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Were Bohemus and haereticus used as synonymous designations? 波西米亚和海雷蒂库斯被用作同义词吗?
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/polon.42.8
L. Mazalová, M. Rzepiela
This article discusses the terms used in medieval text sources to denote the Hussites. It pays particular atten-tion to the nominal phrase Bohemi heretici arguing that its lexeme constituents functioned in fifteenth-cen-tury Latin as synonyms. A more detailed examination focuses on types of synonymy established between two mentioned lexemes. The terms contextual synonymy and partial synonymy are used here. In addition, the importance of connotative meaning is pointed out as a criterion for analysing the usage of lexemes refer-ring to Bohemia and the Bohemian people in the context of the Hussite heresy. The study is based on let-ters written by Polish secular and ecclesiastical chanceries as well as those written to Polish sovereigns and dignitaries by their foreign correspondents. In addition, the “Annals”of Jan Długosz are taken into account.
本文讨论了中世纪文本来源中用来表示胡斯派的术语。它特别关注名义短语波西米亚异教徒,认为其词素成分在15世纪的拉丁语中起同义词的作用。更详细的检查侧重于在两个提到的词汇之间建立的同义词类型。这里使用的术语是上下文同义词和部分同义词。此外,本文还指出了内涵意义的重要性,这是分析胡斯异端语境中有关波西米亚和波西米亚人的词汇使用的一个标准。这项研究是基于波兰世俗和教会大法官的信件,以及他们的外国记者写给波兰君主和政要的信件。此外,还考虑了1月Długosz的“编年史”。
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引用次数: 0
A new Cambrian catillicephalid trilobite from the Shallow Bay Formation of western Newfoundland, Canada 加拿大纽芬兰西部浅湾组一种新的寒武纪鱼头三叶虫
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00922.2021
S. Westrop, Alyce A. Dengler
A new Cambrian catillicephalid trilobite from the Shallow Bay Formation of western Newfoundland, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (1): 27–33. Species of Catillicephala are known from sites around the mid-Cambrian margin of Laurentian North America, including Vermont, Quebec, Newfoundland and North Greenland. Catillicephala cifellii sp. nov. is from the Downes Point Member of the Shallow Bay Formation (Cow Head Group) in western Newfoundland. It occurs in three shelf margin-derived boulders in debris flow conglomerates that accumulated in a continental slope setting. The associated trilobites and agnostoid arthropods, including Ptychagnostus aculeatus and Megagnostus glandiformis , indicate a correlation with the Lejopyge laevigata Zone. As such, C. cifellii is among the oldest representatives of the genus, and is early Guzhangian in age. which per-mits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
加拿大纽芬兰西部浅湾组一种新的寒武纪鱼头三叶虫。古生物学报67(1):27-33。Catillicephala的种类是在北美劳伦森地区的中寒武纪边缘地区发现的,包括佛蒙特州、魁北克、纽芬兰和北格陵兰岛。Catillicephala cifellii sp. 11 .来自纽芬兰西部浅湾组(牛头组)的Downes Point成员。它出现在陆坡环境下堆积的泥石流砾岩中的三个陆架边缘衍生的巨石中。伴生的三叶虫和无知虫节肢动物,包括ptychagnotus aculeatus和megagnotus glandiformis,表明与Lejopyge laevigata带有相关性。因此,C. cifellii是该属中最古老的代表之一,年龄在古张期早期。它允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,前提是要注明原作者和来源。
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引用次数: 1
Trepostome bryozoans encrusting Silurian gastropods: a taphonomic window and its implications for biodiversity 覆盖志留系腹足动物的苔藓虫:一个分类窗口及其对生物多样性的影响
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00964.2021
C. Buttler, L. Cherns, L. McCobb
.
