H. Taylor, Yu-Chih Chen, Kazumi Tsuchiya, T. Cudjoe, Weidi Qin, Ann W. Nguyen, Arka Roy
Loneliness is a major public health concern; however, limited research has examined the mechanisms contributing to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. Race/ethnicity has been hypothesized to be a distal factor influencing loneliness, and racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness may be attributable to socioeconomic factors (e.g., income, education). Our study seeks to confirm these hypotheses by examining mechanisms that contribute to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. In other words, if racial/ethnic differences in loneliness among older adults are mediated by income and education. Data came from the Health and Retirement Study Leave-Behind Questionnaire, 2014-2016. Loneliness was measured by the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale. Race/ethnicity categories were White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino. The mediator variables were household income and education. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine differences in loneliness by race/ethnicity. The KHB mediation method was used to determine if income and education mediated racial/ethnic differences in loneliness. In models examining income and education together, a complete mediation was found between White and Black older adults, in that income and education completely mediated differences in loneliness between these groups. A partial mediation was found between White and Hispanic, and Black and Hispanic older adults. When examining income and education separately, we found that income solely accounted for racial/ethnic differences in loneliness compared to education. Our study is the first to explicitly determine if socioeconomic factors mediate race/ethnicity differences in loneliness among a national sample of older adults. These findings illustrate that income may have greater proximate effects for loneliness among older adults in comparison to education. Additionally, these findings can inform evidence-based interventions to reduce loneliness among older adults. Interventions that enhance quality of life and provide opportunities for socialization for racialized low-income older adults may help decrease racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness.
{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Differences in Loneliness among Older Adults: The Role of Income and Education as Mediators","authors":"H. Taylor, Yu-Chih Chen, Kazumi Tsuchiya, T. Cudjoe, Weidi Qin, Ann W. Nguyen, Arka Roy","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Loneliness is a major public health concern; however, limited research has examined the mechanisms contributing to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. Race/ethnicity has been hypothesized to be a distal factor influencing loneliness, and racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness may be attributable to socioeconomic factors (e.g., income, education). Our study seeks to confirm these hypotheses by examining mechanisms that contribute to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. In other words, if racial/ethnic differences in loneliness among older adults are mediated by income and education.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data came from the Health and Retirement Study Leave-Behind Questionnaire, 2014-2016. Loneliness was measured by the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale. Race/ethnicity categories were White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino. The mediator variables were household income and education. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine differences in loneliness by race/ethnicity. The KHB mediation method was used to determine if income and education mediated racial/ethnic differences in loneliness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In models examining income and education together, a complete mediation was found between White and Black older adults, in that income and education completely mediated differences in loneliness between these groups. A partial mediation was found between White and Hispanic, and Black and Hispanic older adults. When examining income and education separately, we found that income solely accounted for racial/ethnic differences in loneliness compared to education.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study is the first to explicitly determine if socioeconomic factors mediate race/ethnicity differences in loneliness among a national sample of older adults. These findings illustrate that income may have greater proximate effects for loneliness among older adults in comparison to education. Additionally, these findings can inform evidence-based interventions to reduce loneliness among older adults. Interventions that enhance quality of life and provide opportunities for socialization for racialized low-income older adults may help decrease racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura I Schmidt, Fiona S. Rupprecht, Martina Gabrian, Carl-Philipp Jansen, M. Sieverding, Hans-Werner Wahl
Subjective age, i.e., how old people feel in relation to their chronological age, has mostly been investigated from a macro-longitudinal, lifespan point of view and in relation to major developmental outcomes. Recent evidence also shows considerable intraindividual variations in micro-longitudinal studies as well as relations to everyday psychological correlates such as stress or affect, but findings on the interplay with physical activity or sleep as behavioral factors and environmental factors such as weather conditions are scarce. We examined data from 80 recently retired individuals aged 59 to 76 years (M=67.03 years, 59% women) observed across 21 days. Daily diary-based assessments of subjective age, stress, affect, and sleep quality alongside physical activity measurement via Fitbit (steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and daily hours of sunshine were collected and analyzed using multi-level modeling. 44% of the overall variance in subjective age was due to intraindividual variation, demonstrating considerable fluctuation. Affect explained the largest share in day-to-day fluctuations of subjective age, followed by stress and steps, whereas sunshine duration explained the largest share of variance in interindividual differences. In our daily diary design, subjective age was most strongly related to self-reported affect as a psychological correlate. We however also found clear associations with objective data on daily steps and weather. Hence, our study contributes to contextualizing and understanding variations in subjective age in everyday life.
