Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103898
Mohammad Seddiq Eskandari Nasab , Mohammad Bafandegan , Jung-Wuk Hong
Seismic protection is vital for mitigating structural damage and enhancing resilience. We propose a novel hybrid energy dissipation system combining viscous and magnetorheological dampers with a spring mechanism and mechanical lever arms. These lever arms amplify drift and velocity, boosting energy dissipation efficiency while reducing the size or number of dampers needed. The system's performance was evaluated through numerical analysis on two prototype structures: a seven-story linear building under harmonic excitation and a three-story nonlinear building under seismic loading. Analyses included passive-on and semi-active modes with a simple adaptive control algorithm. The system significantly reduced displacements, accelerations, and residual deformations. For example, displacements in the seven-story building decreased by up to 83 % under harmonic loading, while the three-story building saw interstory drift reductions of 30 % in passive-on mode and 11 % in semi-active mode. These findings demonstrate the system's potential to enhance seismic resilience, offering a versatile solution for earthquake-resistant design and retrofitting.
{"title":"Numerical evaluation of an innovative hybrid seismic control system with amplified energy dissipation","authors":"Mohammad Seddiq Eskandari Nasab , Mohammad Bafandegan , Jung-Wuk Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic protection is vital for mitigating structural damage and enhancing resilience. We propose a novel hybrid energy dissipation system combining viscous and magnetorheological dampers with a spring mechanism and mechanical lever arms. These lever arms amplify drift and velocity, boosting energy dissipation efficiency while reducing the size or number of dampers needed. The system's performance was evaluated through numerical analysis on two prototype structures: a seven-story linear building under harmonic excitation and a three-story nonlinear building under seismic loading. Analyses included passive-on and semi-active modes with a simple adaptive control algorithm. The system significantly reduced displacements, accelerations, and residual deformations. For example, displacements in the seven-story building decreased by up to 83 % under harmonic loading, while the three-story building saw interstory drift reductions of 30 % in passive-on mode and 11 % in semi-active mode. These findings demonstrate the system's potential to enhance seismic resilience, offering a versatile solution for earthquake-resistant design and retrofitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103897
Jianxin Deng , Gang Liu , Rui Tang , Xiusong Wu , Zheng Yin
Table data in scientific literature is an important and economic data source for constructing materials database. The existing PDF table-extraction method is mainly designed for the common table type, which has no difference in various disciplines and does not have the ability to automatically filter the tabular data and extract non-full-framed tables with high precision. In view of this, we propose herein the use of unique coordinates for each object in a PDF and a method of automated table extraction from scientific literature based on text-state characteristics including six stages. In this method, we analyze the special presentation of table content and decode the PDF content stream to detect tables by key words of the table caption, especially use data ontology to filter irrelevant table data, and restore the data structure of tables according to the certainty and uniqueness of character coordinates. The proposed method automatically and accurately extracts table data from scientific literature without relying on table grid lines, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of existing technology for extracting data from three-line tables. The validity and advantages of the proposed method are verified by applying it to squeeze casting literature. Experiments show that the recall rate and precision of the proposed method reach 0.891 and 0.861. The comprehensive performance outperforms the main tools in the market for scientific literature table extraction.
{"title":"An automatic selective PDF table-extraction method for collecting materials data from literature","authors":"Jianxin Deng , Gang Liu , Rui Tang , Xiusong Wu , Zheng Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Table data in scientific literature is an important and economic data source for constructing materials database. The existing PDF table-extraction method is mainly designed for the common table type, which has no difference in various disciplines and does not have the ability to automatically filter the tabular data and extract non-full-framed tables with high precision. In view of this, we propose herein the use of unique coordinates for each object in a PDF and a method of automated table extraction from scientific literature based on text-state characteristics including six stages. In this method, we analyze the special presentation of table content and decode the PDF content stream to detect tables by key words of the table caption, especially use data ontology to filter irrelevant table data, and restore the data structure of tables according to the certainty and uniqueness of character coordinates. The proposed method automatically and accurately extracts table data from scientific literature without relying on table grid lines, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of existing technology for extracting data from three-line tables. The validity and advantages of the proposed method are verified by applying it to squeeze casting literature. Experiments show that the recall rate and precision of the proposed method reach 0.891 and 0.861. The comprehensive performance outperforms the main tools in the market for scientific literature table extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a hybrid wavelet transform (HWT) to detect local damages in the laminated composite cylindrical panels. This version of wavelet transform is developed to compensate for the weakness of two-dimensional continuous wavelet transforms (2D-CWTs) that are not sensitive to the local abrupt changes in higher scales. The idea is to combine two layers of the 2D-CWT and one layer of the image edges extracted from the first layer of the 2D-CWT. Thus, the novelty of the present work is to propose a new architecture to improve the accuracy of 2D-CWT in damage detection tasks. The finite element method is used to obtain the numerical vibration mode shapes as two-dimensional signals of the damaged laminated composite cylindrical panels. Experimental investigations are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed numerical model. The results indicate that using edge detection algorithms significantly contributes to increasing the accuracy of damage detection using 2D-CWT. The proposed hybrid wavelet transform method greatly enhances damage detection accuracy, particularly for low-level damage. Findings show that the hybrid wavelet transforms can improve the resolution and accuracy of damage detection results of the laminated composite cylindrical panels.
