Pub Date : 2016-05-14DOI: 10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8191
Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi, E. Githumbi, L. Shotter, S. Rucina, R. Marchant
Lophopodella capensis (Sollas, 1908) is only known from a limited number of palustrine and lacustrine sites in southern Africa and single sites in both Kenya and Israel. Statoblasts of L. capensis were found preserved in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene aged sediments of Enapuiyapui wetland, Eastern Mau Forest, western Kenya. he wetland is a headwater microcatchment of tributaries that feed into the Mara River and the Lake Victoria Basin. Bryozoan taxa were not surveyed in a 2007 macroinvertebrate biodiversity assessment. he presence of L. capensis at this site marks the second observation of this taxon in Kenya, 65 km from Lake Naivasha, where observed prior, and in a location some 1000 meters higher. he results suggest Bryozoa should be included in aquatic biodiversity surveys that target these wetlands and that bryozoan remains should be incorporated into palaeoecological studies as useful palaeoenvironmental indicators.
{"title":"Subfossil statoblasts of Lophopodella capensis (Sollas, 1908) (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata, Lophopodidae) in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of a montane wetland, Eastern Mau Forest, Kenya","authors":"Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi, E. Githumbi, L. Shotter, S. Rucina, R. Marchant","doi":"10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8191","url":null,"abstract":"Lophopodella capensis (Sollas, 1908) is only known from a limited number of palustrine and lacustrine sites in southern Africa and single sites in both Kenya and Israel. Statoblasts of L. capensis were found preserved in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene aged sediments of Enapuiyapui wetland, Eastern Mau Forest, western Kenya. he wetland is a headwater microcatchment of tributaries that feed into the Mara River and the Lake Victoria Basin. Bryozoan taxa were not surveyed in a 2007 macroinvertebrate biodiversity assessment. he presence of L. capensis at this site marks the second observation of this taxon in Kenya, 65 km from Lake Naivasha, where observed prior, and in a location some 1000 meters higher. he results suggest Bryozoa should be included in aquatic biodiversity surveys that target these wetlands and that bryozoan remains should be incorporated into palaeoecological studies as useful palaeoenvironmental indicators.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-04DOI: 10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8449
R. Oliarinony, J. Elouard, M. Sartori
Based on a large collection of material from the East Coast of Madagascar, we redescribe the endemic genus and species Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. The male imago is described for the first time and details on the nymphal stage is provided, especially on the gill formula. The species Manohyphellaanimosa McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 and Manohyphellasphyxia McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 are considered as subjective junior synonyms of Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. Notes on the life cycle of the species in the Andasibe area is presented, as well as data about the density of the populations. Manohyphellakeiseri is an inhabitant of pristine running waters in rainforests and is therefore a good indicator for habitat quality.
{"title":"Complementary description of the genus Manohyphella Allen, 1973 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae), with some comments on its ecology in the Andasibe area (East Coast, Madagascar)","authors":"R. Oliarinony, J. Elouard, M. Sartori","doi":"10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8449","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a large collection of material from the East Coast of Madagascar, we redescribe the endemic genus and species Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. The male imago is described for the first time and details on the nymphal stage is provided, especially on the gill formula. The species Manohyphellaanimosa McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 and Manohyphellasphyxia McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 are considered as subjective junior synonyms of Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. Notes on the life cycle of the species in the Andasibe area is presented, as well as data about the density of the populations. Manohyphellakeiseri is an inhabitant of pristine running waters in rainforests and is therefore a good indicator for habitat quality.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-04DOI: 10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8459
M. Laird, C. Griffiths
The last monograph on South African sea anemones was published by Carlgren more than 75 years ago. Since that time, very little taxonomic research has been undertaken on this group and only seven additional species have been added to the regional fauna. In this study we document the history of taxonomic research and of species discovery for the South African anemone fauna, report on further additions to the fauna, and document expanded distributional ranges of known species. This study presents data from our own collections, as well as from the examination of historical data and museum collections, and from photographic records and specimens collected by SCUBA divers. Based on these data, two newly-discovered, but still un-described species, along with 12 new records, are added to the list of South African sea anemones. In addition, the ranges of 39 previously-known species are expanded. These new discoveries raise the total number of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia species recognised from South African waters to 63.
