Heejung Jang, N. Hill, Jennifer Turner, Emily Bratlee-Whitaker, Mijin Jeong, Jacqueline A Mogle
Although prior research has shown that social relationships and daily stress are strongly associated with cognitive function, few studies have explored the link between the quality of daily social encounters and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The present study explores whether the quality of older adults’ daily social encounters is associated with SCD through daily stress. This study used data from 254 adults aged 70 or older (Mage= 76.5 years, SD= 4.4; 67.7% female) who completed the Einstein Aging Study, a two-week experience sampling study. Multilevel mediation analyses were conducted to account for daily measurements nested within individuals. We tested the indirect effect of the quality of daily social encounters on SCD through daily stress levels. There was a significant positive association between ambivalent and neutral social encounters and daily stress levels at both the within- and between-person levels. Between-person daily stress was, in turn, associated with greater SCD. Specifically, there was a significant indirect path from ambivalent social encounters to SCD through daily stress. This study contributes to a more detailed understanding of how the quality of daily social encounters can influence cognition via increased exposure to daily stress. The findings suggest that emotional support may be crucial to preserving perceptions of older adults’ cognitive functioning.
{"title":"Poor-Quality Daily Social Encounters, Daily Stress, and Subjective Cognitive Decline among Older Adults","authors":"Heejung Jang, N. Hill, Jennifer Turner, Emily Bratlee-Whitaker, Mijin Jeong, Jacqueline A Mogle","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although prior research has shown that social relationships and daily stress are strongly associated with cognitive function, few studies have explored the link between the quality of daily social encounters and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The present study explores whether the quality of older adults’ daily social encounters is associated with SCD through daily stress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used data from 254 adults aged 70 or older (Mage= 76.5 years, SD= 4.4; 67.7% female) who completed the Einstein Aging Study, a two-week experience sampling study. Multilevel mediation analyses were conducted to account for daily measurements nested within individuals. We tested the indirect effect of the quality of daily social encounters on SCD through daily stress levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant positive association between ambivalent and neutral social encounters and daily stress levels at both the within- and between-person levels. Between-person daily stress was, in turn, associated with greater SCD. Specifically, there was a significant indirect path from ambivalent social encounters to SCD through daily stress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study contributes to a more detailed understanding of how the quality of daily social encounters can influence cognition via increased exposure to daily stress. The findings suggest that emotional support may be crucial to preserving perceptions of older adults’ cognitive functioning.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hearing loss is common and undertreated, and the impact of blood pressure variability (BPV) on the development of hearing loss remains unclear. We aimed to examine the age-specific association between visit-to-visit BPV and hearing loss. This nationally representative cohort study included 3939 adults over 50 years from the Health and Retirement Study in the US. Variabilities of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and variability independent of the mean (VIM), using SBP and DBP from three visits. Hearing loss was assessed by self-rated questions. Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate age-specific associations (50-64, 65-79 and ≥80 years) between BPV and hearing loss. The generalized additive Cox models were further used to visualize the combined effect of age and BPV. During the follow-up up to 7.0 years, 700 participants developed hearing loss. Among people aged under 65 years, we observed a 36% increased risk of hearing loss with per SD increment in VIM of SBP (HR per SD 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.63) and a slightly significant association between VIM of DBP (HR per SD 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45) and hearing loss. We did not observe significant associations among groups aged over 65 years (P>0.05). The generalized additive Cox models also showed younger participants had stronger associations between BPV and hearing loss. Higher visit-to-visit variabilities of SBP were associated with an increased risk of hearing loss in middle-aged adults (50-65 years). Intervention in early BPV may help decrease hearing loss in adults aged over 50 years.
