Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-65-75
Аleksey А. Karaban, Vladimir А. Usol’tsev, Sergey V. Tret’yakov, S. Koptev, Il’ya V. Tsvetkov, Аndrey А. Paramonov
The assessment of forest productivity in forestry and forest ecology has a long tradition, but in recent decades there has been a paradigm shift: the target function of forestry, consisting in wood cultivation, has shifted towards the biosphere-stabilizing function and the assessment of biomass and carbon sequestration capacity of forests. Equations and tables for assessing biomass at the stand level have an advantage as they can be used to characterize both the biomass of individual stands and their totality, as well as (when combined with the state forest inventory data) the situations in the forests throughout the country. The complexity of the work on assessing biomass of trees and stands has prompted researchers to use the existing tables of growth progress when compiling the tables of biological productivity of the stands using the recursive method. For the conditions of the northern and middle taiga of the Arkhangelsk Region, there are no tables of growth progress for gray alder biomass. The aim of this research is to study the growth progress of gray alder biomass in the stands of the Arkhangelsk Region. A series of sample plots has been laid to assess the above-ground biomass of the trees of this species. Based on the actual data from 50 model trees from 30 sample plots, the allometric models of the dependence of biomass fractions on the stem volume have been developed. The obtained models have been combined with the tables of growth progress for gray alder by quality class and the table of biological productivity of the species for the conditions of the Arkhangelsk Region has been drawn up. The results have been compared with the data on the biological productivity of gray alder in Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia. It has been shown that the biomass of the mature stands of gray alder of the 1st and 2nd quality classes in the Arkhangelsk Region is 3–9 % less than in Belarus and Lithuania. For the stands of the third and fourth classes, this difference increases to 29–48 %. Such differences in the biomasses of the compared regions can be explained by different zonal site conditions.
{"title":"Age Dynamics of Gray Alder Biomass in the Stands of the Arkhangelsk Region","authors":"Аleksey А. Karaban, Vladimir А. Usol’tsev, Sergey V. Tret’yakov, S. Koptev, Il’ya V. Tsvetkov, Аndrey А. Paramonov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-65-75","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of forest productivity in forestry and forest ecology has a long tradition, but in recent decades there has been a paradigm shift: the target function of forestry, consisting in wood cultivation, has shifted towards the biosphere-stabilizing function and the assessment of biomass and carbon sequestration capacity of forests. Equations and tables for assessing biomass at the stand level have an advantage as they can be used to characterize both the biomass of individual stands and their totality, as well as (when combined with the state forest inventory data) the situations in the forests throughout the country. The complexity of the work on assessing biomass of trees and stands has prompted researchers to use the existing tables of growth progress when compiling the tables of biological productivity of the stands using the recursive method. For the conditions of the northern and middle taiga of the Arkhangelsk Region, there are no tables of growth progress for gray alder biomass. The aim of this research is to study the growth progress of gray alder biomass in the stands of the Arkhangelsk Region. A series of sample plots has been laid to assess the above-ground biomass of the trees of this species. Based on the actual data from 50 model trees from 30 sample plots, the allometric models of the dependence of biomass fractions on the stem volume have been developed. The obtained models have been combined with the tables of growth progress for gray alder by quality class and the table of biological productivity of the species for the conditions of the Arkhangelsk Region has been drawn up. The results have been compared with the data on the biological productivity of gray alder in Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia. It has been shown that the biomass of the mature stands of gray alder of the 1st and 2nd quality classes in the Arkhangelsk Region is 3–9 % less than in Belarus and Lithuania. For the stands of the third and fourth classes, this difference increases to 29–48 %. Such differences in the biomasses of the compared regions can be explained by different zonal site conditions.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-178-188
O. A. Goncharova, O. E. Zotova
The study has been conducted at the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, the northernmost botanical garden in Russia (67°38′ N). The aim of this work has been a comprehensive analysis of the condition of Siberian stone pine trees (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) during their introduction in the Arctic. The condition of 8 specimens of the species cultivated at the experimental plot in the town of Apatity has been examined. Their phenological development has been analyzed: the swelling and breaking of the vegetative buds, the end of the elongation and maturation of the needles, the beginning and end of growth of the annual shoots, the lignification of the shoots, the beginning and end of pollen dispersion. The degree of lignification of the annual shoot, the winter hardiness, the habit, the shootforming capacity, the height increment, the generative development and the reproduction in the plantation have also been assessed. The risk of a tree falling has been determined by considering its surroundings and exposure to wind. The root zones, the butts, the trunks, the crown bases, the boughs and the crowns have been examined for the presence of hollows, cracks, decomposition, fungal fruit bodies, damage, weak forks, dead branches, etc. The application of an approach combining the analysis of seasonal development, viability and risk of tree fall is promising for a comprehensive and objective assessment of the condition of Siberian stone pine trees by morphological and phenological characteristics during the introduction to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The phenological rhythm of the studied trees corresponds to the environmental conditions during the introduction to the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute named after N.A. Avrorin. Vegetation begins in late May. By the end of August the annual shoots lignify, which indicates the readiness of the plants for the winter period. The close timing of the onset of phenophases and their low variation may indicate a low dependence of the seasonal development of Siberian stone pine on weather conditions during the introduction to the central part of the Kola Peninsula. The trees are winter-hardy, retain the life form inherent to the species, have a high shoot-forming capacity and annual height increment. They reach the generative stage of development. For their propagation in the plantation, it is necessary to attract seed material from other regions. The trees are monocormic, unimucronate and bimucronate. They are characterized by dense crowns. Their apical and lateral shoots are developed. In rare cases, the increment of lateral shoots is reduced. The V-shaped forks have been noted on the stems and a hollow in the butt area has been found on one of the trees. An additional instrumental examination is needed to determine the effect of diseases or pathogens on the stability of the trees.
