Tricyclene, a tricyclic monoterpene naturally occurring in plant essential oils, holds potential for the development of medicinal and fuel applications. In this study, we successfully synthesized tricyclene in E. coli by introducing the heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway along with Abies grandis geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) and Nicotiana sylvestris tricyclene synthase (TS) XP_009791411. Initially, the shake-flask fermentation at 30 ◦C yielded a tricyclene titer of 0.060 mg/L. By increasing the copy number of the TS-coding gene, we achieved a titer of 0.103 mg/L. To further enhance tricyclene production, optimal truncation in the N-terminal region of TS XP_009791411 resulted in an impressive highest titer of 47.671 mg/L, approximately a 794.5-fold improvement compared to its wild-type counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer of the heterologous synthesis of tricyclene in E. coli. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that lowering induction temperature and truncating the random coil N-terminal region effectively improved TS solubility, which was closely associated with tricyclene production levels. Furthermore, by truncating other TSs, the titers of tricyclene were improved to different degrees.
{"title":"The Biosynthesis of the Monoterpene Tricyclene in E. coli through the Appropriate Truncation of Plant Transit Peptides","authors":"Meijia Zhao, Shaoheng Bao, Jiajia Liu, Fuli Wang, G. Yao, Penggang Han, Xiukun Wan, Chang Chen, Hui Jiang, Xinghua Zhang, Wenchao Zhu","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030173","url":null,"abstract":"Tricyclene, a tricyclic monoterpene naturally occurring in plant essential oils, holds potential for the development of medicinal and fuel applications. In this study, we successfully synthesized tricyclene in E. coli by introducing the heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway along with Abies grandis geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) and Nicotiana sylvestris tricyclene synthase (TS) XP_009791411. Initially, the shake-flask fermentation at 30 ◦C yielded a tricyclene titer of 0.060 mg/L. By increasing the copy number of the TS-coding gene, we achieved a titer of 0.103 mg/L. To further enhance tricyclene production, optimal truncation in the N-terminal region of TS XP_009791411 resulted in an impressive highest titer of 47.671 mg/L, approximately a 794.5-fold improvement compared to its wild-type counterpart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer of the heterologous synthesis of tricyclene in E. coli. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that lowering induction temperature and truncating the random coil N-terminal region effectively improved TS solubility, which was closely associated with tricyclene production levels. Furthermore, by truncating other TSs, the titers of tricyclene were improved to different degrees.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030172
R. Willaert
This Special Issue continues the “Yeast Biotechnology” Special Issue series of the MDPI journal Fermentation [...]
本特刊是 MDPI 期刊《发酵》"酵母生物技术 "特刊系列的延续 [...]
{"title":"Yeast Biotechnology 6.0","authors":"R. Willaert","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030172","url":null,"abstract":"This Special Issue continues the “Yeast Biotechnology” Special Issue series of the MDPI journal Fermentation [...]","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"61 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030171
T. Bintsis, P. Papademas
In the original publication [...]
在最初的出版物中 [...]
{"title":"Correction: Bintsis, T.; Papademas, P. The Evolution of Fermented Milks, from Artisanal to Industrial Products: A Critical Review. Fermentation 2022, 8, 679","authors":"T. Bintsis, P. Papademas","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030171","url":null,"abstract":"In the original publication [...]","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030170
Xinyu Zhang, Z. Cao, H. Yang, Yajing Wang, Wei Wang, Shengli Li
Rumen metabolism is closely related to feed utilization and the environmental adaptability of cows. However, information on the influence of altitude on ruminal metabolism is limited. Our study aimed to investigate differences in rumen metabolism and blood biochemical indicators among Sanhe heifers residing at various altitudes. A total of 20 serum and ruminal fluid samples were collected from Sanhe heifers in China, including those from Hulunbeier City (approximately 700 m altitude; 119°57′ E, 47°17′ N; named LA) and Lhasa City (approximately 3650 m altitude; 91°06′ E, 29°36′ N; named HA). Compared with LA heifers, HA heifers had higher levels of serum cortisol, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05) and lower Ca2+ concentrations (p < 0.05). Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based untargeted metabolomic technology, we identified a significant difference in 312 metabolites between the LA and HA groups. Metabolic pathway analysis, based on significantly different rumen metabolites, identified 20 enriched metabolic pathways within hierarchy III, which are encompassed within 6 broader metabolic pathways in hierarchy I. This study constitutes the first elucidation of the altitudinal adaptation mechanism of ruminants from the perspective of rumen metabolism, thereby offering a novel angle for investigating high-altitude adaptation in both humans and animals.
