Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology最新文献

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Basophils in atopic dermatitis 嗜碱性粒细胞在特应性皮炎中的免疫学作用和临床意义。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.005

Mrinmoy Das PhD , Raif S. Geha MD

Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by dysfunction of the epidermal skin barrier causing increased sensitization to environmental allergens. The resulting type 2-dominated local and systemic immune responses cause epidermal hyperplasia, dermal infiltration by T cells and eosinophilia, and elevated levels of total and allergen‐specific IgE. In addition, the skin of patients with AD is often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus which correlates with diseases severity. Recent emerging studies highlight a significant role for basophils in both local and systemic responses of AD pathogenesis. Although rare in the circulation, basophils rapidly infiltrate inflamed skin, and on activation, they release IL-4 and IL-13, which are key players in the development of AD. They also secrete mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and IL-31 which contribute to inflammation and pruritus. Basophils also influence through their production of IL-4 T-cell polarization and B-cell class switching, supporting systemic sensitization and the development of atopic march. Basophils are gaining recognition as clinically actionable contributors to AD. The basophil activation test, which measures the activation of basophils in the blood in response to specific allergens, offers promising tools for assessing AD pathogenesis and response to treatment. In addition, therapies such as dupilumab, tralokinumab, and nemolizumab which target IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31, respectively, likely exert part of their effect by modulating basophil activity. In this review, we summarize the immunologic functions of basophils in AD pathogenesis, discuss their relevance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and outline future directions for integrating basophil-focused strategies in the management of patients with AD.

特应性皮炎（AD）或湿疹是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，其特征是表皮皮肤屏障功能障碍，导致对环境过敏原的敏感性增加。由此产生的2型主导的局部和全身免疫反应导致表皮增生，T细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的真皮浸润，总IgE和过敏原特异性IgE水平升高。此外，AD患者的皮肤常定植金黄色葡萄球菌，这与疾病的严重程度有关。最近新出现的研究强调了嗜碱性细胞在AD发病机制的局部和全身反应中的重要作用。虽然在循环中很少见，但嗜碱性细胞迅速浸润炎症皮肤，并在激活后释放IL-4和IL-13，这是AD发展的关键因素。它们还会分泌组胺、白三烯和IL-31等导致炎症和瘙痒的介质。嗜碱性粒细胞还通过产生IL-4 T细胞极化和B细胞类别转换来影响，支持全身致敏和特应性进行的发展。嗜碱性粒细胞被认为是阿尔茨海默病的临床可操作的贡献者。嗜碱性粒细胞激活试验，测量血液中嗜碱性粒细胞对特定过敏原的激活，为评估AD的发病机制和治疗反应提供了有希望的工具。此外，dupilumab、tralokinumab和nemolizumab等分别靶向IL-4、IL-13和IL-31的疗法可能通过调节嗜碱性粒细胞活性来发挥部分作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了嗜碱性粒细胞在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的免疫功能，讨论了它们作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的相关性，并概述了在阿尔茨海默病患者管理中整合以嗜碱性粒细胞为重点的策略的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

New advances in our understanding of itch 我们对瘙痒理解的新进展

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.016

Francesca Levi-Schaffer PharmD, PhD , Donald Y.M. Leung MD, PhD

引用次数: 0

Who actually has asthma? The challenge of defining and diagnosing asthma 谁真的患有哮喘？定义和诊断哮喘的挑战

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.014

Meera R. Gupta MD , Theresa A. Bingemann MD

引用次数: 0

Reflective listening and response strategies to support families with food allergy–related mental health burden 支持有食物过敏相关心理健康负担家庭的反思性倾听和反应策略。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.010

Brinda Prasanna Kumar MBBS , Alexandria Brunkow PhD , Dominic Candido PhD , Karen S. Hsu Blatman MD, MBA , Marcus Shaker MD, MS

引用次数: 0

Interleukin-31 targeting and other novel drugs in itch 靶向il -31及其他治疗瘙痒的新药。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.007

Peter Olah PhD , Ulrike Raap MD , Bernhard Homey MD

Chronic pruritus is a debilitating symptom of several inflammatory skin conditions, presenting severe quality-of-life decreasing effects and major clinical challenges in terms of disease management. In the past decade, novel biological therapies have offered increasingly effective targeted interventions for the treatment of chronic pruritus, in which traditional approaches were often lacking or presented suboptimal safety profiles. However, recent advancements in the molecular characterization of sensory neuronal subsets helped to shed light on specific mechanisms of pruriception and thus have furthered our understanding of the peripheral nervous system and disease-relevant neuroimmune crosstalk. These developments have highlighted the targeting of interleukin-31, a major pruritus-associated cytokine, as a highly promising therapeutic target for chronic pruritus in inflammatory skin conditions. In this review, we therefore provide a focused overview of inflammatory conditions in which pruritus represents the major burden, the fundamental immune pathways, and sensory circuits involved, alongside the efficacies and safety profiles of novel therapies addressing chronic pruritus.