这项研究是在俄罗斯最北端的植物园（北纬 67°38′）--极地-高山植物园研究所（Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute ）进行的。这项工作的目的是全面分析西伯利亚石松（Pinus sibirica Du Tour）在北极引种期间的状况。在阿帕蒂蒂镇的实验地里，对栽培的 8 个石松树种的状况进行了研究。对它们的物候发展进行了分析：无性繁殖芽的膨大和折断、针叶伸长和成熟的结束、一年生嫩枝生长的开始和结束、嫩枝的木质化、花粉散播的开始和结束。此外，还评估了一年生枝条的木质化程度、冬季耐寒性、习性、成枝能力、增高、生长发育以及在种植园中的繁殖情况。树木倒伏的风险是通过考虑其周围环境和受风程度来确定的。对根区、树屁股、树干、树冠基部、枝桠和树冠进行了检查，以确定是否存在空洞、裂缝、腐烂、真菌子实体、损坏、弱叉、枯枝等。将季节性发展、生存能力和树木倒伏风险分析相结合的方法的应用，有望在西伯利亚石松引入俄罗斯联邦北极地区期间，通过形态和物候特征对其状况进行全面客观的评估。所研究树木的物候节律与引种到以 N.A. Avrorin 命名的极地-高山植物园研究所期间的环境条件相符。植被始于五月下旬。到八月底，一年生枝条木质化，这表明植物已经做好了过冬的准备。各物候期开始的时间很接近，而且变化较小，这可能表明西伯利亚石松在引入科拉半岛中部地区时，其季节性发展对天气条件的依赖性很低。这些树木耐寒，保留了物种固有的生命形态，具有很强的新芽形成能力和年增高能力。它们已进入生长发育阶段。要在种植园里繁殖它们，必须从其他地区引进种子材料。树木有单株、单瘤和双瘤。它们的特点是树冠浓密。它们的顶芽和侧芽都很发达。在极少数情况下，侧枝的增量会减少。茎干上出现 V 形分叉，其中一棵树的茎干部位出现空洞。需要进行额外的仪器检查，以确定疾病或病原体对树木稳定性的影响。
{"title":"Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Conditions of Introduction by the Example of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute","authors":"O. A. Goncharova, O. E. Zotova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-178-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-178-188","url":null,"abstract":"The study has been conducted at the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, the northernmost botanical garden in Russia (67°38′ N). The aim of this work has been a comprehensive analysis of the condition of Siberian stone pine trees (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) during their introduction in the Arctic. The condition of 8 specimens of the species cultivated at the experimental plot in the town of Apatity has been examined. Their phenological development has been analyzed: the swelling and breaking of the vegetative buds, the end of the elongation and maturation of the needles, the beginning and end of growth of the annual shoots, the lignification of the shoots, the beginning and end of pollen dispersion. The degree of lignification of the annual shoot, the winter hardiness, the habit, the shootforming capacity, the height increment, the generative development and the reproduction in the plantation have also been assessed. The risk of a tree falling has been determined by considering its surroundings and exposure to wind. The root zones, the butts, the trunks, the crown bases, the boughs and the crowns have been examined for the presence of hollows, cracks, decomposition, fungal fruit bodies, damage, weak forks, dead branches, etc. The application of an approach combining the analysis of seasonal development, viability and risk of tree fall is promising for a comprehensive and objective assessment of the condition of Siberian stone pine trees by morphological and phenological characteristics during the introduction to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The phenological rhythm of the studied trees corresponds to the environmental conditions during the introduction to the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute named after N.A. Avrorin. Vegetation begins in late May. By the end of August the annual shoots lignify, which indicates the readiness of the plants for the winter period. The close timing of the onset of phenophases and their low variation may indicate a low dependence of the seasonal development of Siberian stone pine on weather conditions during the introduction to the central part of the Kola Peninsula. The trees are winter-hardy, retain the life form inherent to the species, have a high shoot-forming capacity and annual height increment. They reach the generative stage of development. For their propagation in the plantation, it is necessary to attract seed material from other regions. The trees are monocormic, unimucronate and bimucronate. They are characterized by dense crowns. Their apical and lateral shoots are developed. In rare cases, the increment of lateral shoots is reduced. The V-shaped forks have been noted on the stems and a hollow in the butt area has been found on one of the trees. An additional instrumental examination is needed to determine the effect of diseases or pathogens on the stability of the trees.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"31 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-90-104
Andrey B. Lysikov, Mikhail D. Merzlenko, Aleksandr V. Kolesnikov, P. Melnik
The research has been carried out in European larch forest plantations (Larix decidua Mill.) with the recording of changes in their silvicultural effect and the properties of sodpodzolic soil under the canopy of plantations over a period of more than 40 years. The aim of this work is to determine the nature of changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of soils under the canopy of European larch forest plantations over a long period (45 years) in the conditions of the north-eastern Moscow Region. The research has covered 2 sample plots located in the B2 type of site conditions (simple fresh subor), which corresponds to fresh blueberry pine forests. The first sample plot (permanent sample plot 46) is located in an artificial plantation created in 1871 by planting. As for the second one (permanent sample plot B-2), it is located in forest plantations created in 1870 by sowing. Throughout the entire period of the research, the forest plantations have been growing according to the Ia quality class and have significantly increased the stock of stem wood. In forest plantations of the sample plot 46, the stock increased by 470 m3/ha (the current increase over 42 years of observation has equaled to 11.2 m3/ha per year), and in forest plantations of the sample plot B-2 – by 417 m3/ha (the current increase over 41 years of observations has equaled to 10.2 m3/ha per year). This indicates that there is currently no decay in the cultivated stands: they function successfully up to a century and a half old. Over 45 years, there have been changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of the soil. A decrease in the content of the clay fraction has been established, especially in the upper part of the soil profile. The actual, exchange and hydrolytic acidity of the soil have increased as indicators of the ongoing process of podzolization. At the same time, the thicknesses of the forest floor and the humus content in the humus-eluvial layer have risen. The absorption capacity, the content of the exchange bases and the degree of saturation with the bases have increased, especially in the upper horizons of the soil, and the hydrolytic acidity has risen. In general, over a 45-year period, there has been no significant deterioration in the properties of sod-podzolic soils under the canopy of European larch forest plantations, and there are even trends of improvement in some indicators.