{"title":"A novel hybrid wavelet transform for detecting damages in laminated composite cylindrical panels","authors":"Morteza Saadatmorad , Saman Sadripour , Alireza Gholipour , Ramazan-Ali Jafari-Talookolaei , Samir Khatir , Mohammad Hassan Shahavi , Cuong-Le Thanh","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a hybrid wavelet transform (HWT) to detect local damages in the laminated composite cylindrical panels. This version of wavelet transform is developed to compensate for the weakness of two-dimensional continuous wavelet transforms (2D-CWTs) that are not sensitive to the local abrupt changes in higher scales. The idea is to combine two layers of the 2D-CWT and one layer of the image edges extracted from the first layer of the 2D-CWT. Thus, the novelty of the present work is to propose a new architecture to improve the accuracy of 2D-CWT in damage detection tasks. The finite element method is used to obtain the numerical vibration mode shapes as two-dimensional signals of the damaged laminated composite cylindrical panels. Experimental investigations are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed numerical model. The results indicate that using edge detection algorithms significantly contributes to increasing the accuracy of damage detection using 2D-CWT. The proposed hybrid wavelet transform method greatly enhances damage detection accuracy, particularly for low-level damage. Findings show that the hybrid wavelet transforms can improve the resolution and accuracy of damage detection results of the laminated composite cylindrical panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103896
Hailiang Hu, Yiming Li, Hanguang Jin, Biaobiao Lin, Guiqiu Song
The EM-type medium-speed mill (EM mill) integrates the functions of crushing, conveying, drying, and separating. It is widely used for grinding coal powder and ores. The mill operates in a "black box" environment, where the internal conditions cannot be easily observed. Due to the limitations of the measurement technology and real-time monitoring, describing the complex particle motion within the mill is challenging. Furthermore, the mill has a complex structure, generating large eddies within the grinding chamber that are difficult to completely remove. This often results in non-compliant coal powder fineness and "over-grinding" phenomena, which significantly affect the production efficiency. This paper conducts numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and powder classification methods, in order to study the particle motion characteristics and improve the internal flow field distribution of the mill. This allows to increase the particle transport and separation efficiency. These are then compared with experimental results, showing an error of less than 5 %, which demonstrates that the adopted model accurately predicts the flow characteristics and separation performance of the EM mill. Afterwards, the particle motion inside the mill is analyzed based on the coupling method of Fluent 2022R2 and EDEM 2022. Finally, the impacts of the height of the ash bucket cone and the number of separator blades on the internal flow field distribution and particle separation performance are studied. The obtained results show that the particle motion is significantly affected by the flow field. In addition, the increase of the number of separator blades results in reducing the vortex flow between them in a certain range, which significantly improves the coal powder fineness, at the expense of the high discharge of large particles. The reduction of the height of the ash bucket cone limits the generation of vortex flow in the secondary separation zone, which significantly increases the separation efficiency of the coal powder. This study provide valuable guidance for changing the ash bucket structure and adjusting the number of separator blades, and serves as a reference for improving the separation performance of particles and enhancing the internal flow field in EM mill.