{"title":"Feeling younger on active summer days? On the interplay of behavioral and environmental factors with day-to-day variability in subjective age","authors":"Laura I Schmidt, Fiona S. Rupprecht, Martina Gabrian, Carl-Philipp Jansen, M. Sieverding, Hans-Werner Wahl","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Subjective age, i.e., how old people feel in relation to their chronological age, has mostly been investigated from a macro-longitudinal, lifespan point of view and in relation to major developmental outcomes. Recent evidence also shows considerable intraindividual variations in micro-longitudinal studies as well as relations to everyday psychological correlates such as stress or affect, but findings on the interplay with physical activity or sleep as behavioral factors and environmental factors such as weather conditions are scarce.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We examined data from 80 recently retired individuals aged 59 to 76 years (M=67.03 years, 59% women) observed across 21 days. Daily diary-based assessments of subjective age, stress, affect, and sleep quality alongside physical activity measurement via Fitbit (steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and daily hours of sunshine were collected and analyzed using multi-level modeling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 44% of the overall variance in subjective age was due to intraindividual variation, demonstrating considerable fluctuation. Affect explained the largest share in day-to-day fluctuations of subjective age, followed by stress and steps, whereas sunshine duration explained the largest share of variance in interindividual differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our daily diary design, subjective age was most strongly related to self-reported affect as a psychological correlate. We however also found clear associations with objective data on daily steps and weather. Hence, our study contributes to contextualizing and understanding variations in subjective age in everyday life.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaixin Hu, Zhongyang Guan, Zhijie He, Siran Luo, Hongbin Fang, Yan Zhang, Li Ding, Ying Xu, Liuya Jiang, Conghui Fu, Xiaoqing Zhao, Jie Jia, Chenkai Wu
With the global population aging at an unprecedented pace, the imminent surge in falls and fall-induced injuries necessitates urgent attention. Innovative assistive technologies are crucial in addressing this daunting challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties, efficacy, safety, and user experience of the Intelligent Bone Protection Vest (IBPV), a novel, reusable, non-airbag wearable device. The IBPV integrates a machine learning-based algorithm for real-time monitoring of wearer motion and a unique honeycomb-structured foldable cushion for fall impact attenuation. We evaluated the impact attenuation capabilities of the IBPV and conducted two human subject studies to assess its efficacy and safety. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to qualitatively explore its usability, safety, and opportunities for enhancement. The compression tests confirmed the energy absorption capacity of the honeycomb-structured foldable cushion. In over 800 fall tests involving 14 young and middle-aged subjects using a touchdown fall test, as well as seven older subjects using a novel fall simulation test, the IBPV demonstrated an overall protection rate exceeding 84%. These results underscored the potential of the IBPV in reducing fall-induced injuries by mitigating the impact force on the hip during falls. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm whether this active wearable device may serve as a dependable fall protection product.
{"title":"Mechanical Property, Efficacy, and User Experience of An Innovative Wearable Device in Preventing Fall-Induced Injuries","authors":"Kaixin Hu, Zhongyang Guan, Zhijie He, Siran Luo, Hongbin Fang, Yan Zhang, Li Ding, Ying Xu, Liuya Jiang, Conghui Fu, Xiaoqing Zhao, Jie Jia, Chenkai Wu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 With the global population aging at an unprecedented pace, the imminent surge in falls and fall-induced injuries necessitates urgent attention. Innovative assistive technologies are crucial in addressing this daunting challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties, efficacy, safety, and user experience of the Intelligent Bone Protection Vest (IBPV), a novel, reusable, non-airbag wearable device.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The IBPV integrates a machine learning-based algorithm for real-time monitoring of wearer motion and a unique honeycomb-structured foldable cushion for fall impact attenuation. We evaluated the impact attenuation capabilities of the IBPV and conducted two human subject studies to assess its efficacy and safety. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to qualitatively explore its usability, safety, and opportunities for enhancement.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The compression tests confirmed the energy absorption capacity of the honeycomb-structured foldable cushion. In over 800 fall tests involving 14 young and middle-aged subjects using a touchdown fall test, as well as seven older subjects using a novel fall simulation test, the IBPV demonstrated an overall protection rate exceeding 84%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 These results underscored the potential of the IBPV in reducing fall-induced injuries by mitigating the impact force on the hip during falls. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm whether this active wearable device may serve as a dependable fall protection product.