{"title":"The Changes in Sod-Podzolic Soil in European Larch Forest Plantations over a Long Period","authors":"Andrey B. Lysikov, Mikhail D. Merzlenko, Aleksandr V. Kolesnikov, P. Melnik","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-90-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-90-104","url":null,"abstract":"The research has been carried out in European larch forest plantations (Larix decidua Mill.) with the recording of changes in their silvicultural effect and the properties of sodpodzolic soil under the canopy of plantations over a period of more than 40 years. The aim of this work is to determine the nature of changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of soils under the canopy of European larch forest plantations over a long period (45 years) in the conditions of the north-eastern Moscow Region. The research has covered 2 sample plots located in the B2 type of site conditions (simple fresh subor), which corresponds to fresh blueberry pine forests. The first sample plot (permanent sample plot 46) is located in an artificial plantation created in 1871 by planting. As for the second one (permanent sample plot B-2), it is located in forest plantations created in 1870 by sowing. Throughout the entire period of the research, the forest plantations have been growing according to the Ia quality class and have significantly increased the stock of stem wood. In forest plantations of the sample plot 46, the stock increased by 470 m3/ha (the current increase over 42 years of observation has equaled to 11.2 m3/ha per year), and in forest plantations of the sample plot B-2 – by 417 m3/ha (the current increase over 41 years of observations has equaled to 10.2 m3/ha per year). This indicates that there is currently no decay in the cultivated stands: they function successfully up to a century and a half old. Over 45 years, there have been changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of the soil. A decrease in the content of the clay fraction has been established, especially in the upper part of the soil profile. The actual, exchange and hydrolytic acidity of the soil have increased as indicators of the ongoing process of podzolization. At the same time, the thicknesses of the forest floor and the humus content in the humus-eluvial layer have risen. The absorption capacity, the content of the exchange bases and the degree of saturation with the bases have increased, especially in the upper horizons of the soil, and the hydrolytic acidity has risen. In general, over a 45-year period, there has been no significant deterioration in the properties of sod-podzolic soils under the canopy of European larch forest plantations, and there are even trends of improvement in some indicators.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-189-200
Dmitry V. Belyakov, Oleg A. Konyushatov, S. A. Korchagov, S. Gribov
A reduction in the number of biological species can cause a loss of the integrity of the biosphere and its ability to maintain the most important characteristics of the natural environment. Therefore, scientific research and the development of practical recommendations in the field of conservation of biological diversity in forest management are currently of particular relevance. Measures to preserve biodiversity in forest management are reflected in the rules of timber harvesting, forestry regulations of forestries and forest development projects. The conservation of biological diversity in the course of logging operations is provided by allocating key biotopes – forest plots of a certain area, especially significant as habitats for rare species of animals and plants. The analysis of the Red Book of the Vologda Region showed that 29 % of rare species are confined to forest areas along watercourses. The study has been conducted at stationary sites within the boundaries of the Vologda Forestry of the Vologda Region (the Southern taiga area of the European part of the Russian Federation), represented by clear cuttings of 2018–2019 with the preserved key biotopes – forest areas along temporary water bodies. The average values for the plantations have been obtained on the basis of the materials from allotment and taxation of the cutting areas before felling. The work has been based on silvicultural and taxation, as well as ecological and biological methods of field evaluation and desk assessment. During the field studies (2023) in the key biotopes, a tally has been carried out by tree species, their diameters at chest height and categories of sanitary condition, with the determination of the average taxation indicators of the stands. The soils and the botanical composition of the live ground cover have been described. The species diversity and abundance of plant species in the key biotopes, as well as in the adjacent areas – in the cuttings and in the stands – have been determined. A higher number of species of taiga flora and the presence of rare plant species in the key biotopes, in contrast to the cuttings, have been established, which indicates the need to preserve the key biotopes during logging operations. Within the boundaries of the key biotopes studied, the average number of plant species in the buffer zone exceeds the number of species in the core of the biotope, the differences are statistically significant. Therefore, in the process of allotment of cutting areas, in addition to the allocation of the central part, or the core of the biotope, it is necessary to preserve a buffer zone as the area with the largest number of species.
