J. C. Nunes, L. Cavalcante, W. E. Pereira, J. Souza, D. J. D. Almeida, Denizard Oresca, P. Fernandes
The salinity of irrigation water can affect the growth and development of most plants of commercial interest. Aiming to study these aspects in passion fruit culture, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and potassium fertilization on gas exchange and production of the passion fruit ‘BRS Giant Yellow’ irrigated with non-saline and saline water. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with sub-subdivided plots using the 2×(3×5) scheme, which refers to two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water as the main plot (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1) and the combination of three potassic fertilization practices (without fertilization, fertilized with conventional and slow release KCl) with five doses of bovine biofertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of dose of 15 L m-2) in the subplots, with three replicates and 12 plants per plot. The physiological variables and the productivity were evaluated in two harvests, and the data were submitted to statistical evaluation of samples repeated in time. The application of bovine biofertilizer and potassium in soil with a sandy texture irrigated with saline water did not inhibit the degenerative effect of the salts on the photosynthetic rates of the plants. The salinity of the irrigation water reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis of the plants, but in the second crop, the instantaneous water use efficiency was higher. Although the productivity decreased from the first to the second harvest, the biofertilizer associated with potassic fertilization increased the yield of the crop, which surpassed the average of Brazil, the Brazilian Northeast and the State of Paraiba, Brazil.
灌溉水的盐度会影响大多数具有商业价值的植物的生长发育。为了研究百香果培养中这些方面的问题，通过试验研究了施用牛生物肥和钾肥对百香果‘BRS巨黄’非盐水和盐水灌溉时气体交换和产量的影响。采用2x (3×5)方案随机分组，以灌溉水电导率为2个水平(0.35和4.00 dS m-1)为主区，结合3种钾肥施肥方式(不施肥、常规施肥和缓释氯化钾)和5种剂量的牛生物肥料(15 L m-2剂量的0、25、50、75和100%)在子区施用。3个重复，每亩12株。对两次收获的生理指标和产量进行评价，并及时提交重复取样统计评价。在盐碱水灌溉的沙质土壤中施用牛生物肥和钾肥并没有抑制盐类对植物光合速率的退化作用。灌溉水的盐度降低了植株的气孔导度、蒸腾和净光合作用，但在第二季，瞬时水分利用效率较高。虽然从第一次收获到第二次收获的生产力有所下降，但生物肥料与钾肥的结合提高了作物的产量，超过了巴西、巴西东北部和巴西帕拉伊巴州的平均产量。
{"title":"Gas exchange and productivity of yellow passion fruit irrigated with saline water and fertilized with potassium and biofertilizer","authors":"J. C. Nunes, L. Cavalcante, W. E. Pereira, J. Souza, D. J. D. Almeida, Denizard Oresca, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1742","url":null,"abstract":"The salinity of irrigation water can affect the growth and development of most plants of commercial interest. Aiming to study these aspects in passion fruit culture, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and potassium fertilization on gas exchange and production of the passion fruit ‘BRS Giant Yellow’ irrigated with non-saline and saline water. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with sub-subdivided plots using the 2×(3×5) scheme, which refers to two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water as the main plot (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1) and the combination of three potassic fertilization practices (without fertilization, fertilized with conventional and slow release KCl) with five doses of bovine biofertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of dose of 15 L m-2) in the subplots, with three replicates and 12 plants per plot. The physiological variables and the productivity were evaluated in two harvests, and the data were submitted to statistical evaluation of samples repeated in time. The application of bovine biofertilizer and potassium in soil with a sandy texture irrigated with saline water did not inhibit the degenerative effect of the salts on the photosynthetic rates of the plants. The salinity of the irrigation water reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis of the plants, but in the second crop, the instantaneous water use efficiency was higher. Although the productivity decreased from the first to the second harvest, the biofertilizer associated with potassic fertilization increased the yield of the crop, which surpassed the average of Brazil, the Brazilian Northeast and the State of Paraiba, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"63 1","pages":"168-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pasquale Cirigliano, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, A. Núñez, G. D. Monte, Tilde Labagnara