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between physical frailty, age-related conditions, and the incidence of degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between physical frailty and the development of degenerative VHD. Participants from the UK Biobank who were initially free of VHD and heart failure were categorized into three groups based on the frailty phenotype: non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty. The frailty phenotype was determined by evaluating the following five components: weight loss, exhaustion, reduced physical activity, slow gait speed, and low grip strength. The incidence of degenerative VHD, including mitral valve regurgitation (MR), aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and aortic valve stenosis (AS), was assessed using hospital admission or death registries. Among the 331,642 participants, 11,885 (3.6%) exhibited frailty and 143,379 (43.2%) were categorized as pre-frailty. During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, there were 3,684 MR, 1,205 AR, and 3,166 AS events. Compared to non-frailty participants, those with pre-frailty and frailty showed significantly increased risks for MR (hazard ratio[HR], HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.28; HR frailty: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.30-1.74), AR (HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34; HR frailty: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22-2.04), and AS (HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% CI: 1.11-1.29; HR frailty: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.51-2.00). Among the five components, slow gait speed showed the strongest association with the risk of various types of VHD (HR MR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.34-1.65; HR AR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.24-1.80; HR AS: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.32-1.62), followed by exhaustion, low grip strength, and weight loss. Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with a higher risk of all three types of degenerative VHD. Early detection and intervention for pre-frailty and frailty in middle-aged and older individuals may assist in preventing or delaying the onset of degenerative VHD.
{"title":"Physical frailty and the risk of degenerative valvular heart disease","authors":"Xinli Guo, Ziang Li, Tianxin Long, Sijing Cheng, Cheng Yang, Chenqing Jiang, Haowen Ma, Ruixin Gao, Changpeng Song, Xiaohong Huang, Yongjian Wu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The relationship between physical frailty, age-related conditions, and the incidence of degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between physical frailty and the development of degenerative VHD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants from the UK Biobank who were initially free of VHD and heart failure were categorized into three groups based on the frailty phenotype: non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty. The frailty phenotype was determined by evaluating the following five components: weight loss, exhaustion, reduced physical activity, slow gait speed, and low grip strength. The incidence of degenerative VHD, including mitral valve regurgitation (MR), aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and aortic valve stenosis (AS), was assessed using hospital admission or death registries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among the 331,642 participants, 11,885 (3.6%) exhibited frailty and 143,379 (43.2%) were categorized as pre-frailty. During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, there were 3,684 MR, 1,205 AR, and 3,166 AS events. Compared to non-frailty participants, those with pre-frailty and frailty showed significantly increased risks for MR (hazard ratio[HR], HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.28; HR frailty: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.30-1.74), AR (HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34; HR frailty: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22-2.04), and AS (HR pre-frailty:1.19, 95% CI: 1.11-1.29; HR frailty: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.51-2.00). Among the five components, slow gait speed showed the strongest association with the risk of various types of VHD (HR MR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.34-1.65; HR AR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.24-1.80; HR AS: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.32-1.62), followed by exhaustion, low grip strength, and weight loss.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with a higher risk of all three types of degenerative VHD. Early detection and intervention for pre-frailty and frailty in middle-aged and older individuals may assist in preventing or delaying the onset of degenerative VHD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of everyday technology-based tasks, such as online banking or shopping, can be challenging for older adults, especially those with a cognitive impairment. Technology-based tasks are cognitively demanding and require learning new skills. This study explored the efficacy of a technology-based functional skills assessment and training program (FUNSAT) among aging adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in home settings. One hundred and eighty-four racially/ethnically diverse male and female adults aged 65+ participated in the study. The sample included 75 non-cognitively impaired (NC) older adults and 109 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The FUNSAT program includes medication and money management, transportation, and shopping tasks. The MCI participants were randomized to the FUNSAT training or FUNSAT training combined with computer-based cognitive training (FUNSAT/CCT). The non-impaired adults received the FUNSAT training only. Using alternative forms of the assessment component of the FUNSAT program, assessments occurred at baseline, post-training, and one-& three-months post-training. This paper reports the post-training results. The findings indicated that the performance of both the non-impaired and MCI participants improved significantly for all six tasks post-training. Specifically, training resulted in improvements in task completion time and task errors. Participants also reported greater confidence when performing the tasks in the real world. Non-impaired aging adults and those with MCI can learn to perform technology-based everyday tasks. Further, home-based technology training protocols are feasible for aging adults with and without a cognitive impairment.