{"title":"Age-specific association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and hearing loss: A population-based cohort study","authors":"Xinyue Guo, Renjian Sun, Xiaorui Cui, Yahang Liu, Yating Yang, Rui-jin Lin, Hui Yang, Jingyi Wu, Jiaqin Xu, Yuwei Peng, Xueying Zheng, Guoyou Qin, Jiaohua Chen","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hearing loss is common and undertreated, and the impact of blood pressure variability (BPV) on the development of hearing loss remains unclear. We aimed to examine the age-specific association between visit-to-visit BPV and hearing loss.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This nationally representative cohort study included 3939 adults over 50 years from the Health and Retirement Study in the US. Variabilities of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and variability independent of the mean (VIM), using SBP and DBP from three visits. Hearing loss was assessed by self-rated questions. Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate age-specific associations (50-64, 65-79 and ≥80 years) between BPV and hearing loss. The generalized additive Cox models were further used to visualize the combined effect of age and BPV.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During the follow-up up to 7.0 years, 700 participants developed hearing loss. Among people aged under 65 years, we observed a 36% increased risk of hearing loss with per SD increment in VIM of SBP (HR per SD 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.63) and a slightly significant association between VIM of DBP (HR per SD 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45) and hearing loss. We did not observe significant associations among groups aged over 65 years (P>0.05). The generalized additive Cox models also showed younger participants had stronger associations between BPV and hearing loss.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Higher visit-to-visit variabilities of SBP were associated with an increased risk of hearing loss in middle-aged adults (50-65 years). Intervention in early BPV may help decrease hearing loss in adults aged over 50 years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"21 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults’ cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some. Using data from the 1998–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used trajectory analysis to create clusters of participants with similar cognitive trajectories and tested the association between participants’ cluster membership and marital loss type. Second, we used multi-level modeling (MLM) to analyze the relationship between participants’ cognitive scores while married and following divorce or widowhood and linked these to marital features. Participants who divorced showed no difference in trajectory distribution; widowed participants were more likely to be in the lower-performing and more quickly declining groups. Participants had lower rates of decline following divorce (β = 0.136, p < 0.001), while widowed participants had accelerated decline following spousal death (β = -0.183, p < 0.001) and an immediate decline following spousal death (β = -0.113, p = 0.028). We found that the type of marital loss was important, and predicted improvements in cognition for some and decrements for others, with individuals who were divorced performing best while those who were widowed or separated but not divorced performing worse.
{"title":"Cognitive Decline after Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss?","authors":"D. Hanes, Sean A P Clouston","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults’ cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using data from the 1998–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used trajectory analysis to create clusters of participants with similar cognitive trajectories and tested the association between participants’ cluster membership and marital loss type. Second, we used multi-level modeling (MLM) to analyze the relationship between participants’ cognitive scores while married and following divorce or widowhood and linked these to marital features.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants who divorced showed no difference in trajectory distribution; widowed participants were more likely to be in the lower-performing and more quickly declining groups. Participants had lower rates of decline following divorce (β = 0.136, p < 0.001), while widowed participants had accelerated decline following spousal death (β = -0.183, p < 0.001) and an immediate decline following spousal death (β = -0.113, p = 0.028).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found that the type of marital loss was important, and predicted improvements in cognition for some and decrements for others, with individuals who were divorced performing best while those who were widowed or separated but not divorced performing worse.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"32 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Petrovsky, Mustafa Yildiz, Maria Yefimova, Justine S Sefcik, Zachary G Baker, Kris Pui Kwan Ma, Zahra Rahemi, J. Bacsu, Matthew Lee Smith, Carolyn E Pickering
Most persons with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). While there is evidence that structured activity programs can be beneficial for persons with dementia and their caregivers, it is not well understood how joint engagement in shared activities affects BPSD and caregiver stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of doing a shared activity on the BPSD and caregiver stress. This study used an intensive longitudinal observational design in which caregivers completed baseline and once-a-day diary surveys for 21 days. Caregivers were asked whether they did a pleasant non-care activity with their relative, the presence of eight BPSD, and their stress level. A moderation model in a structural equation model examined the relationship between these variables. Our sample consisted of 453 caregivers (87.4% female, 51.4% non-Hispanic white, mean age 53 years [SD: 14]) and person living with dementia whose mean age was 79 years (SD: 9). On days when the caregivers engaged in a shared activity together with person living with dementia, there was a significant decrease in the BPSD (estimate -0.038, SE=0.016, 95% CI: -0.069, -0.007, p value = 0.018). The effects of engaging in a shared activity decreased the impact of caregiver stress by 0.052 (estimate -0.052, SE=0.018, 95% CI: -0.087, -0.017, p value = 0.004). At the between-person level, no differences were found in BPSD across caregivers who engaged or did not engage in shared activities. The results of our study indicate that doing a shared activity is associated with reduced BPSD among persons with dementia and may buffer the impact of caregiver stress on BPSD. Shared activities should be considered a key intervention component for dementia caregivers.