Montepulciano red grape is cultivated in the northern part of the Latium region, primarily for the production of DOC “Colli Etruschi Viterbesi” structured wines for aging. In Mediterranean areas, viticulture is closely influenced by vine water status. In this context, the practice of irrigation may alleviate water-stress-related reductions in plant development to guarantee grape quality, especially in semi-arid areas. The application of on-farm compost in a vineyard may affect grape quality without negative effects, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability. The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of irrigation and compost application on the Montepulciano variety in the volcanic environment of Latium region, thereby improving the polyphenol concentrations in the berries. The trial was conducted during three growing seasons (2011–2013). Irrigation was performed according to the protocol proposed by Ojeda and Saurin (2014). The pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψpd) from July to September was measured weekly for maintaining vine water status in the range between -0.4 and -0.6 Mpa. Irrigation (I) and irrigation plus compost application (IC) were compared to a non-irrigated control (C). Berry weight was not influenced by moderate irrigation, whereas titratable acidity and total soluble solids were negatively correlated to the increment of water dropped. The primary finding was a positive influence on polyphenol contents of the grapes at harvest. Best performance was highlighted in 2012 with 263 liter vine-1 of water supplied. Overall, the sustainable use of water and on-farm compost improved Montepulciano grape quality in this volcanic area, thereby enhancing the adaptation of Mediterranean viticulture to climate change conditions.
{"title":"Combined effect of irrigation and compost application on Montepulciano berry composition in a volcanic environment of Latium region (central Italy)","authors":"Pasquale Cirigliano, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, A. Núñez, G. D. Monte, Tilde Labagnara","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1691","url":null,"abstract":"Montepulciano red grape is cultivated in the northern part of the Latium region, primarily for the production of DOC “Colli Etruschi Viterbesi” structured wines for aging. In Mediterranean areas, viticulture is closely influenced by vine water status. In this context, the practice of irrigation may alleviate water-stress-related reductions in plant development to guarantee grape quality, especially in semi-arid areas. The application of on-farm compost in a vineyard may affect grape quality without negative effects, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability. The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of irrigation and compost application on the Montepulciano variety in the volcanic environment of Latium region, thereby improving the polyphenol concentrations in the berries. The trial was conducted during three growing seasons (2011–2013). Irrigation was performed according to the protocol proposed by Ojeda and Saurin (2014). The pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψpd) from July to September was measured weekly for maintaining vine water status in the range between -0.4 and -0.6 Mpa. Irrigation (I) and irrigation plus compost application (IC) were compared to a non-irrigated control (C). Berry weight was not influenced by moderate irrigation, whereas titratable acidity and total soluble solids were negatively correlated to the increment of water dropped. The primary finding was a positive influence on polyphenol contents of the grapes at harvest. Best performance was highlighted in 2012 with 263 liter vine-1 of water supplied. Overall, the sustainable use of water and on-farm compost improved Montepulciano grape quality in this volcanic area, thereby enhancing the adaptation of Mediterranean viticulture to climate change conditions.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"26 1","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Herrera-Torres, M. Murillo, L. Berumen, N. Soto-Cruz, J. Páez-Lerma
Opuntia ficus-indica is used in animal feed but has a low protein content (above 4%) in comparison to high-quality forage (above 16%). It isnecessary to develop technologies that improve the nutrimental value of Opuntia ficus-indica through the process of solid-state fermentation (SSF). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the chemical composition of Opuntia ficus-indica during the SSF with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262. Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262 was grown in glucose, peptone, yeast (GPY) broth, at 28 oC and pH 4.8 for 12 h. Opuntia ficus-indica was incubated in SSF at 28 °C without inoculation (T1) or inoculated with K. marxianus ITD00262 (T2). Fermented samples of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIGN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) contents were ascertained. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 2×6. A decrease of 11% in DM was observed for T1 compared with T2 at 48 h of fermentation. A 300% increase in PC content was observed for T2 at 120 h of fermentation. The DMIVD was increased by 3%, whereas the values of NDF and ADF decreased by 18% in T2. According to our results, it is confirmed that the use of K. marxianus in the SSF of Opuntia ficus-indica has a positive effect and improves the nutrimental quality of this forage.
