Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1177/15485129231225270
Joshua M. Block, Adam P. Wilmer, Robert A Bettinger, David H. Curtis, Benjamin J Johnis
An accelerating interest in cislunar space and lunar orbit for civilian, commercial, and scientific missions requires a space situational awareness (SSA) architecture extending beyond geosynchronous orbit to promote space traffic management and safety. Space-based SSA in cislunar space is challenging due to difficulties associated with accurately estimating the position of the surveillance satellite, which is a foundational requirement for effectively performing the general SSA mission. Using multiple surveillance satellites with lower-fidelity sensors helps alleviate these concerns by aggregating multiple data sets with higher variance to achieve the same level or potentially improved accuracy as compared to fewer higher-quality sensors. A subset of Earth–Moon periodic orbits, herein identified as “touring” orbits, are used for an optical surveillance constellation with a target resident space object (RSO) in a L1 Halo orbit. Angles-only measurement data are processed utilizing an extended Kalman filter to estimate the position of the RSO. The analysis focuses on assessing the effectiveness of different numbers of surveillance satellites using touring cislunar periodic orbits for conducting the SSA mission relative to L1. Overall, this study finds that the use of an SSA constellation with low-fidelity sensors can match the performance achieved by a constellation featuring higher-fidelity sensors and reduced observer uncertainty for the observer orbits examined.
{"title":"Variable-fidelity sensors and observer uncertainty using touring multi-body periodic orbits to conduct cislunar SSA: preliminary study","authors":"Joshua M. Block, Adam P. Wilmer, Robert A Bettinger, David H. Curtis, Benjamin J Johnis","doi":"10.1177/15485129231225270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231225270","url":null,"abstract":"An accelerating interest in cislunar space and lunar orbit for civilian, commercial, and scientific missions requires a space situational awareness (SSA) architecture extending beyond geosynchronous orbit to promote space traffic management and safety. Space-based SSA in cislunar space is challenging due to difficulties associated with accurately estimating the position of the surveillance satellite, which is a foundational requirement for effectively performing the general SSA mission. Using multiple surveillance satellites with lower-fidelity sensors helps alleviate these concerns by aggregating multiple data sets with higher variance to achieve the same level or potentially improved accuracy as compared to fewer higher-quality sensors. A subset of Earth–Moon periodic orbits, herein identified as “touring” orbits, are used for an optical surveillance constellation with a target resident space object (RSO) in a L1 Halo orbit. Angles-only measurement data are processed utilizing an extended Kalman filter to estimate the position of the RSO. The analysis focuses on assessing the effectiveness of different numbers of surveillance satellites using touring cislunar periodic orbits for conducting the SSA mission relative to L1. Overall, this study finds that the use of an SSA constellation with low-fidelity sensors can match the performance achieved by a constellation featuring higher-fidelity sensors and reduced observer uncertainty for the observer orbits examined.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1177/15485129241233299
Kyo-Seong Hwang, Jungmok Ma
Camouflaged object detection (COD) is one of the emerging artificial intelligence technologies. COD identifies objects that require attention and time to detect with human eyes due to the similarity in texture or color to the surrounding environment. Despite the importance of camouflage and its detection in military, there is a lack of military camouflaged object detection research. Previous studies point out that the general COD has not been well studied due to the lack of camouflaged datasets, and the situation is worse in the military domain. This study aims at tackling the challenge in two directions. First, we carefully assemble the military camouflaged object (MCAM) dataset, including camouflaged soldiers and people as well as camouflaged military supplies for military COD. The experiment shows that MCAM can generate better performance results than the other benchmark datasets (CAMO, COD10K). Second, military (MCAM) and nonmilitary camouflage datasets (benchmark datasets) are combined and tested to overcome data scarcity. The experiment shows that the nonmilitary camouflage datasets are effective for military COD at a certain level, and a proper combination of military and nonmilitary camouflage datasets can improve the detection performance.