{"title":"Effect of High Altitude on Serum Biochemical Parameters, Immunoglobulins, and Rumen Metabolism of Sanhe Heifers","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Z. Cao, H. Yang, Yajing Wang, Wei Wang, Shengli Li","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030170","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen metabolism is closely related to feed utilization and the environmental adaptability of cows. However, information on the influence of altitude on ruminal metabolism is limited. Our study aimed to investigate differences in rumen metabolism and blood biochemical indicators among Sanhe heifers residing at various altitudes. A total of 20 serum and ruminal fluid samples were collected from Sanhe heifers in China, including those from Hulunbeier City (approximately 700 m altitude; 119°57′ E, 47°17′ N; named LA) and Lhasa City (approximately 3650 m altitude; 91°06′ E, 29°36′ N; named HA). Compared with LA heifers, HA heifers had higher levels of serum cortisol, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05) and lower Ca2+ concentrations (p < 0.05). Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based untargeted metabolomic technology, we identified a significant difference in 312 metabolites between the LA and HA groups. Metabolic pathway analysis, based on significantly different rumen metabolites, identified 20 enriched metabolic pathways within hierarchy III, which are encompassed within 6 broader metabolic pathways in hierarchy I. This study constitutes the first elucidation of the altitudinal adaptation mechanism of ruminants from the perspective of rumen metabolism, thereby offering a novel angle for investigating high-altitude adaptation in both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"38 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030166
Burcu Şirin Kaya, E. Nikerel
Despite being frequently encountered, the effect of oxidative or reductive stress on the intracellular metabolism and the response of the intracellular metabolome of yeasts is severely understudied. Non-conventional yeasts are attracting increasing attention due to their large substrate portfolio of non-canonical pathways as well as their production and secretion of proteins. To understand the effects of both stresses on yeast, the conventional model yeast S. cerevisiae and the non-conventional model yeast P. pastoris were perturbed with 5 mM of hydrogen peroxide for oxidative stress and 20 mM of dithiothreitol for reductive stress in well-defined chemostat cultures at a steady state, and fermentation profiles, intracellular amino acid levels, and intracellular glutathione levels were measured. Although stable profiles of extracellular metabolites were observed, significant changes were measured in intracellular amino acid levels within the first five minutes. Collectively, the amino acids ranged from 0.5 to 400 µmol/gDW, with the most significant increase upon the induction of oxidative stress being seen in cysteine (up to 90%) for S. cerevisiae and in aspartate (up to 80%) for P. pastoris. Upon the induction of reductive stress, asparagine nearly halves in S. cerevisiae, while tryptophan decreases by 60% in P. pastoris. By inspecting the time traces of each amino acid, possible mechanisms of pathway kinetics are speculated. This work furthers our understanding of the response of metabolism to oxidative stress in two model yeasts.
