Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1398864
M. A. Gunawardena, E. Lokupitiya, Prasanthi Gunawardena
Land is being degraded rapidly worldwide. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in 2015 has invited countries to formulate voluntary targets to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). Under the Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty adopted in 2015, the world is transitioning toward Carbon Neutrality (CN) with more mitigation actions. This paper intended to review the concepts of land degradation, LDN along with CN emphasizing the degradation types, approaches, models available to analyze, synergies, economic aspects and challenges. The review explores approaches and models available for achieving LDN and CN which are both synergistic, economically efficient and could overcome the common challenges. Land degradation has to focus beyond the traditional definitions to incorporate more persistent and the difficult to restore degradation causes. Such complex land degradation requires specialized LDN approaches. The level of degradation and restoration progress could be analyzed using a variety of modeling approaches including economic models. Approaches for LDN and CN can bring significant synergies for each other. The approach proposed by the present study will provide a logical flow for decision-making while minimizing time and effort and avoiding a piecemeal approach. The approach therefore maximizes the output in relation to the inputs thus enhancing sustainability.
{"title":"Land degradation neutrality and carbon neutrality: approaches, synergies, and challenges","authors":"M. A. Gunawardena, E. Lokupitiya, Prasanthi Gunawardena","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1398864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1398864","url":null,"abstract":"Land is being degraded rapidly worldwide. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in 2015 has invited countries to formulate voluntary targets to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). Under the Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty adopted in 2015, the world is transitioning toward Carbon Neutrality (CN) with more mitigation actions. This paper intended to review the concepts of land degradation, LDN along with CN emphasizing the degradation types, approaches, models available to analyze, synergies, economic aspects and challenges. The review explores approaches and models available for achieving LDN and CN which are both synergistic, economically efficient and could overcome the common challenges. Land degradation has to focus beyond the traditional definitions to incorporate more persistent and the difficult to restore degradation causes. Such complex land degradation requires specialized LDN approaches. The level of degradation and restoration progress could be analyzed using a variety of modeling approaches including economic models. Approaches for LDN and CN can bring significant synergies for each other. The approach proposed by the present study will provide a logical flow for decision-making while minimizing time and effort and avoiding a piecemeal approach. The approach therefore maximizes the output in relation to the inputs thus enhancing sustainability.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1376469
Claude A. Garcia, Patrick O. Waeber
{"title":"Editorial: Forest transitions: from restoration to conservation and everything in between","authors":"Claude A. Garcia, Patrick O. Waeber","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1376469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1376469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1385142
Jun Lu, Hao Zhang
In recent years, global attention to forest ecological environment, carbon, wood yield, and biodiversity has been increasing, which requires forest managers to make reasonable forest planning in time and space to meet the needs of multi-objectives and multi-resources. In this study, the resources of business units in Northeast China were analyzed, and the FPS-ATLAS model was established. A multi-objective decision supporting spatial forest planning scheme for 16629.53 ha of forest in Jingouling forest farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province was proposed. In this paper, the volume growth model of six forest types was established, and the carbon storage model was introduced to show the total carbon, biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and total soil carbon of the ecosystem. The dynamic change in carbon during the whole planning period has achieved good results. After 20 time periods, the total soil carbon increased to 7,627,208 Mg (+6.63%), the total ecosystem carbon increased to 14,889,876 Mg (+27.51%), the biomass carbon increased to 5,362,779 Mg (+59.70%), and the dissolved organic carbon increased to 9,531,906 Mg (+14.59%). The purpose of this article is to achieve dynamic management of forest resources, meet multiple constraint settings, achieve multiple management objectives, harvest wood products, and ensure the ecological and social functions of forests so that forests ultimately achieve the ideal state of sustainability.
