Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-201-215
V. Chernov, Ilschat G. Gaisin, Anzhelika N. Nosova, Elena M. Maltseva
In this article, the technological aspects of obtaining a new effective composite material based on thermally modified wood filler and cement binders – thermal wood concrete – are considered. The influence of water content in thermally modified wood filler on the qualitative characteristics of a wood-cement composition has been studied. To solve the theoretical problems and applied issues of forecasting the technological parameters for the production of thermal wood-cement composition, the mathematical models of the effect of soaking duration and water temperature on the relative change in the mass (dampening) of the filler have been developed. At the initial stage, experimental studies have been carried out to determine the effect of pre-soaking the filler on the curing of thermal wood concrete and the quality of the resulting material. The samples have been produced via vibrocompression of a semi-dry mixture using dry and pre-soaked filler made of thermally modified wood, as well as via vibratory casting. The regularities of moisture transfer between the filler and the cement-sand mortar have been determined, and it has also been established that pre-soaking the thermally modified filler has a positive effect on the strength and quality characteristics of thermal wood concrete. On the contrary, the use of the dry filler made of thermally modified wood in this molding method has a significant negative impact on the quality of the finished material. The process of moisture absorption by the thermally modified wood filler by soaking has been studied separately. The main regularities and features of water sorption by the filler have been established at the time intervals of 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 minutes and at the water temperatures of 3–4, 16–18 and 75–85 ℃. It has also been determined that additional water heating significantly accelerates the intensity of water sorption and the degree of dampening of thermally modified wood fillers, and the size of their particles does not play a significant role in the process. In this case, the recommended duration of soaking the thermally modified wood filler before preparing the mixture and molding the products made of thermal wood concrete via semi-dry vibrocompression is 30 minutes.
{"title":"Water Absorption of Thermally Modified Wood Filler of Thermal Wood-Cement Composition","authors":"V. Chernov, Ilschat G. Gaisin, Anzhelika N. Nosova, Elena M. Maltseva","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-201-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-201-215","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the technological aspects of obtaining a new effective composite material based on thermally modified wood filler and cement binders – thermal wood concrete – are considered. The influence of water content in thermally modified wood filler on the qualitative characteristics of a wood-cement composition has been studied. To solve the theoretical problems and applied issues of forecasting the technological parameters for the production of thermal wood-cement composition, the mathematical models of the effect of soaking duration and water temperature on the relative change in the mass (dampening) of the filler have been developed. At the initial stage, experimental studies have been carried out to determine the effect of pre-soaking the filler on the curing of thermal wood concrete and the quality of the resulting material. The samples have been produced via vibrocompression of a semi-dry mixture using dry and pre-soaked filler made of thermally modified wood, as well as via vibratory casting. The regularities of moisture transfer between the filler and the cement-sand mortar have been determined, and it has also been established that pre-soaking the thermally modified filler has a positive effect on the strength and quality characteristics of thermal wood concrete. On the contrary, the use of the dry filler made of thermally modified wood in this molding method has a significant negative impact on the quality of the finished material. The process of moisture absorption by the thermally modified wood filler by soaking has been studied separately. The main regularities and features of water sorption by the filler have been established at the time intervals of 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 minutes and at the water temperatures of 3–4, 16–18 and 75–85 ℃. It has also been determined that additional water heating significantly accelerates the intensity of water sorption and the degree of dampening of thermally modified wood fillers, and the size of their particles does not play a significant role in the process. In this case, the recommended duration of soaking the thermally modified wood filler before preparing the mixture and molding the products made of thermal wood concrete via semi-dry vibrocompression is 30 minutes.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"162 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-142-151
V. N. Ermolin, M. A. Bayandin, A. V. Namyatov, Nikolay V. Smertin
A number of industries require materials with a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE), in particular, in the production of satellite spherical antennas. The latter are formed from composites containing carbon fibers and synthetic resins. The composition is cured by heating up to 180 °C. This leads to a thermal expansion of the mold and a change in the geometric characteristics of the product. Therefore, specific requirements are imposed on the materials for making molds. The high cost of special materials used for molds determines the need to search for other materials with a low CLTE. Wood is a possible solution to this problem. Its CLTE along the fibers is less than that of the vast majority of materials, and is approximately 3 ‧ 10-6 K–1, which is comparable to special materials. However, the expansion of wood across the fibers is much higher than the longitudinal one, which excludes the use of solid wood. Anisotropy can be reduced by creating a composite in which the fibers are uniformly oriented in all structural directions, bringing the value of wood expansion across the fibers closer to the value of expansion along the fibers. The traditional approach to producing wood composites, based on the use of synthetic adhesives, fails to achieve a noticeable reduction in thermal expansion due to the high CLTE of adhesives The use of boards made of hydrodynamically activated wood particles without binders is promising. Three series of experiments have been carried out: with varying the density of the boards, preliminary thermal modification of the original wood and the use of alkali during hydrodynamic processing. The thermal expansion study has been carried out using the NETZSCH DIL-402 C induction dilatometer in dynamic mode with a heating rate of 2 K/min. It has been established that thermal expansion increases with increasing density.The average CLTE at a density of 950 kg/m3 is 12 ‧10–6 K–1 and at a density of 1,100 kg/m3 it is 17‧10–6 K–1. At a comparable density, the thermal expansion of boards without binders is significantly lower than that of fiberboards (MDF). Preliminary thermal modification of wood does not significantly affect the CLTE of the boards. The use of alkali in the hydrodynamic treatment also has no effect.