志留系腹足动物外壳的苔藓虫:一个地层学窗口及其对生物多样性的影响。古生物学报67 (X): xxx-xxx。在英国什罗普郡德尔伯里采石场采集的勒德洛系列上Leintwardine组的志留系转角腹足动物,都被冠状体苔藓虫(Homotrypa cochlea sp. 11)包裹。没有发现苔藓虫包裹任何其他壳类动物,因此似乎优先选择腹足动物的壳。对这两种生物之间的关系进行了研究,以确定苔藓虫是否以死去的、空的软体动物壳为基质,它们是否与活的腹足类动物共生,或者这些壳是否由非腹足类动物宿主居住。有证据表明苔藓虫包裹着活着的腹足类动物的外壳,但在软体动物死后继续生长,外壳可能被贝壳虫占据。苔藓虫包裹着腹足类动物的壳,在软体动物死亡后,内部腔变成了一个“封闭”的微环境,壳在这里形成,有时再结晶的壳被保存下来。这些腹足动物的文石壳在成岩作用早期容易溶解,没有一种腹足动物是没有苔藓虫外壳的。在大多数早古生代壳类动物群中,软体动物的数量明显稀少,因此,苔藓生长导致了软体动物的局部分类窗口——即所谓的“软体动物缺失”现象。
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引用次数: 1
Brachiopod fauna from upper Visean, Mississippian, mud mounds in Derbyshire, UK 英国德比郡的上维桑,密西西比,泥丘的腕足动物群
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00972.2022
A. Carniti, G. Della Porta, V. Banks, M. Stephenson, L. Angiolini
The systematic study of a brachiopod fauna collected from a Brigantian, uppermost Visean, Mississippian, mud mound complex on the Derbyshire Carbonate Platform (England, United Kingdom) recognises 45 species, representing 36 genera and seven orders (Productida, Orthotetida, Orthida, Rhynchonellida, Spiriferida, Spiriferinida, and Terebratulida). The mound complex is a decametre-scale lens-shaped buildup composed of three facies associations: the basal tabular unit made of skeletal packstone beds and tabular mounds, the complex core formed by metre-scale lens-shaped massive mounds and the surrounding inclined skeletal packstone flank beds. Brachiopods are widespread and very abundant in all three facies associations. Spinose, concavo–convex productides are dominant in the mud mound fauna, both in terms of the number of specimens, species, and biovolume. Productide success is related to scattered and scarce food resources, which they better exploited using their simple, unsupported feeding apparatus in comparison with that of the spiriferides. Spiriferides with a wide interarea are common and large in the basal tabular unit, but are rare and small in the complex core, probably due to greater availability of food resources during the deposition of the basal unit. Substrate type also played a role in controlling brachiopod diversity: varied substrates in the mound complex core allowed small-sized pedicle-attached rhynchonellides, spiriferides, and terebratulides to extensively colonise the seafloor, whereas they are rare in the basal unit.
对英国德比郡碳酸盐岩台地上布里安阶、上维西阶、密西阶泥丘复群的腕足动物区系进行了系统研究,鉴定出7目(Productida、Orthotetida、Orthida、Rhynchonellida、Spiriferida、Spiriferinida和Terebratulida) 36属45种。丘状杂岩是由3种相组合组成的10米尺度透镜状堆积体:由骨状包岩层和板状丘组成的基底板状单元,由米尺度透镜状块状丘组成的复杂岩心和周围倾斜的骨状包岩侧层。在这三种相组合中,腕足动物分布广泛,数量非常丰富。在泥丘动物群中,无论是在标本数量、物种数量还是生物数量上,棘状、凹凸状的产物都占主导地位。生产的成功与分散和稀缺的食物资源有关,与螺旋体相比,它们使用简单、无辅助的取食装置可以更好地利用食物资源。具有宽间距的spirifiides在基板单元中常见且较大,但在复杂核心中罕见且较小,这可能是由于基板单元沉积期间食物资源的更大可用性。底物类型也在控制腕足动物多样性方面发挥了作用:丘堆复合体核心中不同的底物允许小型的带蒂的rhynchonellides、spiriferides和terebratulides广泛地在海底定居,而它们在基单元中却很少见。
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引用次数: 2
Reexamination of the Mandibular and Dental Morphology of the Early Jurassic Mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui 早侏罗世吴氏硬齿哺乳动物下颌和牙齿形态的再研究
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00949.2021
Zhe‐Xi Luo, Bhart‐Anjan S. Bhullar, A. Crompton, A. Neander, T. Rowe