{"title":"The Conservation of Plant Species Diversity in Forest Management in the Key Biotopes of the Vologda Region","authors":"Dmitry V. Belyakov, Oleg A. Konyushatov, S. A. Korchagov, S. Gribov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-189-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-189-200","url":null,"abstract":"A reduction in the number of biological species can cause a loss of the integrity of the biosphere and its ability to maintain the most important characteristics of the natural environment. Therefore, scientific research and the development of practical recommendations in the field of conservation of biological diversity in forest management are currently of particular relevance. Measures to preserve biodiversity in forest management are reflected in the rules of timber harvesting, forestry regulations of forestries and forest development projects. The conservation of biological diversity in the course of logging operations is provided by allocating key biotopes – forest plots of a certain area, especially significant as habitats for rare species of animals and plants. The analysis of the Red Book of the Vologda Region showed that 29 % of rare species are confined to forest areas along watercourses. The study has been conducted at stationary sites within the boundaries of the Vologda Forestry of the Vologda Region (the Southern taiga area of the European part of the Russian Federation), represented by clear cuttings of 2018–2019 with the preserved key biotopes – forest areas along temporary water bodies. The average values for the plantations have been obtained on the basis of the materials from allotment and taxation of the cutting areas before felling. The work has been based on silvicultural and taxation, as well as ecological and biological methods of field evaluation and desk assessment. During the field studies (2023) in the key biotopes, a tally has been carried out by tree species, their diameters at chest height and categories of sanitary condition, with the determination of the average taxation indicators of the stands. The soils and the botanical composition of the live ground cover have been described. The species diversity and abundance of plant species in the key biotopes, as well as in the adjacent areas – in the cuttings and in the stands – have been determined. A higher number of species of taiga flora and the presence of rare plant species in the key biotopes, in contrast to the cuttings, have been established, which indicates the need to preserve the key biotopes during logging operations. Within the boundaries of the key biotopes studied, the average number of plant species in the buffer zone exceeds the number of species in the core of the biotope, the differences are statistically significant. Therefore, in the process of allotment of cutting areas, in addition to the allocation of the central part, or the core of the biotope, it is necessary to preserve a buffer zone as the area with the largest number of species.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"22 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-23-32
A.L. Fedorkov
In scientific literature there are different views on the connection between forest tree breeding and genetic variability of wood species. This article has aimed to review the current Russian and foreign literary sources on the impact of breeding measures on the level of genetic diversity of forest wood species. Maintaining adequate genetic variability is necessary for adaptation to the environmental changes, as well as for long-term breeding. As soon as seed plantations are the source of improved seeds for forest regeneration, the influence of such factors as the number of clones and background pollination on the level of genetic variability of the progeny has been considered in detail. The data on the minimal clone number in seed plantations in different countries has been presented and the variability of the clones based on their fertility has been discussed. The importance of background pollination in seed plantations has been highlighted as soon as, on the one hand, it reduces the effect of breeding, but on the other hand, it increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. A decline in genetic diversity of wood species can be caused by clone selection (which is the basis for clonal forestry). However the analysis of literary sources has shown that the reduction in genetic diversity is minimal if scientific recommendations are fulfilled. The use of the seeds from controlled cross-breeding of plus trees selected as a result of genetic evaluation (the so-called family forestry with vegetative propagation) in the somatic embryogenesis of the common spruce increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. It has been shown that the multiple population breeding system allows to combine intensive long-term breeding and genetic conservation of wood species. The conclusion has been drawn that the implementation of optimally planned wood species breeding programs does not lead to significant narrowing of genetic diversity. On the contrary, forest tree breeding contributes to the preservation of a better gene pool, transmitting it in the process of forest regeneration through improved seeds and clones into homogeneous stands. Moreover, the objects of forest seed growing such as the archives of plus tree clones and forest seed plantations, as well as test cultures contain valuable genetic material ex situ.
{"title":"Forest Tree Breeding and Genetic Diversity of Wood Species","authors":"A.L. Fedorkov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-23-32","url":null,"abstract":"In scientific literature there are different views on the connection between forest tree breeding and genetic variability of wood species. This article has aimed to review the current Russian and foreign literary sources on the impact of breeding measures on the level of genetic diversity of forest wood species. Maintaining adequate genetic variability is necessary for adaptation to the environmental changes, as well as for long-term breeding. As soon as seed plantations are the source of improved seeds for forest regeneration, the influence of such factors as the number of clones and background pollination on the level of genetic variability of the progeny has been considered in detail. The data on the minimal clone number in seed plantations in different countries has been presented and the variability of the clones based on their fertility has been discussed. The importance of background pollination in seed plantations has been highlighted as soon as, on the one hand, it reduces the effect of breeding, but on the other hand, it increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. A decline in genetic diversity of wood species can be caused by clone selection (which is the basis for clonal forestry). However the analysis of literary sources has shown that the reduction in genetic diversity is minimal if scientific recommendations are fulfilled. The use of the seeds from controlled cross-breeding of plus trees selected as a result of genetic evaluation (the so-called family forestry with vegetative propagation) in the somatic embryogenesis of the common spruce increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. It has been shown that the multiple population breeding system allows to combine intensive long-term breeding and genetic conservation of wood species. The conclusion has been drawn that the implementation of optimally planned wood species breeding programs does not lead to significant narrowing of genetic diversity. On the contrary, forest tree breeding contributes to the preservation of a better gene pool, transmitting it in the process of forest regeneration through improved seeds and clones into homogeneous stands. Moreover, the objects of forest seed growing such as the archives of plus tree clones and forest seed plantations, as well as test cultures contain valuable genetic material ex situ.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-195-207
A. Safina, Dilara F. Ziatdinova, Leysan R. Nazipova, Rushan G. Safin, K. Valeev
The analysis of the current state of the process of betulin extraction from birch bark has shown the relevance of the implementation of periodic extraction technology using toluene as a solvent at small enterprises of the timber industry complex. This article presents the scheme of an extraction plant consisting of an extractor, an evaporator, a condenser, a florentine flask, an extract collector, as well as the principle of the plant operation. The extraction process is carried out in two stages: when the raw material is at rest in relation to toluene and when the raw material is extracted by continuous feeding of fresh extractant. The engineering procedure for calculating the extractor has been developed, allowing to determine its overall dimensions (diameter and height) and the duration of individual stages of the extraction process. The duration of the first stage has been calculated by solving Fick’s differential equation of mass conductivity under boundary conditions of the first kind. The duration of the second stage has been calculated considering the fact that betulin extract is continuously withdrawn from the extractor and fresh extractant is injected. In the latter case, the betulin content in the extractant varies not only in time, but also with the height of the extractor. The developed mathematical description and subsequent modeling made it possible to obtain the calculated curves of betulin distribution in birch bark at different points in time, as well as to compare the experimental and calculated data on the kinetics of the average betulin content in birch bark and toluene for each stage. Meanwhile, the kinetic curves of the average betulin content in birch bark at the second stage are presented for different heights of the extractor. It has been established that the optimal duration of the first stage is 20 min, and with the continuous feeding of fresh extractant with a flow rate of 22.5 kg/h at the second stage, the process speed increases by 6 times. This significantly reduces the total extraction time under the specified process parameters. The necessity for the introduction of the third stage (the stabilization period of the betulin content over the layer height and the cross– section of particles) has been shown.