{"title":"The Efficacy of a Home-Based Functional Skills Training Program for Older Adults With and Without a Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Sara J. Czaja, Peter Kallestrup, Philip D. Harvey","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The performance of everyday technology-based tasks, such as online banking or shopping, can be challenging for older adults, especially those with a cognitive impairment. Technology-based tasks are cognitively demanding and require learning new skills. This study explored the efficacy of a technology-based functional skills assessment and training program (FUNSAT) among aging adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in home settings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and eighty-four racially/ethnically diverse male and female adults aged 65+ participated in the study. The sample included 75 non-cognitively impaired (NC) older adults and 109 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The FUNSAT program includes medication and money management, transportation, and shopping tasks. The MCI participants were randomized to the FUNSAT training or FUNSAT training combined with computer-based cognitive training (FUNSAT/CCT). The non-impaired adults received the FUNSAT training only. Using alternative forms of the assessment component of the FUNSAT program, assessments occurred at baseline, post-training, and one-& three-months post-training. This paper reports the post-training results.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings indicated that the performance of both the non-impaired and MCI participants improved significantly for all six tasks post-training. Specifically, training resulted in improvements in task completion time and task errors. Participants also reported greater confidence when performing the tasks in the real world.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Non-impaired aging adults and those with MCI can learn to perform technology-based everyday tasks. Further, home-based technology training protocols are feasible for aging adults with and without a cognitive impairment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"95 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanzhi Li, Liwan Zhu, Hao Zhao, Caiyun Zhang, Wanxin Wang, Lan Guo, Ciyong Lu
Accumulating evidence suggests that low grip strength (GS) was associated with a faster cognitive decline, but most previous studies have measured GS at a single time point, ignoring changes in GS. We aimed to explore the association of the GS loss rate with the sequent cognitive decline, as well as the moderating role of social isolation in older adults. Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Absolute and relative GS loss rates were calculated as the annual losses from wave 2 (2004–2005) to wave 4 (2008–2009). Participants were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of GS loss rates. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association of the GS loss rate during waves 2–4 with the cognitive decline rate during waves 4–9 (2018–2019). Of the 4356 participants included in analyses, 1938 (44.5%) were men, with a mean age of 68.4 (SD: 8.4) years. Compared with tertile 1 of the absolute GS loss rate, tertile 2 (β = -0.009 [95% CI: -0.018, -0.001] SD/year) and tertile 3 (β = -0.018 [95% CI: -0.027, -0.010] SD/year) were associated with a faster cognitive decline rate. The results of relative GS were similar to those of absolute GS. Social isolation was a significant modifier in the associations of the absolute GS loss rate with decline rates in global cognition and episodic memory, but not in temporal orientation. We did not observe that social isolation moderated the association of the relative GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate. Both absolute and relative GS loss rates were positively associated with the cognitive decline rate in older adults. Low social isolation scores attenuated the association of the absolute GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.