Reexamination of the mandibular and dental morphology of the Early Jurassic mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui. CT visualization of the mandible and dentition of Hadrocodium wui , a stem mammaliaform from the Lower Jurassic Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China has revealed new features not accessible by previous microscopic study of the fossil. Its mandible shows a postdentary trough with an overhanging medial ridge and a short Meckel’s sulcus. An incomplete part of the ectotympanic and possibly a remnant of Meckel’s element are preserved in the postdentary trough. Thus, Hadrocodium is similar to other mammaliaforms in retaining a mandibular middle ear, contrary to our earlier interpretation. The mandible exhibits a large postcanine diastema from shedding of anterior premolars without replacement, an age-dependent feature better developed in older adults. Another adult feature is the alignment of the ultimate molar to the coronoid process. This is consistent with age-dependent changes in other mammaliaforms where the last molars of the toothrow shift from medial of the coronoid process in the juvenile, to a position in front of the coronoid process in the adult. The mandible has a short mobile symphysis. The dentition consists of I5, C1 (two-rooted), P3 (including P1 position) and M2 (M2 with confluent roots), and i4, c1 (partially two-rooted), p3, and m2 (m2 with partially confluent roots). The two-rooted upper canines are more derived than other Early Jurassic mammaliaforms from the same fauna, although similar to docodontans. Hadrocodium is unique in that the lower m2 cusp a occludes in the embrasure between upper M1–M2, but the posterior part of m2 shows between-cusp occlusion with upper M2 main cusp A. M2 is half the size of the lower m2, and occludes only with the distal half of m2. The upper postcanines show a steep gradient of posteriorly decreasing tooth size, more so than other mammaliaforms. The CT examination corroborates that there are no unerupted teeth in the upper or lower jaws, and the holotype of H. wui is dentally and osteologically mature and capable of independent feeding.
早侏罗世吴氏硬齿哺乳动物下颌和牙齿形态的再研究。来自中国云南下侏罗统下陆峰组的一种干哺乳动物Hadrocodium wui的下颌骨和牙列的CT可视化显示了以前对化石进行显微镜研究无法获得的新特征。下颌骨有牙后沟,内凸脊和短梅克尔沟。外鼓室的不完整部分和可能残余的梅克尔元素保存在后牙槽中。因此,Hadrocodium与其他哺乳动物相似,保留了下颌中耳,这与我们之前的解释相反。下颌骨由于前前磨牙脱落而无替代物,表现出较大的犬后间隙,这是一种年龄依赖性特征,在老年人中发展得更好。另一个成人的特征是最终的磨牙对准冠突。这与其他哺乳动物的年龄依赖性变化是一致的,在这些哺乳动物中,牙齿的最后一颗臼齿从幼年动物的冠突内侧移动到成年动物的冠突前方。下颌骨有短的活动联合。牙列由I5、C1(两根)、P3(包括P1位置)和M2(根融合M2)组成,i4、C1(部分两根)、P3和M2(根部分融合M2)组成。双根上犬科动物与其他早侏罗世哺乳动物相比,更多地来自同一动物群,尽管与齿齿类相似。Hadrocodium的独特之处在于下m2尖a闭塞在上M1-M2之间的间隙,但m2的后部与上m2主尖a呈尖间闭塞。m2的大小为下m2的一半,仅与m2的远端一半闭塞。上颌后犬齿的牙齿大小呈陡峭的下降趋势,比其他哺乳动物更明显。CT检查证实上颌和下颚均无未出牙,吴氏人牙骨发育成熟,能独立进食。
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引用次数: 3
Lower–Middle Cambrian faunas and stratigraphy from northern Siberia 北西伯利亚中下寒武统动物群与地层学
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00930.2021
Artem V. Kouchinsky, S. Bengtson, C. Skovsted, S. Clausen, L. Holmer, I. Korovnikov, V. Pavlov, G. Ushatinskaya, A. Zhuravlev, Kirill Kolesnikov
