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Cooperation and the Globalization-Localization Dilemmas 合作与全球化-本土化困境
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25088/complexsystems.31.1.59
Jayati Deshmukh, S. Srinivasa
Evolution of cooperation among self-interested agents is revisited in this paper in the context of globalization and localization. A globalized society is characterized by disentrenchment—or routine interactions between strangers across subcultures. Such interactions are rich in novelty, but also have high levels of distrust and insecurity. A localized society is comprised of clusters of subcultures where most social interactions happen. Each tightly knit subculture is rich in mutual familiarity and trust, but not conducive to the spread of novel ideas. A second dimension is that of utilitarian knowledge. Historically, social acquaintances were the primary (if not the only) source of utilitarian knowledge. With technologies like the internet, diffusion of utilitarian knowledge in a society is no longer modulated by acquaintance networks. This leads us to two different forms of (dis)entrenchment:
(dis)entrenchment of knowledge and (dis)entrenchment of acquaintance, leading to four societal configurations. This paper asks how each of the configurations fares with respect to the evolution of cooperation. Entrenchment is represented using well-known network models from the literature, and evolution of cooperation is modeled by the evolutionary version of the iterated prisoners’ dilemma game. Based on simulation runs, we note that acquaintance and knowledge are characteristically different aspects. We find that disentrenched knowledge is more conducive for evolution of cooperation in networks rather than disentrenched acquaintances.
本文在全球化和本土化的背景下,重新探讨了自利主体间合作的演化。全球化社会的特点是跨亚文化的陌生人之间的疏离或常规互动。这样的互动充满新奇,但也有高度的不信任和不安全感。一个局部社会是由亚文化群组成的,大多数社会互动都发生在亚文化群中。每一种紧密结合的亚文化都充满了相互的熟悉和信任,但不利于新思想的传播。第二个维度是功利主义知识。从历史上看,社会熟人是功利主义知识的主要(如果不是唯一)来源。有了互联网这样的技术,社会中实用知识的传播不再受熟人网络的调节。这将我们引向两种不同形式的(dis)壕沟:
(dis)知识的壕沟和(dis)熟人的壕沟,导致四种社会结构。本文考察了每一种配置在合作演化方面的表现。堑壕是用文献中著名的网络模型来表示的,而合作的进化是用迭代囚徒困境博弈的进化版本来建模的。基于模拟运行,我们注意到熟人和知识是特征不同的方面。我们发现,去固化的知识比去固化的熟人更有利于网络合作的进化。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Range Connections, Real-World Networks and rates of diffusion 远程连接,现实世界网络和扩散速率
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1142/S0219525922500096
Tanya Ara'ujo, R. Mendes
Long range connections play an essential role in dynamical processes on networks, on the processing of information in biological networks, on the structure of social and economical networks and in the propagation of opinions and epidemics. Here we review the evidence for long range connections in real world networks and discuss the nature of the nonlocal diffusion arising from different distance-dependent laws. Particular attention is devoted to exponential and power laws.
远程连接在网络的动态过程、生物网络的信息处理、社会和经济网络的结构以及意见和流行病的传播中发挥着重要作用。在这里,我们回顾了现实世界网络中长距离连接的证据,并讨论了由不同距离相关定律引起的非局部扩散的性质。特别注意指数和幂律。
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引用次数: 1
Nonbinary Representations in the NK and NKCS Models NK和NKCS模型中的非二元表示
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25088/complexsystems.31.1.87
L. Bull
The NK model has been used widely to explore aspects of natural evolution and complex systems. Traditionally, the model has used a binary representation scheme. This paper introduces a modified form of the NK model through which to systematically explore the effects of discrete, nonbinary representations on evolution over rugged fitness landscapes. Results suggest the basic properties of the original model remain but changes are seen in walk lengths to optima and the sensitivity to mutation rates, in particular. The variation to the case of coupled fitness landscapes, the NKCS model, is also extended in the same way. Again, similarities and differences to the binary case are found.
