Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41410
O. A. Akande
Aims: The growing world population, carbon foot prints of rearing conventional protein sources, issues of protein malnutrition (particularly in developing nations) and the urgent needs of protein-rich food relief materials in crisis situations may necessitate the utilisation of underutilised sustainable, nutritious protein sources. The study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using indigenous food crops and substituting milk powder with edible insects’ powder as a sustainable alternative protein source in high energy rice biscuits. Study Design: Biscuits were produced following the standard USAID recipe for HEB and comparisons were made with the insect biscuits and STD. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: The high energy biscuits was evaluated for proximate composition, total sugars using Anthrone reagent, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), physical properties such as spread ratio, weight, width etc. Microbial and sensory quality of the biscuits were also determined using standard methods. Results: From the findings of the study, rice biscuits with silkworm pupae had outstanding protein (12.76 g/100 g), fat (15.78 g/100 g) and energy (451.38 Kcal/100 g) contents while biscuit with migratory locust powder had slightly higher total ash and CHO. The spread ratios of the biscuits were within acceptable range. In terms of mineral composition, all the insect biscuits were significantly superior to the milk biscuit except for calcium. However, all the rice HEB exceeded the minimum USAID specifications for nutritive elements. The insect biscuits had more than quadruple the recommended pro-vitamin A content (1200. 67 and 2390.05 μg/100 g) and impressive amounts of vitamin C (94.19 and 52.39 mg/100 g). The microbial assessment revealed HEB with remarkable quality signifying wholesome raw materials and hygienic sample preparation. All samples received good sensorial ranking, but HEB with migratory locust was preferred. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that edible insects could serve as alternative protein source in the production of a nutritious high energy biscuit with good organoleptic and microbiological qualities.
{"title":"Comparison of Inclusion of Skimmed Milk and Edible Insects on the Nutritional, Sensory and Microbial Qualities of Enriched High Energy Rice Biscuits","authors":"O. A. Akande","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41410","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The growing world population, carbon foot prints of rearing conventional protein sources, issues of protein malnutrition (particularly in developing nations) and the urgent needs of protein-rich food relief materials in crisis situations may necessitate the utilisation of underutilised sustainable, nutritious protein sources. The study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using indigenous food crops and substituting milk powder with edible insects’ powder as a sustainable alternative protein source in high energy rice biscuits. \u0000Study Design: Biscuits were produced following the standard USAID recipe for HEB and comparisons were made with the insect biscuits and STD. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2018 and August 2018. \u0000Methodology: The high energy biscuits was evaluated for proximate composition, total sugars using Anthrone reagent, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), physical properties such as spread ratio, weight, width etc. Microbial and sensory quality of the biscuits were also determined using standard methods. \u0000Results: From the findings of the study, rice biscuits with silkworm pupae had outstanding protein (12.76 g/100 g), fat (15.78 g/100 g) and energy (451.38 Kcal/100 g) contents while biscuit with migratory locust powder had slightly higher total ash and CHO. The spread ratios of the biscuits were within acceptable range. In terms of mineral composition, all the insect biscuits were significantly superior to the milk biscuit except for calcium. However, all the rice HEB exceeded the minimum USAID specifications for nutritive elements. The insect biscuits had more than quadruple the recommended pro-vitamin A content (1200. 67 and 2390.05 μg/100 g) and impressive amounts of vitamin C (94.19 and 52.39 mg/100 g). The microbial assessment revealed HEB with remarkable quality signifying wholesome raw materials and hygienic sample preparation. All samples received good sensorial ranking, but HEB with migratory locust was preferred. \u0000Conclusion: The results demonstrated that edible insects could serve as alternative protein source in the production of a nutritious high energy biscuit with good organoleptic and microbiological qualities.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41408
Noah Mandele, Bernard Chove, Rashid Suleiman
Aims: The aim of doing this research was to assess farmer's understanding on the impact of time interval from harvest to mill on sugarcane quality as the basic raw material for sugar production. Study Design: A cross-sectional research design was used Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from July to December 2023 in Kilombero Valley located in the eastern part of Tanzania, between latitude 7 0 42'42'S and longitude 37 0 00'00'E. Methodology: The study involved two districts Kilombero and Kilosa of which three wards in Kilosa district and one ward in Kilombero were selected, two villages were selected from each ward to form a total of eight villages. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select eighty farmers from 8 villages and 10 employees of Kilombero Sugar Company, forming a total of ninety respondents. A constructed closed and open questionnaire were used to collect information from respondents. The questions were constructed, translated into Swahili and pre-tested and presented to the respondents. The data collected was then coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: According to the findings, around 52.5% of those interviewed were aware of the 12- to 30-hour delay in cutting burnt sugarcane. The majority of farmers, around 70%, reported delays in transportation due to poor infrastructures as well as truck breakdown. The time to transport harvested sugarcane was between 12 and 72 hours. Farmers' perceptions of factors affecting sugarcane quality rated delays in processing and transportation as very important factors, delay in cutting burnt sugarcane as an important factor, and large distance and burning of sugarcane as slightly important factors affecting sugarcane quality.The impact of these series of delays, respondents explained, that affect sugarcane quality particularly sucrose losses, weight losses, and consequently affect their income Sucrose was mentioned by respondents as quality criteria for selling sugarcane. About 68.8% of the interviewed respondents, described that percentage of sucrose measured from their harvested sugarcane was between 9 and 11%, and the minority 2% obtained sucrose levels was between 12 and 14%. Conclusion: Farmers' understanding on the impact of the harvest-to-mill gap is critical, as a raw sugarcane provider, frequent training on variables influencing sugarcane quality attributes is required. The government has to place greater emphasis on authorities tasked with delivering extension services to farmers that include Agriculture officers employed by district councils, Sugar Tanzania Sugar Board, Kilombero Sugar Company, and the National Sugar Institute.