{"title":"Protein enrichment of Opuntia ficus-indica using Kluyveromyces marxianus in solid-state fermentation","authors":"E. Herrera-Torres, M. Murillo, L. Berumen, N. Soto-Cruz, J. Páez-Lerma","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1767","url":null,"abstract":"Opuntia ficus-indica is used in animal feed but has a low protein content (above 4%) in comparison to high-quality forage (above 16%). It isnecessary to develop technologies that improve the nutrimental value of Opuntia ficus-indica through the process of solid-state fermentation (SSF). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the chemical composition of Opuntia ficus-indica during the SSF with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262. Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262 was grown in glucose, peptone, yeast (GPY) broth, at 28 oC and pH 4.8 for 12 h. Opuntia ficus-indica was incubated in SSF at 28 °C without inoculation (T1) or inoculated with K. marxianus ITD00262 (T2). Fermented samples of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIGN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) contents were ascertained. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 2×6. A decrease of 11% in DM was observed for T1 compared with T2 at 48 h of fermentation. A 300% increase in PC content was observed for T2 at 120 h of fermentation. The DMIVD was increased by 3%, whereas the values of NDF and ADF decreased by 18% in T2. According to our results, it is confirmed that the use of K. marxianus in the SSF of Opuntia ficus-indica has a positive effect and improves the nutrimental quality of this forage.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"26 1","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ainara Peñalver-Cruz, S. Ortiz-Martínez, Cinthya M. Villegas, Ž. Tomanović, F. Zepeda-Paulo, V. Žikić, B. Lavandero
During the samplings described here, Aphidius avenae (=picipes) (Haliday, 1834) was collected. This species has been reported in Chile but has never been studied in terms of its relative abundance and prevalence in central and southern Chile by using classical or molecular methods. The composition of the parasitoid assemblages on several cereal aphid hosts was examined for three seasons in agricultural landscapes. In this note, we describe the prevalence of this parasitoid species in cereal aphids and other aphid hosts and discuss the abundance of this parasitoid compared to other aphid parasitoids and the probable origins of this important aphid parasitoid species in Chile. The results indicate that A. avenae has a low prevalence compared to other main parasitoids such as Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and that it has been found parasitizing the grain aphid ( Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)) and the bird cherry-oat aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)) in wheat and the foxglove aphid ( Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach)) in tomato. Although the introduction of A. avenae in Chile as a biological agent in 1992 was not successful, we here confirm the presence of this aphid parasitoid wasp in Chile and discuss the factors that could explain the low prevalence of this parasitoid species in the country.
{"title":"Abundance and prevalence of Aphidius avenae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Chile","authors":"Ainara Peñalver-Cruz, S. Ortiz-Martínez, Cinthya M. Villegas, Ž. Tomanović, F. Zepeda-Paulo, V. Žikić, B. Lavandero","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1719","url":null,"abstract":"During the samplings described here, Aphidius avenae (=picipes) (Haliday, 1834) was collected. This species has been reported in Chile but has never been studied in terms of its relative abundance and prevalence in central and southern Chile by using classical or molecular methods. The composition of the parasitoid assemblages on several cereal aphid hosts was examined for three seasons in agricultural landscapes. In this note, we describe the prevalence of this parasitoid species in cereal aphids and other aphid hosts and discuss the abundance of this parasitoid compared to other aphid parasitoids and the probable origins of this important aphid parasitoid species in Chile. The results indicate that A. avenae has a low prevalence compared to other main parasitoids such as Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and that it has been found parasitizing the grain aphid ( Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)) and the bird cherry-oat aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)) in wheat and the foxglove aphid ( Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach)) in tomato. Although the introduction of A. avenae in Chile as a biological agent in 1992 was not successful, we here confirm the presence of this aphid parasitoid wasp in Chile and discuss the factors that could explain the low prevalence of this parasitoid species in the country.