{"title":"Nuptials captured in the time capsule","authors":"Shiqi Luo, Xin Zhou","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the transmission and spillover of zoonoses from reservoir hosts is essential in preventing future global pandemics. Bat flies, obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats, are known carriers of diverse viruses. Here, we conducted a de novo assembly of a chromosome-level genome for the bat fly species Phthiridium sp. Comparative genomic analysis unveiled genes associated with specialized traits, such as the loss of eyes and wings, as well as elongated legs, which have adapted to parasitism on the dense fur of bats. Utilizing small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, we identified a spectrum of known and previously unclassified viruses in bat flies. Notably, experimental evidence indicated that bat flies can also feed on mammalian hosts other than bats, suggesting the potential for the spillover of bat-borne viruses. Furthermore, we demonstrated the role of the bat fly's RNA interference pathway in influencing the diversity and evolution of viruses. In summary, this study not only presents a new genome catalog to unveil the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning bat fly parasitism, but also provides a novel research system that can be used to investigate the mechanisms of cross-species transmission of bat-borne viruses and the co-evolution of bats and viruses.
{"title":"Adaptive evolution of traits for parasitism and pathogen transmission potential in bat flies","authors":"Guangping Huang, Xing Liu, Xin Huang, Chuang Gao, Zhilin Wang, Junxia Li, Xiaocui Wei, Wen-Hua Yu, Yi Wu, Ying Liu, Jiang Feng, Yang Li, Fuwen Wei","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae245","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the transmission and spillover of zoonoses from reservoir hosts is essential in preventing future global pandemics. Bat flies, obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats, are known carriers of diverse viruses. Here, we conducted a de novo assembly of a chromosome-level genome for the bat fly species Phthiridium sp. Comparative genomic analysis unveiled genes associated with specialized traits, such as the loss of eyes and wings, as well as elongated legs, which have adapted to parasitism on the dense fur of bats. Utilizing small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, we identified a spectrum of known and previously unclassified viruses in bat flies. Notably, experimental evidence indicated that bat flies can also feed on mammalian hosts other than bats, suggesting the potential for the spillover of bat-borne viruses. Furthermore, we demonstrated the role of the bat fly's RNA interference pathway in influencing the diversity and evolution of viruses. In summary, this study not only presents a new genome catalog to unveil the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning bat fly parasitism, but also provides a novel research system that can be used to investigate the mechanisms of cross-species transmission of bat-borne viruses and the co-evolution of bats and viruses.","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"56 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanics guides the design of high-performance switchable adhesives","authors":"Kevin T Turner","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"34 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianxin Kang, Qi Hu, Ruixuan Zhang, Ang Gao, Zhongning Huang, Ziming Su, Ke Pei, Qinghua Zhang, Li-Min Liu, Renchao Che, Lin Gu, Er-Jia Guo, Lin Guo
Anisotropy is a significant and prevalent characteristic of materials, conferring orientation-dependent properties, meaning that the creation of original symmetry enables the key functionality that is not found in nature. Even with the advancements in atomic machining, synthesis of separated symmetry in different directions within a single structure remains an extraordinary challenge. Here, we successfully fabricate NiS ultrafine nanorods with separated symmetry along two directions. The atomic structure of the nanorod exhibits rotational symmetry in the radial direction, while its axial direction is characterized by divergent translational symmetry, surpassing the conventional crystalline structures known to date. It does not fit the traditional description of the space group and the point group in three dimensions, so we define it as a new structure in which translational symmetry and rotational symmetry are separated. Further corroborating the atomic symmetric separation in the electronic structure, we observed the combination of stripe and vortex magnetic domains in a single nanorod with different directions, in accordance with the atomic structure. The manipulation of nanostructure at the atomic level introduces a novel approach to regulate new properties finely, leading to the proposal of new nanotechnology mechanisms.