{"title":"Wood-Composite Boards with a Low Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion","authors":"V. N. Ermolin, M. A. Bayandin, A. V. Namyatov, Nikolay V. Smertin","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-142-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-142-151","url":null,"abstract":"A number of industries require materials with a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE), in particular, in the production of satellite spherical antennas. The latter are formed from composites containing carbon fibers and synthetic resins. The composition is cured by heating up to 180 °C. This leads to a thermal expansion of the mold and a change in the geometric characteristics of the product. Therefore, specific requirements are imposed on the materials for making molds. The high cost of special materials used for molds determines the need to search for other materials with a low CLTE. Wood is a possible solution to this problem. Its CLTE along the fibers is less than that of the vast majority of materials, and is approximately 3 ‧ 10-6 K–1, which is comparable to special materials. However, the expansion of wood across the fibers is much higher than the longitudinal one, which excludes the use of solid wood. Anisotropy can be reduced by creating a composite in which the fibers are uniformly oriented in all structural directions, bringing the value of wood expansion across the fibers closer to the value of expansion along the fibers. The traditional approach to producing wood composites, based on the use of synthetic adhesives, fails to achieve a noticeable reduction in thermal expansion due to the high CLTE of adhesives The use of boards made of hydrodynamically activated wood particles without binders is promising. Three series of experiments have been carried out: with varying the density of the boards, preliminary thermal modification of the original wood and the use of alkali during hydrodynamic processing. The thermal expansion study has been carried out using the NETZSCH DIL-402 C induction dilatometer in dynamic mode with a heating rate of 2 K/min. It has been established that thermal expansion increases with increasing density.The average CLTE at a density of 950 kg/m3 is 12 ‧10–6 K–1 and at a density of 1,100 kg/m3 it is 17‧10–6 K–1. At a comparable density, the thermal expansion of boards without binders is significantly lower than that of fiberboards (MDF). Preliminary thermal modification of wood does not significantly affect the CLTE of the boards. The use of alkali in the hydrodynamic treatment also has no effect.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"101 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-76-89
Natal’ya V. Laur, Anatoliy P. Tsarev, R. Tsareva, V. Tsarev
Archives of clones (ACs) of plus trees (PTs) are laid to preserve their genotypes. The genotype of each plus tree is unique, and its loss is irreplaceable. In addition, scientific observations are carried out in the archives, in particular, the selection of clones for forest seed orchards (FCOs) of increased genetic value (FSO-I,5). The aim of this research has been to study the dynamics of creating and preserving the archives of clones, as well as their state, in Russia in general and in the Republic of Karelia in particular. As of 2019 there were 31,514 plus trees in the Russian Federation, and the archives of clones covered an area of 573.6 ha, or 17 % less than in 1976. In the Republic of Karelia, despite discarding 40 % of them, as of 01.01.2023, there were 1,486 plus trees, including 1,100 trees of the most valuable forest species – Scots pine. Only 12.8 % of the progeny of this species grow in the archives of clones (8.4 % of a total of 1,695 selected Scots pine plus trees). For a full-fledged archive of clones (1,695 pcs. of the progeny of Scots pine plus trees), it is required to additionally plant 38.9 ha (in two repetitions – 81.3 ha) of trees. First of all, it is necessary to create the archives of clones of Scots pine from the plus trees listed in the register of the Republic of Karelia as of 2023 (1,110 pcs.). In this case, the area of additional planting will be 52 ha. To date, the selection inventory of forests in Russia as a whole and its regions, including the Republic of Karelia, has been partially completed, i.e. the selection of plus trees, considering the huge size of forested area, has also been carried out to a limited extent. Meanwhile, it is the plus plantations, plus trees and forest seed orchards created by their clone progeny that are a sample of the best phenotypic gene pool of the main forest-forming species, both in the regions of the RF and in the country as a whole. But over time these objects are aging, dying and being cut down. The best specimens may not always be preserved even in forest seed orchards and matrix plantations (MPs). Constant deforestation, a decrease in the age of felling, and the natural aging of certified plus tress necessitate the resumption of systematic selection of plus trees in the best ripening plantations of the Republic, especially its northern and central parts, and the cultivation of the best trees in the archives of clones in the form of clone progeny. This article indicates the importance of clone archives for preserving the valuable gene pool of forest woody plants and their use even in the event of the disappearance of plus trees in the places of selection and registration.