{"title":"Carbon storage-driven multi-objective spatial planning: simulation and practice at the management unit level in Northeast China","authors":"Jun Lu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1385142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1385142","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, global attention to forest ecological environment, carbon, wood yield, and biodiversity has been increasing, which requires forest managers to make reasonable forest planning in time and space to meet the needs of multi-objectives and multi-resources. In this study, the resources of business units in Northeast China were analyzed, and the FPS-ATLAS model was established. A multi-objective decision supporting spatial forest planning scheme for 16629.53 ha of forest in Jingouling forest farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province was proposed. In this paper, the volume growth model of six forest types was established, and the carbon storage model was introduced to show the total carbon, biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and total soil carbon of the ecosystem. The dynamic change in carbon during the whole planning period has achieved good results. After 20 time periods, the total soil carbon increased to 7,627,208 Mg (+6.63%), the total ecosystem carbon increased to 14,889,876 Mg (+27.51%), the biomass carbon increased to 5,362,779 Mg (+59.70%), and the dissolved organic carbon increased to 9,531,906 Mg (+14.59%). The purpose of this article is to achieve dynamic management of forest resources, meet multiple constraint settings, achieve multiple management objectives, harvest wood products, and ensure the ecological and social functions of forests so that forests ultimately achieve the ideal state of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1294942
Wittanan Tammadid, Bantita Sangkachai, P. Chanonmuang, A. Chidthaisong, P. Hanpattanakit
Soil respiration (Rs) in forest ecosystems is an important process in the global carbon cycle. The unbalanced use of forest natural resources and deforestation in the past have resulted in changes in forest structure, tree growth, and the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Rs. Understanding Rs in both primary and secondary forests plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate and compare Rs in primary dry dipterocarp forests (PDDF) and secondary dry dipterocarp forests (SDDF) in Thailand, in relation to diurnal and seasonal variations in environmental variables (air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture). CO2 flux was measured continuously from March 2019 to February 2020 in the PDDF and SDDF sites in the Nakhon Ratchasima and Ratchaburi provinces of Thailand. Using the soil gradient method, CO2 probes were employed to measure average CO2 concentrations from Rs every minute in the both sites. Additionally, air and soil temperatures and soil moisture were measured continuously to analyze the correlation between Rs and environmental variables. The average annual soil respiration rate in PDDF and SDDF were 8.16 and 8.83 tons C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The diurnal variation of Rs in both sites changed according to air and soil temperatures. The monthly variation of the average Rs was lower in the PDDF site than in the SDDF site. Soil moisture and soil temperature were significantly correlated with the monthly variation of Rs in both sites. Rs in the PDDF and SDDF sites exhibited high emissions during the wet season, accounting for ~61 and 56% of the total annual emissions, respectively. The results indicated that soil and air temperatures were the main drivers of diurnal variation, while the combination of soil moisture and soil and air temperatures determined the seasonal variations. Additionally, litterfall production was the main carbon substrate promoting soil respiration in the SDDF site, as litterfall production was significantly lower in the PDDF site (5.32 tons dry matter ha−1 yr−1) than in the SDDF site (10.49 tons dry matter ha−1 yr−1).
