This report considers species of herbaceous plants that have areas covering only Central Asia or C. Asia and adjacent regions of Asia, mainly within the Iranian-Turanian floristic region. Species with very large ranges, partially including C. Asia, are not taken into account. 46 species of Central Asian plants are represented in the open ground expositions of the UNN IBBM Botanical Garden, they make up only 4.6 % of the collection of herbaceous introduced plants of the Botanical Garden. More than 70 % of Central Asian plants in the collection are monocots, including 19 species of the genus Allium L. In permanent expositions, most of the plants are grown in rock gardens. The greatest number of problems arose with representatives from Central Asia due to the fact that seeds obtained from different sources often do not germinate. When grown in permanent exposures, a number of specimens of various origins turned out to be unstable, for example: Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. et Schult.f., Rhodiola algida Fisch. et C. A. Mey. Some plants were shortlived, such as those of the genus Juno Tratt. Regularly bloom, bear fruit, grow well vegetatively Gymnospermium albertii (Regel) Takht., Sedum pachyclados Aitch. ex Hemsl., Corydalis nobilis (L.) Pers., Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. altaicum Pall. and other onions, Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk, Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel, T. tarda Stapf and other tulips. Some of them are also included in the lists of seeds offered by the UNN Botanical Garden for exchange (Delectus seminum).
本报告考虑的草本植物物种，其分布范围仅包括中亚或中亚及亚洲邻近地区，主要在伊朗-都兰植物区内。那些分布范围非常广，部分包括中亚地区的物种不在考虑之列。在 UNN IBBM 植物园的露地展览中有 46 种中亚植物，但它们仅占植物园引进草本植物收藏的 4.6%。在永久性展览中，大部分植物都生长在岩石园中。由于从不同来源获得的种子往往不能发芽，因此中亚代表植物出现的问题最多。在长期暴露的环境中生长时，许多不同来源的标本都不稳定，例如例如：Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. et Schult.f.、Rhodiola algida Fisch. et C. A. Mey.有些植物寿命很短，如朱诺属（Juno Tratt）的植物。定期开花、结果、无性系生长良好的有 Gymnospermium albertii (Regel) Takht.、Sedum pachyclados Aitch. ex Hemsl.、Corydalis nobilis (L.) Pers.、Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.、A. altaicum Pall.和其他洋葱、Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk、Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel、T. tarda Stapf 和其他郁金香。其中一些还被列入联合国国家植物园提供的种子交换清单（Delectus semum）。
{"title":"Cultivation of herbaceous plants of Central Asia in various expositions of the open ground of the Botanical Garden of IBBM UNN","authors":"T. R. Khrynova, A. N. Khrynova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023077","url":null,"abstract":"This report considers species of herbaceous plants that have areas covering only Central Asia or C. Asia and adjacent regions of Asia, mainly within the Iranian-Turanian floristic region. Species with very large ranges, partially including C. Asia, are not taken into account. 46 species of Central Asian plants are represented in the open ground expositions of the UNN IBBM Botanical Garden, they make up only 4.6 % of the collection of herbaceous introduced plants of the Botanical Garden. More than 70 % of Central Asian plants in the collection are monocots, including 19 species of the genus Allium L. In permanent expositions, most of the plants are grown in rock gardens. The greatest number of problems arose with representatives from Central Asia due to the fact that seeds obtained from different sources often do not germinate. When grown in permanent exposures, a number of specimens of various origins turned out to be unstable, for example: Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. et Schult.f., Rhodiola algida Fisch. et C. A. Mey. Some plants were shortlived, such as those of the genus Juno Tratt. Regularly bloom, bear fruit, grow well vegetatively Gymnospermium albertii (Regel) Takht., Sedum pachyclados Aitch. ex Hemsl., Corydalis nobilis (L.) Pers., Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. altaicum Pall. and other onions, Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk, Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel, T. tarda Stapf and other tulips. Some of them are also included in the lists of seeds offered by the UNN Botanical Garden for exchange (Delectus seminum).","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the research was to identify the features of the floristic composition of rammunities with representatives of the genus Salsola L. (North-Western (Aksai), Southem, South-Eastem regions of Kazakhstan). Traditional methods of field geobotanical researches were used in the process of studying. As a result of expedition works, 24 studied plant communities (with predominance and participation of various Salsola) were described. Communities differed from each other by species composition, which is caused by a variety of combination of habitat factors. The analysis of the floristic composition of the described rommunities resulted in the identification of two groups: 1) rommunities dominated by species of the genus Salsola; 2) rommunities in which the presence of species of the genus Salsola was insignificant. During the research, it was revealed that annual species S. nitraria Pall. and S. tragus L. are well adapted to the habitat conditions of desert and semi-desert regions and it was roncluded that they can be used for reclamation of disturbed lands.