{"title":"The Engineering Procedure for Calculating the Plant for Betulin Extraction from Birch Bark","authors":"A. Safina, Dilara F. Ziatdinova, Leysan R. Nazipova, Rushan G. Safin, K. Valeev","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-195-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-195-207","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the current state of the process of betulin extraction from birch bark has shown the relevance of the implementation of periodic extraction technology using toluene as a solvent at small enterprises of the timber industry complex. This article presents the scheme of an extraction plant consisting of an extractor, an evaporator, a condenser, a florentine flask, an extract collector, as well as the principle of the plant operation. The extraction process is carried out in two stages: when the raw material is at rest in relation to toluene and when the raw material is extracted by continuous feeding of fresh extractant. The engineering procedure for calculating the extractor has been developed, allowing to determine its overall dimensions (diameter and height) and the duration of individual stages of the extraction process. The duration of the first stage has been calculated by solving Fick’s differential equation of mass conductivity under boundary conditions of the first kind. The duration of the second stage has been calculated considering the fact that betulin extract is continuously withdrawn from the extractor and fresh extractant is injected. In the latter case, the betulin content in the extractant varies not only in time, but also with the height of the extractor. The developed mathematical description and subsequent modeling made it possible to obtain the calculated curves of betulin distribution in birch bark at different points in time, as well as to compare the experimental and calculated data on the kinetics of the average betulin content in birch bark and toluene for each stage. Meanwhile, the kinetic curves of the average betulin content in birch bark at the second stage are presented for different heights of the extractor. It has been established that the optimal duration of the first stage is 20 min, and with the continuous feeding of fresh extractant with a flow rate of 22.5 kg/h at the second stage, the process speed increases by 6 times. This significantly reduces the total extraction time under the specified process parameters. The necessity for the introduction of the third stage (the stabilization period of the betulin content over the layer height and the cross– section of particles) has been shown.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"79 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-91-100
M. Z. Mollaeva, F. Tembotova
Pine forests are widespread in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, in particular, in the Teberdinsky National Biosphere Reserve, mainly in its northern part. The variability 0 of pine morphological parameters is associated with the ecological and geographical features of the species’ habitat, which is especially important for the Caucasus Mountains. The purpose of this research has been to study the morphological variability of pine in the mountainous conditions of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic based on the morphometric parameters of needles and shoots. The collection of needles and shoots has been carried out using the standard methods. According to the data obtained, the longest pine needles are found in the gorge of the Gonachkhir River (1671 m above sea level), and the shortest – in the gorge of the Daut River (1900 m above sea level). A decrease in the length of the needles with altitude has been recorded. No change in the width has been observed. The needle packing index, on the contrary, increases with altitude. The length of the shoot in the samples of Pinus sylvestris ranges from 22.00 mm (Arkhyz and Daut-2 samples) to 28.94 mm (Teberda and Daut-1 samples) and correlates with the altitude of the habitats. The weight of the freshly collected pine needles in the study area has varied from 4.43 g (Teberda) to 6.06 g (Daut-1); when dried, the weight of 100 pairs of needles has decreased in all the samples by 2 times and has ranged from 2.23 g (Teberda) to 2.00 g (Gonachkhir). No correlation of the weight with the terrain altitude has been found. The lifespan of pine needles growing at different altitudes in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is on average 2–3 years; 4–year-old needles have been found in small quantities in Teberda (1 %) and Dzhamagat (4 %).The results of this research are the first data on the morphological variability of the needles and shoots of Pinus sylvestris L., growing at different altitudes for the Western Caucasus, in particular for the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The obtained data on the variability of the pine assimilation apparatus in the Western Caucasus complements and confirms the conclusions of other scientists about the increase in the size and weight of needles, as well as a decrease in their life expectancy when moving from north to south. They will be useful in assessing the phenotypic variability of coniferous forests.