NK模型已被广泛用于探索自然进化和复杂系统的各个方面。传统上,该模型使用二进制表示方案。本文介绍了NK模型的一种改进形式,通过该模型系统地探索离散的非二进制表示对崎岖适应度景观的进化的影响。结果表明,原始模型的基本特性仍然存在,但在达到最优的步行长度和对突变率的敏感性方面发生了变化。耦合适应度景观的变化,即NKCS模型,也以同样的方式进行了扩展。再一次,发现了二元情况的异同。
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引用次数: 1
Universal Criticality in Reservoir Computing Using Asynchronous 异步油藏计算中的通用临界
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25088/complexsystems.31.1.103
Daisuke Uragami, Y. Gunji
Elementary cellular automata (ECAs) generate critical spacetime patterns in a few local rules, which are expected to have advantages in reservoir computing (RC). However, previous studies have not revealed the advantages of critical spacetime patterns in RC. In this paper, we focus on the distractor’s length in the time series data for learning and clarify the advantages of the critical spacetime patterns. Furthermore, we propose asynchronously tuned ECAs (AT_ECAs) to generate universally critical spacetime patterns in many local rules. Based on the results achieved in this study, we propose RC based on AT_ECAs. Moreover, we show that the universal criticality of AT_ECAs is effective for learning time series data.
初等元胞自动机(ECAs)在一些局部规则下生成临界时空模式,有望在储层计算(RC)中具有优势。然而,以往的研究并没有揭示临界时空模式在RC中的优势。本文以时间序列数据中的干扰物长度为研究对象,阐明了临界时空模式的优势。此外,我们提出了异步调优eca (at_eca),以在许多局部规则中生成通用临界时空模式。在此基础上,我们提出了基于AT_ECAs的RC。此外,我们还证明了at_eca的普遍临界性对于学习时间序列数据是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Entropic Analysis of Public transport System Strikes 公交系统罢工的熵分析
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1142/s0219525922500023
M. Gaudiano, Carlos M. Lucca, J. Revelli
In this work, we study the hierarchical properties observed in temporal patterns of public transport strike records of Córdoba city, Argentina. We show how a previously developed entropy-based methodology can be applied here to unveil different strike regimes, to which particular political uncontrollability degrees can be naturally associated. From data analysis, a successive increment in the uncontrollability of the public transport system can be quantitatively inferred. The proposed analysis turns out to be easily generalizable to other contexts, providing a theoretical framework for contrasting the intensity of the strikes, independently of its nature, city and/or historical time.
在这项工作中,我们研究了在阿根廷Córdoba市公共交通罢工记录的时间模式中观察到的分层属性。我们展示了先前开发的基于熵的方法如何在这里应用于揭示不同的罢工制度,其中特定的政治不可控程度可以自然地联系起来。从数据分析中,可以定量地推断出公共交通系统不可控性的连续增量。所提出的分析结果很容易推广到其他背景,为对比罢工的强度提供了一个理论框架,独立于罢工的性质、城市和/或历史时间。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Gaussian Process to Model, predict and Explain Human Emotional response to Chinese Traditional Music 用高斯过程来模拟、预测和解释人类对中国传统音乐的情感反应
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1142/s0219525922500011
Jun Su, Pengcheng Zhou
Music listening is one of the most enigmatic of human mental phenomena; it not only triggers emotions but also changes our behavior. During the music session many people are observed to exhibit varying emotional response, which can be influenced by diverse factors such as music genre and instrument as well as the personal attributes of audiences. In this study, we assume that there is an intrinsic, complex and implicit relationship between the basic sound features of music and human emotional response to the music. The response levels of 12 individuals to a representative repertoire of 36 classical/popular Chinese traditional music (CTM) are systematically analyzed using the chills as a quantitative indicator, totally resulting in 432 ([Formula: see text]) CTM–individual pairs that define a systematic individual-to-music response profile (SPTMRP). Gaussian process (GP) is then employed to model the multivariate correlation of SPTMRP profile with 15 sound features (including 5 Timbres, 4 Rhythms and 6 Pitchs) and 5 individual features in a supervised manner, which is also improved by genetic algorithm (GA) feature selection and compared with other machine learning methods. It is shown that the built GP regression model possesses a strong internal fitting ability ([Formula: see text]) and a good external predictive power ([Formula: see text]), which performed much better than linear PLS and nonlinear SVM and RF, confirming that the human emotional response to music can be quantitatively explained by GP methodology. Statistical examination of the GP model reveals that the sound features contribute more significantly to emotional response than individual features; their importance increases in the order: [Formula: see text], in which the spectral centroid (SC), relative amplitude of salient peaks (RASP), ratio of peak amplitudes (RPA), sum of all rhythm histograms (SARH) and period of unfolded maximum peak (PUMP) as well as gender are primarily responsible for the response.