研究的目的是确定具有莎草科植物代表的牧场（哈萨克斯坦西北部（阿克塞）、东南部、东南部地区）的植物组成特征。研究过程中使用了传统的野外地质植物学研究方法。考察工作的结果是描述了 24 个研究过的植物群落（主要有各种莎草科植物参与）。群落在物种组成上存在差异，这是由各种生境因素组合造成的。通过对所描述群落的植物组成进行分析，确定了两类群落：1）以莎草属物种为主的群落；2）莎草属物种存在不明显的群落。研究发现，一年生物种 S. nitraria Pall.和 S. tragus L.非常适合沙漠和半沙漠地区的生境条件，并得出结论，它们可用于开垦受干扰的土地。
{"title":"Peculiarities of species composition of phytocenoses with dominance and participation species of the genus Salsola L. in desert and semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan","authors":"B. Osmonali, M. Yermagambetova, S. S. Almerekova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023049","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to identify the features of the floristic composition of rammunities with representatives of the genus Salsola L. (North-Western (Aksai), Southem, South-Eastem regions of Kazakhstan). Traditional methods of field geobotanical researches were used in the process of studying. As a result of expedition works, 24 studied plant communities (with predominance and participation of various Salsola) were described. Communities differed from each other by species composition, which is caused by a variety of combination of habitat factors. The analysis of the floristic composition of the described rommunities resulted in the identification of two groups: 1) rommunities dominated by species of the genus Salsola; 2) rommunities in which the presence of species of the genus Salsola was insignificant. During the research, it was revealed that annual species S. nitraria Pall. and S. tragus L. are well adapted to the habitat conditions of desert and semi-desert regions and it was roncluded that they can be used for reclamation of disturbed lands.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the conditions of Tashkent Botanical Garden of Uzbekistan, seed germination in laboratory conditions of promising ornamental species Lonicera tatarica L. and valuable medicinal species Lonicera japonica Thunb. has been studied. The optimal temperature for germination of seeds of both species under laboratory conditions is 20-22 °C, at which germination was 73 % for L. tatarica, 58 % for L. japonica. In greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 20-22 °C and a relative humidity of 49-53 %, the rootability of L. tatarica cuttings was 75 %, of L. japonica - 93 %. It was revealed that the studied species adapted well to the introduction conditions. Given the effectiveness of vegetative propagation of L. tatarica and L. japonica, they can be recommended for improving the aesthetic condition and landscaping of cities, territories and landscape design. Due to intensive vegetative propagation by cuttings of the Lonicera japonica species, it is possible to supply the necessary raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
{"title":"Seed germination and vegetative reproduction of some decorative species of the genus Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae), introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden (Uzbekistan)","authors":"N. K. Rakhimova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023057","url":null,"abstract":"Under the conditions of Tashkent Botanical Garden of Uzbekistan, seed germination in laboratory conditions of promising ornamental species Lonicera tatarica L. and valuable medicinal species Lonicera japonica Thunb. has been studied. The optimal temperature for germination of seeds of both species under laboratory conditions is 20-22 °C, at which germination was 73 % for L. tatarica, 58 % for L. japonica. In greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 20-22 °C and a relative humidity of 49-53 %, the rootability of L. tatarica cuttings was 75 %, of L. japonica - 93 %. It was revealed that the studied species adapted well to the introduction conditions. Given the effectiveness of vegetative propagation of L. tatarica and L. japonica, they can be recommended for improving the aesthetic condition and landscaping of cities, territories and landscape design. Due to intensive vegetative propagation by cuttings of the Lonicera japonica species, it is possible to supply the necessary raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry in the future.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of the phenology of the development of female cones and male shoots in 25-year-old clones from 4 latitudinal and 4 altitudinal ecotypes of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica) in the clone archive was carried out. The period from the female cone breakout to the formation of the cone with completely closed scales after pollination was 10 days for all ecotypes. The northern and high-altitudinal ecotypes began “flowering” 2 days earlier with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 290 °С than the southern and low-altitudinal ecotypes, which needed an accumulation of 400 °С for this. The greatest contribution to the ecotype differentiation in female reproductive phenology was made by differences in the timing of the receptive cone stages. The transition to the receptivity stage in the northern ecotypes occurred 3 days earlier than in the southern ones, and in the high-altitudinal ones 2 days earlier than in the low-altitudinal ones. In latitudinal ecotypes, cones were receptive for 2-3 days, in high-altitude ecotypes 1.5-2 times longer. The peak of pollen shedding in each ecotype basically corresponded to the timing of the beginning of the female cone scale opening, sometimes it was slightly ahead of it.