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引用次数: 7
Why tyrannosaur forelimbs were so short: an integrative hypothesis 为什么暴龙的前肢如此短:一个综合假说
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00921.2021
K. Padian
The unusually shortened limbs of giant theropods, including abelisaurids, carcharodontosaurids, and derived tyrannosauroids such as Tyrannosaurus rex have long been an object of wonder, speculation, and even derision on the part of both paleontologists and the public. Two questions commonly asked are “Why did the forelimbs become so short?” and “What did the animals use such short forelimbs for, if for anything?” Because basal tyrannosauroids and their outgroups, as well as the outgroups of other giant theropods, had longer forelimbs, the foreshortening of these elements in derived taxa was secondary, and it ostensibly involved a shift in developmental timing of the forelimb elements. Factors proposed to have influenced the evolutionary foreshortening include natural selection, sexual selection, energetic compensation, ontogenetic vagaries, and rudimentation due to disuse. Hypotheses of use have varied from a supporting anchor that allows the hindlimbs a purchase to stand from a reclining position to a pectoral version of pelvic claspers during inter-course to a sort of waving display during sexual or social selection. None of these hypotheses explain selective regimes for reduction; at best, they might argue for maintenance of the limb, but in all cases a larger limb would have suited the function better. It is likely that we have been looking the wrong way through the telescope, and that no specific function of the forelimbs was being selected; instead, another crucial adaptation of the animal profited from forelimb reduction. Here I propose, in the context of phylogenetic, ontogenetic, taphonomic, and social lines of evidence, that the forelimbs became shorter in the context of behavioral ecology: the great skull and jaws provided all the necessary predatory mech-anisms, and during group-feeding on carcasses, limb reduction was selected to keep the forelimbs out of the way of the jaws of large conspecific predators, avoiding injury, loss of blood, amputation, infection, and death. A variety of lines of evidence can test this hypothesis.
巨大的兽脚亚目恐龙,包括阿贝利龙、齿龙,以及雷克斯暴龙等暴龙的衍生类恐龙的异常缩短的四肢,长期以来一直是古生物学家和公众好奇、猜测甚至嘲笑的对象。两个常被问到的问题是:“为什么前肢变得这么短?”以及“这些动物用这么短的前肢做什么,如果有什么用的话?”由于基生暴龙及其外群,以及其他大型兽脚亚目的外群,前肢较长,因此衍生类群中这些元素的提前缩短是次要的,表面上看,这与前肢元素发育时间的改变有关。影响进化缩短的因素包括自然选择、性选择、能量补偿、个体发生变异和因废弃而产生的初始化。关于这种用法的假设多种多样,从使动物的后肢从倾斜的位置站立的支撑锚,到性交时骨盆扣的胸端,再到性选择或社会选择时的一种挥舞展示。这些假设都不能解释选择性还原机制;在最好的情况下,他们可能会争论维持肢体,但在所有情况下,更大的肢体更适合功能。很可能是我们通过望远镜看错了方向,没有选择前肢的特定功能;相反,动物的另一个关键适应得益于前肢的减少。在这里,我提出,在系统发育、个体发育、分类学和社会证据的背景下,前肢在行为生态学的背景下变得更短:巨大的头骨和颌骨提供了所有必要的捕食机制,在集体进食尸体时,肢体减少被选择,以使前肢远离大型同种捕食者的颌骨,避免受伤、失血、截肢、感染和死亡。各种各样的证据可以检验这一假设。
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引用次数: 0
Ungulates of the Middle Miocene (Early Barstovian)Monarch Mill Formation, Churchill County, Nevada, USA 美国内华达州邱吉尔县中中新世(早巴斯托世)君主磨坊组的有蹄动物
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00907.2021
Kent S. Smith, N. Czaplewski, M. Coombs