{"title":"Military camouflaged object detection with deep learning using dataset development and combination","authors":"Kyo-Seong Hwang, Jungmok Ma","doi":"10.1177/15485129241233299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129241233299","url":null,"abstract":"Camouflaged object detection (COD) is one of the emerging artificial intelligence technologies. COD identifies objects that require attention and time to detect with human eyes due to the similarity in texture or color to the surrounding environment. Despite the importance of camouflage and its detection in military, there is a lack of military camouflaged object detection research. Previous studies point out that the general COD has not been well studied due to the lack of camouflaged datasets, and the situation is worse in the military domain. This study aims at tackling the challenge in two directions. First, we carefully assemble the military camouflaged object (MCAM) dataset, including camouflaged soldiers and people as well as camouflaged military supplies for military COD. The experiment shows that MCAM can generate better performance results than the other benchmark datasets (CAMO, COD10K). Second, military (MCAM) and nonmilitary camouflage datasets (benchmark datasets) are combined and tested to overcome data scarcity. The experiment shows that the nonmilitary camouflage datasets are effective for military COD at a certain level, and a proper combination of military and nonmilitary camouflage datasets can improve the detection performance.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1177/15485129241227012
Jiri Neubauer, M. Vlkovský, Jaroslav Michalek
The development of new technologies (e.g., three-axial accelerometers) and their implementation to the armed forces made it possible to rather easily obtain data on transportation with regard to cargo securing. It is, however, crucial to evaluate the data, and identify the factors important for the selection of an appropriate cargo securing system. Particular attention should be paid to the transportation on low-quality roads, or possibly in the terrain as it can be expected that the cargo (as well as the vehicle and the driver) is subjected to greater shocks. Data obtained from the military transport experiment have been processed using advanced statistical methods (a contaminated probability distribution, methods of statistical comparison, and an analysis of variance). The transportation data from the use of two military trucks on three different road surfaces has been compared. The results show, in which axes there are statistically significant differences in terms of the frequency of exceeding normatively determined acceleration coefficient values in relation to the road surface type and the vehicle type. Further results are based on the modeling of acceleration coefficients using a contaminated log-normal distribution, where the distribution of acceleration coefficient values is contaminated by outliers resulting from sudden changes in the transport conditions.
{"title":"Statistical modeling of cargo securing on selected military trucks and road surfaces","authors":"Jiri Neubauer, M. Vlkovský, Jaroslav Michalek","doi":"10.1177/15485129241227012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129241227012","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new technologies (e.g., three-axial accelerometers) and their implementation to the armed forces made it possible to rather easily obtain data on transportation with regard to cargo securing. It is, however, crucial to evaluate the data, and identify the factors important for the selection of an appropriate cargo securing system. Particular attention should be paid to the transportation on low-quality roads, or possibly in the terrain as it can be expected that the cargo (as well as the vehicle and the driver) is subjected to greater shocks. Data obtained from the military transport experiment have been processed using advanced statistical methods (a contaminated probability distribution, methods of statistical comparison, and an analysis of variance). The transportation data from the use of two military trucks on three different road surfaces has been compared. The results show, in which axes there are statistically significant differences in terms of the frequency of exceeding normatively determined acceleration coefficient values in relation to the road surface type and the vehicle type. Further results are based on the modeling of acceleration coefficients using a contaminated log-normal distribution, where the distribution of acceleration coefficient values is contaminated by outliers resulting from sudden changes in the transport conditions.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1177/15485129231220681
Peter Dobias
Generally speaking, wargames are tools for exploring human decision-making in an environment with incomplete and imperfect information. They can provide important insights into the complexity of military operations or can be used to generate novel ideas. However, if an analyst desired to conduct analyses spanning multiple warfare levels, the only feasible approach would be to select the largest domain and the highest resolution to accommodate even the smallest scales involved. This paper develops a theoretical framework based on the renormalization theory for a multi-layered approach to wargaming. This approach would enable representing variety of warfare scales within a single wargame, while avoiding the overhead that would have arisen from trying to represent desired scenarios at the highest required temporary and spatial scales. The proposal of a conceptual framework for multi-scale wargaming is demonstrated on a simplest possible example of hybrid wargames used in support of NATO concept development.
