O. Y. Yurkevich, T. E. Samatadze, I. Selyutina, S. I. Romashkina, A. R. Semenov, S. A. Zoshchuk, A. V. Amosova, O. Muravenko
A comparative analysis of genomes of six Hedysarum species was carried out using the rapid genomic in situ hybridization (rapidGISH) technique, which makes it possible to identify common highly repetitive DNA sequences, and also shows the patterns of their distribution on chromosomes of the studied species. Dispersed localization of genomic DNA of H. flavescens (sect. Hedysarum) was found on chromosomes of H. alpinum and H. theinum (both belonged to sect. Hedysarum). On chromosomes of H. neglectum from the section Hedysarum, clustered hybridization signals of genomic DNA of H. flavescens were observed. The localization of H. alpinum genomic DNA was found along the all chromosomes of H. flavescens and H. theinum. On chromosomes of H. grandiflorum and H. dahuricum (both from sect. Multicaulia), small clustered and dispersed hybridization signals of genomic DNA of H. flavescens and H. alpinum were found. Thus, in the studied species, common highly repetitive DNA sequences of different types of their chromosome organization were revealed. Our findings indicate the presence of common origin of the species from the sections Hedysarum and Multicaulia with different degree of their relationship.
利用快速基因组原位杂交（rapidGISH）技术对六种绣线菊（Hedysarum）的基因组进行了比较分析，从而确定了常见的高度重复 DNA 序列，并显示了这些序列在所研究物种染色体上的分布模式。在 H. alpinum 和 H. theinum（均属于 Hedysarum 科）的染色体上发现了 H. flavescens（Hedysarum 科）基因组 DNA 的分散定位。在 Hedysarum 节的 H. neglectum 染色体上，观察到 H. flavescens 基因组 DNA 的聚类杂交信号。在 H. flavescens 和 H. theinum 的所有染色体上都发现了 H. alpinum 基因组 DNA 的定位。在 H. grandiflorum 和 H. dahuricum（均为多孔菌科）的染色体上，发现了 H. flavescens 和 H. alpinum 基因组 DNA 的小聚类和分散杂交信号。因此，在所研究的物种中，发现了其染色体组织中不同类型的共同高度重复 DNA 序列。我们的研究结果表明，Hedysarum 和 Multicaulia 两个科的物种存在共同的起源，但它们之间的关系程度不同。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of genomes of six species of Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) by the rapidGISH technique","authors":"O. Y. Yurkevich, T. E. Samatadze, I. Selyutina, S. I. Romashkina, A. R. Semenov, S. A. Zoshchuk, A. V. Amosova, O. Muravenko","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023084","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of genomes of six Hedysarum species was carried out using the rapid genomic in situ hybridization (rapidGISH) technique, which makes it possible to identify common highly repetitive DNA sequences, and also shows the patterns of their distribution on chromosomes of the studied species. Dispersed localization of genomic DNA of H. flavescens (sect. Hedysarum) was found on chromosomes of H. alpinum and H. theinum (both belonged to sect. Hedysarum). On chromosomes of H. neglectum from the section Hedysarum, clustered hybridization signals of genomic DNA of H. flavescens were observed. The localization of H. alpinum genomic DNA was found along the all chromosomes of H. flavescens and H. theinum. On chromosomes of H. grandiflorum and H. dahuricum (both from sect. Multicaulia), small clustered and dispersed hybridization signals of genomic DNA of H. flavescens and H. alpinum were found. Thus, in the studied species, common highly repetitive DNA sequences of different types of their chromosome organization were revealed. Our findings indicate the presence of common origin of the species from the sections Hedysarum and Multicaulia with different degree of their relationship.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Zhivotov, K. K. Ryabova, I. E. Yamskikh, N. V. Stepanov, M. G. Kutsev
Pulsatilla is a genus of ephemeroid grasses characterized by high morphological diversity. The study assessed the genetic polymorphism of 9 populations represented by the species P orientali-sibirica Stepanov, P turczaninovii Krylov and their hybrid P. herba-somnii Stepanov, and P. multifida G. Prizel. As a result of amplification of genomic DNA with 4 ISSR primers, 61 DNA amplicons were obtained. The overall level of polymorphism is 98.36 %. The number of amplified DNA fragments, depending on the primer, varies from 11 (17899A) to 17 (17899 B, HB12). The maximum level of genetic variability was noted for hybrid populations. The coefficient of genetic subdivision (Gst) of the studied populations is 0.4718, which indicates a high level of their differentiation. The dendrogram divides the studied populations into 3 groups, each of which is represented by a separate species, while the hybrid population is combined with P. orientali-sibirica. Phylogenetic analysis of the studied populations combines P orientali-sibirica with P multifida and P turczaninovii with P. herba-somnii. These data demonstrate the intermediate position of the hybrid population of P. herba-somnii. In the study of hybrids, ISSRS are the most informative, since they are evenly distributed across the genome and can show similarities with two parent organisms, whereas chloroplasts are inherited, as a rule, through the maternal line.