{"title":"Comparison and environmental controls of soil respiration in primary and secondary dry dipterocarp forests in Thailand","authors":"Wittanan Tammadid, Bantita Sangkachai, P. Chanonmuang, A. Chidthaisong, P. Hanpattanakit","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1294942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1294942","url":null,"abstract":"Soil respiration (Rs) in forest ecosystems is an important process in the global carbon cycle. The unbalanced use of forest natural resources and deforestation in the past have resulted in changes in forest structure, tree growth, and the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Rs. Understanding Rs in both primary and secondary forests plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate and compare Rs in primary dry dipterocarp forests (PDDF) and secondary dry dipterocarp forests (SDDF) in Thailand, in relation to diurnal and seasonal variations in environmental variables (air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture). CO2 flux was measured continuously from March 2019 to February 2020 in the PDDF and SDDF sites in the Nakhon Ratchasima and Ratchaburi provinces of Thailand. Using the soil gradient method, CO2 probes were employed to measure average CO2 concentrations from Rs every minute in the both sites. Additionally, air and soil temperatures and soil moisture were measured continuously to analyze the correlation between Rs and environmental variables. The average annual soil respiration rate in PDDF and SDDF were 8.16 and 8.83 tons C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The diurnal variation of Rs in both sites changed according to air and soil temperatures. The monthly variation of the average Rs was lower in the PDDF site than in the SDDF site. Soil moisture and soil temperature were significantly correlated with the monthly variation of Rs in both sites. Rs in the PDDF and SDDF sites exhibited high emissions during the wet season, accounting for ~61 and 56% of the total annual emissions, respectively. The results indicated that soil and air temperatures were the main drivers of diurnal variation, while the combination of soil moisture and soil and air temperatures determined the seasonal variations. Additionally, litterfall production was the main carbon substrate promoting soil respiration in the SDDF site, as litterfall production was significantly lower in the PDDF site (5.32 tons dry matter ha−1 yr−1) than in the SDDF site (10.49 tons dry matter ha−1 yr−1).","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1412075
T. Oluwajuwon, R. Chazdon, L. Ota, Nestor Gregorio, J. Herbohn
Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) is a set of restoration strategies and interventions primarily based on natural regeneration, aimed at accelerating succession and providing multiple benefits in degraded ecosystems and landscapes. These strategies have the potential to significantly contribute to global Forest and Landscape Restoration efforts. However, ANR faces challenges due to limited recognition, support, and formal integration into relevant sectors and restoration policies, particularly in tropical regions. The dearth of evidence-based syntheses further compounds these challenges. To address this gap, a bibliometric analysis of selected scientific publications on ANR (n = 208) from 1987 to 2023 was conducted, using Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. A systematic review was undertaken, using a subset of original research articles (n = 44), to synthesize published data on interventions, contexts, costs, and benefits of ANR and to identify major knowledge gaps. Analysis of bibliometric metadata revealed an increasing annual output of ANR publications in over 80 journals, encompassing various document types and authors from over 40 countries. Despite ANR’s formal emergence in the Philippines, Brazil has taken the lead in both its research and implementation, and international collaboration in ANR research has grown. While ANR research focused mostly on ecosystem services and ecological outcomes, social aspects have been poorly studied. Diverse ANR interventions align not only with ecological restoration but also with integrated land management, biodiversity conservation, forest and landscape restoration, and forest management. The cost-effectiveness of ANR implementation, especially in restoration for carbon storage, exhibited considerable variability when compared to active tree planting, and varied with intervention types, time, land use history, and long-term costs. This synthesis provides critical insights and evidence to enhance the effective integration of ANR into restoration and reforestation programs and policies.
{"title":"Bibliometric and literature synthesis on assisted natural regeneration: an evidence base for forest and landscape restoration in the tropics","authors":"T. Oluwajuwon, R. Chazdon, L. Ota, Nestor Gregorio, J. Herbohn","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1412075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1412075","url":null,"abstract":"Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) is a set of restoration strategies and interventions primarily based on natural regeneration, aimed at accelerating succession and providing multiple benefits in degraded ecosystems and landscapes. These strategies have the potential to significantly contribute to global Forest and Landscape Restoration efforts. However, ANR faces challenges due to limited recognition, support, and formal integration into relevant sectors and restoration policies, particularly in tropical regions. The dearth of evidence-based syntheses further compounds these challenges. To address this gap, a bibliometric analysis of selected scientific publications on ANR (n = 208) from 1987 to 2023 was conducted, using Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. A systematic review was undertaken, using a subset of original research articles (n = 44), to synthesize published data on interventions, contexts, costs, and benefits of ANR and to identify major knowledge gaps. Analysis of bibliometric metadata revealed an increasing annual output of ANR publications in over 80 journals, encompassing various document types and authors from over 40 countries. Despite ANR’s formal emergence in the Philippines, Brazil has taken the lead in both its research and implementation, and international collaboration in ANR research has grown. While ANR research focused mostly on ecosystem services and ecological outcomes, social aspects have been poorly studied. Diverse ANR interventions align not only with ecological restoration but also with integrated land management, biodiversity conservation, forest and landscape restoration, and forest management. The cost-effectiveness of ANR implementation, especially in restoration for carbon storage, exhibited considerable variability when compared to active tree planting, and varied with intervention types, time, land use history, and long-term costs. This synthesis provides critical insights and evidence to enhance the effective integration of ANR into restoration and reforestation programs and policies.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1441266