{"title":"Intraspecies variation of reproductive phenology in Pinus sibirica ex situ","authors":"E. A. Zhuk","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023029","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the phenology of the development of female cones and male shoots in 25-year-old clones from 4 latitudinal and 4 altitudinal ecotypes of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica) in the clone archive was carried out. The period from the female cone breakout to the formation of the cone with completely closed scales after pollination was 10 days for all ecotypes. The northern and high-altitudinal ecotypes began “flowering” 2 days earlier with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 290 °С than the southern and low-altitudinal ecotypes, which needed an accumulation of 400 °С for this. The greatest contribution to the ecotype differentiation in female reproductive phenology was made by differences in the timing of the receptive cone stages. The transition to the receptivity stage in the northern ecotypes occurred 3 days earlier than in the southern ones, and in the high-altitudinal ones 2 days earlier than in the low-altitudinal ones. In latitudinal ecotypes, cones were receptive for 2-3 days, in high-altitude ecotypes 1.5-2 times longer. The peak of pollen shedding in each ecotype basically corresponded to the timing of the beginning of the female cone scale opening, sometimes it was slightly ahead of it.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data on floodplain, small-leaved, and dark coniferous forests in the Zhetysu Alatau is presented. Floodplain forests are located in the valleys of the Horgos, Usek, and Borohudzir rivers, where trees and shrubs are abundant along with grass and meadow vegetation, often covering the floodplain and displacing herbaceous communities. Species such as Salix, Populus macrocarpa, and Ulmus pumila are found, as well as shrub thickets of Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa beggeriana, R. alberti, Rhamnus cathartica, Lonicera tatarica, Berberis heteropoda, and B. iliensis. The small-leaved forests consist mainly of Malus sieversii and include six groups of apple orchard types: mixed-grass, poplar, aspen, hawthorn, maple, and shrub. Associated tree species include Malus niedzwetzkyana, Crataegus songarica, Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, Populus tremula, and P. macrocarpa. The dark coniferous forests consist mainly of Picea schrenkiana and include seven groups of forest types: fir, aspen, poplar, shrub, arch, mixed-grass, and moss. Species such as Abies sibirica, Populus tremula, Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis, J. communis var. saxatilis, various shrubs, mixed-grass, and moss associations are also found. Rare and endangered species are identified include Malus sieversii, M. niedzwetzkyana, Berberis iliensis, Fritillaria pallidiflora, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, Aquilegia vitalii, Paeonia anomala, and P. tenuifolia.