{"title":"The grip strength loss rate and the subsequent cognitive decline rate in older adults: The moderating role of social isolation","authors":"Yanzhi Li, Liwan Zhu, Hao Zhao, Caiyun Zhang, Wanxin Wang, Lan Guo, Ciyong Lu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Accumulating evidence suggests that low grip strength (GS) was associated with a faster cognitive decline, but most previous studies have measured GS at a single time point, ignoring changes in GS. We aimed to explore the association of the GS loss rate with the sequent cognitive decline, as well as the moderating role of social isolation in older adults.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Absolute and relative GS loss rates were calculated as the annual losses from wave 2 (2004–2005) to wave 4 (2008–2009). Participants were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of GS loss rates. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association of the GS loss rate during waves 2–4 with the cognitive decline rate during waves 4–9 (2018–2019).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 4356 participants included in analyses, 1938 (44.5%) were men, with a mean age of 68.4 (SD: 8.4) years. Compared with tertile 1 of the absolute GS loss rate, tertile 2 (β = -0.009 [95% CI: -0.018, -0.001] SD/year) and tertile 3 (β = -0.018 [95% CI: -0.027, -0.010] SD/year) were associated with a faster cognitive decline rate. The results of relative GS were similar to those of absolute GS. Social isolation was a significant modifier in the associations of the absolute GS loss rate with decline rates in global cognition and episodic memory, but not in temporal orientation. We did not observe that social isolation moderated the association of the relative GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both absolute and relative GS loss rates were positively associated with the cognitive decline rate in older adults. Low social isolation scores attenuated the association of the absolute GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyu Lu, C. Chui, Terry Lum, Tianyin Liu, G. Wong, Wai Chan
This study explores the impact of timebanking, where individuals earn time credits, non-monetary currency, for volunteering, on promoting volunteerism among older adults. We employed a quasi-experimental design with 116 timebank group (TBG) participants and 114 comparison group (CG) participants from 2021-2022. TBG received time credits to exchange for rewards, while CG received no time credits (i.e., volunteering as usual). The intervention of timebanking lasted for one year. Volunteering behaviors were tracked via an app, and intentions to volunteer were assessed at baseline (T0), after 6 months (the midpoint of the intervention, T1), and after 12 months (the endpoint of the intervention, T2). The use of rewards by TBG participants was also recorded (e.g., for personal use or sharing with others). Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted to understand how rewards influenced participants’ volunteerism. TBG had significantly higher weekly volunteer hours at T2 (β = 1.37, p = 0.021) and increased intent to volunteer at T1 (β = 0.54, p = 0.001) and T2 (β = 0.51, p = 0.001) compared to CG. Participants using rewards personally volunteered more at T2 (β = 2.09, p = 0.014), although sharing rewards with family and friends or donating rewards to others did not yield the same effect. The qualitative study suggested that a sense of feeling recognized generated by timebanking may encourage increased volunteering and that personal reward use enriched the volunteer experience, and individuals sharing rewards with family and friends experienced a sense of fulfillment and reinforcement of their prosociality. Timebanking effectively encourages late-life volunteering. The study provides practical implications for promoting volunteering among older people.
{"title":"Promoting Late-Life Volunteering with Timebanking: A Quasi-Experimental Mixed-Methods Study in Hong Kong","authors":"Shiyu Lu, C. Chui, Terry Lum, Tianyin Liu, G. Wong, Wai Chan","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study explores the impact of timebanking, where individuals earn time credits, non-monetary currency, for volunteering, on promoting volunteerism among older adults.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We employed a quasi-experimental design with 116 timebank group (TBG) participants and 114 comparison group (CG) participants from 2021-2022. TBG received time credits to exchange for rewards, while CG received no time credits (i.e., volunteering as usual). The intervention of timebanking lasted for one year. Volunteering behaviors were tracked via an app, and intentions to volunteer were assessed at baseline (T0), after 6 months (the midpoint of the intervention, T1), and after 12 months (the endpoint of the intervention, T2). The use of rewards by TBG participants was also recorded (e.g., for personal use or sharing with others). Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted to understand how rewards influenced participants’ volunteerism.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 TBG had significantly higher weekly volunteer hours at T2 (β = 1.37, p = 0.021) and increased intent to volunteer at T1 (β = 0.54, p = 0.001) and T2 (β = 0.51, p = 0.001) compared to CG. Participants using rewards personally volunteered more at T2 (β = 2.09, p = 0.014), although sharing rewards with family and friends or donating rewards to others did not yield the same effect. The qualitative study suggested that a sense of feeling recognized generated by timebanking may encourage increased volunteering and that personal reward use enriched the volunteer experience, and individuals sharing rewards with family and friends experienced a sense of fulfillment and reinforcement of their prosociality.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Timebanking effectively encourages late-life volunteering. The study provides practical implications for promoting volunteering among older people.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Dickerson, T. Stapleton, Jamie Bloss, Isabelle Gélinas, Priscilla Harries, Moon Choi, Isabel Margot-Cattin, Barbara Mazer, A. Patomella, Lizette Swanepoel, Lana Van Niekerk, Carolyn Unsworth, Brenda Vrkljan
In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to examine current research studies outlining effective interventions and strategies to assist older adults during their transition from driver to driving retirement or cessation. A search was completed across nine data bases using key words and MeSH terms for drivers, cessation of driving, and older adult drivers. Eligibility screening of 9,807 titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed screening of 206 papers was completed using the Covidence platform. Twelve papers were selected for full text screen and data extraction, comprising three papers with evidence-based intervention programs and nine papers with evidenced-informed strategies. Three papers met the research criteria of a controlled study for programs that support and facilitate driving cessation for older adults. Nine additional studies were exploratory or descriptive, which outlined strategies that could support older drivers, their families, and/or healthcare professionals during this transition. Driving retirement programs/toolkits are also presented. The driver retirement programs had promising results, but there were methodological weaknesses within the studies. Strategies extracted contributed to six themes: Reluctance and avoidance of the topic, multiple stakeholder involvement is important, taking proactive approach is critical, re-focus the process away from assessment to proactive planning, collaborative approach to enable “ownership” of the decision is needed, and engage in planning alternative transportation should be the end result. Meeting the transportation needs of older adults will be essential to support aging in place, out-of-home mobility and participation, particularly in developed countries where there is such a high dependency on private motor vehicles.