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"42 1","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78981992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion can be accelerated by agricultural intensification, and the soil loss can alter the quality of water bodies. Sustainable agricultural production therefore requires the management of erosion and potential water pollution. In Uruguay, where there is heavy use of soil for agriculture, there is a need to continually develop and update erosion management policies. In this framework, we estimated the erosion in 99 drainage basins by analyzing and managing the information required (K, L, S, C and R-factors) in the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) in a geographical information system (GIS). The studied drainage basins encompass 73% of the area of Uruguay. The results include the following values: the K-factor range from 0.0073 to 0.088 (t ha h)(ha MJ mm)-1, the R-factor range from 3,547 to 9,342 (MJ mm)(ha h yr)-1, the C-factor range from 0 to 0.155, the slope gradients are less than 4.3% in 78% of the soils, and the multiplicative products of L and S are less than 0.73 in 75% of the cases. The drainage basin characteristics allowed the identification of 4 homogeneous regions based on their erosion behavior. The northern-western-southern basins cluster and Sierras del Este basins clusters indicate the possibility of managing their erosion through control of vegetation cover, which is represented by the C-factor. In general, this forecast of soil erosion by water (92.9% of the soil polygons and 99.9% of the drainage basins) indicates a mean soil loss of less than 7 t (ha yr)-1 corresponding to the land cover surveyed in 2011.
农业集约化会加速土壤侵蚀，土壤流失会改变水体质量。因此，可持续农业生产需要管理侵蚀和潜在的水污染。在农业大量使用土壤的乌拉圭，有必要不断制定和更新侵蚀管理政策。在此框架下，通过分析和管理地理信息系统(GIS)中通用水土流失方程(USLE)和修订后的通用水土流失方程(RUSLE)所需的信息(K、L、S、C和r因子)，对99个流域的侵蚀进行了估算。研究的流域覆盖了乌拉圭面积的73%。结果表明:k因子在0.0073 ~ 0.088 (t ha h)(ha MJ mm)-1范围内，r因子在3547 ~ 9342 (MJ mm)(ha h yr)-1范围内，c因子在0 ~ 0.155范围内，78%的土壤坡度小于4.3%，75%的土壤L和S的乘积小于0.73。根据流域特征，根据侵蚀行为划分出4个均匀区域。西北-西南盆地群和埃斯特山脉盆地群表明通过控制植被覆盖来管理侵蚀的可能性，以c因子为代表。总的来说，这种对土壤侵蚀(92.9%的土壤多边形和99.9%的流域)的预测表明，与2011年调查的土地覆盖相对应的平均土壤流失量小于7 t(公顷/年)-1。
{"title":"Soil erosion by water estimated for 99 Uruguayan basins","authors":"L. Carrasco-Letelier, A. Beretta-Blanco","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1717","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion can be accelerated by agricultural intensification, and the soil loss can alter the quality of water bodies. Sustainable agricultural production therefore requires the management of erosion and potential water pollution. In Uruguay, where there is heavy use of soil for agriculture, there is a need to continually develop and update erosion management policies. In this framework, we estimated the erosion in 99 drainage basins by analyzing and managing the information required (K, L, S, C and R-factors) in the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) in a geographical information system (GIS). The studied drainage basins encompass 73% of the area of Uruguay. The results include the following values: the K-factor range from 0.0073 to 0.088 (t ha h)(ha MJ mm)-1, the R-factor range from 3,547 to 9,342 (MJ mm)(ha h yr)-1, the C-factor range from 0 to 0.155, the slope gradients are less than 4.3% in 78% of the soils, and the multiplicative products of L and S are less than 0.73 in 75% of the cases. The drainage basin characteristics allowed the identification of 4 homogeneous regions based on their erosion behavior. The northern-western-southern basins cluster and Sierras del Este basins clusters indicate the possibility of managing their erosion through control of vegetation cover, which is represented by the C-factor. In general, this forecast of soil erosion by water (92.9% of the soil polygons and 99.9% of the drainage basins) indicates a mean soil loss of less than 7 t (ha yr)-1 corresponding to the land cover surveyed in 2011.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"45 3 1","pages":"184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Minoche, C. H. D. Aza, M. Domínguez-Domínguez, P. Martínez‐Zurimendi
Forest stand productivity is defined as the quantitative estimation of a specific area’s potential to produce biomass over a determined period of time. The site index has been the predominant method used to evaluate forest stand productivity. Teak is one of the most accepted species within the international timber market due to the physical and aesthetic qualities of this wood. The aim of this study was to determine the site index of teak plantations. The study was conducted in teak plantations of Tabasco. Data were obtained from a network of 10 plantations consisting of 35 plots measured over four successive inventories (2003 to 2006). The data were fitted to five models, of which four were based on proposed finite difference equations and a non-integrated function. The most suitable of the five models was chosen, taking into account the goodness of fit, the residual analysis, and the validation with a data subsample from the plantation. The Sloboda model was finally selected, and the results obtained were compared with the model proposed by Upadhyay. This model proved to be a useful tool, not only in evaluating station quality but also in improving the planning and management of teak plantations in Tabasco.