{"title":"Analysis of the gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics and the impact of key structural parameters on the separation performance of medium-speed coal mills","authors":"Hailiang Hu, Yiming Li, Hanguang Jin, Biaobiao Lin, Guiqiu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EM-type medium-speed mill (EM mill) integrates the functions of crushing, conveying, drying, and separating. It is widely used for grinding coal powder and ores. The mill operates in a \"black box\" environment, where the internal conditions cannot be easily observed. Due to the limitations of the measurement technology and real-time monitoring, describing the complex particle motion within the mill is challenging. Furthermore, the mill has a complex structure, generating large eddies within the grinding chamber that are difficult to completely remove. This often results in non-compliant coal powder fineness and \"over-grinding\" phenomena, which significantly affect the production efficiency. This paper conducts numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and powder classification methods, in order to study the particle motion characteristics and improve the internal flow field distribution of the mill. This allows to increase the particle transport and separation efficiency. These are then compared with experimental results, showing an error of less than 5 %, which demonstrates that the adopted model accurately predicts the flow characteristics and separation performance of the EM mill. Afterwards, the particle motion inside the mill is analyzed based on the coupling method of Fluent 2022R2 and EDEM 2022. Finally, the impacts of the height of the ash bucket cone and the number of separator blades on the internal flow field distribution and particle separation performance are studied. The obtained results show that the particle motion is significantly affected by the flow field. In addition, the increase of the number of separator blades results in reducing the vortex flow between them in a certain range, which significantly improves the coal powder fineness, at the expense of the high discharge of large particles. The reduction of the height of the ash bucket cone limits the generation of vortex flow in the secondary separation zone, which significantly increases the separation efficiency of the coal powder. This study provide valuable guidance for changing the ash bucket structure and adjusting the number of separator blades, and serves as a reference for improving the separation performance of particles and enhancing the internal flow field in EM mill.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103894
A.S.C. Azevêdo , E. Moscatelli , L.N.B.S. Ribeiro , L.F.N. Sá , E.C.N. Silva , R. Picelli
Labyrinth seals are commonly used in sealing mechanisms to separate regions with different pressures and minimize leakage along their intricate fluid paths. In this paper, topology optimization is applied to labyrinth seal design via a novel multi-objective expression combining forward and backward flows. However, the traditional strategy is susceptible to the bad local minimum of fluid inlet/outlet closure and the absence of interlaced labyrinth-like solid regions in the final design. The aim is to provide a solution to both issues. In our approach, the labyrinth seal objective is defined by combining fluid flow energy dissipation with vorticity magnitude to design the flow path that should be favored in one direction (forward) while unfavored in the opposite direction (backward). Therefore, we address the optimization problem in the form of simultaneous minimization of forward energy dissipation while maximizing backward vorticity. Volume fraction is assumed as the optimization constraint. The Topology Optimization of Binary Structures (TOBS) method is used to solve the optimization problem. This is a gradient-based method that produces a sequence of linearly approximated problems and solves them via integer linear programming. The steady Navier–Stokes equations govern the fluid motion with the standard Darcy term used for topology optimization. It is demonstrated that the porous material model favors solutions with labyrinths of radial interlacing teeth for higher porosity values and axial interlacing topologies for lower values. Numerical examples are presented for two-dimensional prismatic and axisymmetric problems with real CO gas properties.
{"title":"A multi-objective function for discrete topology optimization in labyrinth seal design problems","authors":"A.S.C. Azevêdo , E. Moscatelli , L.N.B.S. Ribeiro , L.F.N. Sá , E.C.N. Silva , R. Picelli","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Labyrinth seals are commonly used in sealing mechanisms to separate regions with different pressures and minimize leakage along their intricate fluid paths. In this paper, topology optimization is applied to labyrinth seal design via a novel multi-objective expression combining forward and backward flows. However, the traditional strategy is susceptible to the bad local minimum of fluid inlet/outlet closure and the absence of interlaced labyrinth-like solid regions in the final design. The aim is to provide a solution to both issues. In our approach, the labyrinth seal objective is defined by combining fluid flow energy dissipation with vorticity magnitude to design the flow path that should be favored in one direction (forward) while unfavored in the opposite direction (backward). Therefore, we address the optimization problem in the form of simultaneous minimization of forward energy dissipation while maximizing backward vorticity. Volume fraction is assumed as the optimization constraint. The Topology Optimization of Binary Structures (TOBS) method is used to solve the optimization problem. This is a gradient-based method that produces a sequence of linearly approximated problems and solves them via integer linear programming. The steady Navier–Stokes equations govern the fluid motion with the standard Darcy term used for topology optimization. It is demonstrated that the porous material model favors solutions with labyrinths of radial interlacing teeth for higher porosity values and axial interlacing topologies for lower values. Numerical examples are presented for two-dimensional prismatic and axisymmetric problems with real CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> gas properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic behavior of the train-track-bridge system (TTBS) under uncertain conditions has significant implications for the safety, reliability, and design of high-speed railways. However, precise probability distribution information based on a large number of samples is often lacking in practical engineering scenarios, so it is more appropriate to consider the uncertain parameters as unknown but bounded non-probabilistic interval variables rather than random variables assuming probability distributions. This study investigates the impact of interval uncertain parameters on the dynamic response of TTBS. Employing the finite element method, the dynamic analysis model of high-speed train-track-bridge system was established and the non-invasive Chebyshev interval analysis method was used to compute the boundary of the system's interval dynamic responses. Numerical results show that even in scenarios with high uncertainty levels and multiple parameters, the proposed method can reduce the computational effort while maintaining high accuracy. This study provides a novel framework for quantifying parameter uncertainty for TTBS, which offers practical insights for safety assessment and design optimization of high-speed rail systems operating on bridges under uncertain conditions.
