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Self-doubled laser emission in an organic system 有机系统中的自倍频激光发射
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008006
A. Barsella, F. May, J. Vola, A. Fort, S. Sanaur, A. Attias, M. Lefèbvre, E. Rosencher
We report a theoretical and experimental study of the self-doubling properties of a solution composed of a laser dye and a nonlinear optical chromophore. The basic idea is to create a system which is able to generate a second-harmonic component from the stimulated emission of the dye. A self-doubled laser source has been built using a solution containg commercial compounds, Disperse Red 1 (chromophore) and LDS821 (dye).
本文报道了一种由激光染料和非线性光学发色团组成的溶液的自倍性的理论和实验研究。其基本思想是创建一个系统,该系统能够从染料的受激辐射中产生二次谐波成分。利用含有商业化合物、分散红1(发色团)和LDS821(染料)的溶液,建立了一个自倍频激光源。
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引用次数: 0
Slow light induced by stimulated Raman scattering on spatial Kerr soliton 空间克尔孤子上受激拉曼散射诱导的慢光
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008018
J. Michaud, G. Fanjoux, H. Maillotte, L. Furfaro, T. Sylvestre
We present numerical and experimental results demonstrating the slow light effect induced by the sharp resonance of the Raman gain on a spatial Raman soliton in a Kerr planar waveguide.
本文用数值和实验结果证明了在克尔平面波导中空间拉曼孤子上拉曼增益的尖锐共振所引起的慢光效应。
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引用次数: 3
Towards correlating Raman excitation profile and electron diffraction of the same single carbon nanotube 同一碳纳米管的拉曼激发谱与电子衍射的关联研究
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008025
M. Kobylko, A. Bonnot, A. Walker, A. Richard, M. Kociak, A. Débarre
We present the first results of a study combining electron diffraction analysis and Raman resonance excitation profile on the identical, suspended single wall carbon nanotube. Both methods give access to the diameter of the tube, which allows cross-checking. The characterization of the tube is completed by the determination of the transition energy E ii , and the chirality, allowing a precise comparison with theoretical models.
我们提出了一项结合电子衍射分析和拉曼共振激发谱的研究的第一个结果,在相同的,悬浮的单壁碳纳米管上。这两种方法都可以获得管的直径,从而允许交叉检查。通过确定过渡能E ii和手性来完成管的表征,允许与理论模型进行精确的比较。
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引用次数: 0
Crack propagation in disordered materials: how to decipher fracture surfaces 无序材料中的裂纹扩展:如何破译断裂面
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008044
L. Ponson, I. Procaccia, Michel Rosso, Stéphane Roux
For a half-century, engineers know how to describe and predict the propagation of a crack in a model elastic homogeneous medium. The case of real materials is much more complex. Indeed, we do not know how to relate their lifetime or their resistance to their microstructure. To achieve such a prediction, understanding the role of the microstructural disorder on the behavior of a crack is determinant. Fracture surfaces represent a promising field of investigation to address this question. From the study of various disordered materials, we propose a statistical description of their roughness and determine to which extent their properties are dependent of the material. We show that fracture surfaces display an anisotropic scale invariant geometry characterized by two universal exponents. Glass ceramics is then studied because its microstructure can be tuned in a controlled manner. Their fracture surfaces display the same general anisotropic properties but with surprisingly low exponents independent of the detail of the ceramics microstructure. This suggests the existence of a second universality class in failure problems. Using finally theoretical tools from out-of-equilibrium statistical physics and fracture mechanics, we relate the statistical properties of fracture surfaces with the mechanisms occurring at the microscopic scale during the failure of a material. In particular, we show that the first class of fracture surfaces results from a failure involving damage processes while the second one results from a perfectly brittle failure.
半个世纪以来,工程师们知道如何描述和预测模型弹性均匀介质中裂纹的扩展。真实材料的情况要复杂得多。事实上,我们不知道如何将它们的寿命或电阻与它们的微观结构联系起来。为了实现这样的预测,理解微观结构紊乱对裂纹行为的作用是决定性的。裂缝表面是解决这一问题的一个很有前途的研究领域。从对各种无序材料的研究中,我们提出了对其粗糙度的统计描述,并确定了它们的性质在多大程度上取决于材料。结果表明,裂缝表面呈现出由两个普适指数表征的各向异性尺度不变几何形状。然后研究玻璃陶瓷,因为它的微观结构可以以一种可控的方式调谐。它们的断口表面显示出相同的一般各向异性,但令人惊讶的是,与陶瓷微观结构细节无关的指数很低。这表明在失效问题中存在第二个普适性类。最后,利用非平衡统计物理和断裂力学的理论工具,我们将断裂表面的统计特性与材料失效过程中微观尺度上发生的机制联系起来。特别是,我们表明第一类断裂面是由涉及损伤过程的破坏造成的,而第二类是由完全脆性破坏造成的。
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引用次数: 35
High-Q whispering gallery modes in pillar microcavities 柱状微腔中的高q低语通道模式
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008023
Y. Nowicki-Bringuier, J. Claudon, C. Böckler, S. Reitzenstein, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, J. Gerard
We report the observation of high- Q whispering gallery modes ( Q > 10 000) in GaAs/AlAs pillar microcavities containing InAs quantum dots as an internal probe. A simple model based on the effective index method describes precisely the evolution of the free spectral range with the pillar diameter.