白头翁属（Pulsatilla）是一种昙花草属植物，具有形态多样性的特点。本研究评估了以 P orientali-sibirica Stepanov、P turczaninovii Krylov 及其杂交种 P. herba-somnii Stepanov 和 P. multifida G. Prizel 为代表的 9 个种群的遗传多态性。用 4 个 ISSR 引物扩增基因组 DNA 后，得到 61 个 DNA 扩增子。总体多态性水平为 98.36%。根据引物的不同，扩增 DNA 片段的数量从 11 个（17899A）到 17 个（17899B，HB12）不等。杂交种群的遗传变异水平最高。研究种群的遗传细分系数（Gst）为 0.4718，这表明它们的分化程度很高。树枝图将所研究的种群分为 3 组，每组代表一个单独的物种，而杂交种群则与 P. orientali-sibirica 结合在一起。所研究种群的系统发生分析将 P orientali-sibirica 与 P multifida 和 P turczaninovii 与 P. herba-somnii 结合在一起。这些数据证明了 P. herba-somnii 杂交种群的中间位置。在杂交种的研究中，ISSRS 的信息量最大，因为它们在基因组中分布均匀，能显示出与两个亲本生物的相似性，而叶绿体通常是通过母系遗传的。
{"title":"Genetic variability of populations of Pulsatilla species (Ranunculaceae) in the south of Yenisei Siberia","authors":"V. V. Zhivotov, K. K. Ryabova, I. E. Yamskikh, N. V. Stepanov, M. G. Kutsev","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023028","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsatilla is a genus of ephemeroid grasses characterized by high morphological diversity. The study assessed the genetic polymorphism of 9 populations represented by the species P orientali-sibirica Stepanov, P turczaninovii Krylov and their hybrid P. herba-somnii Stepanov, and P. multifida G. Prizel. As a result of amplification of genomic DNA with 4 ISSR primers, 61 DNA amplicons were obtained. The overall level of polymorphism is 98.36 %. The number of amplified DNA fragments, depending on the primer, varies from 11 (17899A) to 17 (17899 B, HB12). The maximum level of genetic variability was noted for hybrid populations. The coefficient of genetic subdivision (Gst) of the studied populations is 0.4718, which indicates a high level of their differentiation. The dendrogram divides the studied populations into 3 groups, each of which is represented by a separate species, while the hybrid population is combined with P. orientali-sibirica. Phylogenetic analysis of the studied populations combines P orientali-sibirica with P multifida and P turczaninovii with P. herba-somnii. These data demonstrate the intermediate position of the hybrid population of P. herba-somnii. In the study of hybrids, ISSRS are the most informative, since they are evenly distributed across the genome and can show similarities with two parent organisms, whereas chloroplasts are inherited, as a rule, through the maternal line.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents new data on the species composition and taxonomic structure of phytoplankton of some water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Pillars National Park according to studies during the open water period of 2022. 95 species and intraspecific taxa were identified, including the taxonomic type of the species, including: Cyanoprokaryota - 7, Dinophyta - 1, Chrysophyta - 5, Euglenophyta - 10, Bacillariophyta - 42, Chlorophyta - 27, Charophyta - 3. 41 new taxa with a rank below the genus have been identified for the territory, including Cyanoprokaryota - 4, Dinophyta - 1, Chrysophyta - 2, Euglenophyta - 8, Bacillariophyta - 10, Chlorophyta - 15, Charophyta - 1.