{"title":"Awareness of Farmers on Effect of Harvest to Mill Gap Duration on Quality of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)","authors":"Noah Mandele, Bernard Chove, Rashid Suleiman","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41408","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of doing this research was to assess farmer's understanding on the impact of time interval from harvest to mill on sugarcane quality as the basic raw material for sugar production.\u0000Study Design: A cross-sectional research design was used\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from July to December 2023 in Kilombero Valley located in the eastern part of Tanzania, between latitude 7 0 42'42'S and longitude 37 0 00'00'E. \u0000Methodology: The study involved two districts Kilombero and Kilosa of which three wards in Kilosa district and one ward in Kilombero were selected, two villages were selected from each ward to form a total of eight villages. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select eighty farmers from 8 villages and 10 employees of Kilombero Sugar Company, forming a total of ninety respondents. A constructed closed and open questionnaire were used to collect information from respondents. The questions were constructed, translated into Swahili and pre-tested and presented to the respondents. The data collected was then coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).\u0000Results: According to the findings, around 52.5% of those interviewed were aware of the 12- to 30-hour delay in cutting burnt sugarcane. The majority of farmers, around 70%, reported delays in transportation due to poor infrastructures as well as truck breakdown. The time to transport harvested sugarcane was between 12 and 72 hours. Farmers' perceptions of factors affecting sugarcane quality rated delays in processing and transportation as very important factors, delay in cutting burnt sugarcane as an important factor, and large distance and burning of sugarcane as slightly important factors affecting sugarcane quality.The impact of these series of delays, respondents explained, that affect sugarcane quality particularly sucrose losses, weight losses, and consequently affect their income Sucrose was mentioned by respondents as quality criteria for selling sugarcane. About 68.8% of the interviewed respondents, described that percentage of sucrose measured from their harvested sugarcane was between 9 and 11%, and the minority 2% obtained sucrose levels was between 12 and 14%.\u0000Conclusion: Farmers' understanding on the impact of the harvest-to-mill gap is critical, as a raw sugarcane provider, frequent training on variables influencing sugarcane quality attributes is required. The government has to place greater emphasis on authorities tasked with delivering extension services to farmers that include Agriculture officers employed by district councils, Sugar Tanzania Sugar Board, Kilombero Sugar Company, and the National Sugar Institute.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"138 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41407
Raju, C. A., Shamshad Begum, S., Kalpana, B.
Amla processing generates a significant amount of amla residue, known as amla pomace, which is a valuable byproduct. Amla pomace is rich in nutrients and can be utilized as a raw material for further processing and value addition. In this study, peanut chikki was developed by adding amla pomace powder as a functional ingredient at different levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) along with peanuts, and compared with a control sample. The chikki with 6% amla pomace (T3) had the highest overall acceptability score (7.85) compared to other variations. The nutrient composition of the most preferred chikki included protein (10.2g), fat (15.6g), dietary fiber (6.5g), carbohydrates (50g), and 26 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. Storage studies showed an increase in moisture, and peroxide value, a decrease in sensory scores and ascorbic acid content over time. However, the microbiological load remained within acceptable limits. This study demonstrates that amla pomace powder can be successfully incorporated into peanut chikki, providing nutritional and health benefits while addressing waste management issues.