我们报道了在含有InAs量子点作为内部探针的GaAs/AlAs柱微腔中观察到的高Q窃窃廊模式(Q > 10000)。基于有效折射率法的简单模型准确地描述了自由光谱范围随柱径的演变。
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引用次数: 0
From optical to terahertz, frequency metrology with a single ion 从光学到太赫兹,单离子频率计量
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008002
C. Champenois, G. Hagel, M. Houssin, M. Knoop, M. Vedel, C. Zumsteg, F. Vedel
This talk presents experimental realisations towards an optical frequency standard based on a single trapped calcium ion. These realizations concern the control on the ion motion in the radiofrequency trap and the frequency stabilization of the clock laser. Finally, new perspectives opened by a three photon coherent process in trapped ions are studied in the prospect of terahertz metrology.
本讲座介绍了基于单个捕获钙离子的光学频率标准的实验实现。这些实现涉及射频阱中离子运动的控制和时钟激光器的频率稳定。最后,对捕获离子中的三光子相干过程开辟了太赫兹计量的新前景进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
Efficiency of 2-photon polychromatic laser guide stars 双光子多色激光导星的效率
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2008011
H. G. D. Chatellus, J. Pique
Polychromatic laser guide stars (PLGS) are created by resonant excitation of the mesospheric sodium by two pulsed lasers at 589 nm and 569 nm respectively. The efficiency of this process is investigated numerically by means of both Bloch equations and rate equations models. The influence of numerous laser parameters is studied. For 2×25 W laser average power the return flux is below 105 photons/s/m2. [less]
用两束波长分别为589 nm和569 nm的脉冲激光共振激发中间层钠形成多色激光导星(PLGS)。采用Bloch方程和速率方程模型对这一过程的效率进行了数值研究。研究了多种激光参数的影响。当激光平均功率为2×25 W时,返回通量低于105光子/s/m2。(少)
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引用次数: 0
Interactions between electrons, mesoscopic Josephson effect and asymmetric current fluctuations 电子之间的相互作用,介观约瑟夫森效应和不对称电流波动
Pub Date : 2006-09-22 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2007002
B. Huard
This thesis discusses three experiments on the properties of electronic transport at the mesoscopic scale. The first one allowed to measure the energy exchange rate between electrons in a metal contaminated by a very weak concentration of magnetic impurities. The role played by magnetic impurities in the Kondo regime on those energy exchanges is quantitatively investigated, and the global measured exchange rate is larger than expected. The second experiment is a measurement of the current-phase relation in a system made of two superconductors linked through a single atom. We thus provide quantitative support for the recent description of the mesoscopic Josephson effect. The last experiment is a measurement of the asymmetry of the current fluctuations in a mesoscopic conductor, using a Josephson junction as a threshold detector.
本文讨论了介观尺度下电子输运性质的三个实验。第一种方法可以测量被极弱浓度的磁性杂质污染的金属中电子之间的能量交换速率。定量研究了近藤体系中磁性杂质对这些能量交换的作用,全球测量的交换率比预期的要大。第二个实验是测量由两个超导体通过单个原子连接而成的系统中的电流相关系。因此,我们为最近介观Josephson效应的描述提供了定量支持。最后一个实验是测量介观导体中电流波动的不对称性,使用约瑟夫森结作为阈值检测器。
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引用次数: 8
Mesoscopics of ultrasound and seismic waves: application to passive imaging 超声和地震波介观:在被动成像中的应用
Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2007001
É. Larose
This manuscript deals with different aspects of the propagation of acoustic and seismic waves in heterogeneous media, both simply and multiply scattering ones. After a short introduction on conventional imaging techniques, we describe two observations that demonstrate the presence of multiple scattering in seismic records: the equipartition principle, and the coherent backscattering effect (Chap. 2). Multiple scattering is related to the mesoscopic nature of seismic and acoustic waves, and is a strong limitation for conventional techniques like medical or seismic imaging. In the following part of themanuscript (Chaps. 3–5), we present an application of mesoscopic physics to acoustic and seismic waves: the principle of passive imaging. By correlating records of ambient noise or diffuse waves obtained at two passive sensors, it is possible to reconstruct the impulse response of the medium as if a source was placed at one sensor. This provides the opportunity of doing acoustics and seismology without a source. Several aspects of this technique are presented here, starting with theoretical considerations and numerical simulations (Chaps. 3, 4). Then we present experimental applications (Chap. 5) to ultrasound (passive tomography of a layeredmedium) and to seismic waves (passive imaging of California, and the Moon, with micro-seismic noise).
