The YiDiXie test has significant diagnostic value in renal tumors, and is expected to solve the 3 problems of \"high false-positive ","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caries incidence in school-based oral health programs","authors":"PhD Mph Ryan Richard Ru7","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.29.24311175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.29.24311175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School-based caries prevention can increase access to critical dental services and reduce oral health inequities. However, little is known regarding the incidence of dental caries in children participating in school caries prevention, and caries diagnosis is often interval censored. Methods: In this paper, we used data from a longitudinal, school- based, randomized clinical trial of minimally invasive treatments for dental caries to estimate the per-visit incidence rate and compare the hazard of dental caries in children receiving either silver diamine fluoride or glass ionomer dental sealants. To account for interval censoring, we used semiparametric transformation models for univariate failure time data and imputed the caries incidence using G-imputation. Results: There were 3040 children that met inclusion criteria for analysis, 1516 (49.9%) of which were randomly assigned to receive silver diamine fluoride and 1524 (50.1%) assigned to receive glass ionomer dental sealants. There were no differences in the hazard of caries between treatments (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.24), while children with caries at baseline had a significant increase in the hazard of new caries (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.26, 2.83) compared to those that were caries-free. The per-visit caries incidence ranged from 4.8 to 11.1 per 1000 person-years and increased with each successive study observation. Conclusions: School-based caries prevention can positively affect caries incidence, and results can be used to inform future program design and implementation.","PeriodicalId":506788,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}