{"title":"Nutritional Evaluation of Peanut Chikki Incorporated with Amla Pomace Powder","authors":"Raju, C. A., Shamshad Begum, S., Kalpana, B.","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41407","url":null,"abstract":"Amla processing generates a significant amount of amla residue, known as amla pomace, which is a valuable byproduct. Amla pomace is rich in nutrients and can be utilized as a raw material for further processing and value addition. In this study, peanut chikki was developed by adding amla pomace powder as a functional ingredient at different levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) along with peanuts, and compared with a control sample. The chikki with 6% amla pomace (T3) had the highest overall acceptability score (7.85) compared to other variations. The nutrient composition of the most preferred chikki included protein (10.2g), fat (15.6g), dietary fiber (6.5g), carbohydrates (50g), and 26 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. Storage studies showed an increase in moisture, and peroxide value, a decrease in sensory scores and ascorbic acid content over time. However, the microbiological load remained within acceptable limits. This study demonstrates that amla pomace powder can be successfully incorporated into peanut chikki, providing nutritional and health benefits while addressing waste management issues.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"34 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41406
Ravi Y., Sannapapamma K. J., V. Muktamath, Geeta Channal, Rajeshwari Desai, Sumangala Badami
Present study was undertaken to analyze the socio-economic and nutritional status of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food, nutrition and health security. Using 300 farm women in Chamarajanagar district. Health and nutritional status assessment, food intake, nutritional adequacy and screening for iron deficiency anaemia and KAP study on health and nutrition was conducted. Malnutrition is still one of the crucial problems in developing countries which is relationship between nutrition and health among a majority of the population. The objective of the study was dietary pattern of before and after intervention. This paper tries to analyze the food consumption and dietary pattern of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food and nutrition security by using of 500 farm women in Dharwad district. A well-structured questionnaire was framed to gather the information on dietary pattern of the subjects was assessed by 24– hour diet recall method before and after intervention. The results revealed that, Among cereals, rice was consumed daily (90.4%) by all the families, where as food intake was observed that Pulses (67.67), milk and milk products (167.60), roots and tubers (67.80), GLV’s (47.17), other vegetables (96.47), fruits (37.33), fats and oil (17.70) consumption is very low when compared to RDA whereas consumption of cereal was on par with the recommended dietary allowances. The mean nutrient intake of energy (1794.5 kcal), protein (36.95 g), fat (17.95 g), iron (18.98 mg) and Vitamin C(42.85 mg) were less when compared to the RDA. The results shows that all nutrients and food intake consumption was found inadequate.
{"title":"Food Consumption, Purchasing and Dietary Pattern of Farm Women in Dharwad District, Karnataka State, India","authors":"Ravi Y., Sannapapamma K. J., V. Muktamath, Geeta Channal, Rajeshwari Desai, Sumangala Badami","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41406","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was undertaken to analyze the socio-economic and nutritional status of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food, nutrition and health security. Using 300 farm women in Chamarajanagar district. Health and nutritional status assessment, food intake, nutritional adequacy and screening for iron deficiency anaemia and KAP study on health and nutrition was conducted. Malnutrition is still one of the crucial problems in developing countries which is relationship between nutrition and health among a majority of the population. The objective of the study was dietary pattern of before and after intervention. This paper tries to analyze the food consumption and dietary pattern of women involved in farm activities and to know the impact of nutri-farms on food and nutrition security by using of 500 farm women in Dharwad district. A well-structured questionnaire was framed to gather the information on dietary pattern of the subjects was assessed by 24– hour diet recall method before and after intervention. The results revealed that, Among cereals, rice was consumed daily (90.4%) by all the families, where as food intake was observed that Pulses (67.67), milk and milk products (167.60), roots and tubers (67.80), GLV’s (47.17), other vegetables (96.47), fruits (37.33), fats and oil (17.70) consumption is very low when compared to RDA whereas consumption of cereal was on par with the recommended dietary allowances. The mean nutrient intake of energy (1794.5 kcal), protein (36.95 g), fat (17.95 g), iron (18.98 mg) and Vitamin C(42.85 mg) were less when compared to the RDA. The results shows that all nutrients and food intake consumption was found inadequate.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"126 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41405
V. Muktamath, Sannapapamma K. J, Ravi Y, Geetha Channal, Rajeshaari Desai, Sumangala Badami