{"title":"A systematic review of effective interventions and strategies to support the transition of older adults from driving to driving retirement/cessation","authors":"Anne Dickerson, T. Stapleton, Jamie Bloss, Isabelle Gélinas, Priscilla Harries, Moon Choi, Isabel Margot-Cattin, Barbara Mazer, A. Patomella, Lizette Swanepoel, Lana Van Niekerk, Carolyn Unsworth, Brenda Vrkljan","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to examine current research studies outlining effective interventions and strategies to assist older adults during their transition from driver to driving retirement or cessation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A search was completed across nine data bases using key words and MeSH terms for drivers, cessation of driving, and older adult drivers. Eligibility screening of 9,807 titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed screening of 206 papers was completed using the Covidence platform. Twelve papers were selected for full text screen and data extraction, comprising three papers with evidence-based intervention programs and nine papers with evidenced-informed strategies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Three papers met the research criteria of a controlled study for programs that support and facilitate driving cessation for older adults. Nine additional studies were exploratory or descriptive, which outlined strategies that could support older drivers, their families, and/or healthcare professionals during this transition. Driving retirement programs/toolkits are also presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The driver retirement programs had promising results, but there were methodological weaknesses within the studies. Strategies extracted contributed to six themes: Reluctance and avoidance of the topic, multiple stakeholder involvement is important, taking proactive approach is critical, re-focus the process away from assessment to proactive planning, collaborative approach to enable “ownership” of the decision is needed, and engage in planning alternative transportation should be the end result. Meeting the transportation needs of older adults will be essential to support aging in place, out-of-home mobility and participation, particularly in developed countries where there is such a high dependency on private motor vehicles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. Sáez de Asteasu, N. Martínez-Velilla, F. Zambom-Ferraresi, A. Galbete, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, E. L. Cadore, Pedro Abizanda, Javier Gómez-Pavón, M. Izquierdo
Exercise may reverse functional decline in hospitalized older adults, but the optimal duration is unclear. This study examined the potential relationship between in-hospital multicomponent exercise program duration and changes on physical function, cognition and muscle function to maximize exercise-related health benefits in acutely hospitalized older patients. This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial examined the relationship between duration of an in-hospital multicomponent exercise program and changes in physical function, cognition, and muscle strength in 570 acutely hospitalized older adults. Participants completed 3, 4, or 5-7 consecutive days of exercise based on the progression of their acute medical illness. The acute clinical condition of the older patients was similar across the study groups (i.e., 3/4/5-7 days) at admission. Outcomes included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for functional capacity, Gait Velocity Test for gait speed, handgrip for muscle strength, and cognitive tests. Of the 570 patients included in the analysis, 298 were women (52.3%) and the mean(SD) age was 87.3(4.8) years. Exercise groups increased SPPB scores compared to controls, with gains of 1.09 points after 3 days, 1.97 points after 4 days, and 2.02 points after 5-7 days (p<0.001). The 4-day program showed the greatest benefit for functional capacity. Gait velocity increased by 0.11 m/s after 4 and 5-7 days (p=0.032). Similar dose-response relationships were seen for handgrip strength and cognition, with 5-7 days showing greater gains than 3 days(p<0.05). Multicomponent exercise programs enhance physical and cognitive function in hospitalized older adults, regardless of exercise dosage. A four-day program significantly boosts functional capacity, while 5-7 days improves handgrip strength and cognition, highlighting the importance of exercise dosage in countering functional decline. Implementing evidence-based inpatient exercise prescriptions can help reverse muscle weakness and improve cognitive and physical function.