听音乐是人类最神秘的心理现象之一;它不仅会引发情绪,还会改变我们的行为。在音乐过程中,我们观察到许多人表现出不同的情绪反应,这可能受到音乐类型和乐器以及听众个人属性等多种因素的影响。在本研究中,我们假设音乐的基本声音特征与人类对音乐的情感反应之间存在内在的、复杂的和隐含的关系。本文系统分析了12个个体对36首古典/流行中国传统音乐(CTM)的代表性曲目的反应水平,以寒颤作为定量指标,共得到432对(公式:见文本)CTM -个体对,这些对定义了一个系统的个人对音乐反应谱(SPTMRP)。然后利用高斯过程(GP)对SPTMRP剖面与15个声音特征(包括5个Timbres, 4个rhythths和6个Pitchs)和5个个体特征的多变量相关性进行监督建模,并通过遗传算法(GA)特征选择进行改进,并与其他机器学习方法进行比较。结果表明,所建立的GP回归模型具有较强的内部拟合能力([公式:见文])和良好的外部预测能力([公式:见文]),其表现远远优于线性PLS和非线性SVM和RF,证实了人类对音乐的情绪反应可以用GP方法定量解释。对GP模型的统计检验表明,声音特征比个体特征对情绪反应的贡献更显著;其重要性按以下顺序增加:[公式:见文本],其中谱质心(SC)、显著峰相对幅值(RASP)、峰值幅值比(RPA)、所有节律直方图之和(SARH)和未展开最大峰周期(PUMP)以及性别是反应的主要原因。
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引用次数: 2
Pedestrian dynamics in single-File movement under Background Music with Different Tempos 不同节奏背景音乐下单纵队运动中的行人动力学
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1142/s0219525921500119
Guang Zeng, Jun Zhang, Rui Ye, A. Schadschneider, Shuchao Cao, Qiao Wang, Weiguo Song
Large crowds are challenging the comfort and safety level of big cities, while music may be a potential method to improve pedestrian flow. This paper focuses on the influence of different tempos and types of background music on pedestrian dynamics. Three tempos (90[Formula: see text]beats/min (BPM), 120[Formula: see text]BPM and 150[Formula: see text]BPM) and two types (pure music and metronome stimuli) of music are considered. It is found that more frequent stop-and-go behaviors emerge with rhythms. Compared with that under a low tempo (90[Formula: see text]BPM) of rhythm condition, stopping is more frequent with a high tempo one (120[Formula: see text]BPM or 150[Formula: see text]BPM). The number of stopping pedestrians per unit time increases 68.57%, 376.00%, 298.29%, 224.00%, 438.29% and 393.71% with 90 BPM, 120[Formula: see text]BPM and 150[Formula: see text]BPM music, 90[Formula: see text]BPM, 120[Formula: see text]BPM and 150[Formula: see text]BPM metronome, compared with that without any rhythm, respectively. The velocity and flow are lower, and higher local densities appear with background music. The step frequency at high density with rhythms ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Hz for 90[Formula: see text]BPM, 120[Formula: see text]BPM and 150[Formula: see text]BPM music; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Hz for 90[Formula: see text]BPM, 120[Formula: see text]BPM and 150[Formula: see text]BPM metronome) is lower than that without any rhythm ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Hz). Pedestrians need more time to avoid collisions and to step under background music conditions, because they are influenced by the music and not fully focusing on walking. As a result, step frequency decreases and stopping behavior is more frequent. This in turn leads to the decrease of the velocity and flow and the emergence of higher local densities. Our study will be helpful for understanding the effect of background music on pedestrian dynamics.