The connection between food insecurity and health is becoming more widely acknowledged, as it plays a major role in the onset and advancement of non-communicable illnesses. The family's overall well-being and health are directly impacted by the health status of the female. Rural women play a dominant role in the country’s economy and their nutritional status has direct bearing on the whole family. Hence the present study was conducted with the objective to assess nutritional status and to identify the predictors of poor nutrition among rural women of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka. The sample of the study included 500 rural women in the age group of 16-80 years. A self structured questionnaire, SES Agarwal 2005, Anthropometric measurements were used to assess BMI, Hb level, knowledge level and morbidity status. More than one third of the rural women were selected were in the age group of 40-80 years, were illiterates and involved in agriculture. Majority belong to social tribes and staying in nuclear families. Two third of the selected rural womenconsume non-vegetarian food. More than half of the families belonged to upper middle socio economic status. Majority of them had health related problems and were in mild to moderate anemia category. Low SES, low nutritional knowledge, non working status, morbidity condition, middle age group, anemia status and poor protein diet were found to be the risk factors of poor nutritional status among rural women. Low SES was found to be 2.6 times riskier; anemia condition was 4.68 times risk when compared to normal Hemoglobin level.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Nutritional Status and its Predictors amongst Women in a Rural Community of Dharwad Taluk, Karnataka, India","authors":"V. Muktamath, Sannapapamma K. J, Ravi Y, Geetha Channal, Rajeshaari Desai, Sumangala Badami","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41405","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between food insecurity and health is becoming more widely acknowledged, as it plays a major role in the onset and advancement of non-communicable illnesses. The family's overall well-being and health are directly impacted by the health status of the female. Rural women play a dominant role in the country’s economy and their nutritional status has direct bearing on the whole family. Hence the present study was conducted with the objective to assess nutritional status and to identify the predictors of poor nutrition among rural women of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka. The sample of the study included 500 rural women in the age group of 16-80 years. A self structured questionnaire, SES Agarwal 2005, Anthropometric measurements were used to assess BMI, Hb level, knowledge level and morbidity status. More than one third of the rural women were selected were in the age group of 40-80 years, were illiterates and involved in agriculture. Majority belong to social tribes and staying in nuclear families. Two third of the selected rural womenconsume non-vegetarian food. More than half of the families belonged to upper middle socio economic status. Majority of them had health related problems and were in mild to moderate anemia category. Low SES, low nutritional knowledge, non working status, morbidity condition, middle age group, anemia status and poor protein diet were found to be the risk factors of poor nutritional status among rural women. Low SES was found to be 2.6 times riskier; anemia condition was 4.68 times risk when compared to normal Hemoglobin level.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"38 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41403
Natasha R. Marak, Arya Parashar
In a time when the relationship between one’s own health and the health of the planet is more intertwined than ever, the idea of sustainable nutrition appears as a tenet for promoting both planetary and individual balance. This article explores the complex connection between our diet and physical health, highlighting the significant influence our food choices have on the environment. Fundamentally, sustainable nutrition promotes an intentional eating style that goes beyond individual health restrictions. It invites people to think about how their food choices may affect the environment more broadly. Given that eating habits have a significant impact on ecological footprints, the article promotes a switch to plant-based diets, stressing the sustainable production of a variety of crops that support biodiversity and reduce the strain on natural resources. It examines the damage that modern industrialized agriculture causes to the environment and emphasizes the need of using organic and regenerative farming techniques. It also promotes lowering carbon footprints by consuming seasonal, local produce, which has positive effects on the environment and the economy. The article addresses the issue of global food waste and suggests composting, careful meal planning, and backing initiatives to reduce food waste in order to reduce landfill methane emissions. The present review employs a methodology that includes a thorough literature review and an objective evaluation of studies conducted in an area of sustainable development. It also aims to identify trends, challenges, and potential directions for future exploration. To sum up, it aims to shed light on the mutually beneficial relationship between individual and global health. This article aims to inspire a collective commitment to nourishing not only our bodies but also the Earth we call our home, by encouraging mindfulness in dietary choices, advocating for sustainable food systems, and promoting education. As we embark on this journey towards sustainable nutrition, we lay the foundation for a healthier, more resilient future for both ourselves and the planet.