慢性瘙痒是几种炎症性皮肤病的衰弱症状，在疾病管理方面表现出严重的生活质量下降效应和主要的临床挑战。在过去的十年中，新型生物疗法为治疗慢性瘙痒症提供了越来越有效的靶向干预措施，而传统方法往往缺乏或呈现出次优的安全性。另一方面，最近在感觉神经元亚群分子表征方面的进展有助于阐明瘙痒感觉的特定机制，从而进一步加深了我们对周围神经系统和疾病相关的神经免疫串扰的理解。这些进展突出了靶向白介素-31，一种主要的瘙痒相关细胞因子，作为炎症性皮肤条件下慢性瘙痒的极有希望的治疗靶点。因此，在这篇综述中，我们提供了炎症条件的重点概述，其中瘙痒是主要的负担，基本的免疫途径和感觉回路，以及治疗慢性瘙痒的新疗法的有效性和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and genetic findings of individuals tested using the navigateAPDS genetic testing program 通过navigateAPDS基因检测计划测试的个体的临床和遗传发现。

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.07.015

Emily Campbell MD , Jenny Garkaby MD , Julia Upton MD , Nami Park PharmD , Mike Samad MD , Michelle Hogue MS , Joseph R. Harper PharmD , Anurag Relan MD , Heather McLaughlin PhD , Kelli W. Williams MD, MPH

Background

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), including activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta syndrome (APDS), are underdiagnosed due to factors including heterogenous clinical manifestations, lack of awareness, and limited genetic testing access. Genetic testing may establish the molecular diagnosis (MolDx) of numerous IEIs, which may result in management changes.

Objective

To investigate the clinical utility of the navigateAPDS sponsored program established to increase MolDx of APDS through broad genetic testing.

Methods

The eligibility criteria to receive sponsored testing included APDS clinical features.

Results

Between March 2021 and September 2024, a total of 7811 patients across the United States and Canada underwent genetic testing. The median age at time of testing was 33 (range, 0-89) years, and the most selected eligibility criterion was severe, recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Of the 630 patients who received a positive MolDx, 377 (60%) had disorder-associated clinical actionability; 73 (12%) had Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments available. The most identified IEIs included genetically defined common variable immune deficiency and APDS. Of the patients with variants in PIK3CD or PIK3R1, 35 received an APDS MolDx and 131 received a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Patients with APDS had a median age at time of symptom onset of 3 (range, 0-44) years and a median diagnostic delay of 13 (range, 0-50) years. Of the 13 APDS-causing variants identified, 5 were novel for APDS.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that broad genetic testing for IEIs is useful and may contribute to disease management changes and improved health outcomes. Variant identification and VUS resolution are crucial in elucidating the genetic contribution to the clinical spectrum of IEIs and APDS.

背景：先天性免疫错误（IEI），包括活化PI3Kδ综合征（APDS），由于临床表现异质性、缺乏认识和基因检测途径有限等因素，未被充分诊断。基因检测可以建立许多iei的分子诊断（MolDx），这可能导致管理的改变。目的：建立导航APDS赞助计划，通过广泛的基因检测提高APDS的MolDx；在这里，我们研究了它的临床应用。方法：接受赞助检测的资格标准包括APDS临床特征。结果：在2021年3月至2024年9月期间，美国和加拿大的7811名患者接受了基因检测。检测时的中位年龄为33岁（范围0-89岁），大多数选择的合格标准是严重的复发性肺感染。在接受MolDx阳性的630例患者中，377例（60%）具有与疾病相关的临床可操作性；73例（12%）有fda批准的治疗方法。最确定的iei包括遗传定义的常见可变免疫缺陷和APDS。在PIK3CD或PIK3R1变异的患者中，35人接受了APDS MolDx， 129人接受了不确定意义变异（VUS）。APDS患者出现症状时的中位年龄为3岁（范围0-44岁），诊断延迟的中位年龄为13年（范围0-50年）。在鉴定出的13种引起APDS的变异中，有5种是APDS的新变异。结论：这些发现表明，对iei进行广泛的基因检测是有用的，可能有助于改变疾病管理和改善健康结果。变异鉴定和VUS分辨率对于阐明iei和APDS临床谱的遗传贡献至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Pasta and bread wheats differ 面食和面包用小麦不同

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.09.027

Steve L. Taylor PhD

引用次数: 0

Reassessing global food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome trends 重新评估全球食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎综合征趋势

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.10.007

Abdul Qayum Khan MBBS , Tahir Ullah MBBS , Abdul Wahab MBBS , Maria Usman MBBS , Musadiq Islam MBBS

引用次数: 0

Practicing allergists at the forefront 在前线执业过敏症专家

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.09.011

Dan Dalan MD

引用次数: 0

“Ask and you shall receive”: Implications of sponsored genetic testing programs for inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) “要求你就会得到”：赞助基因检测项目对先天免疫缺陷（IEIs）的影响

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2025.11.021

Xiao P. Peng MD, PhD , Jahnavi Aluri PhD , Keith Sacco MD , Roshini S. Abraham PhD

引用次数: 0

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