{"title":"A Chebyshev interval computational framework for propagating parameter uncertainty in train-track-bridge systems","authors":"Huifang Hu , Ping Xiang , Han Zhao , Yingying Zeng , Peng Zhang , Zhanjun Shao , Xiaonan Xie , Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic behavior of the train-track-bridge system (TTBS) under uncertain conditions has significant implications for the safety, reliability, and design of high-speed railways. However, precise probability distribution information based on a large number of samples is often lacking in practical engineering scenarios, so it is more appropriate to consider the uncertain parameters as unknown but bounded non-probabilistic interval variables rather than random variables assuming probability distributions. This study investigates the impact of interval uncertain parameters on the dynamic response of TTBS. Employing the finite element method, the dynamic analysis model of high-speed train-track-bridge system was established and the non-invasive Chebyshev interval analysis method was used to compute the boundary of the system's interval dynamic responses. Numerical results show that even in scenarios with high uncertainty levels and multiple parameters, the proposed method can reduce the computational effort while maintaining high accuracy. This study provides a novel framework for quantifying parameter uncertainty for TTBS, which offers practical insights for safety assessment and design optimization of high-speed rail systems operating on bridges under uncertain conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103883
Jiahao He , Shijie Zhao , Jiayi Ding , Yiming Wang
In this article, a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm motivated by mirage physical principles, named Mirage Search Optimization (MSO), is proposed. MSO mainly consists of two updating strategies, i.e., the superior mirage strategy and the inferior mirage strategy, which results in the global exploration and local exploitation capabilities, respectively. In addition, other two population evolution-guided mechanisms such as the fitness-distance balance (FDB) and fitness-distance constraint (FDC) are incorporated into MSO and termed as FDB-MSO and FDC-MSO, to further check and test the good optimization performance of MSO and its variants. MSO and 25 comparison algorithms are examined on CEC2017, CEC2014 and 21 classical benchmark functions. Optimization efficiency of MSO was verified by Wilcoxon rank sum test, Friedman test and stability analysis. Furthermore, competitiveness of MSO in solving real-world problems under constraints is demonstrated using six classical engineering problems. Finally, MSO is used for the path planning problem, which verifies applicability of MSO to real-world problems. Experimental results indicate MSO is competitive with other competing algorithms. Source codes of MSO are publicly available at https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/180042-mirage-search-optimization.
{"title":"Mirage search optimization: Application to path planning and engineering design problems","authors":"Jiahao He , Shijie Zhao , Jiayi Ding , Yiming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm motivated by mirage physical principles, named Mirage Search Optimization (MSO), is proposed. MSO mainly consists of two updating strategies, i.e., the superior mirage strategy and the inferior mirage strategy, which results in the global exploration and local exploitation capabilities, respectively. In addition, other two population evolution-guided mechanisms such as the fitness-distance balance (FDB) and fitness-distance constraint (FDC) are incorporated into MSO and termed as FDB-MSO and FDC-MSO, to further check and test the good optimization performance of MSO and its variants. MSO and 25 comparison algorithms are examined on CEC2017, CEC2014 and 21 classical benchmark functions. Optimization efficiency of MSO was verified by Wilcoxon rank sum test, Friedman test and stability analysis. Furthermore, competitiveness of MSO in solving real-world problems under constraints is demonstrated using six classical engineering problems. Finally, MSO is used for the path planning problem, which verifies applicability of MSO to real-world problems. Experimental results indicate MSO is competitive with other competing algorithms. Source codes of MSO are publicly available at <span><span>https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/180042-mirage-search-optimization</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103887
Dawid Bruski , Lukasz Pachocki , Jovan Trajkovski , Howie Fang , Krzysztof Wilde
Traditional methods for assessing vehicle passenger safety in crash tests involving roadside barriers rely on safety indices derived from vehicle kinematic responses. However, this approach may not accurately capture the complex biomechanical stresses exerted on the human body during a collision, raising concerns about the validity and reliability of these indices in accurately evaluating passenger safety. This study investigates the effects of three different types of roadside barriers on vehicle passenger safety using three approaches: (1) assessing compliance with the EN1317 standard based on vehicle kinematics; (2) utilizing the Finite Element (FE) Human Body Model (HBM) dummy and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 208 criteria; and (3) conducting detailed examinations of cervical spine biomechanics. FE simulations, incorporating a biofidelic FE-HBM, are used to evaluate vehicle