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Terrestrial-aquatic wood-inhabiting ascomycete Potamomyces from the Miocene of Poland 波兰中新世陆水栖木栖子囊菌
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00976.2022
G. Worobiec, E. Worobiec, P. Gedl, J. Kasiński, D. Peryt, M. Widera
Terrestrial-aquatic wood-inhabiting ascomycete Potamomyces from the Miocene of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. We report fungal ascospores of Potamomyces affinities from four Miocene localities in Poland. The spores are similar to the ones known from extinct species of Potamomyces invaginatus , Potamomyces batii , and Potamomyces pontidiensis , as well as to living Potamomyces armatisporus . Living representatives of Potamomyces are saprophytic, and usually found on decaying wood. They are mainly found in a freshwater or brackish environment, and sometimes also on terres -trial, moist to damp substrates. Therefore, the species of Potamomyces can be classified as a facultative-aquatic or terres-trial-aquatic fungus. Both living and extinct species of Potamomyces prefer a tropical to subtropical, and usually humid climate as their past and recent distribution is mostly confined to the intertropical zone. Fossil record of the Potamomyces ranges from the Lower Miocene to the Holocene, covering all continents with the exception of the Antarctica. Miocene findings of Potamomyces from Poland represent the first known fossil record of this genus from Europe and confirm the warm temperate to subtropical and humid climate during Middle to Late Miocene of present Poland previously inferred from palaeobotanical investigations.
波兰中新世陆水栖木栖子囊菌。古生物学报67 (X): xxx-xxx。我们报告了波兰四个中新世地区的Potamomyces亲缘真菌子囊孢子。这些孢子与已知的已灭绝的凹形Potamomyces,巴蒂Potamomyces batii和庞蒂迪Potamomyces pontidiensis以及现存的马氏Potamomyces armatisporus的孢子相似。马铃薯菌的活的代表是腐生的,通常在腐烂的木头上发现。它们主要生长在淡水或半咸淡水环境中,有时也生长在陆地、潮湿的基质上。因此,Potamomyces的种类可以分为兼性水生真菌和地试水生真菌。由于其过去和最近的分布主要局限于热带地区,因此无论是现存的还是已灭绝的马铃薯菌种都喜欢热带而不是亚热带,通常是潮湿的气候。Potamomyces的化石记录范围从下中新世到全新世,覆盖了除南极洲以外的所有大陆。来自波兰的中新世Potamomyces的发现代表了该属在欧洲的第一个已知化石记录,并证实了以前从古植物学调查中推断的现在波兰中新世中期至晚期的暖温带至亚热带湿润气候。
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引用次数: 2
Analytical grammar forms extraction as a new challenge for corpora (Case of conditional mood in Polish and Ukrainian) 分析语法形式抽取是对语料库的新挑战(以波兰语和乌克兰语条件语气为例)
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/polon.42.9
S. Fokin
A particular challenge for modern textual corpora is the tagging of analytical grammar categories. The com-ponents of these categories may be separated in certain contexts by other words or may even be inverted. A particular interest regarding the selection of analytical grammatical forms is centred around the conditional mood in some Slavic languages, as expressed by means of two words: a past verb form and the particle by/б/би/бы, which is why in most modern corpora, this category lacks a specific tag for these compound forms. The case of Polish is particularly complicated because the particle by may either be merged with the parti-ciple or used separately; furthermore, its separated form may contain a personal verb ending. Specific que-ries subject to experiment on Polish and Ukrainian corpora allow selecting the analytical forms in question.