{"title":"Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species","authors":"M. Laird, C. Griffiths","doi":"10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/AFRINVERTEBR.57.8459","url":null,"abstract":"The last monograph on South African sea anemones was published by Carlgren more than 75 years ago. Since that time, very little taxonomic research has been undertaken on this group and only seven additional species have been added to the regional fauna. In this study we document the history of taxonomic research and of species discovery for the South African anemone fauna, report on further additions to the fauna, and document expanded distributional ranges of known species. This study presents data from our own collections, as well as from the examination of historical data and museum collections, and from photographic records and specimens collected by SCUBA divers. Based on these data, two newly-discovered, but still un-described species, along with 12 new records, are added to the list of South African sea anemones. In addition, the ranges of 39 previously-known species are expanded. These new discoveries raise the total number of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia species recognised from South African waters to 63.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70393352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A key to the males of Atherigona s. str. species is provided and all species known to occur in South Africa are treated. The number of previously described species known to occur in South Africa is increased to 43 from the approximate previous 35, and an additional 25 new species: A. albicornis sp. n., A. capitulata sp. n., A. chrysohypene sp. n., A. convexa sp. n., A. danielssoni sp. n., A. erectisetula sp. n., A. flavifinis sp. n., A. flaviheteropalpata sp. n., A. heteropalpata sp. n., A. kirkspriggsi sp. n., A. latibasilaris sp. n., A. libertensis sp. n., A. londti sp. n., A. ndumoensis sp. n., A. nesshurstensis sp. n., A. oblonga sp. n., A. parviclivis sp. n., A. parvihumilata sp. n., A. piscatoris sp. n., A. rimapicis sp. n., A. stuckenbergi sp. n., A. tigris sp. n., A. umbonata sp. n., A. vernoni sp. n. and A. zulu sp. n. are described. A. hancocki van Emden, 1940 is designated as junior synonym to A. divergens Stein, 1913.
{"title":"Illustrated Key and Systematics of Male South African Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae)","authors":"B. Muller","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A key to the males of Atherigona s. str. species is provided and all species known to occur in South Africa are treated. The number of previously described species known to occur in South Africa is increased to 43 from the approximate previous 35, and an additional 25 new species: A. albicornis sp. n., A. capitulata sp. n., A. chrysohypene sp. n., A. convexa sp. n., A. danielssoni sp. n., A. erectisetula sp. n., A. flavifinis sp. n., A. flaviheteropalpata sp. n., A. heteropalpata sp. n., A. kirkspriggsi sp. n., A. latibasilaris sp. n., A. libertensis sp. n., A. londti sp. n., A. ndumoensis sp. n., A. nesshurstensis sp. n., A. oblonga sp. n., A. parviclivis sp. n., A. parvihumilata sp. n., A. piscatoris sp. n., A. rimapicis sp. n., A. stuckenbergi sp. n., A. tigris sp. n., A. umbonata sp. n., A. vernoni sp. n. and A. zulu sp. n. are described. A. hancocki van Emden, 1940 is designated as junior synonym to A. divergens Stein, 1913.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The hermatypic coral fauna of the Western Indian Ocean is one of the least known globally. This is true of the East African Coast and especially Mozambique, where taxonomic studies are scarce and date mostly from decades ago. The morphology of coral species is subjected to a high level of geographical and environmental variability, which leads to difficulties in field identification and may limit the level of taxonomic resolution at which coral studies can be conducted. Thorough examination of collected specimens can provide more reliable identification of species and more importantly provide a physical record that can be studied further. We collected and identified 32 species of corals from the genus Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Acroporidae) of Vamizi Island, northern Mozambique, and present an annotated and illustrated checklist of species. These species records illustrate the high diversity of Acropora in Vamizi, which is comparable to the diversity of this genus in the region. This study can help assess the biodiversity of the region and provides a baseline against which changes can be closely monitored.
