G. Worobiec, E. Worobiec, P. Gedl, J. Kasiński, D. Peryt, M. Widera
Terrestrial-aquatic wood-inhabiting ascomycete Potamomyces from the Miocene of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. We report fungal ascospores of Potamomyces affinities from four Miocene localities in Poland. The spores are similar to the ones known from extinct species of Potamomyces invaginatus , Potamomyces batii , and Potamomyces pontidiensis , as well as to living Potamomyces armatisporus . Living representatives of Potamomyces are saprophytic, and usually found on decaying wood. They are mainly found in a freshwater or brackish environment, and sometimes also on terres -trial, moist to damp substrates. Therefore, the species of Potamomyces can be classified as a facultative-aquatic or terres-trial-aquatic fungus. Both living and extinct species of Potamomyces prefer a tropical to subtropical, and usually humid climate as their past and recent distribution is mostly confined to the intertropical zone. Fossil record of the Potamomyces ranges from the Lower Miocene to the Holocene, covering all continents with the exception of the Antarctica. Miocene findings of Potamomyces from Poland represent the first known fossil record of this genus from Europe and confirm the warm temperate to subtropical and humid climate during Middle to Late Miocene of present Poland previously inferred from palaeobotanical investigations.
{"title":"Terrestrial-aquatic wood-inhabiting ascomycete Potamomyces from the Miocene of Poland","authors":"G. Worobiec, E. Worobiec, P. Gedl, J. Kasiński, D. Peryt, M. Widera","doi":"10.4202/app.00976.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00976.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial-aquatic wood-inhabiting ascomycete Potamomyces from the Miocene of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. We report fungal ascospores of Potamomyces affinities from four Miocene localities in Poland. The spores are similar to the ones known from extinct species of Potamomyces invaginatus , Potamomyces batii , and Potamomyces pontidiensis , as well as to living Potamomyces armatisporus . Living representatives of Potamomyces are saprophytic, and usually found on decaying wood. They are mainly found in a freshwater or brackish environment, and sometimes also on terres -trial, moist to damp substrates. Therefore, the species of Potamomyces can be classified as a facultative-aquatic or terres-trial-aquatic fungus. Both living and extinct species of Potamomyces prefer a tropical to subtropical, and usually humid climate as their past and recent distribution is mostly confined to the intertropical zone. Fossil record of the Potamomyces ranges from the Lower Miocene to the Holocene, covering all continents with the exception of the Antarctica. Miocene findings of Potamomyces from Poland represent the first known fossil record of this genus from Europe and confirm the warm temperate to subtropical and humid climate during Middle to Late Miocene of present Poland previously inferred from palaeobotanical investigations.","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A particular challenge for modern textual corpora is the tagging of analytical grammar categories. The com-ponents of these categories may be separated in certain contexts by other words or may even be inverted. A particular interest regarding the selection of analytical grammatical forms is centred around the conditional mood in some Slavic languages, as expressed by means of two words: a past verb form and the particle by/б/би/бы, which is why in most modern corpora, this category lacks a specific tag for these compound forms. The case of Polish is particularly complicated because the particle by may either be merged with the parti-ciple or used separately; furthermore, its separated form may contain a personal verb ending. Specific que-ries subject to experiment on Polish and Ukrainian corpora allow selecting the analytical forms in question.