{"title":"Dose-response relationship between exercise duration and enhanced function and cognition in acutely hospitalized older adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"M. L. Sáez de Asteasu, N. Martínez-Velilla, F. Zambom-Ferraresi, A. Galbete, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, E. L. Cadore, Pedro Abizanda, Javier Gómez-Pavón, M. Izquierdo","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Exercise may reverse functional decline in hospitalized older adults, but the optimal duration is unclear. This study examined the potential relationship between in-hospital multicomponent exercise program duration and changes on physical function, cognition and muscle function to maximize exercise-related health benefits in acutely hospitalized older patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial examined the relationship between duration of an in-hospital multicomponent exercise program and changes in physical function, cognition, and muscle strength in 570 acutely hospitalized older adults. Participants completed 3, 4, or 5-7 consecutive days of exercise based on the progression of their acute medical illness. The acute clinical condition of the older patients was similar across the study groups (i.e., 3/4/5-7 days) at admission. Outcomes included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for functional capacity, Gait Velocity Test for gait speed, handgrip for muscle strength, and cognitive tests.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 570 patients included in the analysis, 298 were women (52.3%) and the mean(SD) age was 87.3(4.8) years. Exercise groups increased SPPB scores compared to controls, with gains of 1.09 points after 3 days, 1.97 points after 4 days, and 2.02 points after 5-7 days (p<0.001). The 4-day program showed the greatest benefit for functional capacity. Gait velocity increased by 0.11 m/s after 4 and 5-7 days (p=0.032). Similar dose-response relationships were seen for handgrip strength and cognition, with 5-7 days showing greater gains than 3 days(p<0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multicomponent exercise programs enhance physical and cognitive function in hospitalized older adults, regardless of exercise dosage. A four-day program significantly boosts functional capacity, while 5-7 days improves handgrip strength and cognition, highlighting the importance of exercise dosage in countering functional decline. Implementing evidence-based inpatient exercise prescriptions can help reverse muscle weakness and improve cognitive and physical function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the widespread belief in aging in place as the preferred housing arrangement for older adults, they are increasingly embracing moving. The person-environment fit theory explains that environmental changes due to residential moves can pose health risks, discouraging older people from moving. However, it also suggests that moves may be suitable when living conditions no longer meet their physical needs. The correlation between older people's health, housing, and their subsequent moving or staying actions in China remains underexplored. Using alternative operating variables of key concepts and the China Family Panel Studies 2012-2018 datasets, this study examines the effects of health and housing status on older people’s residential moves in China. The study outlines changes in health indicators and housing characteristics during multiple moves, as well as examines the relationship between the health and housing status of older adults and moving over a relatively long period of time using both regression models with lagged explanatory variables and fixed effects binary choice models. The results reveal that: 1) higher rates of subsequent moves were observed among older adults with better self-rated health, positive self-rated health changes, and no ADL impairment, but no significant associations were found between most health variables and moving; 2) The correlation between older persons' house ownership/ type and their residential moves was significant and consistent over time, steady and lasting. Potential mechanisms explaining the association between specific housing types and ownership statuses on moving are discussed. The findings encourage a focus on the positive benefits of moving in later life and how to provide additional housing options for older individuals.
{"title":"Do health and housing attributes motivate residential moves among older Chinese adults? Evidence from an 8‑year follow‑up study","authors":"Ziqi Zhang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite the widespread belief in aging in place as the preferred housing arrangement for older adults, they are increasingly embracing moving. The person-environment fit theory explains that environmental changes due to residential moves can pose health risks, discouraging older people from moving. However, it also suggests that moves may be suitable when living conditions no longer meet their physical needs. The correlation between older people's health, housing, and their subsequent moving or staying actions in China remains underexplored.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using alternative operating variables of key concepts and the China Family Panel Studies 2012-2018 datasets, this study examines the effects of health and housing status on older people’s residential moves in China. The study outlines changes in health indicators and housing characteristics during multiple moves, as well as examines the relationship between the health and housing status of older adults and moving over a relatively long period of time using both regression models with lagged explanatory variables and fixed effects binary choice models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results reveal that: 1) higher rates of subsequent moves were observed among older adults with better self-rated health, positive self-rated health changes, and no ADL impairment, but no significant associations were found between most health variables and moving; 2) The correlation between older persons' house ownership/ type and their residential moves was significant and consistent over time, steady and lasting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Potential mechanisms explaining the association between specific housing types and ownership statuses on moving are discussed. The findings encourage a focus on the positive benefits of moving in later life and how to provide additional housing options for older individuals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"85 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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