{"title":"Shared Activities as a Protective Factor Against Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Stress","authors":"D. Petrovsky, Mustafa Yildiz, Maria Yefimova, Justine S Sefcik, Zachary G Baker, Kris Pui Kwan Ma, Zahra Rahemi, J. Bacsu, Matthew Lee Smith, Carolyn E Pickering","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most persons with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). While there is evidence that structured activity programs can be beneficial for persons with dementia and their caregivers, it is not well understood how joint engagement in shared activities affects BPSD and caregiver stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of doing a shared activity on the BPSD and caregiver stress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used an intensive longitudinal observational design in which caregivers completed baseline and once-a-day diary surveys for 21 days. Caregivers were asked whether they did a pleasant non-care activity with their relative, the presence of eight BPSD, and their stress level. A moderation model in a structural equation model examined the relationship between these variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our sample consisted of 453 caregivers (87.4% female, 51.4% non-Hispanic white, mean age 53 years [SD: 14]) and person living with dementia whose mean age was 79 years (SD: 9). On days when the caregivers engaged in a shared activity together with person living with dementia, there was a significant decrease in the BPSD (estimate -0.038, SE=0.016, 95% CI: -0.069, -0.007, p value = 0.018). The effects of engaging in a shared activity decreased the impact of caregiver stress by 0.052 (estimate -0.052, SE=0.018, 95% CI: -0.087, -0.017, p value = 0.004). At the between-person level, no differences were found in BPSD across caregivers who engaged or did not engage in shared activities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of our study indicate that doing a shared activity is associated with reduced BPSD among persons with dementia and may buffer the impact of caregiver stress on BPSD. Shared activities should be considered a key intervention component for dementia caregivers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Igbokwe, B. Ome, Runcie C W Chidebe, Beatrice Chinwe Igbokwe, M. Nwoke, Wisdom Chidiebere Obioha, Benard Chibuike Okechi, J. C. Chukwuorji
Previous research demonstrates that social support facilitates successful aging across all cultures. However, the factors that potentially mediate the link between social support and successful aging remain unclear. This study examined whether a healthy lifestyle and self-esteem mediate the association between social support and successful aging. It was hypothesized that the relationship between social support (family, friends, and significant other) and successful aging would be serially mediated by both healthy lifestyle and self-esteem. Participants were 479 Nigerian retirees (53.4% female) aged 60 to 90 years (Mage = 64.81, SD = 6.86). They provided information on relevant demographic variables and completed the following measures: Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist (Fitness Appraisal), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale, and Successful Ageing Inventory. Three separate regression models (family; friends; and significant other dimensions of social support) were conducted using the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap estimates. Controlling for age and sex, family support, significant other support, friends support, healthy lifestyle and self-esteem were directly associated with successful aging. The association between family support and successful aging was mediated by healthy lifestyle; and this was also seen for friends’ support and significant other support. The sequential path from social support to successful aging through healthy lifestyle, and then via improved self-esteem, was significant for family support and significant other support, but not friends support. Findings suggest that middle-aged to older adults who have strong support from their families and significant others may be more likely to engage in healthy behaviors and, in turn, experience higher levels of self-esteem, thereby aging well.