{"title":"An Annotated and Illustrated Checklist of Species of the Coral Genus Acropora (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) from Vamizi Island, Mozambique","authors":"E. Sola, I. Silva, D. Glassom","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0320","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hermatypic coral fauna of the Western Indian Ocean is one of the least known globally. This is true of the East African Coast and especially Mozambique, where taxonomic studies are scarce and date mostly from decades ago. The morphology of coral species is subjected to a high level of geographical and environmental variability, which leads to difficulties in field identification and may limit the level of taxonomic resolution at which coral studies can be conducted. Thorough examination of collected specimens can provide more reliable identification of species and more importantly provide a physical record that can be studied further. We collected and identified 32 species of corals from the genus Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Acroporidae) of Vamizi Island, northern Mozambique, and present an annotated and illustrated checklist of species. These species records illustrate the high diversity of Acropora in Vamizi, which is comparable to the diversity of this genus in the region. This study can help assess the biodiversity of the region and provides a baseline against which changes can be closely monitored.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nxele, S. Lamani, G. Measey, A. Armstrong, J. D. Plisko, S. Willows‐Munro, C. Janion‐Scheepers, J.R.U. Wilson
ABSTRACT Earthworms are an important component of southern African invertebrate diversity, due both to their influential roles in soil ecosystems, and the relatively large number of species. As of 2010, there were 282 indigenous earthworm species (most endemic) known to South Africa belonging to three families: Microchaetidae, Tritogeniidae and Acanthodrilidae. In addition, 44 introduced species from six families had been recorded. However, earthworms are rarely included in environmental monitoring or conservation programmes—partly because sampling and species identification are difficult and many sampling methods are destructive and/or toxic. In this paper we review the earthworm sampling techniques most commonly used by screening data from a digitised literature collection on South African earthworms and on-line global searches. By examining a case study sampling of three vegetation types, this paper highlights taxonomic challenges and the effort required to properly curate specimens. The study provides recommendations for future sampling and highlights some key priorities for future work on the group. From the literature review in early 2012, it is clear that collection techniques are often insufficiently recorded in published work. A total of 10 938 publications from the period 1950 to 2012 were found from the literature search and digitised collection and from these only 32 papers recorded the sampling methodology (mainly hand sorting) for South African research, pointing to the need to adopt standard sampling and reporting protocols. We also tested two of the most popular methodologies in the field. Sampling was conducted in January and February 2012 at four sites, with 24 plots at each site (12 digging and 12 using mustard extraction). A total of 2 094 earthworms collected could be assigned a species name, with introduced species predominating at both disturbed and natural sites. It took a team of three to five people digging and hand collecting all earthworm specimens encountered in a plot of 50 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm deep around 45 to 60 minutes. However, much more time was spent curating and identifying samples. While we recommend following the ISO (ISO11268-3, ISO23611-1) protocol for collecting introduced taxa, to get a complete inventory of South African earthworms a range of sampling techniques will be required; in particular, a large 1 m × 1 m × 20 cm plot is required for many large bodied native taxa, and the collection of giant earthworms will require different approaches. The identification of specimens requires skills that are scarce in the country and so there is an urgent need for training and funding for fundamental work on earthworm taxonomy. An atlasing project could serve as a focal point for future research. In providing some general recommendations based on the long and fruitful history of research on earthworms in South Africa, we are optimistic that a better understanding of the group will help us to both improve our usag