{"title":"Analytical grammar forms extraction as a new challenge for corpora (Case of conditional mood in Polish and Ukrainian)","authors":"S. Fokin","doi":"10.17651/polon.42.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17651/polon.42.9","url":null,"abstract":"A particular challenge for modern textual corpora is the tagging of analytical grammar categories. The com-ponents of these categories may be separated in certain contexts by other words or may even be inverted. A particular interest regarding the selection of analytical grammatical forms is centred around the conditional mood in some Slavic languages, as expressed by means of two words: a past verb form and the particle by/б/би/бы, which is why in most modern corpora, this category lacks a specific tag for these compound forms. The case of Polish is particularly complicated because the particle by may either be merged with the parti-ciple or used separately; furthermore, its separated form may contain a personal verb ending. Specific que-ries subject to experiment on Polish and Ukrainian corpora allow selecting the analytical forms in question.","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80482209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: Comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (1): 135–153. A new specimen of Lactodens sheni , the only known spalacolestine from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, is reported from the Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China. The description focuses on the dental and mandibular morphologies from both the new specimen and the holotype, particularly those that were unknown or poorly known from the holotype when the taxon was established. As revealed primarily by high-resolution computed tomography, morphologies and size gradient of the lower molars and detailed features of the mandibles, such as the masseteric foramen, can be unequivo-cally described. The dental and mandibular morphologies of Lactodens are compared with those of Origolestes lii , also from the Jehol Biota; these two taxa represent by far the best specimens in Spalacotheriidae and Zhangheotheriidae, respectively, and could be used as the representatives of their own groups in future higher-level phylogenetic analysis of mammals. The two taxa display considerable differences in dental and mandibular features, probably indicating a deeper split of spalacotheriids and zhangheotheriids than previously thought. Absence of the Meckelian groove in Lactodens , contrasting to the distinct one that holds a sizable Meckel’s cartilage in adult Origolestes , suggests an independent evolution of the definitive mammalian middle ear within “symmetrodontans”. The morphological gradient in the tooth row and association of the upper and lower dentitions from the same individual animal are also instructive for interpreting molar variations and evolution in “symmetrodontans” and
{"title":"New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution","authors":"Jin Meng, Fangyuan Mao, Cunyu Liu","doi":"10.4202/app.00918.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00918.2021","url":null,"abstract":"New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: Comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (1): 135–153. A new specimen of Lactodens sheni , the only known spalacolestine from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, is reported from the Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China. The description focuses on the dental and mandibular morphologies from both the new specimen and the holotype, particularly those that were unknown or poorly known from the holotype when the taxon was established. As revealed primarily by high-resolution computed tomography, morphologies and size gradient of the lower molars and detailed features of the mandibles, such as the masseteric foramen, can be unequivo-cally described. The dental and mandibular morphologies of Lactodens are compared with those of Origolestes lii , also from the Jehol Biota; these two taxa represent by far the best specimens in Spalacotheriidae and Zhangheotheriidae, respectively, and could be used as the representatives of their own groups in future higher-level phylogenetic analysis of mammals. The two taxa display considerable differences in dental and mandibular features, probably indicating a deeper split of spalacotheriids and zhangheotheriids than previously thought. Absence of the Meckelian groove in Lactodens , contrasting to the distinct one that holds a sizable Meckel’s cartilage in adult Origolestes , suggests an independent evolution of the definitive mammalian middle ear within “symmetrodontans”. The morphological gradient in the tooth row and association of the upper and lower dentitions from the same individual animal are also instructive for interpreting molar variations and evolution in “symmetrodontans” and","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70479339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Vallejos Leiz, A. Crisafulli, Gnaedinger Silvia
We report gymnospermous wood found in sandstone and siltstone beds of the Upper Triassic Hilario Formation, Sorocayense Group at Hilario Creek located in San Juan province, Argentina. The identified xylotaphoflora comprises Baieroxylon cicatricum (Ginkgoales) and a new species of Protophyllocladoxylon (Coniferales), it constitutes the first reports of these taxa from the Triassic in Argentina. Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense sp. nov. differs from the other species by the following combination of anatomical characters: radial pits araucarian, mixed and some with abietinian tendency, uni-biseriate; contiguous, separated; tangential pits uni-biseriate; cross-field pits are simple elliptic, oblique, one to two in number and low uni-biseriate rays. The growth rings in the reported woods show a gradual transition from earlywood to latewood, suggesting little change in the climatic conditions experienced during their growth. The type of growth rings observed is consistent with a humid but seasonally dry subtropical climate. These woods are representatives of the arboreal stratum of a mesophytic association.