{"title":"Social Support, Health Behaviors, Self-Esteem, and Successful Aging in a Sub-Saharan African Sample of Older Adults: Test of a Sequential Mediation Model","authors":"C. Igbokwe, B. Ome, Runcie C W Chidebe, Beatrice Chinwe Igbokwe, M. Nwoke, Wisdom Chidiebere Obioha, Benard Chibuike Okechi, J. C. Chukwuorji","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Previous research demonstrates that social support facilitates successful aging across all cultures. However, the factors that potentially mediate the link between social support and successful aging remain unclear. This study examined whether a healthy lifestyle and self-esteem mediate the association between social support and successful aging. It was hypothesized that the relationship between social support (family, friends, and significant other) and successful aging would be serially mediated by both healthy lifestyle and self-esteem.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants were 479 Nigerian retirees (53.4% female) aged 60 to 90 years (Mage = 64.81, SD = 6.86). They provided information on relevant demographic variables and completed the following measures: Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist (Fitness Appraisal), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale, and Successful Ageing Inventory. Three separate regression models (family; friends; and significant other dimensions of social support) were conducted using the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap estimates.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Controlling for age and sex, family support, significant other support, friends support, healthy lifestyle and self-esteem were directly associated with successful aging. The association between family support and successful aging was mediated by healthy lifestyle; and this was also seen for friends’ support and significant other support. The sequential path from social support to successful aging through healthy lifestyle, and then via improved self-esteem, was significant for family support and significant other support, but not friends support.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings suggest that middle-aged to older adults who have strong support from their families and significant others may be more likely to engage in healthy behaviors and, in turn, experience higher levels of self-esteem, thereby aging well.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer M. Reckrey, David Russell, Mei-Chia Fong, Julia G. Burgdorf, Emily C Franzosa, Jasmine L Travers, Katherine A. Ornstein
Despite the importance of provider continuity across healthcare settings, continuity among home care workers who provide hands-on long-term care is understudied. This project describes home care worker continuity, identifies factors associated with increased continuity, and examines associations between continuity and client outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clients receiving Medicaid-funded home-based long-term care (n=3,864) using insurance plan and home care agency data from a large non-profit organization. We estimated home care worker continuity for clients between six-month clinical assessment using Bice-Boxerman scores. We then used generalized estimating equations to model associations between home care worker continuity and 1) client characteristics (e.g., cognitive impairment), and 2) client functional, health, and psychosocial outcomes. While home care worker continuity was lowest for clients receiving the most weekly care hours, a range of continuity existed across all levels of care need. Those who were male, older, Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American, cognitively impaired, and functionally impaired had lower continuity. Higher home care worker continuity was significantly associated (p<0.05) with fewer falls, a higher likelihood of functional improvement/stabilization, and fewer depressive symptoms. The finding that home care worker continuity is associated with the health and well-being of home-based long-term care clients underscores the importance of building high-quality relationships in long-term care. Continued efforts are necessary to understand and advance home care worker continuity and to identify other aspects of the home care experience that benefit those receiving long-term care at home.
{"title":"Home Care Worker Continuity in Home-Based Long-Term Care: Associated Factors and Relationships with Client Health and Well-Being","authors":"Jennifer M. Reckrey, David Russell, Mei-Chia Fong, Julia G. Burgdorf, Emily C Franzosa, Jasmine L Travers, Katherine A. Ornstein","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite the importance of provider continuity across healthcare settings, continuity among home care workers who provide hands-on long-term care is understudied. This project describes home care worker continuity, identifies factors associated with increased continuity, and examines associations between continuity and client outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clients receiving Medicaid-funded home-based long-term care (n=3,864) using insurance plan and home care agency data from a large non-profit organization. We estimated home care worker continuity for clients between six-month clinical assessment using Bice-Boxerman scores. We then used generalized estimating equations to model associations between home care worker continuity and 1) client characteristics (e.g., cognitive impairment), and 2) client functional, health, and psychosocial outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 While home care worker continuity was lowest for clients receiving the most weekly care hours, a range of continuity existed across all levels of care need. Those who were male, older, Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American, cognitively impaired, and functionally impaired had lower continuity. Higher home care worker continuity was significantly associated (p<0.05) with fewer falls, a higher likelihood of functional improvement/stabilization, and fewer depressive symptoms.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The finding that home care worker continuity is associated with the health and well-being of home-based long-term care clients underscores the importance of building high-quality relationships in long-term care. Continued efforts are necessary to understand and advance home care worker continuity and to identify other aspects of the home care experience that benefit those receiving long-term care at home.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In China, rural older adults face a significantly heightened risk of suicide. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature examining the risk factors associated with suicide among older people in rural China. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for this phenomenon among rural older people must be gained. We conducted a systematic literature review on risk factors for suicide among older people in rural China. Seven English electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and three Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English or Chinese, from inception to July 25, 2022. For data collection, scientific strategies were used for searching and selecting literature within the electronic databases. The collected data were then synthesized using the thematic analysis method. The study was conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The final analysis included 16 studies. The identified risk factors were categorized under 6 themes: navigating the challenges of illness, unmet basic needs, experiencing abuse from children, feelings of loneliness, negative life events, and altruistic motivation to benefit children. Multiple factors affect suicide among older people in rural China. This invaluable information can be used to develop targeted prevention strategies particularly relevant to this age group.