{"title":"The Archives of Clones of Scots Pine Plus Trees in the Republic of Karelia","authors":"Natal’ya V. Laur, Anatoliy P. Tsarev, R. Tsareva, V. Tsarev","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-76-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-76-89","url":null,"abstract":"Archives of clones (ACs) of plus trees (PTs) are laid to preserve their genotypes. The genotype of each plus tree is unique, and its loss is irreplaceable. In addition, scientific observations are carried out in the archives, in particular, the selection of clones for forest seed orchards (FCOs) of increased genetic value (FSO-I,5). The aim of this research has been to study the dynamics of creating and preserving the archives of clones, as well as their state, in Russia in general and in the Republic of Karelia in particular. As of 2019 there were 31,514 plus trees in the Russian Federation, and the archives of clones covered an area of 573.6 ha, or 17 % less than in 1976. In the Republic of Karelia, despite discarding 40 % of them, as of 01.01.2023, there were 1,486 plus trees, including 1,100 trees of the most valuable forest species – Scots pine. Only 12.8 % of the progeny of this species grow in the archives of clones (8.4 % of a total of 1,695 selected Scots pine plus trees). For a full-fledged archive of clones (1,695 pcs. of the progeny of Scots pine plus trees), it is required to additionally plant 38.9 ha (in two repetitions – 81.3 ha) of trees. First of all, it is necessary to create the archives of clones of Scots pine from the plus trees listed in the register of the Republic of Karelia as of 2023 (1,110 pcs.). In this case, the area of additional planting will be 52 ha. To date, the selection inventory of forests in Russia as a whole and its regions, including the Republic of Karelia, has been partially completed, i.e. the selection of plus trees, considering the huge size of forested area, has also been carried out to a limited extent. Meanwhile, it is the plus plantations, plus trees and forest seed orchards created by their clone progeny that are a sample of the best phenotypic gene pool of the main forest-forming species, both in the regions of the RF and in the country as a whole. But over time these objects are aging, dying and being cut down. The best specimens may not always be preserved even in forest seed orchards and matrix plantations (MPs). Constant deforestation, a decrease in the age of felling, and the natural aging of certified plus tress necessitate the resumption of systematic selection of plus trees in the best ripening plantations of the Republic, especially its northern and central parts, and the cultivation of the best trees in the archives of clones in the form of clone progeny. This article indicates the importance of clone archives for preserving the valuable gene pool of forest woody plants and their use even in the event of the disappearance of plus trees in the places of selection and registration.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"208 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-166-177
D. Tarabukin, E. Patova, I. Novakovskaya
This article presents the information on the valorization of waste generated during the production of tissue paper. The possibility of bioconversion of the polysaccharide part of paper sludge into simple sugars has been evaluated. The options for processing the paper sludge before enzymic hydrolysis to achieve the maximum yield of monosaccharides have been considered. Pretreatment with acids has been found to be a key step before the biocatalytic cleavage of waste polysaccharides. An additional yield of enzymic hydrolysis products after pretreatment with acids has been obtained by pre-extraction of the paper sludge with spirit or acetone. It has been established that the most intense enzymic hydrolysis of readily available fractions of the paper sludge takes place in the first 10–12 hours. Further, the process slows down, probably due to the action of the remaining components of the fillers, as well as an increase in the proportion of the difficult-to-hydrolyze polysaccharide part. In all cases, the proportion of absolutely dry non-hydrolyzed residue has been about 43±2 % of the dry matter of the paper sludge. The main products of enzymic hydrolysis have been glucose and xylose. The resulting sugars have been used for mixotrophic cultivation of the Tetradesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris algae. Yeast strains have been selected for the conversion of monosaccharides from the paper sludge. In a series of experiments on non-sterile yeast cultivation, the Candida utilis PAL D and Debaryomyces hansenii SWING R cultures have turned out to be the most productive (within 2.10±0.14 g of air-dry yeast weight/dm3 per 24 hours). The degree of conversion of hydrolysate sugars has been 70±2 %. Most of the remaining sugars (about 80 %) have been represented by xylose. Complete utilization of the sugars has taken place on the 2nd day when having added an extra nitrogen source to the medium. On the other hand, the spent nutrient medium after yeast separation has been suitable for mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. It has been revealed that the economic costs of pre-treatment of the paper sludge with nitric acid can be leveled by using the resulting salts as a nitrogen source for cultivating yeast. In doing so, the yield of yeast biomass increases by almost 2 times.
本文介绍了卫生纸生产过程中产生的废弃物的价值化信息。评估了将造纸污泥中的多糖部分生物转化为单糖的可能性。还考虑了在酶水解前处理造纸污泥以获得最大单糖产量的方案。研究发现，在生物催化裂解废多糖之前，用酸进行预处理是一个关键步骤。在用酸进行预处理后，通过用酒精或丙酮对造纸污泥进行预萃取，可获得额外的酶水解产物产量。已经证实，在最初的 10-12 小时内，造纸污泥中容易获得的部分会发生最强烈的酶水解作用。随后，这一过程会减慢，这可能是由于填料中剩余成分的作用，以及难以水解的多糖部分比例的增加。在所有情况下，绝对干燥的非水解残渣占造纸污泥干物质的比例约为 43±2%。酶水解的主要产物是葡萄糖和木糖。由此产生的糖分被用于混合培养四裂殖藻和小球藻。从造纸污泥中筛选出酵母菌株，用于转化单糖。在一系列非无菌酵母培养实验中，结果表明 Candida utilis PAL D 和 Debaryomyces hansenii SWING R 培养物的产量最高（每 24 小时风干酵母重量/立方米在 2.10±0.14 克以内）。水解糖的转化率为 70±2 %。其余大部分糖分（约 80%）为木糖。在培养基中添加额外的氮源后，糖的完全利用发生在第二天。另一方面，酵母分离后的废营养培养基适用于微藻类的混养培养。研究表明，用硝酸预处理造纸污泥所产生的盐类作为氮源培养酵母，可以降低经济成本。这样，酵母生物量的产量几乎增加了 2 倍。
{"title":"The Prospects for Advanced Processing of Paper Sludge Using Enzymes, Microalgae and Yeast","authors":"D. Tarabukin, E. Patova, I. Novakovskaya","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-166-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-166-177","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the information on the valorization of waste generated during the production of tissue paper. The possibility of bioconversion of the polysaccharide part of paper sludge into simple sugars has been evaluated. The options for processing the paper sludge before enzymic hydrolysis to achieve the maximum yield of monosaccharides have been considered. Pretreatment with acids has been found to be a key step before the biocatalytic cleavage of waste polysaccharides. An additional yield of enzymic hydrolysis products after pretreatment with acids has been obtained by pre-extraction of the paper sludge with spirit or acetone. It has been established that the most intense enzymic hydrolysis of readily available fractions of the paper sludge takes place in the first 10–12 hours. Further, the process slows down, probably due to the action of the remaining components of the fillers, as well as an increase in the proportion of the difficult-to-hydrolyze polysaccharide part. In all cases, the proportion of absolutely dry non-hydrolyzed residue