{"title":"Morphological Variability of the Assimilation Apparatus of Pinus sylvestris L. within the Teberda National Biosphere Reserve","authors":"M. Z. Mollaeva, F. Tembotova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-91-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-91-100","url":null,"abstract":"Pine forests are widespread in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, in particular, in the Teberdinsky National Biosphere Reserve, mainly in its northern part. The variability 0 of pine morphological parameters is associated with the ecological and geographical features of the species’ habitat, which is especially important for the Caucasus Mountains. The purpose of this research has been to study the morphological variability of pine in the mountainous conditions of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic based on the morphometric parameters of needles and shoots. The collection of needles and shoots has been carried out using the standard methods. According to the data obtained, the longest pine needles are found in the gorge of the Gonachkhir River (1671 m above sea level), and the shortest – in the gorge of the Daut River (1900 m above sea level). A decrease in the length of the needles with altitude has been recorded. No change in the width has been observed. The needle packing index, on the contrary, increases with altitude. The length of the shoot in the samples of Pinus sylvestris ranges from 22.00 mm (Arkhyz and Daut-2 samples) to 28.94 mm (Teberda and Daut-1 samples) and correlates with the altitude of the habitats. The weight of the freshly collected pine needles in the study area has varied from 4.43 g (Teberda) to 6.06 g (Daut-1); when dried, the weight of 100 pairs of needles has decreased in all the samples by 2 times and has ranged from 2.23 g (Teberda) to 2.00 g (Gonachkhir). No correlation of the weight with the terrain altitude has been found. The lifespan of pine needles growing at different altitudes in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is on average 2–3 years; 4–year-old needles have been found in small quantities in Teberda (1 %) and Dzhamagat (4 %).The results of this research are the first data on the morphological variability of the needles and shoots of Pinus sylvestris L., growing at different altitudes for the Western Caucasus, in particular for the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The obtained data on the variability of the pine assimilation apparatus in the Western Caucasus complements and confirms the conclusions of other scientists about the increase in the size and weight of needles, as well as a decrease in their life expectancy when moving from north to south. They will be useful in assessing the phenotypic variability of coniferous forests.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"186 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-114-125
E. Boldanova
The problem of preventing forest fires and timely mobilization of extinguishing agents is particularly acute in the Irkutsk Region, where forests cover considerable areas. The use of classical indices for assessing forest fire danger does not always provide accurate results in the operational planning of fire extinguishing measures. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and effective indicator for predicting the occurrence of forest fires. The forestries of the Irkutsk Region, which were most severely affected by forest fires, were chosen as the object of this study. In the course of the study, it has been necessary to solve a number of problems, such as assessing the adequacy of the existing methods, developing a more accurate and simple indicator for local conditions, establishing the algorithm for calculating and the scale for assessing the fire danger class. As the initial data, the publicly available data from the meteorological observations archives and the data from the Remote Monitoring Information System of the Federal Forestry Agency (ISDM-Rosleskhoz) have been used. The methods of cluster analysis and correlation and regression analysis have been applied. The dependence of the number of forest fires on weather conditions in sparsely populated areas has been revealed. The frequency of the cycles of the number and area of forest fires is 3–4 years. Various options for calculating the accumulated dewpoint deficit for predicting the number and area of forest fires have been considered. The closest correlation has been found for the indicator calculated over 10 days. Foreign experience in assessing fire danger according to weather conditions having been analyzed, an assumption has been made about the potential partial use of the Australian FFDI index. In the calculations, a satisfactory result has not been achieved. Therefore, it has been proposed to use the accumulated dew-point deficit over 10 days as an indicator of forest fire danger. The number of forest fires is described through the quadratic dependence on this indicator. A scale for assessing fire danger, adapted to the scale based on the Nesterov index, has been developed. For practical use, the calculation algorithm in MS Office Excel has been described, which makes it possible to apply the proposed indicator in the forestries of the Irkutsk Region. The indicator based on the accumulated dew-point deficit over 10 days will make it possible to check the state of forest fire danger according to weather conditions in accordance with the developed scale using the described algorithm and the macro for calculation in MS Excel.
在伊尔库茨克州，森林覆盖面积很大，预防森林火灾和及时调动灭火剂的问题尤为突出。在灭火措施的操作规划中，使用传统的森林火灾危险性评估指标并不总能提供准确的结果。本研究的目的是开发一种简单有效的指标，用于预测森林火灾的发生。本研究选择了伊尔库茨克州受森林火灾影响最严重的林场作为研究对象。在研究过程中，有必要解决一系列问题，如评估现有方法的适当性、开发适合当地条件的更准确、更简单的指标、建立火险等级的计算算法和评估尺度。作为初始数据，使用了气象观测档案中的公开数据和联邦林业局远程监测信息系统（ISDM-Rosleskhoz）中的数据。采用了聚类分析、相关分析和回归分析方法。研究揭示了人口稀少地区森林火灾数量与天气条件的关系。森林火灾数量和面积的周期频率为 3-4 年。为预测森林火灾的次数和面积，考虑了计算累积露点赤字的各种方案。结果发现，10 天内计算的指标相关性最强。在分析了国外根据天气条件评估火灾危险性的经验后，对部分使用澳大利亚 FFDI 指数的可能性进行了假设。在计算中，没有取得令人满意的结果。因此，建议使用 10 天内累积的露点赤字作为森林火险的指标。森林火灾的数量是通过与这一指标的二次函数关系来描述的。根据基于涅斯捷罗夫指数的尺度，制定了评估火灾危险性的尺度。为便于实际使用，还介绍了 MS Office Excel 中的计算算法，这使得在伊尔库茨克州的林业中应用所建议的指标成为可能。基于 10 天内累积露点亏损的指标将使人们能够根据所制定的尺度，利用所述算法和 MS Excel 中的计算宏，根据天气条件检查森林火灾危险状况。