{"title":"Understanding Risk Factors for Suicide Among Older People in Rural China: A Systematic Review","authors":"Quan Zhang, Shenao Li, Yijin Wu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In China, rural older adults face a significantly heightened risk of suicide. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature examining the risk factors associated with suicide among older people in rural China. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for this phenomenon among rural older people must be gained. We conducted a systematic literature review on risk factors for suicide among older people in rural China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Seven English electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and three Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English or Chinese, from inception to July 25, 2022. For data collection, scientific strategies were used for searching and selecting literature within the electronic databases. The collected data were then synthesized using the thematic analysis method. The study was conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The final analysis included 16 studies. The identified risk factors were categorized under 6 themes: navigating the challenges of illness, unmet basic needs, experiencing abuse from children, feelings of loneliness, negative life events, and altruistic motivation to benefit children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multiple factors affect suicide among older people in rural China. This invaluable information can be used to develop targeted prevention strategies particularly relevant to this age group.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"82 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Alyssa A Gamaldo, Jacqueline A Mogle, Hephzibah H. Lovett, Justin Brown, Martin J Sliwinski, Antonio Terracciano
Purpose in life is associated with healthier cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. This research examines within-person dynamics between momentary purpose and cognitive function to provide proof of concept that increases in purpose are associated with better cognitive performance. Participants (N=303; 54% female; Mage=51.71, SD=7.32) completed smartphone-based momentary assessments of purpose and short cognitive tasks three times a day for eight days. In moments when participants felt more purpose driven than their average, they had faster processing speed (b=-1.240, SE=0.194; p<.001), independent of person, temporal, and contextual factors and practice effects. Momentary purpose was unrelated to visual working memory performance (b=-0.001, SE=0.001; p=.475). In contrast to purpose, momentary hedonic affect (e.g., happiness) was unrelated to momentary cognition. Feeling more momentary purpose may support faster processing speed in daily life. Such evidence provides stage 0 support for a purpose-based intervention for healthier cognition, which may be particularly useful in middle adulthood and the transition to older adulthood before the onset of cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Purpose in life and cognitive function: Evidence for momentary associations in daily life","authors":"A. Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Alyssa A Gamaldo, Jacqueline A Mogle, Hephzibah H. Lovett, Justin Brown, Martin J Sliwinski, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Purpose in life is associated with healthier cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. This research examines within-person dynamics between momentary purpose and cognitive function to provide proof of concept that increases in purpose are associated with better cognitive performance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants (N=303; 54% female; Mage=51.71, SD=7.32) completed smartphone-based momentary assessments of purpose and short cognitive tasks three times a day for eight days.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In moments when participants felt more purpose driven than their average, they had faster processing speed (b=-1.240, SE=0.194; p<.001), independent of person, temporal, and contextual factors and practice effects. Momentary purpose was unrelated to visual working memory performance (b=-0.001, SE=0.001; p=.475). In contrast to purpose, momentary hedonic affect (e.g., happiness) was unrelated to momentary cognition.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Feeling more momentary purpose may support faster processing speed in daily life. Such evidence provides stage 0 support for a purpose-based intervention for healthier cognition, which may be particularly useful in middle adulthood and the transition to older adulthood before the onset of cognitive impairment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghan K Mattos, Veronica Bernacchi, Kelly M Shaffer, Virginia T Gallagher, Shinae Seo, Laura Jepson, Carol Manning
Caregivers of persons with dementia report worse sleep when compared to the general population. The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence regarding the link between caregiver burden and dementia caregivers’ sleep. We conducted a scoping review using a systematic search for pertinent literature in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science through March 2022. Keywords included content areas of dementia, caregiver burden, and sleep. Inclusion criteria were informal caregivers of persons living with dementia, a measured relationship between informal dementia caregiver sleep and subjective caregiver burden variables, and original research. Non-English studies were excluded. Extracted data were organized in tables, compared, and synthesized. The search yielded 540 non-duplicate articles screened by title and abstract; 118 full-text articles were reviewed; 24 were included. Most studies were cross-sectional, with variable sample sizes. Dementia caregivers had significantly poorer overall perceived sleep than non-caregivers across four studies that examined self-reported sleep measures. Eighteen studies investigated the association between caregiver burden and self-reported sleep quality, with 14 reporting a significant positive association between caregiver burden, and four found null results. Only two of the four studies reporting the association between caregiver burden and objective sleep parameters (i.e., actigraphy and polysomnography) reported a significant positive association for at least one sleep subdomain. While subjective sleep quality is commonly impacted by dementia caregiving burden, there is a lack of corresponding evidence on the relationship between burden and objective sleep metrics. Healthcare providers should consider the dementia caregiver burden’s impact on sleep and regularly assess caregivers' sleep difficulties. Future studies should focus on consistently measuring caregiver burden and sleep to promote dementia caregiver health and well-being.