has been about 43±2 % of the dry matter of the paper sludge. The main products of enzymic hydrolysis have been glucose and xylose. The resulting sugars have been used for mixotrophic cultivation of the Tetradesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris algae. Yeast strains have been selected for the conversion of monosaccharides from the paper sludge. In a series of experiments on non-sterile yeast cultivation, the Candida utilis PAL D and Debaryomyces hansenii SWING R cultures have turned out to be the most productive (within 2.10±0.14 g of air-dry yeast weight/dm3 per 24 hours). The degree of conversion of hydrolysate sugars has been 70±2 %. Most of the remaining sugars (about 80 %) have been represented by xylose. Complete utilization of the sugars has taken place on the 2nd day when having added an extra nitrogen source to the medium. On the other hand, the spent nutrient medium after yeast separation has been suitable for mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. It has been revealed that the economic costs of pre-treatment of the paper sludge with nitric acid can be leveled by using the resulting salts as a nitrogen source for cultivating yeast. In doing so, the yield of yeast biomass increases by almost 2 times.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"246 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-118-127
Sergey A. Chudinov
The most important factor in increasing the efficiency of the development of forest tracts is the development and improvement of the transport and operational condition of the network of logging roads. Inert road construction materials, such as sand, crushed stone, crushed stone-sand mixture or gravel-sand mixture, are traditionally used for the construction of pavements for logging roads. However, in the areas with a shortage of these materials, the cost of road construction increases significantly. An alternative technology that can significantly reduce or completely eliminate the use of inert road construction materials is the stabilization of local soils for the construction of pavement structural layers. The soil stabilization technology consists in mixing them with binders and compacting them at the optimal moisture content of the mixture. In doing so, the resulting material acquires the desired strength and frost resistance. The most effective and common binder for soil stabilization is Portland cement. However, along with high strength properties and frost resistance, cement soils, due to their crystalline structure, have low crack resistance, which worsens transport and operational performance and shortens the service life of road pavements. One of the rational solutions for increasing the security of soil stabilization for the construction of road pavements is the installation of fiber cement soil layers. The object of this research is fiber cement soil for the construction of structural layers of road pavements for logging roads. The aim is to improve the physical and mechanical properties and frost resistance of soils stabilized with Portland cement with the addition of the material based on basalt fiber. Laboratory tests of compressive and tensile strength during splitting, as well as frost resistance of fiber cement soils of various compositions were carried out in accordance with GOST R 70452–2022. According to the data obtained, fiber cement soil has higher strength and frost resistance compared to cement soil. The fibers distributed throughout the cement-soil matrix effectively perceive external loads, providing high physical and mechanical indicators, and therefore crack and frost resistance of the material. The use of fiber cement soil for the construction of pavements for logging roads will increase the durability and reliability of their operation, as well as reduce the costs of construction and operation of road transport infrastructure of forest tracts.
提高林地开发效率的最重要因素是发展和改善伐木道路网的运输和运行状况。惰性筑路材料，如沙子、碎石、碎石-沙子混合物或砾石-沙子混合物，传统上用于建造伐木道路的路面。然而，在这些材料短缺的地区，筑路成本大幅增加。另一种可大幅减少或完全消除使用惰性筑路材料的替代技术是稳定当地土壤以建造路面结构层。土壤稳定化技术包括将土壤与粘结剂混合，并在混合物的最佳含水量下将其压实。这样，得到的材料就能获得所需的强度和抗冻性。用于稳定土壤的最有效和最常见的粘合剂是硅酸盐水泥。然而，除了高强度和抗冻性之外，水泥壤土由于其结晶结构，抗裂性较低，从而降低了运输和运行性能，缩短了路面的使用寿命。为提高路面施工土壤稳定的安全性，合理的解决方案之一是设置纤维水泥土层。本研究的目标是纤维水泥土用于修建伐木公路的路面结构层。目的是通过添加基于玄武岩纤维的材料，改善硅酸盐水泥稳定土的物理机械性能和抗冻性。根据 GOST R 70452-2022，对各种成分的纤维水泥土进行了劈裂时的抗压和抗拉强度以及抗冻性的实验室测试。根据获得的数据，纤维水泥土比水泥土具有更高的强度和抗冻性。分布在水泥土基质中的纤维能有效感知外部荷载，提供较高的物理和机械指标，从而提高材料的抗裂性和抗冻性。使用纤维水泥土建造伐木道路路面将提高道路的耐久性和运行可靠性，并降低林区道路交通基础设施的建设和运行成本。
{"title":"Fiber Cement Soil in the Construction of Pavements for Logging Roads","authors":"Sergey A. Chudinov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-118-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-118-127","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factor in increasing the efficiency of the development of forest tracts is the development and improvement of the transport and operational condition of the network of logging roads. Inert road construction materials, such as sand, crushed stone, crushed stone-sand mixture or gravel-sand mixture, are traditionally used for the construction of pavements for logging roads. However, in the areas with a shortage of these materials, the cost of road construction increases significantly. An alternative technology that can significantly reduce or completely eliminate the use of inert road construction materials is the stabilization of local soils for the construction of pavement structural layers. The soil stabilization technology consists in mixing them with binders and compacting them at the optimal moisture content of the mixture. In doing so, the resulting material acquires the desired strength and frost resistance. The most effective and common binder for soil stabilization is Portland cement. However, along with high strength properties and frost resistance, cement soils, due to their crystalline structure, have low crack resistance, which worsens transport and operational performance and shortens the service life of road pavements. One of the rational solutions for increasing the security of soil stabilization for the construction of road pavements is the installation of fiber cement soil layers. The object of this research is fiber cement soil for the construction of structural layers of road pavements for logging roads. The aim is to improve the physical and mechanical properties and frost resistance of soils stabilized with Portland cement with the addition of the material based on basalt fiber. Laboratory tests of compressive and tensile strength during splitting, as well as frost resistance of fiber cement soils of various compositions were carried out in accordance with GOST R 70452–2022. According to the data obtained, fiber cement soil has higher strength and frost resistance compared to cement soil. The fibers distributed throughout the cement-soil matrix effectively perceive external loads, providing high physical and mechanical indicators, and therefore crack and frost resistance of the material. The use of fiber cement soil for the construction of pavements for logging roads will increase the durability and reliability of their operation, as well as reduce the costs of construction and operation of road transport infrastructure of forest tracts.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"142 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-105-117
A. Osipenko, S. Zalesov