{"title":"Forest vegetation of the Zhetysu Alatau","authors":"A. Kerdyashkin, I. A. Zhashuyev, A. Imanalinova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023033","url":null,"abstract":"Data on floodplain, small-leaved, and dark coniferous forests in the Zhetysu Alatau is presented. Floodplain forests are located in the valleys of the Horgos, Usek, and Borohudzir rivers, where trees and shrubs are abundant along with grass and meadow vegetation, often covering the floodplain and displacing herbaceous communities. Species such as Salix, Populus macrocarpa, and Ulmus pumila are found, as well as shrub thickets of Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa beggeriana, R. alberti, Rhamnus cathartica, Lonicera tatarica, Berberis heteropoda, and B. iliensis. The small-leaved forests consist mainly of Malus sieversii and include six groups of apple orchard types: mixed-grass, poplar, aspen, hawthorn, maple, and shrub. Associated tree species include Malus niedzwetzkyana, Crataegus songarica, Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, Populus tremula, and P. macrocarpa. The dark coniferous forests consist mainly of Picea schrenkiana and include seven groups of forest types: fir, aspen, poplar, shrub, arch, mixed-grass, and moss. Species such as Abies sibirica, Populus tremula, Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis, J. communis var. saxatilis, various shrubs, mixed-grass, and moss associations are also found. Rare and endangered species are identified include Malus sieversii, M. niedzwetzkyana, Berberis iliensis, Fritillaria pallidiflora, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, Aquilegia vitalii, Paeonia anomala, and P. tenuifolia.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Ramazanova, N. V. Kurbatova, N. G. Gemejiyeva, Ch. J Aldassugurova
Wild-growing species of the genus Iris L. are perennial rhizomatous plants better known for decorative properties and promising plants as sources of medicinal raw materials. Irises contain essential oil, isoflavones, flavonoids, carotenoids, various organic acids, and tannins. The rhizomes of some irises have an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, tonic effect, exhibit antiviral, acaricidal, antifungal activity. Medicinal and ornamental properties characterized by six species I. alberti, I. lactea, I. ruthenica, I. sogdiana, I. songarica, I. tenuifolia out of 11 irises from southeast of Kazakhstan which grow within Almaty administrative region in different ecological conditions (from foothills and mountain slope North Tian Shan up to steppe zones of Balkhash Alakol basin). The objects of research were 3 wild species of Iris L., growing in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The goal of this research is a comparative anatomical and morphological study of the roots of species Iris alberti Regel (1, 2 populations), I. pallasii Fisch. ex Trevir., I. sogdiana Bunge from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan. Field studies of wild populations of the Iris species were carried out by the route-reconnaissance method. Geobotanical methods were used to describe plant communities with the participation of research objects. Microscopic studies of the roots were carried out by conventional procedure. As a result of the anatomical and morphological study, we found that pronounced mesophytic features of the anatomical structure of the plant species are associated with an increase in the diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of the xylem vessels. The highest degree of development of conducting tissue indicates an increased moisture gradient. The pronounced thickness of the primary cortex indicates the presence of xerophytic features of the anatomical structure. These results indicate the relationship between the ecological conditions of the studied Iris species growth and features of a primary anatomical structure of its root.
{"title":"Anatomical and morphological study of the roots of species of the genus Iris from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan","authors":"M. S. Ramazanova, N. V. Kurbatova, N. G. Gemejiyeva, Ch. J Aldassugurova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023055","url":null,"abstract":"Wild-growing species of the genus Iris L. are perennial rhizomatous plants better known for decorative properties and promising plants as sources of medicinal raw materials. Irises contain essential oil, isoflavones, flavonoids, carotenoids, various organic acids, and tannins. The rhizomes of some irises have an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, tonic effect, exhibit antiviral, acaricidal, antifungal activity. Medicinal and ornamental properties characterized by six species I. alberti, I. lactea, I. ruthenica, I. sogdiana, I. songarica, I. tenuifolia out of 11 irises from southeast of Kazakhstan which grow within Almaty administrative region in different ecological conditions (from foothills and mountain slope North Tian Shan up to steppe zones of Balkhash Alakol basin). The objects of research were 3 wild species of Iris L., growing in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The goal of this research is a comparative anatomical and morphological study of the roots of species Iris alberti Regel (1, 2 populations), I. pallasii Fisch. ex Trevir., I. sogdiana Bunge from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan. Field studies of wild populations of the Iris species were carried out by the route-reconnaissance method. Geobotanical methods were used to describe plant communities with the participation of research objects. Microscopic studies of the roots were carried out by conventional procedure. As a result of the anatomical and morphological study, we found that pronounced mesophytic features of the anatomical structure of the plant species are associated with an increase in the diameter of the central cylinder and the diameter of the xylem vessels. The highest degree of development of conducting tissue indicates an increased moisture gradient. The pronounced thickness of the primary cortex indicates the presence of xerophytic features of the anatomical structure. These results indicate the relationship between the ecological conditions of the studied Iris species growth and features of a primary anatomical structure of its root.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
main reason for the decrease in the productivity of pastures, which provide about half of pasture forages, is their irrational use and overgrazing. The composition and structure of plant communities of different habitats differ markedly, which determines their response to anthropogenic impact and various consequences of pasture load. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of vegetation and identify trends in land degradation for further development of the basis for sustainable management of pasture resources. The article deals with the main patterns of vegetation distribution on the landscape-ecological profile, which covers the eastern spurs of the Chu-Ili Mountains, the sand desert Taukum and the Bozoi plateau located between them. The territory has not been covered by geobotanical studies for a long time and there is no up-to-date data on the state of vegetation. According to the results of our study, the consequences of anthropogenic influence on the composition and structure of plant communities associated with landscape formations of various genesis are described. The series of digression of zonal plant communities under the influence of grazing have been revealed, which differ in different segments of the profile depending on soil conditions. The final stages of digression are completed by the catacenosis of the annual saltwort Ceratocarpus arenarius and sparse communities of perennial herb Peganum harmala in the low-mountain and foothill sections of the profile; in the Taukum desert - by communities of wormwood (Artemisia scoparia).