氧化或还原压力对酵母菌细胞内代谢的影响以及细胞内代谢组的反应尽管经常遇到，但研究却严重不足。非常规酵母因其非典型途径的大量底物组合以及蛋白质的生产和分泌而日益受到关注。为了了解这两种胁迫对酵母的影响，在稳定状态下，用 5 mM 过氧化氢（氧化胁迫）和 20 mM 二硫苏糖醇（还原胁迫）对常规模式酵母 S. cerevisiae 和非常规模式酵母 P. pastoris 进行了扰动，并测量了发酵曲线、细胞内氨基酸水平和细胞内谷胱甘肽水平。虽然观察到了稳定的细胞外代谢物曲线，但在最初的五分钟内，细胞内氨基酸水平发生了显著变化。总的来说，氨基酸含量范围在 0.5 至 400 µmol/gDW 之间，在诱导氧化应激时，半胱氨酸的增加最为显著（S. cerevisiae 达 90%），天门冬氨酸的增加最为显著（P. pastoris 达 80%）。在诱导还原应激时，S. cerevisiae 的天冬酰胺几乎减少一半，而 P. pastoris 的色氨酸则减少 60%。通过观察每种氨基酸的时间轨迹，我们推测了通路动力学的可能机制。这项工作进一步加深了我们对两种模式酵母的新陈代谢对氧化应激反应的理解。
{"title":"Distinct Short-Term Response of Intracellular Amino Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris to Oxidative and Reductive Stress","authors":"Burcu Şirin Kaya, E. Nikerel","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030166","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being frequently encountered, the effect of oxidative or reductive stress on the intracellular metabolism and the response of the intracellular metabolome of yeasts is severely understudied. Non-conventional yeasts are attracting increasing attention due to their large substrate portfolio of non-canonical pathways as well as their production and secretion of proteins. To understand the effects of both stresses on yeast, the conventional model yeast S. cerevisiae and the non-conventional model yeast P. pastoris were perturbed with 5 mM of hydrogen peroxide for oxidative stress and 20 mM of dithiothreitol for reductive stress in well-defined chemostat cultures at a steady state, and fermentation profiles, intracellular amino acid levels, and intracellular glutathione levels were measured. Although stable profiles of extracellular metabolites were observed, significant changes were measured in intracellular amino acid levels within the first five minutes. Collectively, the amino acids ranged from 0.5 to 400 µmol/gDW, with the most significant increase upon the induction of oxidative stress being seen in cysteine (up to 90%) for S. cerevisiae and in aspartate (up to 80%) for P. pastoris. Upon the induction of reductive stress, asparagine nearly halves in S. cerevisiae, while tryptophan decreases by 60% in P. pastoris. By inspecting the time traces of each amino acid, possible mechanisms of pathway kinetics are speculated. This work furthers our understanding of the response of metabolism to oxidative stress in two model yeasts.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a valued medicinal fungus that can be traced back thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Both TCM and modern scientific research have confirmed the positive effects of C. militaris on human health. In recent years, C. militaris has gained wide popularity; unfortunately, strains often degrade during cultivation, resulting in a decline in fruiting bodies and active components that negatively impacts the development of C. militaris in the health food and medicine industries. This review summarizes the current progresses in research on the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and genetic manipulation of C. militaris and discusses its primary metabolites and strain degradation mechanisms. The current challenges and future prospects of C. militaris research are also discussed.
{"title":"Research Progress in Understanding the Molecular Biology of Cordyceps militaris","authors":"Lihong Wang, Ganghua Li, Xueqin Tian, Yitong Shang, Huanhuan Yan, Lihua Yao, Zhihong Hu","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030167","url":null,"abstract":"Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a valued medicinal fungus that can be traced back thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Both TCM and modern scientific research have confirmed the positive effects of C. militaris on human health. In recent years, C. militaris has gained wide popularity; unfortunately, strains often degrade during cultivation, resulting in a decline in fruiting bodies and active components that negatively impacts the development of C. militaris in the health food and medicine industries. This review summarizes the current progresses in research on the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and genetic manipulation of C. militaris and discusses its primary metabolites and strain degradation mechanisms. The current challenges and future prospects of C. militaris research are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"22 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030169
Sarah Silva, A. O. Bernardi, M. V. Garcia, Thais Nunes Bisello, Larissa Borstmann, M. Copetti
Contamination caused by fungi stands out as a significant microbiological issue in the food industry, particularly leading to premature spoilage across various food segments, including the dry-fermented meat industry. The emergence of undesired fungi on product surfaces results in substantial economic losses. Once microorganisms infiltrate the food, contamination ensues, and their subsequent proliferation can adversely impact the product’s appearance, odor, flavor, and texture. This, in turn, leads to consumer rejection and negatively affects the commercial brand. Additionally, concerns persist regarding the potential presence of mycotoxins in these products. Given the detrimental effects of spoilage fungi in the food industry, practices such as thorough cleaning and sanitization become crucial to prevent contamination and subsequent premature deterioration. These measures play a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and safety of food, while also extending the shelf life of products. This review delves into the advantages, disadvantages, and factors that may influence the efficacy of commonly used sanitizers in the dry-fermented cured meat industry, including substances like sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and benzalkonium chloride.