The aim of this study is to assess the qualitative characteristics of the crowns, stems and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in cultivated stands of a dry forest on gently sloping hills thinned in a regular-uniform manner, as well as to develop proposals for production based on the data obtained. The stands under study grow in the southwestern part of the ribbon forests of the Altai Territory in the territory of the Klyuchevskoye forestry. The thinning was carried out in 2016 as part of the planned forest maintenance activities. The field stage of the research was completed in 2022. The sample plots laid had a rectangular shape and a square of at least 0.25 ha. The assessment of the qualitative characteristics of the trees has been carried out in accordance with the classification proposed by G.A. Chibisov et al. The significance of differences (or their absence) in the tree distribution by quality categories in the plots has been established using the χ2 test for comparing two distributions. The article presents the taxation characteristics of the main forest element of the stands under study, the quality indices for the assessed tree indicators, and the graphs of tree distribution by diameter and quality classes. It has been found that most of the trees have poor crowns (27–45 %) and growth (14–41 %). Such indicators are a consequence of an excessively high density of the stands and the lack of timely thinning. Regular-uniform thinning of moderate and moderately high intensity has contributed to an increase in the quality class of the trees. The impact of high and very high intensity thinning on the stands has been negative. Based on the conducted research, it is recommended to carry out thinning at an earlier age of the stand, abandon the regular-uniform thinning in favor of selective thinning using the grassroots method (if possible) and carry out thinning along the largest exploitable diameter of 10 cm in the studied forest stands and similar ones. The study can be continued by establishing the optimal exploitable diameter in younger plantations and in other types of forests, as well as determining the intervals of optimal density of pine stands of different ages and different types of forest. The results obtained can be useful in designing economic activities in the study area.
{"title":"Formation of Tree Morphology in Cultivated Pine Stands","authors":"A. Osipenko, S. Zalesov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-105-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-105-117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to assess the qualitative characteristics of the crowns, stems and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in cultivated stands of a dry forest on gently sloping hills thinned in a regular-uniform manner, as well as to develop proposals for production based on the data obtained. The stands under study grow in the southwestern part of the ribbon forests of the Altai Territory in the territory of the Klyuchevskoye forestry. The thinning was carried out in 2016 as part of the planned forest maintenance activities. The field stage of the research was completed in 2022. The sample plots laid had a rectangular shape and a square of at least 0.25 ha. The assessment of the qualitative characteristics of the trees has been carried out in accordance with the classification proposed by G.A. Chibisov et al. The significance of differences (or their absence) in the tree distribution by quality categories in the plots has been established using the χ2 test for comparing two distributions. The article presents the taxation characteristics of the main forest element of the stands under study, the quality indices for the assessed tree indicators, and the graphs of tree distribution by diameter and quality classes. It has been found that most of the trees have poor crowns (27–45 %) and growth (14–41 %). Such indicators are a consequence of an excessively high density of the stands and the lack of timely thinning. Regular-uniform thinning of moderate and moderately high intensity has contributed to an increase in the quality class of the trees. The impact of high and very high intensity thinning on the stands has been negative. Based on the conducted research, it is recommended to carry out thinning at an earlier age of the stand, abandon the regular-uniform thinning in favor of selective thinning using the grassroots method (if possible) and carry out thinning along the largest exploitable diameter of 10 cm in the studied forest stands and similar ones. The study can be continued by establishing the optimal exploitable diameter in younger plantations and in other types of forests, as well as determining the intervals of optimal density of pine stands of different ages and different types of forest. The results obtained can be useful in designing economic activities in the study area.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-11-28
Aleksandr S. Alekseev, Dmitriy M. Chernikhovskiy
Damage to forest stands and their death as a result of outbreaks of destructive insects and diseases occur over significant areas and represent an important forestry problem. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use materials from remote sensing of the Earth, since damaged and dead forests can occupy significant areas, from remote еach other. The article presents a methodology for assessing the state of forest stands and the impact of forest pests and diseases on them based on the joint processing of data from a regular grid of sample plots and materials from remote sensing of the Earth via geoinformational technologies, variance and regression analyses. The sample plots have been laid according to the ICPForests methodology and have characterized the general background of the state of the forests in the study area of the North-Western and central parts of the Leningrad Region, where the foci of forest pests and diseases reproduction have been identified at the same time. The applicability of 2 vegetation indices – normalized difference (NDVI) and short–wave (SWVI), as well as the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), the normalized burn ratio (NBR) and the spectral characteristics of the corresponding channels of the Sentinel-2B image to identify the foci of forest damage by pests and diseases has been assessed. Statistically significant relationships between the state of the stands and the values of the listed indices have been established. It has been shown that the foci of pests and diseases reproduction are reliably detected using the materials from remote sensing of the Earth against the general background of the state of the forests represented by the regular grid of sample plots. A thematic map of the stands has been developed dividing them into 2 groups of state classes: healthy and weakened stands; suppressed stands and deadwood. Its accuracy was assessed via the support vector machine (SVM) on the basis of the combination of ground and remote sensing data. To assess the adequacy of the automatic classification, the error matrix and the calculation of the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient have been used. The coefficient has turned out equal to 0.878, which indicates a high quality of the classification. It has been shown that the developed thematic map is applicable for detecting potential foci of forest pests and diseases reproduction in the study area.