蚯蚓是南部非洲无脊椎动物多样性的重要组成部分，因为它们在土壤生态系统中具有重要作用，而且物种数量相对较多。截至2010年，南非已知的本土蚯蚓共有282种(大多数是地方性的)，分属三个科:微毛虫科、三毛虫科和棘蚓科。此外，还记录到6科44种引种。然而，蚯蚓很少被纳入环境监测或保护计划，部分原因是取样和物种鉴定困难，许多取样方法具有破坏性和/或毒性。在本文中，我们回顾了最常用的蚯蚓取样技术，即从南非蚯蚓的数字化文献收集和在线全球搜索中筛选数据。通过对三种植被类型的案例研究，本文强调了分类学上的挑战和正确管理标本所需的努力。该研究为未来的抽样提供了建议，并强调了未来对该群体工作的一些关键优先事项。从2012年初的文献综述来看，很明显，收集技术在已发表的作品中往往没有得到充分的记录。从文献检索和数字化收集中共发现了1950年至2012年期间的10938份出版物，其中只有32篇论文记录了南非研究的抽样方法(主要是手工分类)，这表明需要采用标准的抽样和报告协议。我们还测试了该领域中最流行的两种方法。2012年1月和2月在4个地点进行抽样，每个地点24块(12块挖掘，12块榨取)。共收集到2094条蚯蚓，可指定种名，在受干扰的地点和自然地点均以引进种为主。在一块50厘米× 50厘米× 20厘米深的土地上，一个由3到5个人组成的团队在45到60分钟的时间里挖掘和手工收集了所有遇到的蚯蚓标本。然而，花在整理和鉴定样本上的时间要多得多。虽然我们建议按照ISO (ISO11268-3, ISO23611-1)协议收集引入的分类群，但要获得南非蚯蚓的完整清单，将需要一系列采样技术;特别是，许多大型原生类群需要1 m × 1 m × 20 cm的大样地，而巨型蚯蚓的采集则需要不同的方法。标本鉴定需要的技能在该国是稀缺的，因此迫切需要培训和资助蚯蚓分类学的基础工作。一个绘图项目可以作为未来研究的焦点。在根据对南非蚯蚓的长期和富有成果的研究历史提出一些一般性建议时，我们乐观地认为，更好地了解这一群体将有助于我们改进对自然资源的利用，并对这一至关重要的地理群体提供深入的了解。
{"title":"Studying Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in South Africa","authors":"T. Nxele, S. Lamani, G. Measey, A. Armstrong, J. D. Plisko, S. Willows‐Munro, C. Janion‐Scheepers, J.R.U. Wilson","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Earthworms are an important component of southern African invertebrate diversity, due both to their influential roles in soil ecosystems, and the relatively large number of species. As of 2010, there were 282 indigenous earthworm species (most endemic) known to South Africa belonging to three families: Microchaetidae, Tritogeniidae and Acanthodrilidae. In addition, 44 introduced species from six families had been recorded. However, earthworms are rarely included in environmental monitoring or conservation programmes—partly because sampling and species identification are difficult and many sampling methods are destructive and/or toxic. In this paper we review the earthworm sampling techniques most commonly used by screening data from a digitised literature collection on South African earthworms and on-line global searches. By examining a case study sampling of three vegetation types, this paper highlights taxonomic challenges and the effort required to properly curate specimens. The study provides recommendations for future sampling and highlights some key priorities for future work on the group. From the literature review in early 2012, it is clear that collection techniques are often insufficiently recorded in published work. A total of 10 938 publications from the period 1950 to 2012 were found from the literature search and digitised collection and from these only 32 papers recorded the sampling methodology (mainly hand sorting) for South African research, pointing to the need to adopt standard sampling and reporting protocols. We also tested two of the most popular methodologies in the field. Sampling was conducted in January and February 2012 at four sites, with 24 plots at each site (12 digging and 12 using mustard extraction). A total of 2 094 earthworms collected could be assigned a species name, with introduced species predominating at both disturbed and natural sites. It took a team of three to five people digging and hand collecting all earthworm specimens encountered in a plot of 50 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm deep around 45 to 60 minutes. However, much more time was spent curating and identifying samples. While we recommend following the ISO (ISO11268-3, ISO23611-1) protocol for collecting introduced taxa, to get a complete inventory of South African earthworms a range of sampling techniques will be required; in particular, a large 1 m × 1 m × 20 cm plot is required for many large bodied native taxa, and the collection of giant earthworms will require different approaches. The identification of specimens requires skills that are scarce in the country and so there is an urgent need for training and funding for fundamental work on earthworm taxonomy. An atlasing project could serve as a focal point for future research. In providing some general recommendations based on the long and fruitful history of research on earthworms in South Africa, we are optimistic that a better understanding of the group will help us to both improve our usag","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Afromosia, a new monotypic genus of Afrotropical Asilidae (Laphriinae; Atomosiini), is described, illustrated and discussed. The type species, A. barkemeyeri sp. n., is recorded only for the West African country of Cameroon. The new taxa are discussed and a key for the separation of Afrotropical Atomosiini is provided.