Selva Dhandapani, Catherine M. Yule, Julia Drewer
{"title":"Editorial: Biogeochemical and biodiversity impacts of oil palm land-use in Southeast Asia","authors":"Selva Dhandapani, Catherine M. Yule, Julia Drewer","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1441266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1441266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"59 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crown width (CW) is a significant variable of tree growth, but measuring crown width is laborious and time-consuming. Diameter at breast height (D) is a commonly used growth variable in crown width prediction. Here, a CW-D model was developed to estimate the crown width of larch.The data of 1,515 larch trees were collected in Guandi mountain, the northern China. We chose linear function, quadratic function, and other form of base functions to develop the CW models, and we introduced non-linear least squares techniques (NLS), non-linear mixed-effect (NLME), and Bayesian method in modeling process. Because the data was from different plot, we added a plot level random effect in NLME method to predict the effect from environment. For equally comparing the Bayesian method with the NLME, we also added the plot level random effect to the Bayesian MCMC procedure. We selected Akaike's information criterion and logarithm likelihood to evaluate NLS and NLME models, and chose deviance information criterion and stationary test to test Bayesian method. These methods had another three same indicators (the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute deviation) in model evaluation.Heteroskedasticity wasn't occurred in this study. The model I.2 (quadratic formula) showed a best fitting effect in each method, and Bayesian method with random effect was slightly superior than other methods. Therefore, the selected final model was quadratic function by Bayesian method with plot level random effect, this combination had the highest prediction accuracy in the larch trees' crown width estimation of Guandi mountain.
{"title":"The comparison of the Bayesian method with the classical methods in modeling crown width for Prince Rupprecht larch in northern China","authors":"Liang Hong, Mengxi Wang, Linyan Feng, Guangshuang Duan, Liyong Fu, Xiyue Wang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1405639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1405639","url":null,"abstract":"Crown width (CW) is a significant variable of tree growth, but measuring crown width is laborious and time-consuming. Diameter at breast height (D) is a commonly used growth variable in crown width prediction. Here, a CW-D model was developed to estimate the crown width of larch.The data of 1,515 larch trees were collected in Guandi mountain, the northern China. We chose linear function, quadratic function, and other form of base functions to develop the CW models, and we introduced non-linear least squares techniques (NLS), non-linear mixed-effect (NLME), and Bayesian method in modeling process. Because the data was from different plot, we added a plot level random effect in NLME method to predict the effect from environment. For equally comparing the Bayesian method with the NLME, we also added the plot level random effect to the Bayesian MCMC procedure. We selected Akaike's information criterion and logarithm likelihood to evaluate NLS and NLME models, and chose deviance information criterion and stationary test to test Bayesian method. These methods had another three same indicators (the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute deviation) in model evaluation.Heteroskedasticity wasn't occurred in this study. The model I.2 (quadratic formula) showed a best fitting effect in each method, and Bayesian method with random effect was slightly superior than other methods. Therefore, the selected final model was quadratic function by Bayesian method with plot level random effect, this combination had the highest prediction accuracy in the larch trees' crown width estimation of Guandi mountain.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1422165
Alessandro Di Fabio, Valentina Buttò, Debojyoti Chakraborty, Gregory A. O’Neill, Silvio Schueler, Juergen Kreyling
Climate change is expected to outpace the rate at which populations of forest trees can migrate. Hence, in forestry there is growing interest in intervention strategies such as assisted migration to mitigate climate change impacts. However, until now the primary focus when evaluating candidates for assisted migration has been mean or maximum performance. We explore phenotypic plasticity as a potentially new avenue to help maintain the viability of species and populations in the face of climate change. Capitalizing on large, multi-site international provenance trials of four economically and ecologically important forest tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta), we quantify growth stability as the width of the response function relating provenance growth performance and trial site climate. We found significant differences in growth stability among species, with P. engelmannii being considerably more stable than the other three species. Additionally, we found no relationship between growth performance and growth stability of provenances, indicating that there are fast-growing provenances with a broad climate optimum. In two of the four species, provenances’ growth stability showed a significant relationship with the climate of the seed source, the direction of which depends on the species. When taken together with data on growth performance in different climate conditions, a measure of growth stability can improve the choice of species and provenances to minimize future risks in forest restoration and reforestation.