passenger safety under TB32 impact conditions as specified by the EN1317 standard. The findings reveal that while all barriers effectively contain and redirect the vehicle, the concrete barrier poses the highest risk of occupant injuries, with the highest safety indices and stress levels in the cervical spine, exceeding safe thresholds due to its high lateral stiffness. In contrast, the cable barrier provides the most favorable conditions for vehicle passengers, exhibiting the lowest stress levels and ensuring superior safety performance. The W-beam barrier demonstrates intermediate performance. The analysis also highlights the significance of the tension–flexion loading condition in passenger neck injuries. This condition accounts for 70% of the neck loading intensity for the concrete barrier and 90% for the cable and W-beam barriers, lasting the longest among all neck loading modes. While current safety standards indicate a low risk of occupant injury, detailed FE analysis and cervical spine stress values suggest potential neck injuries, especially with the concrete barrier. These findings emphasize the need to revise current safety standards to include more comprehensive biomechanical evaluations, potentially leading to enhanced road barrier designs and improved road safety standards.
{"title":"Cervical spine injuries during car collisions with three types of roadside barriers","authors":"Dawid Bruski , Lukasz Pachocki , Jovan Trajkovski , Howie Fang , Krzysztof Wilde","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional methods for assessing vehicle passenger safety in crash tests involving roadside barriers rely on safety indices derived from vehicle kinematic responses. However, this approach may not accurately capture the complex biomechanical stresses exerted on the human body during a collision, raising concerns about the validity and reliability of these indices in accurately evaluating passenger safety. This study investigates the effects of three different types of roadside barriers on vehicle passenger safety using three approaches: (1) assessing compliance with the EN1317 standard based on vehicle kinematics; (2) utilizing the Finite Element (FE) Human Body Model (HBM) dummy and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 208 criteria; and (3) conducting detailed examinations of cervical spine biomechanics. FE simulations, incorporating a biofidelic FE-HBM, are used to evaluate vehicle passenger safety under TB32 impact conditions as specified by the EN1317 standard. The findings reveal that while all barriers effectively contain and redirect the vehicle, the concrete barrier poses the highest risk of occupant injuries, with the highest safety indices and stress levels in the cervical spine, exceeding safe thresholds due to its high lateral stiffness. In contrast, the cable barrier provides the most favorable conditions for vehicle passengers, exhibiting the lowest stress levels and ensuring superior safety performance. The W-beam barrier demonstrates intermediate performance. The analysis also highlights the significance of the tension–flexion loading condition in passenger neck injuries. This condition accounts for 70% of the neck loading intensity for the concrete barrier and 90% for the cable and W-beam barriers, lasting the longest among all neck loading modes. While current safety standards indicate a low risk of occupant injury, detailed FE analysis and cervical spine stress values suggest potential neck injuries, especially with the concrete barrier. These findings emphasize the need to revise current safety standards to include more comprehensive biomechanical evaluations, potentially leading to enhanced road barrier designs and improved road safety standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103886
Jinhu Cai, Huibing Ding, Long Huang
Many materials in practical engineering exhibit completely different mechanical properties under tension and compression, such as reinforced concrete materials and fiber-reinforced polymers, etc. However, the existing structural design methods usually assume that the mechanical responses of material structures under tensile and compressive loads are the same (i.e. Symmetrical tension and compression characteristics). Considering that the loads are deterministic, the obtained design results may not meet the service requirements and could potentially cause catastrophic damage. This paper proposes a topology optimization method for the strut-and-tie composite structure model under uncertain load conditions. First, a composite structural model is constructed using three-phase materials with different tensile and compressive properties. Then, the design domain is discretized using the hybrid stress element, and a criterion for determining the state of the element in tension and compression is developed. Furthermore, the bivariate dimension reduction method and Gaussian integration method are employed to quantify and propagate load uncertainty. Moreover, an additional method for determining the state of the element in tension and compression under multiple load conditions is developed. Finally, the sensitivity of the objective function concerning the design variables is derived for both single and multiple load cases. Several examples are used to verify the effectiveness of this method, and the influence of optimization parameters such as different load uncertainty levels and the ratio of the elastic moduli of the tensile material and the compressive material on the design results is studied in detail.