现代文本语料库面临的一个特殊挑战是分析语法范畴的标注。这些范畴的组成部分可能在某些上下文中被其他词语分开,甚至可能被颠倒。关于分析语法形式的选择,一个特别的兴趣集中在一些斯拉夫语言中的条件语气上,通过两个词来表达:一个过去的动词形式和一个/ /би/бы的助词,这就是为什么在大多数现代语料库中,这一类没有针对这些复合形式的特定标签。Polish的情况特别复杂,因为助词by既可以与助词合并使用,也可以单独使用;此外,它的分离形式可能包含人称动词结尾。在波兰语和乌克兰语语料库上进行实验的特定查询允许选择有问题的分析形式。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstructed masticatory biomechanics of Peligrotherium tropicalis, a non-therian mammal from the Paleocene of Argentina 阿根廷古新世一种非兽类哺乳动物——热带巨兽(Peligrotherium tropicalis)咀嚼生物力学重建
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00912.2021
Tony Harper, Caleb Adkins, G. Rougier
The large, bunodont, mammal Peligrotherium tropicalis is an enigmatic member of the earliest Paleocene fauna of Punta Peligro, Argentina. While being a contemporary of many of the earliest large-bodied “archaic ungulates” in the Northern Hemisphere, P. tropicalis is a remnant of an endemic Mesozoic non-therian lineage. The interpretation of P. tropicalis as an omnivore/herbivore has therefore been difficult to evaluate, given its phylogenetic placement outside of the therian clade, and lack of many of the molar characteristics thought to be essential for the forms of mastication seen in marsupials and placentals. Here we present a three-dimensional generalization of the classical “bifulcral” biomechanical model of bite force and joint force estimation, which is capable of accommodating the wide range of mediolateral force orientations generated by the muscles of mastication, as estimated by the geometry of their rigid attachment surfaces. Using this analysis, we demonstrate that P. tropicalis is more herbivorously adapted (viz. shows a greater Group 2 relative to Group 1 jaw adductor advantage for producing postcanine orthal bite forces) than even the hypocarnivorous carnivorans Procyon lotor and Ursus arctos , and is similar to the ungulates Sus scrofa and Diceros bicornis . This similarity also extends to the mediolateral distribution of relative muscle group advantage, with Group 1 muscles (responsible for effecting the initial adduction of the working-side hemimandible into centric occlusion) having greater orthal bite forces labially; and Group 2 muscles (those responsible for producing occlusal grinding motions) being more powerful lingually. Finally, we show that P. tropicalis preserves relatively little of its orthal bite force magnitude at high gape, suggesting that large-object durophagy would not have been a likely feeding strategy.
大型布齿哺乳动物Peligrotherium tropicalis是阿根廷蓬塔佩利格罗(Punta Peligro)最早的古新世动物群的神秘成员。虽然与北半球许多最早的大型“古代有蹄类动物”是同时代的,但热带P.是中生代特有的非兽系的遗迹。因此,将热带拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟南拟。在这里,我们提出了一个经典的“双侧”咬合力和关节力估计的生物力学模型的三维推广,该模型能够适应咀嚼肌肉产生的大范围的中外侧力方向,通过它们的刚性附着面的几何形状来估计。利用这一分析,我们证明p tropicalis更食草改编(viz.显示更大的组2相对于组1下巴内收肌优势生产postcanine orthal咬力)甚至比hypocarnivorous食肉南河三lotor和熊属arctos,和类似于有蹄类动物野猪和Diceros bicornis。这种相似性也延伸到相对肌肉群优势的中外侧分布,第1组肌肉(负责影响工作侧半下颚向中心咬合的初始内收)在唇部具有更大的正向咬合力;第2组肌肉(负责产生咬合磨齿运动的肌肉)在语言上更有力。最后,我们发现热带p.t obpicalis在高开口时保留了相对较少的垂直咬合力大小,这表明大物体硬噬不是一种可能的捕食策略。
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引用次数: 0
New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution 早白垩世热河生物群中乳齿动物的新材料:与Origolestes的比较及其对哺乳动物进化的启示
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00918.2021
Jin Meng, Fangyuan Mao, Cunyu Liu