{"title":"Climatic conditions at provenance origin influence growth stability to changes in climate in two major tree species","authors":"Alessandro Di Fabio, Valentina Buttò, Debojyoti Chakraborty, Gregory A. O’Neill, Silvio Schueler, Juergen Kreyling","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1422165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1422165","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is expected to outpace the rate at which populations of forest trees can migrate. Hence, in forestry there is growing interest in intervention strategies such as assisted migration to mitigate climate change impacts. However, until now the primary focus when evaluating candidates for assisted migration has been mean or maximum performance. We explore phenotypic plasticity as a potentially new avenue to help maintain the viability of species and populations in the face of climate change. Capitalizing on large, multi-site international provenance trials of four economically and ecologically important forest tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta), we quantify growth stability as the width of the response function relating provenance growth performance and trial site climate. We found significant differences in growth stability among species, with P. engelmannii being considerably more stable than the other three species. Additionally, we found no relationship between growth performance and growth stability of provenances, indicating that there are fast-growing provenances with a broad climate optimum. In two of the four species, provenances’ growth stability showed a significant relationship with the climate of the seed source, the direction of which depends on the species. When taken together with data on growth performance in different climate conditions, a measure of growth stability can improve the choice of species and provenances to minimize future risks in forest restoration and reforestation.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1337535
S. A. Suab, Hitesh Supe, A. S. Louw, A. Korom, Mohd Rashid Mohd Rakib, Yong Bin Wong, Ricky Anak Kemarau, Ram Avtar
The assessment of environmental sustainability is of utmost importance for the forests and plantations in Borneo, given the critical need for environmental protection through the identification and mitigation of potential risks. This study was conducted to assess the environmental sustainability of tropical forest and plantations landscape, a case study in northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Applications of the latest high-resolution multi-sensor remote sensing and geospatial MCDA are cost-effective and useful for large-scale environmental sustainability assessment. The land use land cover (LULC) of the study area was mapped with synergistic use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical and high-resolution PlanetScope satellite imageries, resulting in overall accuracy of 87.24%. Five sustainability indicator layers: slope erosion protection, river buffer, landscape connectivity and quality, high conservation value (HCV), and water turbidity were developed from the LULC map, ancillary datasets of SRTM, and forest operation basemap with reference to standards from the Environment Protection Department (EPD), Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), and Forest Management Plan (FMP) for the analysis using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. The results revealed that overall, the study areas are in the high sustainability category at 61%, medium at 31%, and low at only 8%. We analyzed the environmental sustainability of five land use boundaries, and the results showed that Industrial Tree Plantations (ITP) and Village Reserve are mostly in the high category. Meanwhile, oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, and forest reserve (FR) are the majority in the medium category. Both oil palm and rubber plantations are a majority in the medium class due to monocropping land use type having low landscape connectivity and quality individual sustainability indicator layer. The study presented the concept of use of multi-sensor remote sensing for LULC mapping with geospatial MCDA for environmental sustainability assessment useful to stakeholders for improving the management plan also contributing toward the progress of achieving UNSDGs and addressing REDD+.