{"title":"Identification of Damage to Coniferous Stands Based on Comprehensive Analysis of the Results of Remote Sensing of the Earth and Ground Surveys","authors":"Aleksandr S. Alekseev, Dmitriy M. Chernikhovskiy","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-11-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-11-28","url":null,"abstract":"Damage to forest stands and their death as a result of outbreaks of destructive insects and diseases occur over significant areas and represent an important forestry problem. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use materials from remote sensing of the Earth, since damaged and dead forests can occupy significant areas, from remote еach other. The article presents a methodology for assessing the state of forest stands and the impact of forest pests and diseases on them based on the joint processing of data from a regular grid of sample plots and materials from remote sensing of the Earth via geoinformational technologies, variance and regression analyses. The sample plots have been laid according to the ICPForests methodology and have characterized the general background of the state of the forests in the study area of the North-Western and central parts of the Leningrad Region, where the foci of forest pests and diseases reproduction have been identified at the same time. The applicability of 2 vegetation indices – normalized difference (NDVI) and short–wave (SWVI), as well as the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), the normalized burn ratio (NBR) and the spectral characteristics of the corresponding channels of the Sentinel-2B image to identify the foci of forest damage by pests and diseases has been assessed. Statistically significant relationships between the state of the stands and the values of the listed indices have been established. It has been shown that the foci of pests and diseases reproduction are reliably detected using the materials from remote sensing of the Earth against the general background of the state of the forests represented by the regular grid of sample plots. A thematic map of the stands has been developed dividing them into 2 groups of state classes: healthy and weakened stands; suppressed stands and deadwood. Its accuracy was assessed via the support vector machine (SVM) on the basis of the combination of ground and remote sensing data. To assess the adequacy of the automatic classification, the error matrix and the calculation of the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient have been used. The coefficient has turned out equal to 0.878, which indicates a high quality of the classification. It has been shown that the developed thematic map is applicable for detecting potential foci of forest pests and diseases reproduction in the study area.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"167 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-152-165
L. V. Yurtayeva, Yuri D. Alashkevich, Elena A. Slizikova, Evgeniy V. Kaplyov, Snezhana A. Pozharkova
The article shows the possibility of intensifying the process of producing microcrystalline cellulose via pregrinding of fibrous semi-finished products before hydrolysis. The technological factors determining the grinding of fibrous materials have been considered. The efficiency of the microcrystalline cellulose production process is influenced by the choice of its production technology. For grinding, a semi-industrial disc mill with a tacking with rectilinear and curvilinear knives has been used. Multiphysics models of the flow of fibrous mass in the grinding zone of a disc mill with different knife tacking patterns have been constructed. The morphological properties of the fiber have been measured on the Morfi Neo automatic fiber analyzer after grinding to 65 °SR. The nature of the change in the properties of bleached sulfate hardwood and softwood cellulose has been analyzed. It has been found that it is identical for all degrees of grinding, but the quantitative characteristics change to the greatest extent when grinding softwood cellulose using a tacking with rectilinear knives: the weighted average length of fibers decreases by 17 %, the width – by 14 %; the content of broken fibers increases by 22 %, the content of fines along the length – by 67 % and the fibrillation index – by 1.9 times. A comparative analysis of the values of the degree of polymerization depending on the knife tacking pattern has been carried out. The conditions for producing microcrystalline cellulose after grinding the fibrous mass in a semi-industrial disc mill, depending on the degree of grinding, have been determined. It has been shown that with an increase in the degree of grinding of the fibrous mass from 15 to 65 °SR, the degree of polymerization of microcrystalline cellulose decreases from 272 to 120, the concentration of hydrochloric acid – from 2.5 to 1.5 N and the duration of hydrolysis – from 120 to 90 min. The developed method for producing microcrystalline cellulose makes it possible to reduce the cost of chemical treatment of the fibrous mass (acid concentration, treatment duration and hydrolysis temperature) by 1.5 times.