{"title":"Feeding Tomorrow: A Journey into Sustainable Nutrition for Personal and Planetary Health","authors":"Natasha R. Marak, Arya Parashar","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41403","url":null,"abstract":"In a time when the relationship between one’s own health and the health of the planet is more intertwined than ever, the idea of sustainable nutrition appears as a tenet for promoting both planetary and individual balance. This article explores the complex connection between our diet and physical health, highlighting the significant influence our food choices have on the environment. Fundamentally, sustainable nutrition promotes an intentional eating style that goes beyond individual health restrictions. It invites people to think about how their food choices may affect the environment more broadly. Given that eating habits have a significant impact on ecological footprints, the article promotes a switch to plant-based diets, stressing the sustainable production of a variety of crops that support biodiversity and reduce the strain on natural resources. It examines the damage that modern industrialized agriculture causes to the environment and emphasizes the need of using organic and regenerative farming techniques. It also promotes lowering carbon footprints by consuming seasonal, local produce, which has positive effects on the environment and the economy. The article addresses the issue of global food waste and suggests composting, careful meal planning, and backing initiatives to reduce food waste in order to reduce landfill methane emissions. \u0000The present review employs a methodology that includes a thorough literature review and an objective evaluation of studies conducted in an area of sustainable development. It also aims to identify trends, challenges, and potential directions for future exploration. To sum up, it aims to shed light on the mutually beneficial relationship between individual and global health. This article aims to inspire a collective commitment to nourishing not only our bodies but also the Earth we call our home, by encouraging mindfulness in dietary choices, advocating for sustainable food systems, and promoting education. As we embark on this journey towards sustainable nutrition, we lay the foundation for a healthier, more resilient future for both ourselves and the planet.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"81 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41404
Dipti Rai, C. Chaudhary, A. Khatak, Sonika Banyal
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in essential vitamins and minerals, pose a significant public health challenge, affecting over two billion people worldwide. These deficiencies contribute to various health issues, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity, ultimately hindering social and economic progress. Biofortification, a process of enhancing the nutritional content of staple crops through conventional breeding or genetic engineering, has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies and ensure global food security. This review explores the potential of Biofortification as a cost-effective and sustainable solution to address hidden hunger and improve the nutritional status of vulnerable populations. Biofortification offers several advantages over traditional interventions, such as supplementation and food fortification. By targeting staple crops consumed by the majority of the population, Biofortification ensures a wide reach and sustained nutrient intake without requiring significant changes in dietary habits. Moreover, biofortified crops can be grown locally, reducing the reliance on external interventions and empowering farmers to improve their nutritional status and livelihoods. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bio fortified crops in increasing micronutrient intake and improving health outcomes. For instance, iron-biofortified pearl millet has been shown to increase iron absorption and reduce anemia prevalence in children, while zinc-biofortified wheat has improved zinc status and reduced stunting. Additionally, vitamin A-biofortified sweet potato and cassava have significantly increased vitamin A intake and reduced vitamin A deficiency in various populations. Despite the promising results, the success of Biofortification relies on several factors, including the development of nutrient-dense varieties, consumer acceptance, and effective dissemination strategies. Collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to scale up Biofortification efforts and ensure their long-term sustainability. By prioritizing Biofortification as a key strategy in combating micronutrient deficiencies, we can work towards a more nourished and food-secure world.
微量营养素缺乏症，尤其是必需维生素和矿物质缺乏症，对公共卫生构成了重大挑战，影响到全球 20 多亿人。这些缺乏症会导致各种健康问题、认知发展受损和生产力下降，最终阻碍社会和经济进步。生物强化是通过常规育种或基因工程提高主食作物营养成分的过程，已成为解决微量营养素缺乏症和确保全球粮食安全的一种前景广阔的可持续方法。本综述探讨了生物强化作为一种具有成本效益和可持续的解决方案，在解决隐性饥饿和改善弱势人群营养状况方面的潜力。与补充营养和食品营养强化等传统干预措施相比，生物强化具有若干优势。生物强化以大多数人食用的主要作物为目标，确保了广泛的覆盖面和持续的营养摄入，而不需要显著改变饮食习惯。此外，生物强化作物可以在当地种植，从而减少对外部干预措施的依赖，并增强农民改善营养状况和生计的能力。大量研究表明，生物强化作物在增加微量营养素摄入和改善健康状况方面具有功效。例如，铁生物强化珍珠粟已被证明可增加铁的吸收并降低儿童贫血症的发病率，而锌生物强化小麦可改善锌的状况并减少发育迟缓。此外，维生素 A 生物强化红薯和木薯也显著增加了维生素 A 的摄入量，减少了不同人群的维生素 A 缺乏症。尽管取得了可喜的成果，但生物强化的成功取决于几个因素，包括营养强化品种的开发、消费者的接受程度以及有效的传播战略。研究人员、政策制定者和利益相关者之间的合作对于扩大生物强化工作的规模并确保其长期可持续性至关重要。通过将生物强化作为防治微量营养素缺乏症的一项重要战略，我们可以努力建设一个营养更丰富、粮食更安全的世界。