{"title":"Topology optimization method of strut-and-tie composite structure under uncertain load conditions","authors":"Jinhu Cai, Huibing Ding, Long Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many materials in practical engineering exhibit completely different mechanical properties under tension and compression, such as reinforced concrete materials and fiber-reinforced polymers, etc. However, the existing structural design methods usually assume that the mechanical responses of material structures under tensile and compressive loads are the same (i.e. Symmetrical tension and compression characteristics). Considering that the loads are deterministic, the obtained design results may not meet the service requirements and could potentially cause catastrophic damage. This paper proposes a topology optimization method for the strut-and-tie composite structure model under uncertain load conditions. First, a composite structural model is constructed using three-phase materials with different tensile and compressive properties. Then, the design domain is discretized using the hybrid stress element, and a criterion for determining the state of the element in tension and compression is developed. Furthermore, the bivariate dimension reduction method and Gaussian integration method are employed to quantify and propagate load uncertainty. Moreover, an additional method for determining the state of the element in tension and compression under multiple load conditions is developed. Finally, the sensitivity of the objective function concerning the design variables is derived for both single and multiple load cases. Several examples are used to verify the effectiveness of this method, and the influence of optimization parameters such as different load uncertainty levels and the ratio of the elastic moduli of the tensile material and the compressive material on the design results is studied in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103885
P.T. Hung , Chien H. Thai , P. Phung-Van
This article introduces a moving Kriging (MK) meshfree approach for studying the free vibration analysis of functionally graded porous magneto-electro-elastic plates with graphene platelet reinforcement (FGP-MEE-GPL). Functionally graded porous (FGP) plates are valued for their customizable material properties, while graphene platelets (GPLs) improve their mechanical performance. The pores are distributed in three patterns: uniform, symmetric I, and symmetric II. Similarly, GPLs are also arranged in three distribution patterns across the plate thickness. The structural characteristics of open-cell metal foam are used to establish the correlation between Young's modulus and mass density, providing a more accurate representation of the material's properties. The governing equations for the FGP-MEE-GPL plate are derived using the principle of virtual work and the higher-order shear deformation theory. The MK meshfree method is suggested for approximating the displacement, electric, and magnetic fields. The MK meshfree method offers an efficient solution for analyzing the vibration of the FGP-MEE-GPL plate, seamlessly addressing complex geometries and multi-field coupling without the necessity of mesh generation. The proposed model is validated by comparing its results with the reference's solutions. Parametric studies explore the influence of the porous coefficient, porous and GPLs distributions, initial external load magnetic and electric loads, and geometry on the FGP-MEE-GPL plate's vibrational frequency.
{"title":"A moving Kriging meshfree vibration analysis of functionally graded porous magneto-electro-elastic plates reinforced with graphene platelets","authors":"P.T. Hung , Chien H. Thai , P. Phung-Van","doi":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a moving Kriging (MK) meshfree approach for studying the free vibration analysis of functionally graded porous magneto-electro-elastic plates with graphene platelet reinforcement (FGP-MEE-GPL). Functionally graded porous (FGP) plates are valued for their customizable material properties, while graphene platelets (GPLs) improve their mechanical performance. The pores are distributed in three patterns: uniform, symmetric I, and symmetric II. Similarly, GPLs are also arranged in three distribution patterns across the plate thickness. The structural characteristics of open-cell metal foam are used to establish the correlation between Young's modulus and mass density, providing a more accurate representation of the material's properties. The governing equations for the FGP-MEE-GPL plate are derived using the principle of virtual work and the higher-order shear deformation theory. The MK meshfree method is suggested for approximating the displacement, electric, and magnetic fields. The MK meshfree method offers an efficient solution for analyzing the vibration of the FGP-MEE-GPL plate, seamlessly addressing complex geometries and multi-field coupling without the necessity of mesh generation. The proposed model is validated by comparing its results with the reference's solutions. Parametric studies explore the influence of the porous coefficient, porous and GPLs distributions, initial external load magnetic and electric loads, and geometry on the FGP-MEE-GPL plate's vibrational frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50866,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Engineering Software","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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