{"title":"Renormalization theory and wargaming: multi-layered wargames","authors":"Peter Dobias","doi":"10.1177/15485129231220681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231220681","url":null,"abstract":"Generally speaking, wargames are tools for exploring human decision-making in an environment with incomplete and imperfect information. They can provide important insights into the complexity of military operations or can be used to generate novel ideas. However, if an analyst desired to conduct analyses spanning multiple warfare levels, the only feasible approach would be to select the largest domain and the highest resolution to accommodate even the smallest scales involved. This paper develops a theoretical framework based on the renormalization theory for a multi-layered approach to wargaming. This approach would enable representing variety of warfare scales within a single wargame, while avoiding the overhead that would have arisen from trying to represent desired scenarios at the highest required temporary and spatial scales. The proposal of a conceptual framework for multi-scale wargaming is demonstrated on a simplest possible example of hybrid wargames used in support of NATO concept development.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1177/15485129231203705
Adam T Biggs, Joseph A. Hamilton, Rachel R Markwald
Small arms combat simulations are emerging as a method to convert raw human performance metrics into quantifiable lethality outcomes. Specifically, speed and accuracy measures can be directly converted into a percentage chance of winning a gunfight using small arms combat modeling. Although the technique provides an opportunity to clearly communicate implications to a military audience, there are numerous assumptions to this modeling technique that require further exploration. One critical assumption involves the termination rule, or criterion to identify when the combat simulation should end. The termination rule must be clearly identified because it will impact the casualties inflicted and suffered by each side during simulation. Here, we discuss the implications of three broad categories of termination rules: (1) total victory, (2) retreat criteria, and (3) resource limitations. Each approach has different scenarios that might be more or less advantageous to use as a termination rule. Taken together, this information should help improve lethality modeling procedures using different simulation techniques to convert human performance metrics into quantifiable chances of winning a combat engagement.
{"title":"Identifying appropriate scenario termination rules for squad-level simulations of warfighter lethality","authors":"Adam T Biggs, Joseph A. Hamilton, Rachel R Markwald","doi":"10.1177/15485129231203705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231203705","url":null,"abstract":"Small arms combat simulations are emerging as a method to convert raw human performance metrics into quantifiable lethality outcomes. Specifically, speed and accuracy measures can be directly converted into a percentage chance of winning a gunfight using small arms combat modeling. Although the technique provides an opportunity to clearly communicate implications to a military audience, there are numerous assumptions to this modeling technique that require further exploration. One critical assumption involves the termination rule, or criterion to identify when the combat simulation should end. The termination rule must be clearly identified because it will impact the casualties inflicted and suffered by each side during simulation. Here, we discuss the implications of three broad categories of termination rules: (1) total victory, (2) retreat criteria, and (3) resource limitations. Each approach has different scenarios that might be more or less advantageous to use as a termination rule. Taken together, this information should help improve lethality modeling procedures using different simulation techniques to convert human performance metrics into quantifiable chances of winning a combat engagement.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1177/15485129231218757
M. Grimaila
{"title":"Modeling and simulation in graduate military education","authors":"M. Grimaila","doi":"10.1177/15485129231218757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231218757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/15485129231211915
A. R. Kuroswiski, Felipe Leonardo Lôbo Medeiros, Monica Maria De Marchi, Angelo Passaro
Computer simulations have revolutionized the analysis of military scenarios. As computing power has advanced, simulations can now incorporate intricate tactical-level engagements. However, accurately representing actors’ decisions at this level poses new challenges for developing and validating these simulations. In this context, this paper presents the methodologies and lessons learned from a study conducted to assess the application of agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) in analyzing beyond visual range (BVR) air combat scenarios, focusing on the influence of agent behavior on the outcomes. The proposed approach integrates real pilots into a face validation phase to examine symmetric and asymmetric engagements. The results underscore the significance of agent behaviors for the outcomes, for example, showing how specific behaviors are capable of mitigating the advantages of superior weaponry. Furthermore, the research explores the dynamics of aircraft acting in pairs, demonstrating the potential to evaluate tactics and the impact of numerical advantage. Ultimately, the results enhance the simulations’ credibility and confirm their plausibility, in line with the face validation methodology. This powerful phase bolsters subsequent steps in the overall validation process. In addition, the findings show how specific configurations of the agents, including tactical coordination, can significantly affect the simulation outcomes and validity.