本文讨论了声波和地震波在非均质介质中传播的不同方面,包括简单散射和多重散射。在简要介绍常规成像技术之后,我们描述了地震记录中存在多重散射的两个观测结果:均分原理和相干后向散射效应(第2章)。多重散射与地震波和声波的介观性质有关,是医学或地震成像等常规技术的一个严重限制。在本文的下一部分(3-5章)中,我们介绍了介观物理在声波和地震波中的应用:被动成像原理。通过将两个无源传感器获得的环境噪声或漫射波的记录相关联,就有可能重建介质的脉冲响应,就好像在一个传感器上放置了一个源一样。这就提供了在没有震源的情况下进行声学和地震学研究的机会。本文介绍了该技术的几个方面,从理论考虑和数值模拟(第3,4章)开始。然后我们介绍了超声波(层状介质的被动断层扫描)和地震波(加利福尼亚和月球的微地震噪声被动成像)的实验应用(第5章)。
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引用次数: 22
Nucléation, ascension et éclatement d'une bulle de champagne 香槟气泡的成核、上升和破裂
Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1051/ANPHYS:2006007
G. Liger-Belair
L'objectif general de ce travail consacre a l'etude des processus physicochimiques lies a l'effervescence des vins de Champagne etait de decortiquer les differentes etapes de la vie d'une bulle de champagne en conditions reelles de consommation, dans une flute. Nous resumons ci-apres les principaux resultats obtenus pour chacune des etapes de la vie de la bulle, depuis sa naissance sur les parois d'une flute, jusqu'a son eclatement en surface.
 Nucleation 
A l'aide d'une camera rapide munie d'un objectif de microscope, nous avons pu mettre a mal une idee largement repandue. Ce ne sont pas les anfractuosites de la surface du verre ou de la flute qui sont responsable de la nucleation heterogene des bulles, mais des particules adsorbees sur les parois du verre ou de la flute. Dans la majorite des cas, il s'agit de fibres de cellulose creuses dont les proprietes geometriques permettent le piegeage d'une poche d'air en leur sein au moment du versement. Un modele de piegeage a ete construit et met en avant le role fondamental joue par la vitesse du versement. Plus cette vitesse augmente, plus on augmente la probabilite de pieger des poches d'air au sein de ces fibres, provoquant ainsi une effervescence plus importante.
La dynamique de production des bulles a egalement ete filmee in situ a l'aide de la camera, puis modelisee en utilisant les equations de la diffusion adaptees a la geometrie de notre fibre supposee approximativement cylindrique. Nous avons montre que le temps caracteristique de production d'une bulle par la fibre est largement gouverne par la croissance de cette petite poche de gaz par diffusion du CO 2 dissous vers la poche. Nous avons demontre que la convection du liquide joue un role essentiel lors du transfert de masse du CO 2 dissous vers la poche. En effet, un modele purement diffusif ne permet pas du tout de reproduire la dynamique de croissance experimentale de ces poches de gaz piegees au cœur des fibres.
Nous avons egalement pu mettre en evidence des changements spectaculaires dans la dynamique de bullage de certains sites de nucleation suivis au cours du temps pendant le processus de degazage. Ces observations font de la fibre de cellulose immergee dans le champagne le plus petit systeme de bullage non-lineaire observe a ce jour.
 Dynamique ascensionnelle 
Pour mesurer la vitesse d'une bulle tout au long de son trajet vers la surface libre du champagne, nous avons tire profit de la production repetitive de bulles au niveau des sites de nucleation. Par la mise en place d'un dispositif experimental simple qui associe une lumiere stroboscopique et un appareil photographique muni de bagues macros, nous avons pu acceder a l'observation fine des trains de bulles ainsi qu'a la determination de la vitesse ascensionnelle des bulles. Les mesures experimentales du rayon et de la vitesse d'une bulle nous ont permis de determiner le coefficient de trainee d'une bulle montante qui constitue une mesure indirecte de son etat de surface en ter
因此,我们能够证明气泡破裂产生的液体喷射的存在,以及由于瑞利高原不稳定性的快速发展而破裂成液滴的存在。
petillement之间作为一个天生平行表面了香槟的气泡和“海洋”petillement专机。我们在1992年细萱表示,水滴更concentrees出席在材料表面活性剂(比心和潜在的芳香)液体的阶段。因此,在品尝香槟的过程中,气泡的爆裂似乎在增强香气的作用中起着至关重要的作用。
长达数秒之内支付flute的香槟,我们还有hi还原macrophotographiques和电影获得了高速d’eclatements单层(泡沫或泡沫筏子)。这些观察的第一个结果显示,第一个相邻的气泡的液体膜发生了壮观的变形,这些气泡被毛细血管吸力吸进了中心气泡破裂时留下的空腔。这些第一批图像表明,变形气泡薄膜中的应力要比孤立气泡破裂后存在的应力大得多。
我们还未能提供证据之间的结构性差异,下面的液体喷射泡沫l’eclatement isolees eclatent以及那些在一个泡沫筏子。
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引用次数: 21
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Annales De Physique
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