{"title":"New records of Upper Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications","authors":"Laura Vallejos Leiz, A. Crisafulli, Gnaedinger Silvia","doi":"10.4202/app.00939.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00939.2021","url":null,"abstract":"We report gymnospermous wood found in sandstone and siltstone beds of the Upper Triassic Hilario Formation, Sorocayense Group at Hilario Creek located in San Juan province, Argentina. The identified xylotaphoflora comprises Baieroxylon cicatricum (Ginkgoales) and a new species of Protophyllocladoxylon (Coniferales), it constitutes the first reports of these taxa from the Triassic in Argentina. Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense sp. nov. differs from the other species by the following combination of anatomical characters: radial pits araucarian, mixed and some with abietinian tendency, uni-biseriate; contiguous, separated; tangential pits uni-biseriate; cross-field pits are simple elliptic, oblique, one to two in number and low uni-biseriate rays. The growth rings in the reported woods show a gradual transition from earlywood to latewood, suggesting little change in the climatic conditions experienced during their growth. The type of growth rings observed is consistent with a humid but seasonally dry subtropical climate. These woods are representatives of the arboreal stratum of a mesophytic association.","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70479777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The beaver Steneofiber depereti from the early Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede and remarks on its ecology","authors":"Thomas Lechner, M. Böhme","doi":"10.4202/app.00997.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00997.2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Doguzhaeva et al. (2022) published a study on coleoid cephalopods from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Cave del Predil (NE Italy). In doing so, they reviewed regularly occurring black carbonized structures in the head regions, which were previously interpreted as the beaks of a phragmoteuthid belemnoid by Suess (1865) and many subsequent workers (e.g., Mojsisovics 1882). Doguzhaeva et al. (2022: 665) refused Suess’ (1865) idea and reinterpreted the black structures as juvenile fish remains “with bone-like micro structures at the initial stage of bone formation”. Whitish spots in the head
最近，Doguzhaeva et al.(2022)发表了一篇关于意大利东北部洞穴del Predil上三叠世(卡尼期)的胶体类头足类动物的研究。在此过程中，他们检查了头部区域经常出现的黑色碳化结构，这些结构之前被Suess(1865)和后来的许多工作者(例如Mojsisovics 1882)解释为phragmoteuthid belemoid的喙。Doguzhaeva et al.(2022: 665)拒绝了Suess(1865)的观点，并将黑色结构重新解释为幼鱼遗骸“在骨骼形成的初始阶段具有骨状微观结构”。头部有白色斑点
{"title":"Comment on “Triassic coleoid beaks and other structures from the Calcareous Alps revisited.” by Doguzhaeva et al. (2022).","authors":"P. Lukeneder, A. Lukeneder","doi":"10.4202/app.01016.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.01016.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Doguzhaeva et al. (2022) published a study on coleoid cephalopods from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Cave del Predil (NE Italy). In doing so, they reviewed regularly occurring black carbonized structures in the head regions, which were previously interpreted as the beaks of a phragmoteuthid belemnoid by Suess (1865) and many subsequent workers (e.g., Mojsisovics 1882). Doguzhaeva et al. (2022: 665) refused Suess’ (1865) idea and reinterpreted the black structures as juvenile fish remains “with bone-like micro structures at the initial stage of bone formation”. Whitish spots in the head","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hanneman, Donald L. Lofgren, S. Hasiotis, W. McIntosh
{"title":"Late Eocene (Priabonian) chronostratigraphy, depositional environment, and paleosol-trace fossil associations, Pipestone Springs, southwest Montana","authors":"D. Hanneman, Donald L. Lofgren, S. Hasiotis, W. McIntosh","doi":"10.4202/app.00901.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00901.2021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70479371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a large new species","authors":"C. Brownstein","doi":"10.4202/app.00957.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00957.2021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70479662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The large, bunodont, mammal Peligrotherium tropicalis is an enigmatic member of the earliest Paleocene fauna of Punta Peligro, Argentina. While being a contemporary of many of the earliest large-bodied “archaic ungulates” in the Northern Hemisphere, P. tropicalis is a remnant of an endemic Mesozoic non-therian lineage. The interpretation of P. tropicalis as an omnivore/herbivore has therefore been difficult to evaluate, given its phylogenetic placement outside of the therian clade, and lack of many of the molar characteristics thought to be essential for the forms of mastication seen in marsupials and placentals. Here we present a three-dimensional generalization of the classical “bifulcral” biomechanical model of bite force and joint force estimation, which is capable of accommodating the wide range of mediolateral force orientations generated by the muscles of mastication, as estimated by the geometry of their rigid attachment surfaces. Using this analysis, we demonstrate that P. tropicalis is more herbivorously adapted (viz. shows a greater Group 2 relative to Group 1 jaw adductor advantage for producing postcanine orthal bite forces) than even the hypocarnivorous carnivorans Procyon lotor and Ursus arctos , and is similar to the ungulates Sus scrofa and Diceros bicornis . This similarity also extends to the mediolateral distribution of relative muscle group advantage, with Group 1 muscles (responsible for effecting the initial adduction of the working-side hemimandible into centric occlusion) having greater orthal bite forces labially; and Group 2 muscles (those responsible for producing occlusal grinding motions) being more powerful lingually. Finally, we show that P. tropicalis preserves relatively little of its orthal bite force magnitude at high gape, suggesting that large-object durophagy would not have been a likely feeding strategy.