{"title":"A Sustainable Approach to Combat Micronutrient Deficiencies and Ensure Global Food Security through Biofortification","authors":"Dipti Rai, C. Chaudhary, A. Khatak, Sonika Banyal","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41404","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in essential vitamins and minerals, pose a significant public health challenge, affecting over two billion people worldwide. These deficiencies contribute to various health issues, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity, ultimately hindering social and economic progress. Biofortification, a process of enhancing the nutritional content of staple crops through conventional breeding or genetic engineering, has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies and ensure global food security. This review explores the potential of Biofortification as a cost-effective and sustainable solution to address hidden hunger and improve the nutritional status of vulnerable populations. Biofortification offers several advantages over traditional interventions, such as supplementation and food fortification. By targeting staple crops consumed by the majority of the population, Biofortification ensures a wide reach and sustained nutrient intake without requiring significant changes in dietary habits. Moreover, biofortified crops can be grown locally, reducing the reliance on external interventions and empowering farmers to improve their nutritional status and livelihoods. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bio fortified crops in increasing micronutrient intake and improving health outcomes. For instance, iron-biofortified pearl millet has been shown to increase iron absorption and reduce anemia prevalence in children, while zinc-biofortified wheat has improved zinc status and reduced stunting. Additionally, vitamin A-biofortified sweet potato and cassava have significantly increased vitamin A intake and reduced vitamin A deficiency in various populations. \u0000Despite the promising results, the success of Biofortification relies on several factors, including the development of nutrient-dense varieties, consumer acceptance, and effective dissemination strategies. Collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to scale up Biofortification efforts and ensure their long-term sustainability. By prioritizing Biofortification as a key strategy in combating micronutrient deficiencies, we can work towards a more nourished and food-secure world.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":"122 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31402
Tsi Nsoh Faith Ranale, Mary Chia Garba, Fointama Emmanuel Ngoinangeh, Ejoh Richard Abah
The foundation for good physical health is good nutritional status. Nutritional status of pregnant women is directly affected by the foods they eat and their nutrient content. Nutritional knowledge is positively associated with diet quality. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and nutrition education knowledge of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda Health District (BHD). Study Design: This study was carried conducted in BHD in the North West Region of Cameroon, with pregnant women aged 13 to 49 years recruited from public hospitals. Place and Duration of Study: BHD including (Bamenda Regional Hospital, Azire Integrated Health centre, Atuakom Integrated Health Centre, Ntambag Integrated Health Centre) between April 2022 to September 2022. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out in four health facilities BHD. Random sampling technique was done to target the sample size of 354 pregnant women. A questionnaire was developed to collect socio-demographic information and clinical records of the pregnant women. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical and dietary assessments of the women were determined using standard techniques. Data collected was analysed by MS excel and SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results were considered at significance level P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study population was 26.4±5.5years and the average intake of servings of meals per day was suboptimal in the consumption of vegetables (2±1.9), fruits (0.6± 1.3) and milk (0.4 ±0.6) food groups. Women consumed diets that met less than 50% of energy needs. There exists a significant difference in mean energy requirements 1828.8 ± 152.9 Kcal compared to mean energy intake 1192.0 ± 344.6 Kcal which is below the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) of 2400 kcal for pregnant women. Ignorance still existed in dietary knowledge and 18.1% of the women were anaemic. Conclusion: There was an overall suboptimal approach to dietary intake among the pregnant women, inadequate food intake, poor food choices and limited healthy dietary knowledge. Thus pregnant women in BHD still need more access to information on dietary information.