{"title":"Dew Point as a Basis for the Operational Indicator of Forest Fire Danger","authors":"E. Boldanova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-114-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-114-125","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of preventing forest fires and timely mobilization of extinguishing agents is particularly acute in the Irkutsk Region, where forests cover considerable areas. The use of classical indices for assessing forest fire danger does not always provide accurate results in the operational planning of fire extinguishing measures. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and effective indicator for predicting the occurrence of forest fires. The forestries of the Irkutsk Region, which were most severely affected by forest fires, were chosen as the object of this study. In the course of the study, it has been necessary to solve a number of problems, such as assessing the adequacy of the existing methods, developing a more accurate and simple indicator for local conditions, establishing the algorithm for calculating and the scale for assessing the fire danger class. As the initial data, the publicly available data from the meteorological observations archives and the data from the Remote Monitoring Information System of the Federal Forestry Agency (ISDM-Rosleskhoz) have been used. The methods of cluster analysis and correlation and regression analysis have been applied. The dependence of the number of forest fires on weather conditions in sparsely populated areas has been revealed. The frequency of the cycles of the number and area of forest fires is 3–4 years. Various options for calculating the accumulated dewpoint deficit for predicting the number and area of forest fires have been considered. The closest correlation has been found for the indicator calculated over 10 days. Foreign experience in assessing fire danger according to weather conditions having been analyzed, an assumption has been made about the potential partial use of the Australian FFDI index. In the calculations, a satisfactory result has not been achieved. Therefore, it has been proposed to use the accumulated dew-point deficit over 10 days as an indicator of forest fire danger. The number of forest fires is described through the quadratic dependence on this indicator. A scale for assessing fire danger, adapted to the scale based on the Nesterov index, has been developed. For practical use, the calculation algorithm in MS Office Excel has been described, which makes it possible to apply the proposed indicator in the forestries of the Irkutsk Region. The indicator based on the accumulated dew-point deficit over 10 days will make it possible to check the state of forest fire danger according to weather conditions in accordance with the developed scale using the described algorithm and the macro for calculation in MS Excel.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"128 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-152-167
A. A. Kaptelkin, Nadezhda V. Kulikova, Stanislav N. Rykunin
The log cutting theory accepts that the volumetric yield of edged sawn timber from the maximum volume cant will be maximal. According to current standards, edged sawn timber must have specified thickness and width. Some cants are not used for the production of centre yield because the widths of their faces are aliquant of the centre yield thickness. The volume of such cant in centre yield production is not taken into account in the log cutting theory and the conclusion that their volumetric yield from the maximum volume cant will be maximal is not obvious. The 1st stage of cant sawing is obtaining a two-edged cant from a log. At that, due to the deviation of the roundwood axis from the centre line of the sawing pattern, a narrow and a wide face are obtained. We consider the dimensioning of the narrow face of a two-edged cant, as its size determines the volumetric yield of centre yield. Within the narrow face of a two-edged cant 2 zones are allocated: unconditional and probabilistic. In the unconditional zone, an integer number of edged boards is obtained. In the range of roundwood diameters from 17 to 29 cm, only the roundwood with the diameters of 21 and 25 cm have provided the maximum volume two-edged cants, but the volumetric yield of the centre yield from the roundwood of these diameters has not been maximal. It follows from this that the maximum volume cant does not guarantee the maximal volumetric centre yield. The probability zone includes a non-integer number of edged boards. It is impossible to determine their number in an analytical way, so the methods of probability theory have been used. The distribution function of the narrow face of a two-edged cant has been derived. In order to use the distribution function to obtain a non-integer number of edged boards, the width of the probability zone has been calculated, as well as the size of the part of the probability zone decisive in obtaining a non-integer number of edged boards and the confidence interval. Further, the “Distribution function of the width of the narrow face of a two-edged cant” table was used to determine the non-integer number of edged boards. Obtaining the noninteger number of the edged boards from a two-edged cant can be implemented in practice using changeable or adjacent sawing patterns. The presented results can be applied when determining the number of sorting groups of roundwood before its feeding to the sawmill and when changing the technology of centre yield production.