{"title":"Sleep and caregiver burden among caregivers of persons living with dementia: A scoping review","authors":"Meghan K Mattos, Veronica Bernacchi, Kelly M Shaffer, Virginia T Gallagher, Shinae Seo, Laura Jepson, Carol Manning","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Caregivers of persons with dementia report worse sleep when compared to the general population. The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence regarding the link between caregiver burden and dementia caregivers’ sleep.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a scoping review using a systematic search for pertinent literature in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science through March 2022. Keywords included content areas of dementia, caregiver burden, and sleep. Inclusion criteria were informal caregivers of persons living with dementia, a measured relationship between informal dementia caregiver sleep and subjective caregiver burden variables, and original research. Non-English studies were excluded. Extracted data were organized in tables, compared, and synthesized.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The search yielded 540 non-duplicate articles screened by title and abstract; 118 full-text articles were reviewed; 24 were included. Most studies were cross-sectional, with variable sample sizes. Dementia caregivers had significantly poorer overall perceived sleep than non-caregivers across four studies that examined self-reported sleep measures. Eighteen studies investigated the association between caregiver burden and self-reported sleep quality, with 14 reporting a significant positive association between caregiver burden, and four found null results. Only two of the four studies reporting the association between caregiver burden and objective sleep parameters (i.e., actigraphy and polysomnography) reported a significant positive association for at least one sleep subdomain.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 While subjective sleep quality is commonly impacted by dementia caregiving burden, there is a lack of corresponding evidence on the relationship between burden and objective sleep metrics. Healthcare providers should consider the dementia caregiver burden’s impact on sleep and regularly assess caregivers' sleep difficulties. Future studies should focus on consistently measuring caregiver burden and sleep to promote dementia caregiver health and well-being.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the measurement properties of two emerging psychological resilience (PR) measures constructed for use in large national data sources and to test their reliability across social axes including race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Using 2006/2008 data, the Simplified Resilience Score (SRS) and the Add Health Resilience Scale (AHRS) were tested using overall and multi-group measurement models in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Both PR measures perform well as reliable, one factor latent constructs capturing adaptive capacity at various life stages. Both measures showed measurement consistency across social axes, with specific differences in item measurement across some racial/ethnic groups. The results indicate these measures represent high quality, consistent measures of PR in nationally representative aging and health data. The availability of reliable, valid measures of PR enables consistent evaluation of resilience in health and aging processes.
{"title":"Measuring Psychological Resilience in Aging: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)","authors":"Miles G Taylor, Tyler Bruefach, Dawn C Carr","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to evaluate the measurement properties of two emerging psychological resilience (PR) measures constructed for use in large national data sources and to test their reliability across social axes including race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using 2006/2008 data, the Simplified Resilience Score (SRS) and the Add Health Resilience Scale (AHRS) were tested using overall and multi-group measurement models in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both PR measures perform well as reliable, one factor latent constructs capturing adaptive capacity at various life stages. Both measures showed measurement consistency across social axes, with specific differences in item measurement across some racial/ethnic groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicate these measures represent high quality, consistent measures of PR in nationally representative aging and health data. The availability of reliable, valid measures of PR enables consistent evaluation of resilience in health and aging processes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507173,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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