{"title":"The current state of plant communities of landscape-ecological profile Chu-Ili Mountains - Taukum sand desert","authors":"K. Ussen, A. Imanalinova, L. Dimeyeva","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023074","url":null,"abstract":"main reason for the decrease in the productivity of pastures, which provide about half of pasture forages, is their irrational use and overgrazing. The composition and structure of plant communities of different habitats differ markedly, which determines their response to anthropogenic impact and various consequences of pasture load. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of vegetation and identify trends in land degradation for further development of the basis for sustainable management of pasture resources. The article deals with the main patterns of vegetation distribution on the landscape-ecological profile, which covers the eastern spurs of the Chu-Ili Mountains, the sand desert Taukum and the Bozoi plateau located between them. The territory has not been covered by geobotanical studies for a long time and there is no up-to-date data on the state of vegetation. According to the results of our study, the consequences of anthropogenic influence on the composition and structure of plant communities associated with landscape formations of various genesis are described. The series of digression of zonal plant communities under the influence of grazing have been revealed, which differ in different segments of the profile depending on soil conditions. The final stages of digression are completed by the catacenosis of the annual saltwort Ceratocarpus arenarius and sparse communities of perennial herb Peganum harmala in the low-mountain and foothill sections of the profile; in the Taukum desert - by communities of wormwood (Artemisia scoparia).","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four coenopopulations of Elymus repens L. Gould were studied in different ecological and coenotic conditions in the mountains of the Southwestern Tien Shan. It was revealed that under anthropogenic load (grazing) the ontogenetic spectrum changes and becomes bimodal. In undisturbed phytocenoses, a left-sided ontogenetic spectrum is observed. The density of individuals in the studied cenopopulations varied from 14.9 to 9.45 ind./m2, and the ecological density was 29.8-11.81 ind./m2. According to the “delta-omega” classification, the cenopopulations of Elymus repens CP 1,4 are maturing, CP 3 and 4 are young. Existing cenopopulations are mainly located in unprotected areas. The only solution to preserve cenopopulations can be strict protection of cenopopulations.
{"title":"Phytocenotic characteristics and assessment of the state of the Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Poaceae) coenopopulation in the Southwestern Tien Shan","authors":"Shakhnoza U. Saribaeva","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023065","url":null,"abstract":"Four coenopopulations of Elymus repens L. Gould were studied in different ecological and coenotic conditions in the mountains of the Southwestern Tien Shan. It was revealed that under anthropogenic load (grazing) the ontogenetic spectrum changes and becomes bimodal. In undisturbed phytocenoses, a left-sided ontogenetic spectrum is observed. The density of individuals in the studied cenopopulations varied from 14.9 to 9.45 ind./m2, and the ecological density was 29.8-11.81 ind./m2. According to the “delta-omega” classification, the cenopopulations of Elymus repens CP 1,4 are maturing, CP 3 and 4 are young. Existing cenopopulations are mainly located in unprotected areas. The only solution to preserve cenopopulations can be strict protection of cenopopulations.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of a promising culture of balsamic poplar in the 1950-1970s post-war years in the landscaping of Siberian cities became widespread in squares, parks, lawns along the road network and in urban forests. At the time of the creation of such landscaping facilities, the conditions of their growth did not have significant differences. To date, with the development of motorization, the use of reagents for the maintenance of the road network and the conduct of acaricide treatments in squares and parks, a significant difference has formed in the growing conditions of balsamic poplar crops. Biomonitoring of the state of the environment was carried out at three fundamentally different sites in Novosibirsk. Evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry of balsamic poplar leaves showed that ordinary plantings along the road network are characterized by a high deviation from the stability of development. Forest crops of balsamic poplar in urban forests are characterized by the presence of deviations from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a weak deviation from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a violation of the stability of development. To date, 50-70-year-old balsamic poplar crops grown on the territory of the megalopolis are characterized by varying degrees of disturbance or deviation from the stability of development. They can be arranged according to the stability reduction scale in the following order: landscape groups in the park, forest crops in urban forests and ordinary planting on lawns along the road network.