New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: Comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (1): 135–153. A new specimen of Lactodens sheni , the only known spalacolestine from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, is reported from the Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China. The description focuses on the dental and mandibular morphologies from both the new specimen and the holotype, particularly those that were unknown or poorly known from the holotype when the taxon was established. As revealed primarily by high-resolution computed tomography, morphologies and size gradient of the lower molars and detailed features of the mandibles, such as the masseteric foramen, can be unequivo-cally described. The dental and mandibular morphologies of Lactodens are compared with those of Origolestes lii , also from the Jehol Biota; these two taxa represent by far the best specimens in Spalacotheriidae and Zhangheotheriidae, respectively, and could be used as the representatives of their own groups in future higher-level phylogenetic analysis of mammals. The two taxa display considerable differences in dental and mandibular features, probably indicating a deeper split of spalacotheriids and zhangheotheriids than previously thought. Absence of the Meckelian groove in Lactodens , contrasting to the distinct one that holds a sizable Meckel’s cartilage in adult Origolestes , suggests an independent evolution of the definitive mammalian middle ear within “symmetrodontans”. The morphological gradient in the tooth row and association of the upper and lower dentitions from the same individual animal are also instructive for interpreting molar variations and evolution in “symmetrodontans” and
早白垩世热河生物群中乳齿动物的新材料:与Origolestes的比较及其对哺乳动物进化的启示。古生物学报67(1):135-153。报道了辽宁九佛堂组中唯一已知的早白垩世热河生物群空间溶洞石(Lactodens sheni)新标本。描述的重点是来自新标本和原型的牙齿和下颌形态,特别是那些在该分类群建立时未知或对原型知之甚少的形态。主要通过高分辨率计算机断层扫描显示,下磨牙的形态和大小梯度以及下颌骨的详细特征,如咬肌孔,可以明确地描述。将乳齿动物的牙齿和下颌形态与同样来自热河生物群的Origolestes lii进行了比较;这两个类群分别代表了迄今为止在Spalacotheriidae和Zhangheotheriidae中最好的标本,可以作为未来更高层次哺乳动物系统发育分析中各自类群的代表。这两个分类群在牙齿和下颌特征上显示出相当大的差异,可能表明空间异齿类和掌异齿类的分裂比以前认为的要深。乳齿动物中没有梅克尔沟,与成年Origolestes中有一个明显的梅克尔软骨形成鲜明对比,表明哺乳动物中耳在“对称齿兽”中是独立进化的。同一动物牙列的形态梯度和上下牙列的联系也有助于解释“对称齿兽”和“对称齿兽”的磨牙变异和进化
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引用次数: 0
Late Eocene (Priabonian) chronostratigraphy, depositional environment, and paleosol-trace fossil associations, Pipestone Springs, southwest Montana 蒙大拿西南部派普斯通泉晚始新世(普里亚伯世)年代地层、沉积环境和古土壤痕迹化石关联
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00901.2021
D. Hanneman, Donald L. Lofgren, S. Hasiotis, W. McIntosh
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引用次数: 1
Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a large new species 一个大型新种揭示了未被认识的茎类新生代生态形态多样性
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00957.2021
C. Brownstein
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引用次数: 2
New records of Upper Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications 阿根廷上三叠统木材新记录及其生物地层学、古气候和古生态意义
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00939.2021
Laura Vallejos Leiz, A. Crisafulli, Gnaedinger Silvia
We report gymnospermous wood found in sandstone and siltstone beds of the Upper Triassic Hilario Formation, Sorocayense Group at Hilario Creek located in San Juan province, Argentina. The identified xylotaphoflora comprises Baieroxylon cicatricum (Ginkgoales) and a new species of Protophyllocladoxylon (Coniferales), it constitutes the first reports of these taxa from the Triassic in Argentina. Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense sp. nov. differs from the other species by the following combination of anatomical characters: radial pits araucarian, mixed and some with abietinian tendency, uni-biseriate; contiguous, separated; tangential pits uni-biseriate; cross-field pits are simple elliptic, oblique, one to two in number and low uni-biseriate rays. The growth rings in the reported woods show a gradual transition from earlywood to latewood, suggesting little change in the climatic conditions experienced during their growth. The type of growth rings observed is consistent with a humid but seasonally dry subtropical climate. These woods are representatives of the arboreal stratum of a mesophytic association.