{"title":"Understanding Maternal Nutrition Insights from Pregnant Women in Bamenda, Cameroon","authors":"Tsi Nsoh Faith Ranale, Mary Chia Garba, Fointama Emmanuel Ngoinangeh, Ejoh Richard Abah","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31402","url":null,"abstract":"The foundation for good physical health is good nutritional status. Nutritional status of pregnant women is directly affected by the foods they eat and their nutrient content. Nutritional knowledge is positively associated with diet quality. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and nutrition education knowledge of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda Health District (BHD). \u0000Study Design: This study was carried conducted in BHD in the North West Region of Cameroon, with pregnant women aged 13 to 49 years recruited from public hospitals. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: BHD including (Bamenda Regional Hospital, Azire Integrated Health centre, Atuakom Integrated Health Centre, Ntambag Integrated Health Centre) between April 2022 to September 2022. \u0000Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out in four health facilities BHD. Random sampling technique was done to target the sample size of 354 pregnant women. A questionnaire was developed to collect socio-demographic information and clinical records of the pregnant women. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical and dietary assessments of the women were determined using standard techniques. Data collected was analysed by MS excel and SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results were considered at significance level P ≤ 0.05. \u0000Results: The mean age of the study population was 26.4±5.5years and the average intake of servings of meals per day was suboptimal in the consumption of vegetables (2±1.9), fruits (0.6± 1.3) and milk (0.4 ±0.6) food groups. Women consumed diets that met less than 50% of energy needs. There exists a significant difference in mean energy requirements 1828.8 ± 152.9 Kcal compared to mean energy intake 1192.0 ± 344.6 Kcal which is below the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) of 2400 kcal for pregnant women. Ignorance still existed in dietary knowledge and 18.1% of the women were anaemic. \u0000Conclusion: There was an overall suboptimal approach to dietary intake among the pregnant women, inadequate food intake, poor food choices and limited healthy dietary knowledge. Thus pregnant women in BHD still need more access to information on dietary information.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31401
Enyinnaya A. Ogbonnaya, Austin C. Nwachinemerem, Joyce O. Akaninwor
In this study, food staples comprising of Zea mays (maize), Sorghum bicolor (guinea corn), Glycine max (soybean), Arachis hypogea (groundnut) and Procambarus clarkii (crayfish) were traditionally processed and formulated into maize-guinea corn based weaning diets at 16% protein level. A replica of each diet was formulated with inclusion of vitamin C (50 mg/100 g diet). Fifty four 3-week old weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 36-39 g were placed into 13 groups of 4 rats per group and administered different diet groups ranging from maize- guinea corn base diet alone, through staples-inclusive diet (singly and in combination) and their vitamin c fortified replica diets, and standard commercial infant formula (Cerelac®) diet. Animals were sacrificed on the 28th day from onset of feeding and evaluated for biochemical, hematological and biological parameters; and sensory evaluation also conducted on the diets. Results showed significant increases in serum concentrations of protein, urea, creatinine; in the levels of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV); in total body weight gain and organ weights and insignificant changes in white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts in the staples-inclusive diets compared to base diet and also in the vitamin C- fortified diets compared to non-fortified diets. Incorporation of food staples enhanced the protein quality of the diets while fortification with vitamin C increased only the biological value. On the acceptability rating, only the base gruel-crayfish mix showed significantly higher taste and overall acceptability. Therefore, the inclusion of the food blends comprising of soybean, groundnut and crayfish improved the nutritive content, hematopoietic potential, protein quality, taste and overall acceptability of the maize-guinea corn based weaning diet. These were further improved by fortification of the diets with vitamin C, while crayfish played a prominent role in taste and overall acceptance of the formulated diets. Fortification also significantly bridges the gap between the formulated weaning diets and Cerelac®, a standard commercial weaning formula in Nigeria.
本研究将玉米、高粱、大豆、花生和螯虾等主食进行传统加工，配制成以玉米为基础、蛋白质含量为 16% 的断奶日粮。每种日粮的复制品都添加了维生素 C（50 毫克/100 克日粮）。将 54 只体重在 36-39 克之间的 3 周龄断奶白化大鼠（Rattus norvegicus）分成 13 组，每组 4 只，分别饲喂不同的日粮，包括单独饲喂玉米-豚鼠基础日粮、主食日粮（单独或混合）及其维生素 C 强化复制品日粮，以及标准商业婴儿配方奶粉（Cerelac®）日粮。动物在开始喂食后的第 28 天被处死，并对生化、血液学和生物学参数进行评估，同时还对日粮进行了感官评估。结果表明，与基础日粮相比，含主食日粮的蛋白质、尿素和肌酐的血清浓度；红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）和充盈细胞体积（PCV）的水平；总体重增加和器官重量都有明显增加，而白细胞（WBC）和血小板计数的变化不大；与非强化日粮相比，强化维生素 C 的日粮也有明显增加。添加主食提高了日粮的蛋白质质量，而强化维生素 C 只提高了生物价值。在可接受性评分方面，只有基础粥-小龙虾混合日粮的口味和总体可接受性明显较高。因此，加入由大豆、花生和小龙虾组成的混合饲料可提高玉米-豚鼠断奶日粮的营养成分、造血潜能、蛋白质质量、口味和总体可接受性。日粮中添加维生素 C 进一步提高了这些指标，而小龙虾则在口感和配方日粮的总体接受度方面发挥了显著作用。强化还大大缩小了配方断奶日粮与 Cerelac®（尼日利亚的一种标准商业断奶配方）之间的差距。
