Annales de Paleontologie最新文献

While temnospondyl fossils have been relatively well documented in the Western world and Africa; research on temnospondyl fossils in South-East Asia and India has received less attention. Nonetheless, they add a substantial amount to the record of palaeobiogeographic distribution of the Triassic temnospondyl amphibians. During the Triassic, almost every temnospondyl family (aside from dissorophoids) was present in India. According to the findings, the assemblage and species diversity of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians peaked in the Early Triassic. With climatic stability and ecological saturation in the Middle and Late Triassic, diversification slowed down or gradually decreased. The Jaccard Similarity coefficient of the Triassic temnospondyl contents in South-East Asia and India shows an agreement in palaeobiogeography; the coefficients reflect the geography of Pangea. According to the Euler diagram, the junction of the Triassic temnospondyls in South-East Asia and India indicates that these regions of India did not have endemic Triassic temnospondyl populations.

Within the order Carnivora, mustelids represent the most diverse family worldwide, with a great ecomorphological diversity in terms of diet, size and locomotory adaptations. Among them, the subfamily Lutrinae corresponds to semiaquatic forms, in which the genus Lontra is included. Widely distributed at present day, this genus is represented by three species across South America (Lontra longicaudis, Lontra felina and Lontra provocax), however their fossil record in the continent is very scarce. In the present contribution, new fossil material assigned to the Neotropical otter Lontra cf. L. longicaudis are described from late Pleistocene – early Holocene (Lujanian Stage/Age) deposits of Uruguay (Sopas and Dolores formations). Based on these findings, some aspects related to the knowledge of the group, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental conditions are discussed.

In this study, the biostratigraphy of the reservoir sediments of the upper part of the Dalan Formation (Late Permian, Lopingian) and the reservoir part of the Kangan Formation (Early Triassic) from one of the well in the northern part of South Pars field are studied. The results of studies are presented as three local biozones recognized and defined. Based on these studies, a Late Permian age (Dorashamian/Changhsingian) for the upper Dalan Member an Early?—Middle Triassic age (Scythian?—Anisian) for the lower part of the Kangan Formation, suggested. Also, based on microfossils stratigraphical distribution, and studying succession and continuity of locally defined biozones, it was distinguished a hiatus between Dalan and Kangan formations. Therefore it could be mentioned that the Dorashmian age is the youngest part of the Dalan Formation.

Biogenic signatures in Precambrian rocks are often difficult to confirm and debatable. We present some unusual features associated with microbial-mat related structures (MRS) from the freshly-exposed rippled bed surface of 1.6 Ga old Chorhat Sandstone, Vindhyan Supergroup, India. The features discussed here, are present within intertidal to supratidal environments often affected by storms. One of the features includes ridge-groove couplets that run across the ripple crests. Locally, the ridge-groove couplet forms a braid-like pattern. Along the ripple troughs, the ridges are considerably long and maintain a uniform width on the mm scale. Another feature shows meandering grooves bordered by ridges. The grooves swerve, form loops, cut across older grooves, and branch up. None of them have comparable equivalents in the Precambrian record described thus far. The invariably uniform width of the ridges for both the two features cannot be compared with undersurface gas bubble migration, and the swerving and reversing nature of the grooves denies passive movement of any inorganic/organic masses under the influence of an external force. They seem to have been created by movement through a microbiota-rich surficial sediment. Such unusual features raise questions about the biosphere and biotic structures during the Boring Billion (1.8–0.8 Ga).

During the Palaeocene-Eocene transition, the southern Tethys margin is characterized by several African phosphate deposits with many fossil teeth of elasmobranchs. Contrary to the rich Moroccan fossil record, fossil elasmobranchs from the area that includes today the Algerian-Tunisian border (e.g. Metlaoui-Gafsa-Onk Basin) have received few attentation since the last century of exploration. New collecting in the vicinity of Tebessa, Eastern Algeria (Jebel El Onk mine) allowed to report a new elasmobranch fauna in the so-called “Upper Thanetian” level. It consists of 28 taxa including a new species of a galeocerdid, Physogaleus onkensis sp. nov., which is characterized by a possible crushing adaptability of their teeth. The majority of the reported species are known in coeval phosphate levels enabling preliminary conclusions about the depositional time and correlations to the related faunas of the region. The faunal from the Jebel El Onk mine is considered as late Thanetian–early Ypresian in age.