{"title":"Additions to the phytoplankton of water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Pillars National Park","authors":"K. A. Eichvald, O. Bazhenova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023082","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents new data on the species composition and taxonomic structure of phytoplankton of some water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Pillars National Park according to studies during the open water period of 2022. 95 species and intraspecific taxa were identified, including the taxonomic type of the species, including: Cyanoprokaryota - 7, Dinophyta - 1, Chrysophyta - 5, Euglenophyta - 10, Bacillariophyta - 42, Chlorophyta - 27, Charophyta - 3. 41 new taxa with a rank below the genus have been identified for the territory, including Cyanoprokaryota - 4, Dinophyta - 1, Chrysophyta - 2, Euglenophyta - 8, Bacillariophyta - 10, Chlorophyta - 15, Charophyta - 1.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the mechanisms related to the progressive evolution of plants probably is gene duplications. Paralogous and orthologous gene copies can appear in the genome either as a result of whole genome duplication (WGD), or after segmental or tandem duplications. The proportion of duplicated genes among the protein-coding genes in plant genomes is high (64 % on average), but it is several times less than would be expected if all genes duplicated during WGD were preserved - all plant genomes in that or otherwise lost some of the duplicated genes and transposons. Due to the need to respect the gene dose, for duplicated genes resulting from WGD, the rule applies: genes whose products work as part of multiprotein complexes are preserved, genes following the rule “one gene - one enzyme” prefer a monogenic existence. On the contrary, if duplicated copies of genes appeared in the genome as a result of tandem or segmental duplication, then in the first place, for the same reason, “extra” copies of the genes of the components of heteromeric complexes are lost. The role of tandem duplications in plant evolution, apparently, consists primarily in the fact that they correct the results of the distribution of alleles that remains in the genome of a polyploid or diploid as a result of processes of secondary diploidization and fractionation of neopolyploid genomes, stochastic changes in the set of alleles in comparison with stabilized (passed a long selection).
{"title":"Genetic mechanisms of progressive evolution and speciation in plants: Gene multiplication as a way of an adequate response of the genome to the action of environmental factors","authors":"Родионов А. В Rodionov","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023061","url":null,"abstract":"One of the mechanisms related to the progressive evolution of plants probably is gene duplications. Paralogous and orthologous gene copies can appear in the genome either as a result of whole genome duplication (WGD), or after segmental or tandem duplications. The proportion of duplicated genes among the protein-coding genes in plant genomes is high (64 % on average), but it is several times less than would be expected if all genes duplicated during WGD were preserved - all plant genomes in that or otherwise lost some of the duplicated genes and transposons. Due to the need to respect the gene dose, for duplicated genes resulting from WGD, the rule applies: genes whose products work as part of multiprotein complexes are preserved, genes following the rule “one gene - one enzyme” prefer a monogenic existence. On the contrary, if duplicated copies of genes appeared in the genome as a result of tandem or segmental duplication, then in the first place, for the same reason, “extra” copies of the genes of the components of heteromeric complexes are lost. The role of tandem duplications in plant evolution, apparently, consists primarily in the fact that they correct the results of the distribution of alleles that remains in the genome of a polyploid or diploid as a result of processes of secondary diploidization and fractionation of neopolyploid genomes, stochastic changes in the set of alleles in comparison with stabilized (passed a long selection).","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Danilova, Yury A. Kotukhov, O. A. Anufrieva, A. Sumbembayev
The article discusses the population parameters of a rare relict species Lomelosia austroaltaica in the territory of the Kalba Upland in the Kazakhstan Altai. It has been established that the population is located in the Eastern Kalba on the Medvedka Mountain (Koktau Mountains) as part of the feather grass-lomelosia phytocenosis. The total area occupied by phytocenosis with the participation of Lomelosia austroaltaica, is 2.5 hectares. Vegetation cover is poorly formed, represented by 30 species of flowering plants. The structure and appearance of the phytocenosis are determined by the dominants Stipa capillata- cop2, S. pennata - cop1. In ecological terms, the species composition of the higher vascular plants of the surveyed phytocenosis is formed by xeropetrophytes - 20 species (66.7 %), xeromesophytes - 7 species (23.3 %), mesophytes - 3 species (10 %). The total projective cover is 44.4 %, the proportion of Lomelosia austroaltaica in the phytobiota is 22.2 %, i. e. according to its coenotic features, the species is an assectator. Individuals are scattered and unevenly distributed over the area, their height ranges from 28 to 48 cm (33.6 ± 7.4.6), forming loose sods 47.9 ± 5.2 cm in diameter from 46.3 ± 7.2 cm vegetative and 51.3 ± 10.5 cm generative shoots. A direct dependence of seed productivity on the number of formed heads on a generative shoot was revealed. Mass flowering of individuals was recorded in the second decade of June, the period of seed ripening is late August - early September. The population is normal, incomplete, the age spectrum is left-sided. The ratio of young and adult fractions (pl + j + im) : (v + g) = 11.8 : 7.8 indicates a stable state of the population at the present stage. Mainly seeds maintain the number of individuals. The species needs state protection.