{"title":"NiS ultrafine nanorod with translational and rotational symmetry","authors":"Jianxin Kang, Qi Hu, Ruixuan Zhang, Ang Gao, Zhongning Huang, Ziming Su, Ke Pei, Qinghua Zhang, Li-Min Liu, Renchao Che, Lin Gu, Er-Jia Guo, Lin Guo","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Anisotropy is a significant and prevalent characteristic of materials, conferring orientation-dependent properties, meaning that the creation of original symmetry enables the key functionality that is not found in nature. Even with the advancements in atomic machining, synthesis of separated symmetry in different directions within a single structure remains an extraordinary challenge. Here, we successfully fabricate NiS ultrafine nanorods with separated symmetry along two directions. The atomic structure of the nanorod exhibits rotational symmetry in the radial direction, while its axial direction is characterized by divergent translational symmetry, surpassing the conventional crystalline structures known to date. It does not fit the traditional description of the space group and the point group in three dimensions, so we define it as a new structure in which translational symmetry and rotational symmetry are separated. Further corroborating the atomic symmetric separation in the electronic structure, we observed the combination of stripe and vortex magnetic domains in a single nanorod with different directions, in accordance with the atomic structure. The manipulation of nanostructure at the atomic level introduces a novel approach to regulate new properties finely, leading to the proposal of new nanotechnology mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over a thousand years, the Meiyu-Baiu have shaped the uniqueness of natural resources, civilization and culture in the Yangtze River Basin of China and the main islands of Japan. In recent decades, frequent rainstorms and droughts have seemingly diminished the misty features of traditional Meiyu-Baiu rainfall. However, there is still no consensus on whether their traditional nature is suspended. In this study, we quantitatively demonstrate that the Meiyu-Baiu have almost completely lost their traditional features during 1961–2023, and about 80% of which can be attributed to anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, in a warmer future, traditional Meiyu-Baiu will be more difficult to appear. This study underscores the urgency in adapting to climate shift, because destructive extremes are measurably taking the place of the mild and maternal rains.
{"title":"Traditional Meiyu-Baiu has been suspended by global warming","authors":"Zhicong Yin, Xiaolei Song, Botao Zhou, Wenhao Jiang, Huopo Chen, Huijun Wang","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae166","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over a thousand years, the Meiyu-Baiu have shaped the uniqueness of natural resources, civilization and culture in the Yangtze River Basin of China and the main islands of Japan. In recent decades, frequent rainstorms and droughts have seemingly diminished the misty features of traditional Meiyu-Baiu rainfall. However, there is still no consensus on whether their traditional nature is suspended. In this study, we quantitatively demonstrate that the Meiyu-Baiu have almost completely lost their traditional features during 1961–2023, and about 80% of which can be attributed to anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, in a warmer future, traditional Meiyu-Baiu will be more difficult to appear. This study underscores the urgency in adapting to climate shift, because destructive extremes are measurably taking the place of the mild and maternal rains.","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuo Ye, Xiaomiao Tan, Rui Gao, Qiusheng Li, Hongshuang Zhang, Xiaoyang Wu, Wenhui Li, Yingkang Li
The phase of secular evolution of continents is manifested as the degree of compositional differentiation, modification, and maturation of continental crusts, which is vital in understanding the mechanism of continental evolution but is difficult to quantify. Here we use integrated passive- and active-source seismic profiling to conduct joint analysis and inversion and derive Vs and Vp/Vs section models across the North China craton (NCC) to southeastern Altaids boundary zone that bears a tectonic transition from a reworked ancient craton margin to a Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. We systematically exploited the imaged multiple physical properties as precise and delicate proxies to constrain the compositional architecture in the crust across this important tectonic transition subject to various crustal evolutional phases. Our Vs and Vp/Vs imaging, together with the existing isotopic data, characterizes the Yin Shan-Yan Shan belt as the northern NCC margin with layered homogeneous compositions that point to an evolved crust. However, the lower-crustal low-Vs/high-Vp/Vs signature that overlaps the shallowly dipping to horizontal reflective fabrics suggests the crust of the northern NCC margin has undergone considerable reworking through lower-crustal-stretching assisted melt migration and mixing since the late-Paleozoic to Mesozoic era. The process probably involved crust-mantle interaction and thus resulted in a compositionally modified ancient crustal basement. On the contrary, the southeastern Altaids domain manifests crustal complexity in compositions and structures inferred to be indicative of a juvenile crust of the Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. Our results provide deep physical-property constraints that shed new light on the crustal evolution of a complex craton margin.