{"title":"Reconstructed masticatory biomechanics of Peligrotherium tropicalis, a non-therian mammal from the Paleocene of Argentina","authors":"Tony Harper, Caleb Adkins, G. Rougier","doi":"10.4202/app.00912.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00912.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The large, bunodont, mammal Peligrotherium tropicalis is an enigmatic member of the earliest Paleocene fauna of Punta Peligro, Argentina. While being a contemporary of many of the earliest large-bodied “archaic ungulates” in the Northern Hemisphere, P. tropicalis is a remnant of an endemic Mesozoic non-therian lineage. The interpretation of P. tropicalis as an omnivore/herbivore has therefore been difficult to evaluate, given its phylogenetic placement outside of the therian clade, and lack of many of the molar characteristics thought to be essential for the forms of mastication seen in marsupials and placentals. Here we present a three-dimensional generalization of the classical “bifulcral” biomechanical model of bite force and joint force estimation, which is capable of accommodating the wide range of mediolateral force orientations generated by the muscles of mastication, as estimated by the geometry of their rigid attachment surfaces. Using this analysis, we demonstrate that P. tropicalis is more herbivorously adapted (viz. shows a greater Group 2 relative to Group 1 jaw adductor advantage for producing postcanine orthal bite forces) than even the hypocarnivorous carnivorans Procyon lotor and Ursus arctos , and is similar to the ungulates Sus scrofa and Diceros bicornis . This similarity also extends to the mediolateral distribution of relative muscle group advantage, with Group 1 muscles (responsible for effecting the initial adduction of the working-side hemimandible into centric occlusion) having greater orthal bite forces labially; and Group 2 muscles (those responsible for producing occlusal grinding motions) being more powerful lingually. Finally, we show that P. tropicalis preserves relatively little of its orthal bite force magnitude at high gape, suggesting that large-object durophagy would not have been a likely feeding strategy.","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70479151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phylogenetic studies of clam shrimps (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) demonstrated that the significance of several morphological characters for classification of branchiopod shells should be critically re-evaluated. Such a venture is partic-ularly important for integrating the taxonomy of fossil and extant branchiopods. One of the shell characters widely used in the branchiopod classification is the carapace ornamentation pattern. This character might, however, be significantly influenced by intraspecific variability and in particular the sexual dimorphism. In this study we investigate the pattern of ornamentation in extant branchiopods—including differences resulting from sexual dimorphism—in order to assess its value for branchiopod taxonomy. We examined 184 individuals representing 10 living species belonging to 7 genera, 5 families, and 2 suborders from China, and compared with the results of previous studies. Although some differences in ornamentation were related to reproductive modes, the basic ornamentation patterns or combinations were stable within each extant species. We found out that some taxa indeed display sexually dimorphic ornamentations, but their basic ornamentation patterns or combinations are stable within each species so they do not significantly influence the taxonomic identification. Integration of data on fossil and extant taxa indicates that similar ornamentation patterns can be observed on familial level of fossil spinicaudatan branchiopods and indicates therefore that characteristic ornamentation patterns can help to identify these taxa in the fossil record. In light of the new molecular phylogeny, we re-evaluated the phylogenetic relationship between fossil and extant spinicaudatan taxa. The resulting tree suggests: (i) paraphyly of the traditional Eosestherioidea, (ii) an affinity between Ozestheria and Triglypta , and (iii) an affinity between Cyzicus and Diestheria or Aquilonoglypta .
{"title":"Sexually dimorphic ornamentation in modern spinicaudatans and the taxonomic implications for fossil clam shrimps","authors":"Xiaoyan Sun, Jin-hui Cheng","doi":"10.4202/app.00892.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00892.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogenetic studies of clam shrimps (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) demonstrated that the significance of several morphological characters for classification of branchiopod shells should be critically re-evaluated. Such a venture is partic-ularly important for integrating the taxonomy of fossil and extant branchiopods. One of the shell characters widely used in the branchiopod classification is the carapace ornamentation pattern. This character might, however, be significantly influenced by intraspecific variability and in particular the sexual dimorphism. In this study we investigate the pattern of ornamentation in extant branchiopods—including differences resulting from sexual dimorphism—in order to assess its value for branchiopod taxonomy. We examined 184 individuals representing 10 living species belonging to 7 genera, 5 families, and 2 suborders from China, and compared with the results of previous studies. Although some differences in ornamentation were related to reproductive modes, the basic ornamentation patterns or combinations were stable within each extant species. We found out that some taxa indeed display sexually dimorphic ornamentations, but their basic ornamentation patterns or combinations are stable within each species so they do not significantly influence the taxonomic identification. Integration of data on fossil and extant taxa indicates that similar ornamentation patterns can be observed on familial level of fossil spinicaudatan branchiopods and indicates therefore that characteristic ornamentation patterns can help to identify these taxa in the fossil record. In light of the new molecular phylogeny, we re-evaluated the phylogenetic relationship between fossil and extant spinicaudatan taxa. The resulting tree suggests: (i) paraphyly of the traditional Eosestherioidea, (ii) an affinity between Ozestheria and Triglypta , and (iii) an affinity between Cyzicus and Diestheria or Aquilonoglypta .","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70478765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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