{"title":"Determining the site index of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) plantations in Tabasco, Mexico","authors":"D. Minoche, C. H. D. Aza, M. Domínguez-Domínguez, P. Martínez‐Zurimendi","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1645","url":null,"abstract":"Forest stand productivity is defined as the quantitative estimation of a specific area’s potential to produce biomass over a determined period of time. The site index has been the predominant method used to evaluate forest stand productivity. Teak is one of the most accepted species within the international timber market due to the physical and aesthetic qualities of this wood. The aim of this study was to determine the site index of teak plantations. The study was conducted in teak plantations of Tabasco. Data were obtained from a network of 10 plantations consisting of 35 plots measured over four successive inventories (2003 to 2006). The data were fitted to five models, of which four were based on proposed finite difference equations and a non-integrated function. The most suitable of the five models was chosen, taking into account the goodness of fit, the residual analysis, and the validation with a data subsample from the plantation. The Sloboda model was finally selected, and the results obtained were compared with the model proposed by Upadhyay. This model proved to be a useful tool, not only in evaluating station quality but also in improving the planning and management of teak plantations in Tabasco.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"258 1","pages":"154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chebil, R. Fersi, M. Bouzid, F. Quaglino, S. Chenenaoui, I. Melki, G. Durante, E. Zacchi, B. Bahri, P. Bianco, A. Rhouma
Severe decline of mature grapevines has recently been observed in several vineyards in grape regions in northern Tunisia. Between August 2011 and June 2013, wood samples from diseased vines showing dead spur and cordons, shoot dieback associated with sunken necrotic bark lesions and brown to black vascular streaking were collected from numerous diseased vineyards. Several fungal species were isolated from the margin between healthy and symptomatic tissue. Three species of Botryosphaeriaceae , namely, Diplodia seriata , Neofusicoccum australe , and N. vitifusiforme and one species of Diaporthaceae , namely, Diaporthe neotheicola , were observed to be associated with the decline of old vines. Other fungal species were recovered from diseased wood, namely, Alternaria alternata , Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph of Botrytis cinerea ), Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. In addition, Penicillium spp. interand intra-species diversity were assessed based on virtual RFLP gel analyses and identification of restriction enzymes able to distinguish fungi strains within species based on determination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) lineages within cluster members based on the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region of the rDNA.