{"title":"Afromosia, a New Robber Fly Genus from Cameroon (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae: Atomosiini)","authors":"J. Londt","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Afromosia, a new monotypic genus of Afrotropical Asilidae (Laphriinae; Atomosiini), is described, illustrated and discussed. The type species, A. barkemeyeri sp. n., is recorded only for the West African country of Cameroon. The new taxa are discussed and a key for the separation of Afrotropical Atomosiini is provided.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A checklist of Caliscelidae known from Madagascar is provided. Campures pallens gen. n. et sp. n. is described from Toliara Province. Notes on the evolution and biogeography of the family Caliscelidae are given.
摘要本文提供了一份马达加斯加岛已知的刺蝇科昆虫清单。来自托利亚拉省的Campures pallens gen. n.等。本文还介绍了萼蕨科的进化和生物地理学。
{"title":"Madagascan Caliscelidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea): Current Knowledge and Description of a New Genus and Species","authors":"V. Gnezdilov","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A checklist of Caliscelidae known from Madagascar is provided. Campures pallens gen. n. et sp. n. is described from Toliara Province. Notes on the evolution and biogeography of the family Caliscelidae are given.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Afrotropical species of genus Spheginobaccha are reviewed and a new identification key is provided. Two new species are described: S. stuckenbergi from Madagascar and S. pamela from South Africa.
{"title":"In Honor of Brian Stuckenberg: Two New Spheginobaccha Species of Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Afrotropics","authors":"F. Thompson, M. Hauser","doi":"10.5733/AFIN.056.0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/AFIN.056.0318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Afrotropical species of genus Spheginobaccha are reviewed and a new identification key is provided. Two new species are described: S. stuckenbergi from Madagascar and S. pamela from South Africa.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/AFIN.056.0318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Most terrestrial isopods are ground-dwelling, scavenging detritivores, and rarely eat live vegetation. Here we report field and laboratory observations of the semi-terrestrial South African isopod, Tylos capensis Krauss, feeding above ground on live green leaves of the bietou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh. The factors involved in the origin of this unusual arboreal feeding behavior are unknown, but we discuss three possible, not mutually exclusive, hypotheses that require testing: (1) Umhlanga beach, South Africa (our study site), provides insufficient detrital food to support the dense populations of T. capensis found in this area, thus causing these animals to seek out other food sources, (2) the relatively palatable and abundant C. monilifera leaves provide an easily accessible and digestible food source, and (3) few competing insect herbivores feed on C. monilifera leaves at Umhlanga beach, thus locally freeing up this resource for T. capensis.
{"title":"Arboreal Herbivory by a Semi-Terrestrial South African Isopod Crustacean, Tylos capensis Krauss (Isopoda: Tylidae), on the Bietou Bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh","authors":"D. S. Glazier, E. Kleynhans","doi":"10.5733/afin.056.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most terrestrial isopods are ground-dwelling, scavenging detritivores, and rarely eat live vegetation. Here we report field and laboratory observations of the semi-terrestrial South African isopod, Tylos capensis Krauss, feeding above ground on live green leaves of the bietou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh. The factors involved in the origin of this unusual arboreal feeding behavior are unknown, but we discuss three possible, not mutually exclusive, hypotheses that require testing: (1) Umhlanga beach, South Africa (our study site), provides insufficient detrital food to support the dense populations of T. capensis found in this area, thus causing these animals to seek out other food sources, (2) the relatively palatable and abundant C. monilifera leaves provide an easily accessible and digestible food source, and (3) few competing insect herbivores feed on C. monilifera leaves at Umhlanga beach, thus locally freeing up this resource for T. capensis.","PeriodicalId":50843,"journal":{"name":"African Invertebrates","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5733/afin.056.0315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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