{"title":"Beyond visual range air combat simulations: validation methods and analysis using agent-based models","authors":"A. R. Kuroswiski, Felipe Leonardo Lôbo Medeiros, Monica Maria De Marchi, Angelo Passaro","doi":"10.1177/15485129231211915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231211915","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulations have revolutionized the analysis of military scenarios. As computing power has advanced, simulations can now incorporate intricate tactical-level engagements. However, accurately representing actors’ decisions at this level poses new challenges for developing and validating these simulations. In this context, this paper presents the methodologies and lessons learned from a study conducted to assess the application of agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) in analyzing beyond visual range (BVR) air combat scenarios, focusing on the influence of agent behavior on the outcomes. The proposed approach integrates real pilots into a face validation phase to examine symmetric and asymmetric engagements. The results underscore the significance of agent behaviors for the outcomes, for example, showing how specific behaviors are capable of mitigating the advantages of superior weaponry. Furthermore, the research explores the dynamics of aircraft acting in pairs, demonstrating the potential to evaluate tactics and the impact of numerical advantage. Ultimately, the results enhance the simulations’ credibility and confirm their plausibility, in line with the face validation methodology. This powerful phase bolsters subsequent steps in the overall validation process. In addition, the findings show how specific configurations of the agents, including tactical coordination, can significantly affect the simulation outcomes and validity.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/15485129231210300
J. Nagler
This paper presents the thermoelastic shock wave model components of projectile, target, and muzzle tube during the initial start of penetration. The penetration model is combined using pressure and temperature (e.g., mechanical and thermal shock) that act separately at the moment of penetration (a few microseconds) into a homogeneous or first-layer armor body. The armor’s shape and material will be investigated based on contact principal stress. The reciprocal influence between the penetrator and the armor in the aspect of the projectile nose shape will also be demonstrated. Moreover, the penetrator thermoelastic material’s durability will be examined, based on von Mises criterion. The examination for the initial elastic contact stress impact will be performed by using the explicit solution to temperature-displacement coupling equilibrium, based on commercial finite elements modeling. In addition, a modified impact contact stress model based on both mechanical and thermal energies was proposed and found to agree with the literature. Brief conceptual analysis of projectile–shield interactions was examined. Finally, shooting tube muzzle thermoelastic analysis was performed alongside a literature comparison, which was found to agree qualitatively and quantitatively. Muzzle tube material impact analysis was performed. Finally, it was concluded that muzzle tubes obey the rule that a shorter cylinder length tube develops higher muzzle tube principal stresses.
本文介绍了弹丸、目标和枪管在穿透初始阶段的热弹性冲击波模型组件。穿透模型结合了压力和温度（如机械冲击和热冲击），在穿透瞬间（几微秒）分别作用于均质或第一层装甲体。装甲的形状和材料将根据接触主应力进行研究。还将证明穿甲弹和装甲在弹头形状方面的相互影响。此外，还将根据 von Mises 准则检验穿甲弹热弹性材料的耐久性。将使用基于商业有限元建模的温度-位移耦合平衡显式解对初始弹性接触应力冲击进行检验。此外，还提出了一种基于机械能和热能的修正冲击接触应力模型，结果与文献一致。研究了射弹与防护罩相互作用的简要概念分析。最后，在进行文献比较的同时，还进行了射击管枪口热弹性分析，结果发现两者在定性和定量上都一致。还进行了枪管材料影响分析。最后，得出的结论是，枪口管符合以下规则：较短的枪管长度会产生较高的枪口管主应力。
{"title":"Thermoelastic impact modeling for projectile–target–muzzle components during penetration start of motion","authors":"J. Nagler","doi":"10.1177/15485129231210300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231210300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the thermoelastic shock wave model components of projectile, target, and muzzle tube during the initial start of penetration. The penetration model is combined using pressure and temperature (e.g., mechanical and thermal shock) that act separately at the moment of penetration (a few microseconds) into a homogeneous or first-layer armor body. The armor’s shape and material will be investigated based on contact principal stress. The reciprocal influence between the penetrator and the armor in the aspect of the projectile nose shape will also be demonstrated. Moreover, the penetrator thermoelastic material’s durability will be examined, based on von Mises criterion. The examination for the initial elastic contact stress impact will be performed by using the explicit solution to temperature-displacement coupling equilibrium, based on commercial finite elements modeling. In addition, a modified impact contact stress model based on both mechanical and thermal energies was proposed and found to agree with the literature. Brief conceptual analysis of projectile–shield interactions was examined. Finally, shooting tube muzzle thermoelastic analysis was performed alongside a literature comparison, which was found to agree qualitatively and quantitatively. Muzzle tube material impact analysis was performed. Finally, it was concluded that muzzle tubes obey the rule that a shorter cylinder length tube develops higher muzzle tube principal stresses.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1177/15485129231207660
Sumana Biswas, Hasan Turan, S. Elsawah, Matthew Richmond, Thang Cao
A fundamental component of any military medical support system is medical evacuation. The main goal of evacuation is to reduce mortality among critically injured combat casualties. To achieve this goal, several decision problems including, the location of medical treatment facilities, relocation, dispatching, and routing have to be effective across all levels (tactical, operational, and strategic). This study concentrates on the three key types of medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems—forward, tactical, and strategic—and the related decision problems. Even though, over the last few years, some review papers have discussed the different topics of MEDEVAC systems (e.g., the evolution of MEDEVAC, evacuation timelines, and types of injuries), no research has been conducted on the full range (i.e., total care pathway) of MEDEVAC systems and the adoption of emerging technologies to improve future MEDEVAC. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature is described, including the decision problems involved in the total military medical evacuation process. This paper also reviews forecast challenges of future MEDEVAC and potential emerging technologies, concepts, and advanced decision-analysis methods to tackle these challenges. In future MEDEVAC processes, emerging technologies and concepts will be important to support improved medical capability; however, military planners will also need to adopt advanced decision-support techniques to efficiently employ these technologies.