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引用次数: 0
Palaeobiogeographical implications of the first fossil wood flora from the Jurassic of Turkey 土耳其侏罗纪第一批木材植物群化石的古生物地理学意义
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00962.2021
Ü. Akkemik, Raif Kandemir, M. Philippe, Yildirim Güngör, Fatih Köroğlu
2022. Palaeobiogeographical implications of the first fossil wood flora from the Jurassic of Turkey. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. We describe Jurassic fossilized woods from the Gümüşhane and Erzurum regions of Turkey that represent the eastern Sakarya Zone (eSZ) terrestrial biota. We collected 27 fossil wood fragments in total. All 27 fossil wood specimens rep resent coniferous trees. We assigned ten specimens to Agathoxylon sp. type 1, fourteen to Agathoxylon sp. type 2, two to Protelicoxylon asiaticum and one to Xenoxylon hopeiense . Middle Jurassic woods are represented by Agathoxylon only what does not allow for any palaeobiogeographic inferences. The Late Jurassic wood flora evidences a continuity of Gondwanan eSZ terrestrial areas with the Laurasian ones. The occurrence of Xenoxylon within this Late Jurassic wood flora suggests an abundant water supply under a relatively cool/humid climate. Overall, both floras show important similarities to contemporary fossil wood flora from Iran and, to a lesser extent, to those from Georgia.
2022. 土耳其侏罗纪第一批木材植物群化石的古生物地理学意义。古生物学报67 (X): xxx-xxx。我们描述了来自土耳其g m 和Erzurum地区的侏罗纪化石木材,它们代表了东部萨卡亚带(eSZ)陆地生物群。我们总共收集了27块化石木片。27个木材化石标本均为针叶树。1型梭梭10个,2型梭梭14个,亚洲原梭梭2个,希望梭梭1个。中侏罗世的森林仅以Agathoxylon为代表,不允许任何古生物地理推断。晚侏罗世木材区系表明冈瓦南eSZ陆域与劳拉斯陆域具有连续性。Xenoxylon在晚侏罗世木材植物群中的出现表明在相对凉爽/潮湿的气候下有丰富的水供应。总的来说,这两种植物群与伊朗的当代化石木材植物群有重要的相似之处,在较小程度上与格鲁吉亚的植物群相似。
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引用次数: 1
Redescription of the type specimens for the Late Jurassic rhynchocephalian Opisthias rarus and a new specimen of Theretairus antiquus from Quarry 9, Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA 美国怀俄明州Morrison组9号采石场晚侏罗世颈头类Opisthias rarus模式标本的重新描述及一种新种Theretairus antius
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4202/app.00929.2021
Jorge A. Herrera‐Flores, Thomas L. Stubbs, F. Sour-Tovar
We reexamine and redescribe the type specimens and other associated material of the Late Jurassic rhynchocephalian Opisthias rarus, from Quarry 9 of the Morrison Formation. We rediscover and describe a fragment of rock matrix belonging to the holotype that is presented for the first time, and we also comment on undescribed material from Quarry 9 that possibly belongs to an unnamed species of Opisthias. In addition, we describe a new specimen of Theretairus antiquus that helps to reject its proposed status as a junior synonym of O. rarus, and contributes to increase the knowledge of the microvertebrate fauna of the Late Jurassic of North America.
本文对莫里森组9号采石场的晚侏罗世颈头类稀有蛇目(Opisthias rarus)的模式标本和其他相关材料进行了重新研究和描述。我们重新发现并描述了第一次出现的属于完整模式的岩石基质碎片,并对9号采石场中可能属于未命名的Opisthias物种的未描述材料进行了评论。此外,我们描述了一个新的Theretairus antiquus标本,有助于否定其作为O. rarus的初级同义词的地位,并有助于增加对北美晚侏罗世微脊椎动物区系的认识。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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