{"title":"Sanitizers Used for Fungal Spoilage Control in Dry-Fermented Cured Meat Production","authors":"Sarah Silva, A. O. Bernardi, M. V. Garcia, Thais Nunes Bisello, Larissa Borstmann, M. Copetti","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030169","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination caused by fungi stands out as a significant microbiological issue in the food industry, particularly leading to premature spoilage across various food segments, including the dry-fermented meat industry. The emergence of undesired fungi on product surfaces results in substantial economic losses. Once microorganisms infiltrate the food, contamination ensues, and their subsequent proliferation can adversely impact the product’s appearance, odor, flavor, and texture. This, in turn, leads to consumer rejection and negatively affects the commercial brand. Additionally, concerns persist regarding the potential presence of mycotoxins in these products. Given the detrimental effects of spoilage fungi in the food industry, practices such as thorough cleaning and sanitization become crucial to prevent contamination and subsequent premature deterioration. These measures play a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and safety of food, while also extending the shelf life of products. This review delves into the advantages, disadvantages, and factors that may influence the efficacy of commonly used sanitizers in the dry-fermented cured meat industry, including substances like sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and benzalkonium chloride.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030165
J. Elliott, Christian Krohn, Andrew S. Ball
Anaerobic digestion is a potential treatment for industrial wastewater that provides valuable end-products, including renewable energy (biogas). However, waste streams may be too variable, too dilute at high volumes, or missing key components for stable digestion; all factors that increase costs and operational difficulty, making optimisation crucial. Anaerobic digestion may benefit from process intensification, particularly the novel combination of high-strength source-separated wastewater to minimise volume, together with the use of biosolids biochar as a chemical and microbial stabiliser. This study investigates the stability, yield, and microbial community dynamics of the anaerobic digestion of source-separated industrial wastewater from a food manufacturer and a logistics company, using biosolids biochar as an additive, focusing on gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, process stability, and the microbial community using bench-scale semi-continuous reactors at 30- and 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). While gas yields were lower than expected, stability was possible at high HRT. Methane production reached 0.24 and 0.43 L day−1 per litre reactor working volume at 30- and 45-day HRT, respectively, despite high VFA concentration, and was linked to the relative abundance of Methanosarcina in the microbial community. Interactions between substrate, VFA concentration, and the microbial community were observed. Biochar-assisted anaerobic digestion holds promise for the treatment of source-separated wastewater.
{"title":"Source-Separated Industrial Wastewater Is a Candidate for Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion","authors":"J. Elliott, Christian Krohn, Andrew S. Ball","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030165","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion is a potential treatment for industrial wastewater that provides valuable end-products, including renewable energy (biogas). However, waste streams may be too variable, too dilute at high volumes, or missing key components for stable digestion; all factors that increase costs and operational difficulty, making optimisation crucial. Anaerobic digestion may benefit from process intensification, particularly the novel combination of high-strength source-separated wastewater to minimise volume, together with the use of biosolids biochar as a chemical and microbial stabiliser. This study investigates the stability, yield, and microbial community dynamics of the anaerobic digestion of source-separated industrial wastewater from a food manufacturer and a logistics company, using biosolids biochar as an additive, focusing on gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, process stability, and the microbial community using bench-scale semi-continuous reactors at 30- and 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). While gas yields were lower than expected, stability was possible at high HRT. Methane production reached 0.24 and 0.43 L day−1 per litre reactor working volume at 30- and 45-day HRT, respectively, despite high VFA concentration, and was linked to the relative abundance of Methanosarcina in the microbial community. Interactions between substrate, VFA concentration, and the microbial community were observed. Biochar-assisted anaerobic digestion holds promise for the treatment of source-separated wastewater.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030164
V. Lizama, I. Alvarez, M. J. García-Esparza
The application of the ultrasound technique (US) in the production of rosé and red wines has demonstrated that the aromatic composition of rose wine can be affected and that it contributes to increasing the color of red wines without increasing the extraction of astringent tannins. The ultrasound treatment has favored the extraction of anthocyanins, which has had an impact on the increase in color density (C.D.) and has allowed greater color stability over time. Moreover, significant differences have been found between the two US systems applied, with continuous treatment being more effective in the extraction of phenolic compounds than pulsed treatment. The application system of the US also affects the aromatic composition of the wines. These results are of interest, as some esters have been described as important odorants in wines.