{"title":"The future of military medical evacuation: literature analysis focused on the potential adoption of emerging technologies and advanced decision-analysis techniques","authors":"Sumana Biswas, Hasan Turan, S. Elsawah, Matthew Richmond, Thang Cao","doi":"10.1177/15485129231207660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231207660","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental component of any military medical support system is medical evacuation. The main goal of evacuation is to reduce mortality among critically injured combat casualties. To achieve this goal, several decision problems including, the location of medical treatment facilities, relocation, dispatching, and routing have to be effective across all levels (tactical, operational, and strategic). This study concentrates on the three key types of medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems—forward, tactical, and strategic—and the related decision problems. Even though, over the last few years, some review papers have discussed the different topics of MEDEVAC systems (e.g., the evolution of MEDEVAC, evacuation timelines, and types of injuries), no research has been conducted on the full range (i.e., total care pathway) of MEDEVAC systems and the adoption of emerging technologies to improve future MEDEVAC. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature is described, including the decision problems involved in the total military medical evacuation process. This paper also reviews forecast challenges of future MEDEVAC and potential emerging technologies, concepts, and advanced decision-analysis methods to tackle these challenges. In future MEDEVAC processes, emerging technologies and concepts will be important to support improved medical capability; however, military planners will also need to adopt advanced decision-support techniques to efficiently employ these technologies.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1177/15485129231210302
Jan Nohel, P. Stodola, Jan Zezula, Pavel Zahradníček, Zdenek Flasar
In terms of deploying forces and assets in different domains, the conduct of contemporary military operations can be characterized as complex. Information obtained from a wide range of sources and sensors is thus a crucial factor influencing the course and outcome of an operation. It must be robust, variably deployable, sustainable long-term, modular, and flexible when performing reconnaissance tasks in the rear of enemy forces or in areas threatened by, for example, chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear (CBRN) threats. This paper describes the requirements of commanders for the capabilities of autonomous modular robotic systems performing reconnaissance tasks to support their units. It characterizes the possibilities of using mathematical-algorithmic models in planning the operation of robotic systems. The computational capabilities of tactical decision support system models are demonstrated on two scenarios for the reconnaissance of an area of interest. The partial calculations of the different parts of the reconnaissance task are performed in a logical sequence. Field tests practically verified the variants of performing reconnaissance tasks by robotic systems. The use of digital terrain and relief models, mathematical-algorithmic models, and variant modeling has increased the efficiency of the planning and deployment of a group of robotic systems in the reconnaissance of an area of interest.
{"title":"Area reconnaissance modeling of modular reconnaissance robotic systems","authors":"Jan Nohel, P. Stodola, Jan Zezula, Pavel Zahradníček, Zdenek Flasar","doi":"10.1177/15485129231210302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231210302","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of deploying forces and assets in different domains, the conduct of contemporary military operations can be characterized as complex. Information obtained from a wide range of sources and sensors is thus a crucial factor influencing the course and outcome of an operation. It must be robust, variably deployable, sustainable long-term, modular, and flexible when performing reconnaissance tasks in the rear of enemy forces or in areas threatened by, for example, chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear (CBRN) threats. This paper describes the requirements of commanders for the capabilities of autonomous modular robotic systems performing reconnaissance tasks to support their units. It characterizes the possibilities of using mathematical-algorithmic models in planning the operation of robotic systems. The computational capabilities of tactical decision support system models are demonstrated on two scenarios for the reconnaissance of an area of interest. The partial calculations of the different parts of the reconnaissance task are performed in a logical sequence. Field tests practically verified the variants of performing reconnaissance tasks by robotic systems. The use of digital terrain and relief models, mathematical-algorithmic models, and variant modeling has increased the efficiency of the planning and deployment of a group of robotic systems in the reconnaissance of an area of interest.","PeriodicalId":508000,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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