{"title":"The Effect of the Knife Tacking Type on the Process of Producing Microcrystalline Cellulose","authors":"L. V. Yurtayeva, Yuri D. Alashkevich, Elena A. Slizikova, Evgeniy V. Kaplyov, Snezhana A. Pozharkova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-152-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-152-165","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the possibility of intensifying the process of producing microcrystalline cellulose via pregrinding of fibrous semi-finished products before hydrolysis. The technological factors determining the grinding of fibrous materials have been considered. The efficiency of the microcrystalline cellulose production process is influenced by the choice of its production technology. For grinding, a semi-industrial disc mill with a tacking with rectilinear and curvilinear knives has been used. Multiphysics models of the flow of fibrous mass in the grinding zone of a disc mill with different knife tacking patterns have been constructed. The morphological properties of the fiber have been measured on the Morfi Neo automatic fiber analyzer after grinding to 65 °SR. The nature of the change in the properties of bleached sulfate hardwood and softwood cellulose has been analyzed. It has been found that it is identical for all degrees of grinding, but the quantitative characteristics change to the greatest extent when grinding softwood cellulose using a tacking with rectilinear knives: the weighted average length of fibers decreases by 17 %, the width – by 14 %; the content of broken fibers increases by 22 %, the content of fines along the length – by 67 % and the fibrillation index – by 1.9 times. A comparative analysis of the values of the degree of polymerization depending on the knife tacking pattern has been carried out. The conditions for producing microcrystalline cellulose after grinding the fibrous mass in a semi-industrial disc mill, depending on the degree of grinding, have been determined. It has been shown that with an increase in the degree of grinding of the fibrous mass from 15 to 65 °SR, the degree of polymerization of microcrystalline cellulose decreases from 272 to 120, the concentration of hydrochloric acid – from 2.5 to 1.5 N and the duration of hydrolysis – from 120 to 90 min. The developed method for producing microcrystalline cellulose makes it possible to reduce the cost of chemical treatment of the fibrous mass (acid concentration, treatment duration and hydrolysis temperature) by 1.5 times.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"186 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-49-64
I. Kamalova, Мarta Yu. Peturenko, Аlina P. Degtyareva, N. F. Kuznetsova, N. I. Vnukova
The article presents the results of studу of the genetic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the ecologically favorable territory of the steppe zone of European Russia. 35–year-old pine forest plantations (the Voronezh Region, Kantemirovskiy District, the 3rd bonitet class, forest site type – A1, a random sample, 60 trees) have been chosen as the object of the study. Genetic diversity has been examined on the basis of the microsatellite analysis of 18 SSR-loci (14 EST-SSR-loci and 4 nSSR-loci) and two isozymic loci (shikimate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase – or Skdh and Gdh, respectively). It has been revealed that in the studied population, all the used microsatellite loci, with the exception of lw_isotig02842, are polymorphic. The average values of genetic variability calculated from the microsatellite loci have been obtained: the proportion of the polymorphic loci – 94.44 %, the average number of alleles per locus – 3.500, the average effective number of alleles – 2.466, the observed and expected heterozygosity – 0.209 and 0.493 respectively; the Wright fixation index – 0.577. In terms of the level of allelic diversity, the plantation is characterized by relatively lower values of genetic and statistical population parameters (the average observed and expected heterozygosity) compared to the natural forest-steppe populations of the Central Chernozem Region. A high positive Wright fixation index indicates the presence of an increased proportion of inbreeding in the steppe population trees. The reasons and possible nature of the revealed phenomenon are discussed. Based on the isoenzyme analysis, the genetic structure of the Skdh and Gdh loci is examined. The results of the analysis indicate a high frequency of the rapid allele Skdh-11 (82 %) and the embryonic semi-lethal allele Gdh-11 (22 %), which, apparently, can be considered as one of the mechanisms of the population adaptation to the conditions of a warmer and drier climate of the steppe region. A deficiency of glutamate dehydrogenase heterozygotes has been established. It has also been noted that the groups of EST-SSR-loci and nSSR-loci differ in the level of genetic variability and population structure. It has been shown that the combined use of different types of genetic markers makes it possible to obtain more complete and objective information on the distinctive features of the genetic structure of pine forests in the optimal and pessimal zones of the range. The studied 18 microsatellite loci can be used to assess the genetic diversity of Scots pine populations and trees in the steppe region of European Russia.