{"title":"Assessment of the population status of the relict species Lomelosia austroaltaica (Bobrov) Sojak in the flora of the Kazakstan Altai","authors":"A. N. Danilova, Yury A. Kotukhov, O. A. Anufrieva, A. Sumbembayev","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023022","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the population parameters of a rare relict species Lomelosia austroaltaica in the territory of the Kalba Upland in the Kazakhstan Altai. It has been established that the population is located in the Eastern Kalba on the Medvedka Mountain (Koktau Mountains) as part of the feather grass-lomelosia phytocenosis. The total area occupied by phytocenosis with the participation of Lomelosia austroaltaica, is 2.5 hectares. Vegetation cover is poorly formed, represented by 30 species of flowering plants. The structure and appearance of the phytocenosis are determined by the dominants Stipa capillata- cop2, S. pennata - cop1. In ecological terms, the species composition of the higher vascular plants of the surveyed phytocenosis is formed by xeropetrophytes - 20 species (66.7 %), xeromesophytes - 7 species (23.3 %), mesophytes - 3 species (10 %). The total projective cover is 44.4 %, the proportion of Lomelosia austroaltaica in the phytobiota is 22.2 %, i. e. according to its coenotic features, the species is an assectator. Individuals are scattered and unevenly distributed over the area, their height ranges from 28 to 48 cm (33.6 ± 7.4.6), forming loose sods 47.9 ± 5.2 cm in diameter from 46.3 ± 7.2 cm vegetative and 51.3 ± 10.5 cm generative shoots. A direct dependence of seed productivity on the number of formed heads on a generative shoot was revealed. Mass flowering of individuals was recorded in the second decade of June, the period of seed ripening is late August - early September. The population is normal, incomplete, the age spectrum is left-sided. The ratio of young and adult fractions (pl + j + im) : (v + g) = 11.8 : 7.8 indicates a stable state of the population at the present stage. Mainly seeds maintain the number of individuals. The species needs state protection.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of Rhaponticum serratuloides on the territory of Kazakhstan has been studied. Rh serratuloides is a typical steppe species with a Pontic-Kazakh-Altai type of habitat. In Kazakhstan, it grows in the steppe zone with a rare occurrence in the northern deserts (Balkhash-Adakol floral district), where it occurs in saline and saline meadows, banks and bottoms of drying salt lakes and rivers. As a result of field research and viewing materials of herbariums AA, LE, MW, KUZ, KG, NUR, the species was found in 13 floristic districts and subdistricts of Kazakhstan. The species was found for the first time in the Tarbagatai floristic district.
{"title":"Distribution of Rhaponticum serratuloides in Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Mamyrova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023041","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of Rhaponticum serratuloides on the territory of Kazakhstan has been studied. Rh serratuloides is a typical steppe species with a Pontic-Kazakh-Altai type of habitat. In Kazakhstan, it grows in the steppe zone with a rare occurrence in the northern deserts (Balkhash-Adakol floral district), where it occurs in saline and saline meadows, banks and bottoms of drying salt lakes and rivers. As a result of field research and viewing materials of herbariums AA, LE, MW, KUZ, KG, NUR, the species was found in 13 floristic districts and subdistricts of Kazakhstan. The species was found for the first time in the Tarbagatai floristic district.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutational witches’ broom (WB) is a fragment of a tree crown with abnormally dense branching and slow shoot growth compared with those of a normal crown. All WBs have thicker and denser crown compared to the normal crown part of their parental tree, but the crown density differs significantly among WBs. There are both relatively loose WBs, whose crown density differ from normal crown part not very strong, and WBs with a very dense crown. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of morphological traits in Pinus sibirica WB clones with different crown densities and to determine which traits contribute most to their differences. The object of the study was clones from 11 mutational WB with different crown density. The density of WB was considered low if it exceeded the density of a normal crown by less than 2 times, medium - by 2-3 times, high - by more than 3 times. Morphological characteristics of crown and shoots were measured in 12-year-old clones. It was found that the higher the WB clone crown density the smaller and less elongated its crown shape, as well as less crown continuity. The basis of this phenotype formation was primarily the shorter length of annual shoots, the reduced level of apical dominance compared to other clone groups, and advanced branching. An additional factor that increased crown density was the significantly shorter internodes compared to the other clone groups. The needle length did not contribute to the differences in crown density of the clones.