庞大的人群正在挑战大城市的舒适和安全水平,而音乐可能是改善人流量的一种潜在方法。本文主要研究不同节奏和背景音乐类型对行人动态的影响。三种节奏(90[公式:见文]节拍/分(BPM), 120[公式:见文]BPM和150[公式:见文]BPM)和两种类型(纯音乐和节拍器刺激)的音乐。研究发现,更频繁的走走停停行为是有节奏的。与低节奏(90[公式:见文]BPM)的节奏条件相比,高节奏(120[公式:见文]BPM或150[公式:见文]BPM)的节奏条件下,停止频率更高。与无节拍器相比,使用90 BPM、120[公式:见文]BPM和150[公式:见文]BPM音乐、90[公式:见文]BPM、120[公式:见文]BPM和150[公式:见文]BPM节拍器时,单位时间内停车行人数量分别增加68.57%、376.00%、298.29%、224.00%、438.29%和393.71%。在有背景音乐的情况下,流速和流量较低,局部密度较高。具有节奏的高密度步进频率([公式:见文],[公式:见文]和[公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文]Hz为90[公式:见文]BPM, 120[公式:见文]BPM和150[公式:见文]BPM音乐;[公式:见文],[公式:见文]和[公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文][公式:见文]BPM节拍器的Hz为90[公式:见文]BPM, 120[公式:见文]BPM和150[公式:见文]BPM节拍器)低于没有任何节奏([公式:见文][公式:见文]Hz)。行人在背景音乐条件下需要更多的时间来避免碰撞和迈步,因为他们受到音乐的影响,没有完全集中精力走路。因此,步进频率降低,停止行为更加频繁。这反过来又导致速度和流量的减少和更高的局部密度的出现。本研究将有助于理解背景音乐对行人动态的影响。
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引用次数: 2
The dynamics of Task Automation and Worker Adjustment in Labor Markets: an Agent-based Approach 劳动力市场中任务自动化和工人调整的动态:一个基于主体的方法
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219525922500059
Arvind Upreti, V. Sridhar
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引用次数: 0
Detecting and Measuring Financial cycles in Heterogeneous Agents Models: an Empirical Analysis 异质性主体模型中金融周期的检测与度量:一个实证分析
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219525922400021
Filippo Gusella
This paper proposes a macroeconometric analysis to depict and measure possible nancial cycles that emerge due to the dynamic interaction between heterogeneous market participants. We consider 2-type heterogeneous speculative agents: Trend followers tend to follow the price trend while contrarians go against the wind. As agents' beliefs are unobserved variables, we construct a state-space model where heuristics are considered as unobserved state components and from which the conditions for endogenous cycles can be mathematically derived and empirically tested. Further, we speci cally measure the length of endogenous nancial cycles. The model is estimated using the equity price index for the 196
本文提出了一种宏观计量经济学分析来描述和衡量由于异质市场参与者之间的动态相互作用而出现的可能的金融周期。我们考虑两类异质投机主体:趋势跟随者倾向于跟随价格趋势,而逆向投资者则逆风而行。由于代理的信念是不可观察的变量,我们构建了一个状态空间模型,其中启发式被认为是不可观察的状态成分,并且可以从数学上推导出内源性周期的条件并进行经验检验。此外,我们特别测量了内生金融周期的长度。该模型是用1996年的股票价格指数来估计的
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引用次数: 1
The Talent versus luck Model as an Ensemble of One-dimensional Random Walks 作为一维随机漫步集合的天赋与运气模型
IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1142/s0219525921500107
Ricardo Simão, Francisco Rosendo, L. Wardil
The role of luck on individual success is hard to be investigated empirically. Simplified mathematical models are often used to shed light on the subtle relations between success and luck. Recently, a simple model called “Talent versus Luck” showed that the most successful individual in a population can be just an average talented individual that is subjected to a very fortunate sequence of events. Here, we modify the framework of the TvL model such that in our model the individuals’ success is modelled as an ensemble of one-dimensional random walks. Our model reproduces the original TvL results and, due to the mathematical simplicity, it shows clearly that the original conclusions of the TvL model are the consequence of two factors: first, the normal distribution of talents with low standard deviation, which creates a large number of average talented individuals; second, the low number of steps considered, which allows the observation of large fluctuations. We also show that the results strongly depend on the relative frequency of good and bad luck events, which defines a critical value for the talent: in the long run, the individuals with high talent end up very successful and those with low talent end up ruined. Last, we considered two variations to illustrate applications of the ensemble of random walks model.
运气对个人成功的作用很难进行实证研究。简化的数学模型经常被用来揭示成功和运气之间的微妙关系。最近,一个名为“天赋vs运气”的简单模型表明,人口中最成功的个体可能只是一个普通的有天赋的个体,他受到了一系列非常幸运的事件的影响。在这里,我们修改了TvL模型的框架,这样在我们的模型中,个体的成功被建模为一维随机游走的集合。我们的模型再现了原始的TvL结果,由于数学上的简单性,它清楚地表明,TvL模型的原始结论是两个因素的结果:第一,低标准差的人才正态分布,产生了大量的平均人才个体;其次,考虑的步骤数少,这使得可以观察到大的波动。我们还表明,结果在很大程度上取决于好运和坏运气事件的相对频率,这为天赋定义了一个临界值:从长远来看,拥有高天赋的人最终会非常成功,而那些拥有低天赋的人最终会破产。最后,我们考虑了两种变体来说明随机漫步集合模型的应用。
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引用次数: 1
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Advances in Complex Systems
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