{"title":"The Application of the Ultrasound Technique in the Production of Rosé and Red Wines","authors":"V. Lizama, I. Alvarez, M. J. García-Esparza","doi":"10.3390/fermentation10030164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030164","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the ultrasound technique (US) in the production of rosé and red wines has demonstrated that the aromatic composition of rose wine can be affected and that it contributes to increasing the color of red wines without increasing the extraction of astringent tannins. The ultrasound treatment has favored the extraction of anthocyanins, which has had an impact on the increase in color density (C.D.) and has allowed greater color stability over time. Moreover, significant differences have been found between the two US systems applied, with continuous treatment being more effective in the extraction of phenolic compounds than pulsed treatment. The application system of the US also affects the aromatic composition of the wines. These results are of interest, as some esters have been described as important odorants in wines.","PeriodicalId":507249,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.3390/fermentation10030163
Isadora Cogo Badan, Sun-Hwa Jung, Rickwinder Singh, V. Vivekanand, Justus Knappert, Cornelia Rauh, Christoph Lindenberger
In the pursuit of sustainable solutions for contemporary environmental challenges arising from the increasing global demand for energy, this study delves into the potential of cyanobacteria, specifically Arthrospira platensis (commonly known as “spirulina”), as a versatile resource. Employing a life cycle assessment (LCA) in accordance with the ISO 14044:2006 standard and employing both midpoint and endpoint indicators, the study comprehensively evaluates environmental impacts. The research explored a range of scenarios, specifically investigating variations in light intensity and harvesting volume. These investigations were carried out using a pilot-scale photobioreactor, specifically an airlift reactor system featuring a horizontal tubular downcomer. The primary focus is on extracting valuable compounds, namely exopolysaccharides and phycocyanin. It emphasized the extraction of value-added products and strategic integration with a biogas plant for process heat, contributing to developing a sustainable supply network and offering insights into environmentally conscious algae cultivation practices with implications for renewable energy and the production of valuable products. The results emphasize the project’s potential economic feasibility with minimal energy impact from by-product extraction. The environmental assessment identifies marine ecotoxicity and fossil resource depletion as principal impacts, predominantly influenced by upstreaming and harvesting stages. After conducting comparisons across various scenarios, it was found that cultivations under higher light intensities have a lower environmental impact than cultivations with low light supply. However, regardless of light intensity, processes with shorter harvesting cycles tend to have a smaller environmental impact compared to processes with longer harvesting cycles. Overall, this research contributes a nuanced and realistic perspective, fostering informed decision-making in sustainable algae cultivation practices, with implications for renewable energy and valuable compound production.
为寻求可持续的解决方案，应对全球能源需求日益增长所带来的当代环境挑战，本研究深入探讨了蓝藻，特别是节旋藻（俗称 "螺旋藻"）作为一种多功能资源的潜力。该研究采用符合 ISO 14044:2006 标准的生命周期评估 (LCA)，并采用中点和终点指标，全面评估了对环境的影响。研究探索了一系列方案，特别是调查了光照强度和收割量的变化。这些研究是利用中试规模的光生物反应器进行的，特别是采用水平管式导流器的空运反应器系统。主要重点是提取有价值的化合物，即外多糖和植物花青素。该项目强调提取高附加值产品，并与沼气厂进行战略整合，以获取工艺热量，这有助于开发可持续供应网络，并为具有环保意识的藻类培育方法提供了见解，对可再生能源和有价值产品的生产具有重要意义。评估结果强调了该项目的潜在经济可行性，并将副产品提取对能源的影响降至最低。环境评估认为，海洋生态毒性和化石资源枯竭是主要影响因素，主要受上游和收获阶段的影响。在对各种方案进行比较后发现，光照强度较高的栽培对环境的影响低于光照强度较低的栽培。然而，无论光照强度如何，收获周期较短的过程对环境的影响往往小于收获周期较长的过程。总之，这项研究提供了一个细致而现实的视角，有助于在可持续藻类培育实践中做出明智的决策，并对可再生能源和有价值化合物的生产产生影响。
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