{"title":"Fungi from the Diaporthaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae families associated with grapevine decline in Tunisia","authors":"S. Chebil, R. Fersi, M. Bouzid, F. Quaglino, S. Chenenaoui, I. Melki, G. Durante, E. Zacchi, B. Bahri, P. Bianco, A. Rhouma","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1625","url":null,"abstract":"Severe decline of mature grapevines has recently been observed in several vineyards in grape regions in northern Tunisia. Between August 2011 and June 2013, wood samples from diseased vines showing dead spur and cordons, shoot dieback associated with sunken necrotic bark lesions and brown to black vascular streaking were collected from numerous diseased vineyards. Several fungal species were isolated from the margin between healthy and symptomatic tissue. Three species of Botryosphaeriaceae , namely, Diplodia seriata , Neofusicoccum australe , and N. vitifusiforme and one species of Diaporthaceae , namely, Diaporthe neotheicola , were observed to be associated with the decline of old vines. Other fungal species were recovered from diseased wood, namely, Alternaria alternata , Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph of Botrytis cinerea ), Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. In addition, Penicillium spp. interand intra-species diversity were assessed based on virtual RFLP gel analyses and identification of restriction enzymes able to distinguish fungi strains within species based on determination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) lineages within cluster members based on the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region of the rDNA.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"2015 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87014023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V%VI%I.1567
Edith Araceli Cano Estrada
Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector.
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Araceli Cano Estrada, Daniel Vélez Díaz, C. Hernández
Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector. En las ultimas decadas el desarrollo tecnologico ha ido de la mano con la modernizacion. Cada dia es mas evidente el uso de la biotecnologia como una herramienta para incrementar la produccion de los alimentos. Gracias a los avances en ingenieria genetica ha sido posible manipular cultivos y asi, poder garantizar el abasto de alimentos entre la poblacion. Sin embargo, estos alimentos no han sido del todo bien recibido por la sociedad, pues todavia existe incertidumbre en torno a sus beneficios tanto a nivel social como a nivel de la salud de los seres humanos. Por otra parte, la modernizacion agricola solo ha favorecido a los paises mas desarrollados. En paises en vias de desarrollo, todavia se observa pobreza, hambre y desnutricion. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear politicas que fomenten la produccion y asi poder cumplir con la demanda de alimentos que cada dia es mayor. En el proceso de la modernizacion, el desarrollo sustentable ha tomado un gran interes, donde el consumo de alimentos organicos ha llegado a convertirse en una prioridad, gracias a que estos alimentos presentan una mayor calidad y que su vez favorecen la produccion agricola regional. En esta revision se discute el papel que ha tenido la biotecnologia en diferentes epocas de la historia para la produccion agricola y el desarrollo del sector alimentario.
在过去的几十年里，科技的发展和现代化的发展是同步的。例如，生物技术的进步已被用作增加粮食生产的工具。具体地说，基因工程的进步使操纵作物以提高产量成为可能，从而保证为不断增长的世界人口提供粮食供应。然而，转基因作物并没有得到社会所有成员的认可，其社会效益和对人类健康可能产生的影响仍存在不确定性。此外，农业现代化的好处只惠及发达国家，而发展中国家和欠发达国家的人民却遭受着严重的饥饿、营养不良和贫困。因此，有必要制定政策，保证生物技术的进步转化为更好的农业实践，以满足不断增长的粮食需求。然而，农业现代化进程必须考虑到可持续发展在现代社会中是必不可少的，而且人们越来越渴望消费所谓的有机食品，因为人们认为这些食品质量更高，能刺激区域农业生产。这篇综述讨论了生物技术在历史上与农业生产和粮食部门发展有关的作用。在过去的几十年里，我们一直在寻找能够实现现代化的技术。加拿大是一个明显的利用生物技术促进农业生产的国家。在遗传技术方面取得的重大进展，为可能的人工栽培提供了可能的途径，如玉米、粉状玉米、玉米和玉米等。在禁运的情况下，没有任何一种援助可以帮助我们解决社会贫困问题，今天的问题是，没有任何一种援助可以帮助我们解决社会贫困问题，没有任何一种援助可以帮助我们解决人类贫困问题。可怜的奥特拉，我的现代化农业，我的祖国，我的祖国，我的祖国，我的祖国。En paises En vias de desarrollo, todavia se observa pobreza, hambre by desarrollo。可怜的墨西哥人，有必要采取更有力的政治手段来促进农业生产，因为农业生产者需要更多的资源来满足他们的需求。在现代化的过程中，在可持续发展的过程中，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家，在发展中国家。在此基础上，讨论了在农业生产历史的不同时期生物技术的发展情况，以及在农业生产历史的不同时期生物技术的发展情况。