{"title":"Assessing Borneo’s tropical forests and plantations: a multi-sensor remote sensing and geospatial MCDA approach to environmental sustainability","authors":"S. A. Suab, Hitesh Supe, A. S. Louw, A. Korom, Mohd Rashid Mohd Rakib, Yong Bin Wong, Ricky Anak Kemarau, Ram Avtar","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1337535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1337535","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of environmental sustainability is of utmost importance for the forests and plantations in Borneo, given the critical need for environmental protection through the identification and mitigation of potential risks. This study was conducted to assess the environmental sustainability of tropical forest and plantations landscape, a case study in northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Applications of the latest high-resolution multi-sensor remote sensing and geospatial MCDA are cost-effective and useful for large-scale environmental sustainability assessment. The land use land cover (LULC) of the study area was mapped with synergistic use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical and high-resolution PlanetScope satellite imageries, resulting in overall accuracy of 87.24%. Five sustainability indicator layers: slope erosion protection, river buffer, landscape connectivity and quality, high conservation value (HCV), and water turbidity were developed from the LULC map, ancillary datasets of SRTM, and forest operation basemap with reference to standards from the Environment Protection Department (EPD), Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), and Forest Management Plan (FMP) for the analysis using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. The results revealed that overall, the study areas are in the high sustainability category at 61%, medium at 31%, and low at only 8%. We analyzed the environmental sustainability of five land use boundaries, and the results showed that Industrial Tree Plantations (ITP) and Village Reserve are mostly in the high category. Meanwhile, oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, and forest reserve (FR) are the majority in the medium category. Both oil palm and rubber plantations are a majority in the medium class due to monocropping land use type having low landscape connectivity and quality individual sustainability indicator layer. The study presented the concept of use of multi-sensor remote sensing for LULC mapping with geospatial MCDA for environmental sustainability assessment useful to stakeholders for improving the management plan also contributing toward the progress of achieving UNSDGs and addressing REDD+.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1435659
Nandan Singh, Amit Mittal, Ashish Tewari, Shruti Shah, Z. A. Wani, Sazada Siddiqui
Abies spectabilis (East Himalayan Fir), a dominant timber-producing species in the Himalayas, plays a dynamic role in ecological balance and sustains various habitats across temperate to subalpine altitudes. Himalayan montane forests express signs of changes in the growth, regeneration, and population density of forest tree species due to ongoing climate change, including its upper distribution limit. The research was conducted at 30°11´02˝N and 79°39′36˝E, ranging from 3,100 to 3,500 m asl elevation in the treeline ecotone of western Himalaya. The study presents a comprehensive perspective on how water availability and its intricate interactions with climatic and ecological variables shape the dynamics of treeline ecosystems. The study’s phytosociological analysis of treeline sites revealed the complex interplay between species composition, adaptability, and regeneration potential. The eco-physiological aspects of water balance were thoroughly explored, underscoring how plants employ various strategies to cope with changing water availability. The soil moisture content ranged from 32.17 to 73.50%. The dynamic nature of water potential (pre-dawn (ΨPD) and mid-day (ΨMD)) across seasons and years reflects and varies between −0.13 and − 1.25 MPa, the species’ ability to adjust and manage water balance according to environmental shifts. Osmotic potential at full turgor varied from −0.72 to −1.77 MPa, these adjustments are crucial for key life cycle events of vegetative and reproductive phases of species. The strong correlation of water potential (Ψ) and phenophases emphasizes the importance of water status in regulating these vital processes. Furthermore, the study delved into the maturation and germination processes, highlighting the significance of Ψ and moisture content in seed development and germination success. The maximum germination of 46.33% was observed when the seed moisture content was 30.90 ± 3.11%. The observed correlations between cone characteristics and seed parameters indicate the existence of trade-offs that impact seed size, weight, and germination capacity, contributing to the overall fitness of the species.
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