{"title":"Constraints on crustal compositional architecture across the North China-Altaids transition and implications for craton margin reworking","authors":"Zhuo Ye, Xiaomiao Tan, Rui Gao, Qiusheng Li, Hongshuang Zhang, Xiaoyang Wu, Wenhui Li, Yingkang Li","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae171","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The phase of secular evolution of continents is manifested as the degree of compositional differentiation, modification, and maturation of continental crusts, which is vital in understanding the mechanism of continental evolution but is difficult to quantify. Here we use integrated passive- and active-source seismic profiling to conduct joint analysis and inversion and derive Vs and Vp/Vs section models across the North China craton (NCC) to southeastern Altaids boundary zone that bears a tectonic transition from a reworked ancient craton margin to a Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. We systematically exploited the imaged multiple physical properties as precise and delicate proxies to constrain the compositional architecture in the crust across this important tectonic transition subject to various crustal evolutional phases. Our Vs and Vp/Vs imaging, together with the existing isotopic data, characterizes the Yin Shan-Yan Shan belt as the northern NCC margin with layered homogeneous compositions that point to an evolved crust. However, the lower-crustal low-Vs/high-Vp/Vs signature that overlaps the shallowly dipping to horizontal reflective fabrics suggests the crust of the northern NCC margin has undergone considerable reworking through lower-crustal-stretching assisted melt migration and mixing since the late-Paleozoic to Mesozoic era. The process probably involved crust-mantle interaction and thus resulted in a compositionally modified ancient crustal basement. On the contrary, the southeastern Altaids domain manifests crustal complexity in compositions and structures inferred to be indicative of a juvenile crust of the Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. Our results provide deep physical-property constraints that shed new light on the crustal evolution of a complex craton margin.","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian- Yu Jiao, Rashidin Abdugheni, Dao-Feng Zhang, Iftikhar Ahmed, Mukhtiar Ali, M. Chuvochina, S. Dedysh, Xiuzhu Dong, M. Göker, B. Hedlund, Philip Hugenholtz, K. Jangid, Shuang-jiang Liu, E. R. Moore, M. Rao, A. Oren, Ramon Rossello-Mora, B. Rekadwad, Nimaichand Salam, Wensheng Shu, Iain Sutcliffe, Wee Fei Aaron Teo, Martha E. Trujillo, S. Venter, William B. Whitman, Guoping Zhao, Wen-Jun Li
Prokaryotes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, important for human health and drive diverse biological and environmental processes. Systematics of prokaryotes, whose origins can be traced to the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century, has transitioned from a phenotype-based classification to a more comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy and eventually to the current genome-based taxonomic approach. This transition aligns with a foundational shift from studies focused on phenotypic traits that have limited comparative value to those using genome sequences. In this context, Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB) and Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) play a pivotal role in guiding prokaryotic systematics. This review focuses on the historical development of prokaryotic systematics with a focus on the roles of BMSAB and BISMiS. We also explore significant contributions and achievements by microbiologists, highlight the latest progress in the field, and anticipate challenges and opportunities within prokaryotic systematics. Additionally, we outline five focal points of BISMiS that are aimed at addressing these challenges. In conclusion, our collaborative effort seeks to enhance ongoing advancements in prokaryotic systematics, ensuring its continued relevance and innovative characters in the contemporary landscape of genomics and bioinformatics.
{"title":"Advancements in prokaryotic systematics and the role of Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) in addressing challenges in the meta-data era","authors":"Jian- Yu Jiao, Rashidin Abdugheni, Dao-Feng Zhang, Iftikhar Ahmed, Mukhtiar Ali, M. Chuvochina, S. Dedysh, Xiuzhu Dong, M. Göker, B. Hedlund, Philip Hugenholtz, K. Jangid, Shuang-jiang Liu, E. R. Moore, M. Rao, A. Oren, Ramon Rossello-Mora, B. Rekadwad, Nimaichand Salam, Wensheng Shu, Iain Sutcliffe, Wee Fei Aaron Teo, Martha E. Trujillo, S. Venter, William B. Whitman, Guoping Zhao, Wen-Jun Li","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prokaryotes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, important for human health and drive diverse biological and environmental processes. Systematics of prokaryotes, whose origins can be traced to the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century, has transitioned from a phenotype-based classification to a more comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy and eventually to the current genome-based taxonomic approach. This transition aligns with a foundational shift from studies focused on phenotypic traits that have limited comparative value to those using genome sequences. In this context, Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB) and Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) play a pivotal role in guiding prokaryotic systematics. This review focuses on the historical development of prokaryotic systematics with a focus on the roles of BMSAB and BISMiS. We also explore significant contributions and achievements by microbiologists, highlight the latest progress in the field, and anticipate challenges and opportunities within prokaryotic systematics. Additionally, we outline five focal points of BISMiS that are aimed at addressing these challenges. In conclusion, our collaborative effort seeks to enhance ongoing advancements in prokaryotic systematics, ensuring its continued relevance and innovative characters in the contemporary landscape of genomics and bioinformatics.","PeriodicalId":507754,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"124 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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