{"title":"El papel de la biotecnología en la producción agrícola y en el abastecimiento de alimentos","authors":"Araceli Cano Estrada, Daniel Vélez Díaz, C. Hernández","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1567","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector. En las ultimas decadas el desarrollo tecnologico ha ido de la mano con la modernizacion. Cada dia es mas evidente el uso de la biotecnologia como una herramienta para incrementar la produccion de los alimentos. Gracias a los avances en ingenieria genetica ha sido posible manipular cultivos y asi, poder garantizar el abasto de alimentos entre la poblacion. Sin embargo, estos alimentos no han sido del todo bien recibido por la sociedad, pues todavia existe incertidumbre en torno a sus beneficios tanto a nivel social como a nivel de la salud de los seres humanos. Por otra parte, la modernizacion agricola solo ha favorecido a los paises mas desarrollados. En paises en vias de desarrollo, todavia se observa pobreza, hambre y desnutricion. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear politicas que fomenten la produccion y asi poder cumplir con la demanda de alimentos que cada dia es mayor. En el proceso de la modernizacion, el desarrollo sustentable ha tomado un gran interes, donde el consumo de alimentos organicos ha llegado a convertirse en una prioridad, gracias a que estos alimentos presentan una mayor calidad y que su vez favorecen la produccion agricola regional. En esta revision se discute el papel que ha tenido la biotecnologia en diferentes epocas de la historia para la produccion agricola y el desarrollo del sector alimentario.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73217156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barley is currently the most cultivated crop in Spain with about three million ha. Its importance stems from its adaptation to areas with poor soil conditions and water stress. The aim of this work is to describe the historical evolution of barley types and varieties of barley grown by farmers in Spain. A historical review has been performed consulting articles and books on history, archeology, and agronomy related with the issue. Different web sites and articles have been also consulted about the current varietal state of barley in Spain. Another important information source came from the CRF (Center of Plant Genetic Resources) of Spain where a great collection of landraces is preserved. First barleys came to Spain about 7600 years BP by three sites: north, east and south. The south entrance is special, because those genotypes could came from a secondary domestication center of barley located in Morocco. Crop spread throughout the country and its cultivation were reported by Romans, Arabs, and Christians after the ‘Reconquista’ (re-conquest). At the beginning of the nineteenth century the first attempt of classification was carried out. Until the 1940s, most barley acreage was sown with ancient landraces, but from that period onward a steady varietal renovation took place up to the present. The history of barley types and varieties in Spain is rich, and a great set of landraces is preserved in seed banks. These landraces may contain genes for resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
{"title":"Barley Types and Varieties in Spain: An Historical Overview","authors":"F. Martínez-Moreno, I. Solís, E. Igartua","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1638","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is currently the most cultivated crop in Spain with about three million ha. Its importance stems from its adaptation to areas with poor soil conditions and water stress. The aim of this work is to describe the historical evolution of barley types and varieties of barley grown by farmers in Spain. A historical review has been performed consulting articles and books on history, archeology, and agronomy related with the issue. Different web sites and articles have been also consulted about the current varietal state of barley in Spain. Another important information source came from the CRF (Center of Plant Genetic Resources) of Spain where a great collection of landraces is preserved. First barleys came to Spain about 7600 years BP by three sites: north, east and south. The south entrance is special, because those genotypes could came from a secondary domestication center of barley located in Morocco. Crop spread throughout the country and its cultivation were reported by Romans, Arabs, and Christians after the ‘Reconquista’ (re-conquest). At the beginning of the nineteenth century the first attempt of classification was carried out. Until the 1940s, most barley acreage was sown with ancient landraces, but from that period onward a steady varietal renovation took place up to the present. The history of barley types and varieties in Spain is rich, and a great set of landraces is preserved in seed banks. These landraces may contain genes for resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90802345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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