{"title":"The Genetic Structure Features of the Pinus sylvestris L. Population in the Steppe Zone of European Russia","authors":"I. Kamalova, Мarta Yu. Peturenko, Аlina P. Degtyareva, N. F. Kuznetsova, N. I. Vnukova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-49-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-49-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studу of the genetic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the ecologically favorable territory of the steppe zone of European Russia. 35–year-old pine forest plantations (the Voronezh Region, Kantemirovskiy District, the 3rd bonitet class, forest site type – A1, a random sample, 60 trees) have been chosen as the object of the study. Genetic diversity has been examined on the basis of the microsatellite analysis of 18 SSR-loci (14 EST-SSR-loci and 4 nSSR-loci) and two isozymic loci (shikimate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase – or Skdh and Gdh, respectively). It has been revealed that in the studied population, all the used microsatellite loci, with the exception of lw_isotig02842, are polymorphic. The average values of genetic variability calculated from the microsatellite loci have been obtained: the proportion of the polymorphic loci – 94.44 %, the average number of alleles per locus – 3.500, the average effective number of alleles – 2.466, the observed and expected heterozygosity – 0.209 and 0.493 respectively; the Wright fixation index – 0.577. In terms of the level of allelic diversity, the plantation is characterized by relatively lower values of genetic and statistical population parameters (the average observed and expected heterozygosity) compared to the natural forest-steppe populations of the Central Chernozem Region. A high positive Wright fixation index indicates the presence of an increased proportion of inbreeding in the steppe population trees. The reasons and possible nature of the revealed phenomenon are discussed. Based on the isoenzyme analysis, the genetic structure of the Skdh and Gdh loci is examined. The results of the analysis indicate a high frequency of the rapid allele Skdh-11 (82 %) and the embryonic semi-lethal allele Gdh-11 (22 %), which, apparently, can be considered as one of the mechanisms of the population adaptation to the conditions of a warmer and drier climate of the steppe region. A deficiency of glutamate dehydrogenase heterozygotes has been established. It has also been noted that the groups of EST-SSR-loci and nSSR-loci differ in the level of genetic variability and population structure. It has been shown that the combined use of different types of genetic markers makes it possible to obtain more complete and objective information on the distinctive features of the genetic structure of pine forests in the optimal and pessimal zones of the range. The studied 18 microsatellite loci can be used to assess the genetic diversity of Scots pine populations and trees in the steppe region of European Russia.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"210 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-128-141
Vadim O. Nikonov, Valeryi I. Posmetyev, Andrey Yu. Manukovskii, Viktor V. Posmetyev, I. Sizmin
The main advantages and peculiarities of the interaction of the links of a logging road train when moving during wood hauling along under-equipped logging roads are considered. Based on the analysis of the results of the research carried out by Russian and foreign authors, promising ways to improve the efficiency of logging trucks with trailers have been identified. The main disadvantages of the existing designs of the devices for coupling logging trucks with trailers have been presented. An improved design of the regenerative pneumohydraulic rod of the coupler of a road train has been proposed, which ensures a reduction in the maximum efforts during the dynamic interaction of the links, an increase in the road train reliability, the possibility of the power fluid energy recovery with its subsequent beneficial use, as well as the effect of self-pulling of the road train, improving its cross-country ability in the conditions of under-equipped logging roads. It has been revealed that the optimal internal diameter of 2 double-acting hydraulic cylinders connected in series with the free ends is within the range of 95 to 105 mm. With such a diameter, the recovered power reaches 4 kW, the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer is in the range of 0.75 to 0.83 m/s2. The movement of a logging road train in the studied conditions at a speed of 20 to 60 km/h is accompanied by a change in the average recovered power from 1.8 to 11.3 kW and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer – from 0.2 to 1.4 m/s2. It has been determined that at average heights of support surface irregularities of 0.1 to 0.2 m, characteristic of typical under-equipped logging roads, the average recovered power is in the range of 2.2 to 4.1 kW and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer is in the range of 0.26 to 0.53 m/s2. The optimal stroke of the regenerative pneumohydraulic rod of the coupler of a road train is 0.55 m, the optimal rate of lengthening (or shortening) of the rod is 0.28 m/s. This ensures the average self-pulling speed of 0.22 m/s, the mean displacement of a logging road train of 0.11 m per one cycle of lengthening (or shortening) of the rod and the power recovered by the rod of 1.75 kW.
{"title":"Optimization of the Design Parameters of the Regenerative Rod of a Logging Road Train","authors":"Vadim O. Nikonov, Valeryi I. Posmetyev, Andrey Yu. Manukovskii, Viktor V. Posmetyev, I. Sizmin","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-128-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-128-141","url":null,"abstract":"The main advantages and peculiarities of the interaction of the links of a logging road train when moving during wood hauling along under-equipped logging roads are considered. Based on the analysis of the results of the research carried out by Russian and foreign authors, promising ways to improve the efficiency of logging trucks with trailers have been identified. The main disadvantages of the existing designs of the devices for coupling logging trucks with trailers have been presented. An improved design of the regenerative pneumohydraulic rod of the coupler of a road train has been proposed, which ensures a reduction in the maximum efforts during the dynamic interaction of the links, an increase in the road train reliability, the possibility of the power fluid energy recovery with its subsequent beneficial use, as well as the effect of self-pulling of the road train, improving its cross-country ability in the conditions of under-equipped logging roads. It has been revealed that the optimal internal diameter of 2 double-acting hydraulic cylinders connected in series with the free ends is within the range of 95 to 105 mm. With such a diameter, the recovered power reaches 4 kW, the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer is in the range of 0.75 to 0.83 m/s2. The movement of a logging road train in the studied conditions at a speed of 20 to 60 km/h is accompanied by a change in the average recovered power from 1.8 to 11.3 kW and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer – from 0.2 to 1.4 m/s2. It has been determined that at average heights of support surface irregularities of 0.1 to 0.2 m, characteristic of typical under-equipped logging roads, the average recovered power is in the range of 2.2 to 4.1 kW and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer is in the range of 0.26 to 0.53 m/s2. The optimal stroke of the regenerative pneumohydraulic rod of the coupler of a road train is 0.55 m, the optimal rate of lengthening (or shortening) of the rod is 0.28 m/s. This ensures the average self-pulling speed of 0.22 m/s, the mean displacement of a logging road train of 0.11 m per one cycle of lengthening (or shortening) of the rod and the power recovered by the rod of 1.75 kW.","PeriodicalId":508281,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal)","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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