{"title":"Diversity in the morphology of clones of witches’ broom in Siberian stone pine","authors":"O. I. Polyakova, E. A. Zhuk","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023052","url":null,"abstract":"Mutational witches’ broom (WB) is a fragment of a tree crown with abnormally dense branching and slow shoot growth compared with those of a normal crown. All WBs have thicker and denser crown compared to the normal crown part of their parental tree, but the crown density differs significantly among WBs. There are both relatively loose WBs, whose crown density differ from normal crown part not very strong, and WBs with a very dense crown. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of morphological traits in Pinus sibirica WB clones with different crown densities and to determine which traits contribute most to their differences. The object of the study was clones from 11 mutational WB with different crown density. The density of WB was considered low if it exceeded the density of a normal crown by less than 2 times, medium - by 2-3 times, high - by more than 3 times. Morphological characteristics of crown and shoots were measured in 12-year-old clones. It was found that the higher the WB clone crown density the smaller and less elongated its crown shape, as well as less crown continuity. The basis of this phenotype formation was primarily the shorter length of annual shoots, the reduced level of apical dominance compared to other clone groups, and advanced branching. An additional factor that increased crown density was the significantly shorter internodes compared to the other clone groups. The needle length did not contribute to the differences in crown density of the clones.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Assylbek, Y. Rakhimova, L. Kyzmetova, G. Sypabekkyzy
The article presents data on the distribution of microscopic fungi of the genera Nectria and Neonectria in the territory of the south-east of Kazakhstan, developing as saprotrophs on fallen or dead branches of the host, or as wound parasites. The material for the research was the authors’ own collections on the territory of the Ile Alatau, Dzhungarian Alatau, Kungey Alatau, the Ketmen, Terskey and Altyn-Emel ridges, as well as herbarium specimens stored in the mycological herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction. 5 species of Nectria and Neonectria were identified, developing on 25 species of feeding plants. Most of the samples are represented by the conidial stage. The most common species is Nectria cinnabarina. Among the most affected species are representatives of the genus Ribes L., as well as the genera Acer L., Betula L., Malus Mill. and Rhamnus L. The maximum number of Nectria and Neonectria species was recorded at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level, which corresponds to the belt of steppes, small-leaved and dark coniferous forests. In the steppe belt, representatives of Nectria and Neonectria are found in floodplain forests and shrubs.
{"title":"Distribution of fungi of the genera Nectria and Neonectria in the southeast of Kazakhstan","authors":"A. M. Assylbek, Y. Rakhimova, L. Kyzmetova, G. Sypabekkyzy","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023004","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the distribution of microscopic fungi of the genera Nectria and Neonectria in the territory of the south-east of Kazakhstan, developing as saprotrophs on fallen or dead branches of the host, or as wound parasites. The material for the research was the authors’ own collections on the territory of the Ile Alatau, Dzhungarian Alatau, Kungey Alatau, the Ketmen, Terskey and Altyn-Emel ridges, as well as herbarium specimens stored in the mycological herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction. 5 species of Nectria and Neonectria were identified, developing on 25 species of feeding plants. Most of the samples are represented by the conidial stage. The most common species is Nectria cinnabarina. Among the most affected species are representatives of the genus Ribes L., as well as the genera Acer L., Betula L., Malus Mill. and Rhamnus L. The maximum number of Nectria and Neonectria species was recorded at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level, which corresponds to the belt of steppes, small-leaved and dark coniferous forests. In the steppe belt, representatives of Nectria and Neonectria are found in floodplain forests and shrubs.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of algoflora studying the Lower Irtysh and its tributary, the Tobol River, are presented. A total of 432 taxa of species and subspecies ranks were identified from 124 of 58 families and 8 departments. For the first time, a systematic list of algae is given. The greatest species and intraspecific richness were characterized by green, diatoms, blue-green (cyanoprokaryotes) and euglenic algae (93 % of the total list). Planktonic species, cosmopolitan species and beta-mesosaprobes predominated. In the phytoplankton of the mouth of the Irtysh, 368 algae taxa with a rank below the genus were registered, in the modern period in the lower reaches - 247, in the Tobol River - 192. The algae of the Lower Irtysh plankton were distinguished by a large variety of green algae and an abundance of diatoms, in the Tobol River -cyanoprokaryotes (August). The estuary section of the Irtysh River was distinguished by the highest level of quantitative development of phytoplankton, diatomaceous plankton. The modern period is characterized by the development of small-cell green algae, diatom-chlorococcal plankton. A high level of development of summer algocenosis caused by the vegetation of cyanoprokaryotes and green algae was observed in the Tobol River. The appearance of cryptomonads in the 2000s indicates organic pollution of the water masses of the surveyed rivers. The obtained materials have a certain scientific and practical value and can be used in biomonitoring.