{"title":"The influence of anthropogenic factors on the morphological features of the leaf apparatus of the balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)","authors":"N. V. Tsvetkova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023078","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a promising culture of balsamic poplar in the 1950-1970s post-war years in the landscaping of Siberian cities became widespread in squares, parks, lawns along the road network and in urban forests. At the time of the creation of such landscaping facilities, the conditions of their growth did not have significant differences. To date, with the development of motorization, the use of reagents for the maintenance of the road network and the conduct of acaricide treatments in squares and parks, a significant difference has formed in the growing conditions of balsamic poplar crops. Biomonitoring of the state of the environment was carried out at three fundamentally different sites in Novosibirsk. Evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry of balsamic poplar leaves showed that ordinary plantings along the road network are characterized by a high deviation from the stability of development. Forest crops of balsamic poplar in urban forests are characterized by the presence of deviations from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a weak deviation from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a violation of the stability of development. To date, 50-70-year-old balsamic poplar crops grown on the territory of the megalopolis are characterized by varying degrees of disturbance or deviation from the stability of development. They can be arranged according to the stability reduction scale in the following order: landscape groups in the park, forest crops in urban forests and ordinary planting on lawns along the road network.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developed as an adaptive strategy, the phenomenon of seed dormancy retained the ability to evolve and can change along with the changes in environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, light, availability of nutrients). Seed dormancy is the center of the so-called “thermal memory”, playing a key role in the acclimatization of plants to the seasonal climate. By saving information about the past temperature conditions of the species existence, the seeds manifest a high degree of heterogeneity in depth and type of dormancy, which varies depending on the location of the seed in the fruit and the fruit on the inflorescence, seed size, altitude and latitudinal areal of plant populations, weather conditions for seed maturation and preservation in soil. The high degree of plasticity of dormancy state requires different approaches to the study of this problem. In this regard, the article gives a number of recommendations for carrying out experiments and using special methods. One should take into account the areal of the species, the weather conditions for seed maturation and the periods of seed dry storage. Factors such as temperature and illumination should be applied in a differentiated way that permit to reveal the individual mechanisms of the initiation and removal of dormancy. The use of different methods -monitoring of seed germination, the culture of isolated embryos, cytoembryological study - makes it possible to assess the internal state of the seed and the localization of the mechanism of inhibition of post-development and germination of the embryo.
{"title":"The phenomenon of heterogeneity in the state of seed dormancy","authors":"Бутузова О. Г Butuzova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023012","url":null,"abstract":"Developed as an adaptive strategy, the phenomenon of seed dormancy retained the ability to evolve and can change along with the changes in environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, light, availability of nutrients). Seed dormancy is the center of the so-called “thermal memory”, playing a key role in the acclimatization of plants to the seasonal climate. By saving information about the past temperature conditions of the species existence, the seeds manifest a high degree of heterogeneity in depth and type of dormancy, which varies depending on the location of the seed in the fruit and the fruit on the inflorescence, seed size, altitude and latitudinal areal of plant populations, weather conditions for seed maturation and preservation in soil. The high degree of plasticity of dormancy state requires different approaches to the study of this problem. In this regard, the article gives a number of recommendations for carrying out experiments and using special methods. One should take into account the areal of the species, the weather conditions for seed maturation and the periods of seed dry storage. Factors such as temperature and illumination should be applied in a differentiated way that permit to reveal the individual mechanisms of the initiation and removal of dormancy. The use of different methods -monitoring of seed germination, the culture of isolated embryos, cytoembryological study - makes it possible to assess the internal state of the seed and the localization of the mechanism of inhibition of post-development and germination of the embryo.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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