{"title":"Effect of Soybean, Groundnut, Crayfish Inclusion and Vitamin C-fortified Formulated Food Blends on Biochemical, Hematological, Protein Quality and Performance Indices in Weanling Albino Rats","authors":"Enyinnaya A. Ogbonnaya, Austin C. Nwachinemerem, Joyce O. Akaninwor","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31401","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, food staples comprising of Zea mays (maize), Sorghum bicolor (guinea corn), Glycine max (soybean), Arachis hypogea (groundnut) and Procambarus clarkii (crayfish) were traditionally processed and formulated into maize-guinea corn based weaning diets at 16% protein level. A replica of each diet was formulated with inclusion of vitamin C (50 mg/100 g diet). Fifty four 3-week old weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 36-39 g were placed into 13 groups of 4 rats per group and administered different diet groups ranging from maize- guinea corn base diet alone, through staples-inclusive diet (singly and in combination) and their vitamin c fortified replica diets, and standard commercial infant formula (Cerelac®) diet. Animals were sacrificed on the 28th day from onset of feeding and evaluated for biochemical, hematological and biological parameters; and sensory evaluation also conducted on the diets. Results showed significant increases in serum concentrations of protein, urea, creatinine; in the levels of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV); in total body weight gain and organ weights and insignificant changes in white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts in the staples-inclusive diets compared to base diet and also in the vitamin C- fortified diets compared to non-fortified diets. Incorporation of food staples enhanced the protein quality of the diets while fortification with vitamin C increased only the biological value. On the acceptability rating, only the base gruel-crayfish mix showed significantly higher taste and overall acceptability. Therefore, the inclusion of the food blends comprising of soybean, groundnut and crayfish improved the nutritive content, hematopoietic potential, protein quality, taste and overall acceptability of the maize-guinea corn based weaning diet. These were further improved by fortification of the diets with vitamin C, while crayfish played a prominent role in taste and overall acceptance of the formulated diets. Fortification also significantly bridges the gap between the formulated weaning diets and Cerelac®, a standard commercial weaning formula in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140217027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31400
Momo Kenfack Chancel Hector, Love Adjei Oraikwu, Bilkissou Njapndounké, Dangang Bossi Donald Sévérin, Kengne Notong Jules Léa, Z. François
This study aimed at producing functional soy bean yoghurt by optimizing the production conditions using response surface methodology. The quantity of ferment (LYOFAST Y439A) (50–100 g) and quantity of cinnamon (10-40 g) were optimized using central composite design. Responses (global acceptability and scavenging activity) obtained from experimental runs were fitted into second order polynomial regression model. Also, the multiple optimization technic was used to obtain the compromised optimum condition. The optimized yoghurt was evaluated for its pH and proximate composition using standard methods. The optimum conditions for the production of this yoghurt was as thus: 69.64 g for quantity of ferment and 10 g for quantity of cinnamon, 100 g soya beans, 100 g of sugar and 1 L of water soybeans. Soy bean yoghurt made from optimized conditions had a global acceptability of 6.8, scavenging activity of 34 %. Also, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium magnesium and energy value was respectively 17.1%, 2.91%, 17.93%, 144 mg/100 g, 159.91 mg/100g, 159.91 mg/100g, 63.18 mg/100g and 166.31 kcal/100g. Thus, acceptable yoghurt with functional properties can be obtained from soya beans and cinnamon.
{"title":"Optimized Conditions for the Production of Yogurt from Soya Bean (Glycine max) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)","authors":"Momo Kenfack Chancel Hector, Love Adjei Oraikwu, Bilkissou Njapndounké, Dangang Bossi Donald Sévérin, Kengne Notong Jules Léa, Z. François","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i31400","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at producing functional soy bean yoghurt by optimizing the production conditions using response surface methodology. The quantity of ferment (LYOFAST Y439A) (50–100 g) and quantity of cinnamon (10-40 g) were optimized using central composite design. Responses (global acceptability and scavenging activity) obtained from experimental runs were fitted into second order polynomial regression model. Also, the multiple optimization technic was used to obtain the compromised optimum condition. The optimized yoghurt was evaluated for its pH and proximate composition using standard methods. The optimum conditions for the production of this yoghurt was as thus: 69.64 g for quantity of ferment and 10 g for quantity of cinnamon, 100 g soya beans, 100 g of sugar and 1 L of water soybeans. Soy bean yoghurt made from optimized conditions had a global acceptability of 6.8, scavenging activity of 34 %. Also, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium magnesium and energy value was respectively 17.1%, 2.91%, 17.93%, 144 mg/100 g, 159.91 mg/100g, 159.91 mg/100g, 63.18 mg/100g and 166.31 kcal/100g. Thus, acceptable yoghurt with functional properties can be obtained from soya beans and cinnamon.","PeriodicalId":508884,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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