{"title":"Algae flora of the Lower Irtysh and its tributary, the Tobol River","authors":"L. A. Semenova, M. S. Bondar","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023066","url":null,"abstract":"The results of algoflora studying the Lower Irtysh and its tributary, the Tobol River, are presented. A total of 432 taxa of species and subspecies ranks were identified from 124 of 58 families and 8 departments. For the first time, a systematic list of algae is given. The greatest species and intraspecific richness were characterized by green, diatoms, blue-green (cyanoprokaryotes) and euglenic algae (93 % of the total list). Planktonic species, cosmopolitan species and beta-mesosaprobes predominated. In the phytoplankton of the mouth of the Irtysh, 368 algae taxa with a rank below the genus were registered, in the modern period in the lower reaches - 247, in the Tobol River - 192. The algae of the Lower Irtysh plankton were distinguished by a large variety of green algae and an abundance of diatoms, in the Tobol River -cyanoprokaryotes (August). The estuary section of the Irtysh River was distinguished by the highest level of quantitative development of phytoplankton, diatomaceous plankton. The modern period is characterized by the development of small-cell green algae, diatom-chlorococcal plankton. A high level of development of summer algocenosis caused by the vegetation of cyanoprokaryotes and green algae was observed in the Tobol River. The appearance of cryptomonads in the 2000s indicates organic pollution of the water masses of the surveyed rivers. The obtained materials have a certain scientific and practical value and can be used in biomonitoring.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article gives an assessment of the wealth of the collection fund of representatives of the family Saxifragaceae, growing in the modern period of time in the collection “Alpine Slides” of Peter the Great Botanical Garden and in earlier years. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the lifespan of individual specimens in the collection and to identify plant species that are most resistant to growth in the conditions of St. Petersburg. Currently, in the collection “Alpine Slides”, plants of the family Saxifragaceae are represented by 41 species from 10 genera. The genus Saxifraga is the most diverse in the collection, with 16 species, 10 of which have been added to the collection over the past 10 years. Most of the specimens of representatives of the family Saxifragaceae in the modern collection were obtained from Delectus seeds from Sweden, Poland, Germany and other countries. They were planted in the 20th century; a particularly large influx of species into the collection occurred in the 1950s-1960s. Many samples in the collection exist for more than 60-70 years, which indicates the prospects for the use of many representatives of the family Saxifragaceae in landscaping.
{"title":"The representatives of the family Saxifragaceae in the collection «Alpine Slides» of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS","authors":"O. G. Baranova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023005","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives an assessment of the wealth of the collection fund of representatives of the family Saxifragaceae, growing in the modern period of time in the collection “Alpine Slides” of Peter the Great Botanical Garden and in earlier years. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the lifespan of individual specimens in the collection and to identify plant species that are most resistant to growth in the conditions of St. Petersburg. Currently, in the collection “Alpine Slides”, plants of the family Saxifragaceae are represented by 41 species from 10 genera. The genus Saxifraga is the most diverse in the collection, with 16 species, 10 of which have been added to the collection over the past 10 years. Most of the specimens of representatives of the family Saxifragaceae in the modern collection were obtained from Delectus seeds from Sweden, Poland, Germany and other countries. They were planted in the 20th century; a particularly large influx of species into the collection occurred in the 1950s-1960s. Many samples in the collection exist for more than 60-70 years, which indicates the prospects for the use of many representatives of the family Saxifragaceae in landscaping.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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