本文报道在阿根廷圣胡安省Hilario Creek地区Sorocayense群上三叠统Hilario组砂岩和粉砂岩层中发现裸子植物木材。经鉴定的xylotaphoflora包括Baieroxylon cicatricum(银杏属)和Protophyllocladoxylon(针叶树属)一新种,是阿根廷三叠纪首次报道的xylotaphoflora。hilarioense protophylocladoxylon sp. 11 .不同于其他种的解剖特征组合如下:径向凹穴雌雄同体,混合或部分有直立倾向,单双系;连续的,分开的;切向凹坑单双列;交叉场凹坑是简单的椭圆形,斜的,一到两个数量和低单双缝射线。所报道的树木的年轮显示了从早木到晚木的逐渐过渡,表明在其生长过程中经历的气候条件几乎没有变化。观察到的年轮类型与湿润但季节性干燥的亚热带气候相一致。这些树木是叶生植物群落中乔木层的代表。
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引用次数: 1
The beaver Steneofiber depereti from the early Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede and remarks on its ecology 汉默施米德晚中新世早期古人类地区的海狸及其生态学评述
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00997.2022
Thomas Lechner, M. Böhme
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引用次数: 2
Comment on “Triassic coleoid beaks and other structures from the Calcareous Alps revisited.” by Doguzhaeva et al. (2022). 《三叠纪阿尔卑斯钙质岩的胶体喙和其他构造重访》评论。Doguzhaeva et al.(2022)。
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.01016.2022
P. Lukeneder, A. Lukeneder
Recently, Doguzhaeva et al. (2022) published a study on coleoid cephalopods from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Cave del Predil (NE Italy). In doing so, they reviewed regularly occurring black carbonized structures in the head regions, which were previously interpreted as the beaks of a phragmoteuthid belemnoid by Suess (1865) and many subsequent workers (e.g., Mojsisovics 1882). Doguzhaeva et al. (2022: 665) refused Suess’ (1865) idea and reinterpreted the black structures as juvenile fish remains “with bone-like micro structures at the initial stage of bone formation”. Whitish spots in the head
最近,Doguzhaeva et al.(2022)发表了一篇关于意大利东北部洞穴del Predil上三叠世(卡尼期)的胶体类头足类动物的研究。在此过程中,他们检查了头部区域经常出现的黑色碳化结构,这些结构之前被Suess(1865)和后来的许多工作者(例如Mojsisovics 1882)解释为phragmoteuthid belemoid的喙。Doguzhaeva et al.(2022: 665)拒绝了Suess(1865)的观点,并将黑色结构重新解释为幼鱼遗骸“在骨骼形成的初始阶段具有骨状微观结构”。头部有白色斑点
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引用次数: 1
Konstrukcje bezosobowe z podmiotem arbitralnym i generycznym w gramatyce kaszubskiej i śląskiej na tle gramatyki polskiej
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/polon.42.6
Marika Jocz, M. Ruda, Bartłůmjej Wanot
This paper presents a preliminary contrastive overview of impersonal constructions in the Kashubian and Silesian grammars against the background of Polish grammar. The research, based both on corpus texts and on additional native speaker data, has shown that the systems of impersonal constructions in Polish, Kashubian and Silesian are similar in most cases. Namely, the only significant difference between Polish and Silesian revealed by the research so far is the availability of the auxiliary be in the Silesian -no/-to construction. This construction is absent from Kashubian, which also differs from Polish and Silesian in the case of generic uses concerning modal predicates such as may, which are inflected for the third person singular masculine here.
本文以波兰语语法为背景,对卡舒比语和西里西亚语语法中的人称结构进行了初步的对比研究。这项基于语料库文本和其他母语人士数据的研究表明,波兰语、卡舒比语和西里西亚语的人称结构系统在大多数情况下是相似的。也就是说,到目前为止,波兰语和西里西亚语之间的唯一显著差异是西里西亚语-no/ to结构中助动词be的可用性。卡舒比语中没有这种结构,卡舒比语与波兰语和西里西亚语在情态谓语的一般用法上也有所不同,比如may,这些谓语在卡舒比语中被屈变为第三人称单数阳性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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