The lake of Tunis, located in northern Tunisia, is part of the coastal wetlands sensitive to climatic and anthropic variations. This fragile ecosystem was an open bay 190 ka BP ago. Today, it is separated from the Mediterranean by a sandy barrier fed mainly by the Madjerda wadi. This study, based on a multidisciplinary geological approach, examines the evolution of the dynamics of the Tunis Lake, as well as the recent environmental changes that control the sedimentation. Two cores LN1 (55 m) and LS1 (40 m) were collected in the alluvial deposits, respectively in the North-East and South-East of the Lake. These cores have been studied in detail to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of the sedimentary stock. The data from this study complemented by those from previous work allowed us to refine and establish spatio-temporal correlation scenarios of the sediments filling the Tunis lagoon. These correlations are established between the LN1 core and the core taken at the SE (LS1). Spatial and temporal monitoring of sediment deposition in these cores has revealed a general regressive evolutionary trend, from a frankly marine environment to a lagoon environment more or less communicating with the sea, from the Middle Pleistocene (an age between 159 and 205 ka) to the present Holocene. The identification of ostracod associations typical of open marine or lagoon environments and of benthic foraminifera associations of lagoon environments has allowed us to trace the history of the Tunis Lake over the last two millennia. It begins with an open marine environment (around 2030 years BP) followed by an open lagoon environment around 1700 years BP.

Late Cretaceous Torreites milovanovici, pertaining to Hippuritids (rudists) as marine heterodont bivalves, from SW Iran (northern Shiraz), is the centerpiece of this study. It is the first specimen of the Torreites genus recorded in Iran. More than 25 Torreites specimens were collected from the medium-bedded carbonate layer of the Upper Cretaceous succession of the study area. As well as in Iran, T. milovanovici specimens are recorded from Oman, and United Arab Emirates (UAE), although other species are found in Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico. The Torreites-bearing bed is attributed to the clastic lower unit of the Tarbur Formation in Zagros Basin which is overlain by the carbonate upper unit of this Formation. Referring to field and laboratory observations as well as different previous references the Torreites-bearing carbonate layer in the study section can be ascribed to the Campanian. T. milovanovici specimens in Iran are compared with those recorded in Oman and UAE, using some determinative parameters. They show similarities in angles and size. Finding the species in a new area can be inspiring for future studies. It enhances the paleobiogeographical distribution of Family Torreitidae in the world and matching them chronologically can reveal some new evolutionary trends.

The present work is focused on the hipparionine remains from the late Miocene to early Pliocene deposits of the Haritalyangar areas, Himachal Pardesh, India. These remains are taxonomically ranked to five genera (Plesiohipparion, Proboscidipparion, Cormohipparion, Sivalhippus, and Eurygnathohippus) and seven species. The described taxa are predominantly known from China, Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Among these, Proboscidipparion is reported for the first time from the Siwaliks; the material assigned to Plesiohipparion sp. is a potential candidate for a new species. Hipparionines from this area have long been poorly known and are helpful to understand the palaeontological context of the Indian Siwalik mammalian fauna. The hipparionines suggest a wide variety of environmental conditions ranging from grasslands to forests.

The Pliensbachian succession of the Central Unit of the South Riffian Ridges domain consists of four formations. The second one, the Jebela Formation, is rich in brachiopods especially at Jbel Dhar N'Sour Anticline. Twenty-three species belonging to three orders (Spiriferida, Rhynchonellida and Terebratulida), and eight genera have been identified in addition of seven species of bivalves. Most of the studied brachiopod taxa are described and illustrated for the first time from the Pliensbachian succession of the South Riffian Ridges domain and Morocco in general. Several of these taxa have wide geographic distributions in the Peritethyan basins of the northern and the southern margins of the western Tethys and the Subboreal Domain of NW Europe.