{"title":"Increasing Sawn Timber Yield in Cant Sawing","authors":"A. A. Kaptelkin, Nadezhda V. Kulikova, Stanislav N. Rykunin","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-152-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-152-167","url":null,"abstract":"The log cutting theory accepts that the volumetric yield of edged sawn timber from the maximum volume cant will be maximal. According to current standards, edged sawn timber must have specified thickness and width. Some cants are not used for the production of centre yield because the widths of their faces are aliquant of the centre yield thickness. The volume of such cant in centre yield production is not taken into account in the log cutting theory and the conclusion that their volumetric yield from the maximum volume cant will be maximal is not obvious. The 1st stage of cant sawing is obtaining a two-edged cant from a log. At that, due to the deviation of the roundwood axis from the centre line of the sawing pattern, a narrow and a wide face are obtained. We consider the dimensioning of the narrow face of a two-edged cant, as its size determines the volumetric yield of centre yield. Within the narrow face of a two-edged cant 2 zones are allocated: unconditional and probabilistic. In the unconditional zone, an integer number of edged boards is obtained. In the range of roundwood diameters from 17 to 29 cm, only the roundwood with the diameters of 21 and 25 cm have provided the maximum volume two-edged cants, but the volumetric yield of the centre yield from the roundwood of these diameters has not been maximal. It follows from this that the maximum volume cant does not guarantee the maximal volumetric centre yield. The probability zone includes a non-integer number of edged boards. It is impossible to determine their number in an analytical way, so the methods of probability theory have been used. The distribution function of the narrow face of a two-edged cant has been derived. In order to use the distribution function to obtain a non-integer number of edged boards, the width of the probability zone has been calculated, as well as the size of the part of the probability zone decisive in obtaining a non-integer number of edged boards and the confidence interval. Further, the “Distribution function of the width of the narrow face of a two-edged cant” table was used to determine the non-integer number of edged boards. Obtaining the noninteger number of the edged boards from a two-edged cant can be implemented in practice using changeable or adjacent sawing patterns. The presented results can be applied when determining the number of sorting groups of roundwood before its feeding to the sawmill and when changing the technology of centre yield production.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-9-22
S. Shevelev, Sergey V. Usov, Larisa I. Romanova
The forest-steppes of Central Siberia occupying submontane troughs and intermountain basins separated by taiga vegetation are considered insular. Forest woody vegetation is mainly represented by birch, aspen, larch and pine stands. A decisive role in the ecological sustainability of forest areas is played by larch plantations. This study has aimed to identify the characteristics of the dynamics of individual forest elements in the mixed deciduous stands within the forest area. The tasks have been to identify the characteristics of the forest area, characterize the dynamics of the taxation parameters of major and minor elements of the mixed stands and assess the contribution of the stands to the carbon balance. The work is based on the data of 548 strata. We have established the characteristics of the forest area age structure and how the stands of various completeness and productivity are represented in it. We have also estimated the variability of the average stands taxation parameters in different age periods. The average values obtained have become the basis for mathematical modeling of the table of the dynamics of the taxation parameters of the mixed stands. It turns out that the process to a reasonable degree of adequacy is reflected by the Weibull distribution. The accuracy of the equations has been estimated by the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error of the equation (S). On the basis of the obtained mathematical models, we have constructed the table of the dynamics of the average taxation parameters of the stands of the forest elements and of the mixed stand as a whole. The biological system of forest woody vegetation under consideration has a significant carbon sequestration potential. However, there is currently no generally accepted procedure for assessing the effectiveness of this process. Russian and foreign researchers have collected a large amount of data from different regions, but they have been using different methods. To estimate carbon stocks in the stands that are the object of the study, we have used the conversion-volume method for estimating carbon stocks in forest plantations. The result is the obtained data illustrating the dynamics of carbon stocks in the aspen-birch stands in the insular forest-steppes of Central Siberia.
中西伯利亚的森林草原位于亚山地槽谷和山间盆地，被泰加植被隔开，被认为是孤立的。林木植被主要以桦树、杨树、落叶松和松树为主。落叶松人工林对林区的生态可持续性起着决定性作用。这项研究旨在确定林区内落叶混交林中各个森林要素的动态特征。其任务是确定林区的特征、混合林分主要和次要元素的税收参数动态特征，以及评估林分对碳平衡的贡献。这项工作以 548 个地层的数据为基础。我们确定了林区年龄结构的特征，以及不同完整性和生产力的林分在其中的体现方式。我们还估算了不同龄期平均林分税率参数的变化情况。所获得的平均值已成为混合林分赋税参数动态表数学建模的基础。结果表明，Weibull 分布合理地反映了这一过程。方程的准确性是通过决定系数 (R2) 和方程标准误差 (S) 来估算的。根据所获得的数学模型，我们构建了森林要素林分和混交林分整体的平均税收参数动态表。我们所研究的森林木本植被生物系统具有巨大的固碳潜力。然而，目前还没有公认的程序来评估这一过程的有效性。俄罗斯和外国研究人员从不同地区收集了大量数据，但他们使用的方法各不相同。为了估算研究对象林分的碳储量，我们采用了转换体积法估算人工林的碳储量。由此获得的数据说明了中西伯利亚内陆森林草原杨桦林碳储量的动态变化。
{"title":"Assessment of the Sequestration Potential of the Aspen-Birch Stands in the Insular Forest-Steppes of Central Siberia","authors":"S. Shevelev, Sergey V. Usov, Larisa I. Romanova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-9-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-9-22","url":null,"abstract":"The forest-steppes of Central Siberia occupying submontane troughs and intermountain basins separated by taiga vegetation are considered insular. Forest woody vegetation is mainly represented by birch, aspen, larch and pine stands. A decisive role in the ecological sustainability of forest areas is played by larch plantations. This study has aimed to identify the characteristics of the dynamics of individual forest elements in the mixed deciduous stands within the forest area. The tasks have been to identify the characteristics of the forest area, characterize the dynamics of the taxation parameters of major and minor elements of the mixed stands and assess the contribution of the stands to the carbon balance. The work is based on the data of 548 strata. We have established the characteristics of the forest area age structure and how the stands of various completeness and productivity are represented in it. We have also estimated the variability of the average stands taxation parameters in different age periods. The average values obtained have become the basis for mathematical modeling of the table of the dynamics of the taxation parameters of the mixed stands. It turns out that the process to a reasonable degree of adequacy is reflected by the Weibull distribution. The accuracy of the equations has been estimated by the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error of the equation (S). On the basis of the obtained mathematical models, we have constructed the table of the dynamics of the average taxation parameters of the stands of the forest elements and of the mixed stand as a whole. The biological system of forest woody vegetation under consideration has a significant carbon sequestration potential. However, there is currently no generally accepted procedure for assessing the effectiveness of this process. Russian and foreign researchers have collected a large amount of data from different regions, but they have been using different methods. To estimate carbon stocks in the stands that are the object of the study, we have used the conversion-volume method for estimating carbon stocks in forest plantations. The result is the obtained data illustrating the dynamics of carbon stocks in the aspen-birch stands in the insular forest-steppes of Central Siberia.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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