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Who Rewards Farmers Better for Commercialisation? Public versus Private Contracting Firms in North India 谁能在商业化过程中更好地回报农民?印度北部的公共承包公司与私营承包公司
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/00194662241227597
Saroj Verma, P. Jena
This article explores the socioeconomic factors of wheat growers’ participation intensity in contract farming (CF) under both public and private firms in Haryana. Using the primary survey data of 754 wheat growers collected from two districts of Haryana, the study finds that CF participation intensity is higher under government corporations than in private firms. The Tobit regression results show that similar variables determine the participation intensity under both types of firms. But the perception of agricultural profitability has different significant signs for public and private firms. This difference in profitability perception spawns from the different contracting nature of both types of firms. The government firms directly contact farmers, while private firms hire agents to communicate with farmers. In addition, government firms encourage marginal and small farmers to adopt CF, while private firms prefer medium to large farmers owning a minimum of five acres of cultivable land. Payment security is another reason for the intensity difference between types of firms. Therefore, the study calls for a policy framework to establish better institutional structure to strengthen CF inclusiveness, where both types of firms provide the scope for more extensive participation across the groups of farmers. JEL Codes: Q12, Q13, C01
本文探讨了哈里亚纳邦小麦种植者在公营和私营企业下参与订单农业(CF)的社会经济因素。利用从哈里亚纳邦两个地区收集的 754 名小麦种植者的原始调查数据,研究发现政府公司的合同种植参与强度高于私营公司。Tobit 回归结果表明,决定两类公司参与强度的变量相似。但是,对农业盈利能力的认知在公营企业和私营企业中却有不同的显著标志。这种盈利能力认知上的差异源于两类企业不同的承包性质。政府企业直接与农民接触,而私营企业则雇用代理人与农民沟通。此外,政府企业鼓励边缘化的小农户采用 CF,而私营企业则倾向于拥有至少 5 英亩耕地的大中型农户。付款保障是各类公司之间强度差异的另一个原因。因此,本研究呼吁制定政策框架,建立更好的制度结构,以加强 CF 的包容性,使两类公司都能为各农民群体提供更广泛的参与空间。JEL Codes:Q12, Q13, C01
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引用次数: 0
Who Rewards Farmers Better for Commercialisation? Public versus Private Contracting Firms in North India 谁能在商业化过程中更好地回报农民?印度北部的公共承包公司与私营承包公司
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/00194662241227597
Saroj Verma, P. Jena
This article explores the socioeconomic factors of wheat growers’ participation intensity in contract farming (CF) under both public and private firms in Haryana. Using the primary survey data of 754 wheat growers collected from two districts of Haryana, the study finds that CF participation intensity is higher under government corporations than in private firms. The Tobit regression results show that similar variables determine the participation intensity under both types of firms. But the perception of agricultural profitability has different significant signs for public and private firms. This difference in profitability perception spawns from the different contracting nature of both types of firms. The government firms directly contact farmers, while private firms hire agents to communicate with farmers. In addition, government firms encourage marginal and small farmers to adopt CF, while private firms prefer medium to large farmers owning a minimum of five acres of cultivable land. Payment security is another reason for the intensity difference between types of firms. Therefore, the study calls for a policy framework to establish better institutional structure to strengthen CF inclusiveness, where both types of firms provide the scope for more extensive participation across the groups of farmers. JEL Codes: Q12, Q13, C01
本文探讨了哈里亚纳邦小麦种植者在公营和私营企业下参与订单农业(CF)的社会经济因素。利用从哈里亚纳邦两个地区收集的 754 名小麦种植者的原始调查数据,研究发现政府公司的合同种植参与强度高于私营公司。Tobit 回归结果表明,决定两类公司参与强度的变量相似。但是,对农业盈利能力的认知在公营企业和私营企业中却有不同的显著标志。这种盈利能力认知上的差异源于两类企业不同的承包性质。政府企业直接与农民接触,而私营企业则雇用代理人与农民沟通。此外,政府企业鼓励边缘化的小农户采用 CF,而私营企业则倾向于拥有至少 5 英亩耕地的大中型农户。付款保障是各类公司之间强度差异的另一个原因。因此,本研究呼吁制定政策框架,建立更好的制度结构,以加强 CF 的包容性,使两类公司都能为各农民群体提供更广泛的参与空间。JEL Codes:Q12, Q13, C01
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19, Economic Package and Indian Stock Market: An
Event Analysis COVID-19、经济一揽子计划与印度股市:事件分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231218596
Mahesh Dahal, Joy Das, Amit Sangma
The present study is an attempt to analyse the behaviour of securities around the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the declaration of an economic package by the government of India. In this study, daily prices of securities constituting the BSE 100 index are considered as these securities are highly traded and their trading impact would immediately reflect on the index. To present a sector-specific analysis, the securities are further classified based on sectors and are analysed using the event study methodology. Average abnormal returns (AARs) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) for overall market and for each sector have been calculated and their significance have been tested using parametric T-statistics, standardised cross-sectional test and non-parametric sign test. Based on the analysis, the study concluded that it was not the pandemic but the actions towards controlling the pandemic that caused a negative impact on the Indian stock market. The economic package declared by the government of India to boost the economy also turned out to be futile and failed in achieving its objectives. Among the sectors, only the technology sector has been positively impacted by the pandemic. The outcome of the study would be beneficial to the trading community in identifying the sectors/securities that would act as hedging in the pandemic situations. JEL Codes: E44, G1, G14, G18
本研究试图分析 COVID-19 大流行病爆发和印度政府宣布经济一揽子计划前后的证券行为。在本研究中,考虑了构成 BSE 100 指数的证券的每日价格,因为这些证券的交易量很大,其交易影响会立即反映在指数上。为了进行特定行业分析,证券根据行业进一步分类,并使用事件研究方法进行分析。计算了整体市场和各板块的平均异常回报率(AARs)和累计平均异常回报率(CAARs),并使用参数 T 统计量、标准化横截面检验和非参数符号检验对其显著性进行了检验。根据分析结果,研究得出结论,对印度股市造成负面影响的不是大流行病,而是控制大流行病的行动。印度政府为提振经济而宣布的一揽子经济计划也被证明是徒劳的,未能实现其目标。在各行业中,只有科技行业受到了大流行病的积极影响。研究结果将有助于交易界确定在大流行病情况下可作为对冲工具的行业/证券。JEL Codes:E44, G1, G14, G18
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural Crisis, Farms Laws, and Farmers’ Protest: Reflection on its Rollback and Implication 农业危机、农场法和农民抗议:对其倒退和影响的反思
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231223702
Minaketan Behera
Agriculture has been brought to the forefront of policymaking, parliamentary debate, and political discussions in recent history. India’s Parliament recently voted to scrap agricultural reform laws which came up as a huge victory for the farmers’ movement, who have been protesting for over a year for the rollback of the laws. This farmers’ movement created history at the national and international levels in the present times. The government had passed three farm laws to transform agriculture and increase farmer income without detailed consultations with all stakeholders. This led to protests by the farmer community by blocking roads and highways, calling an All-India Bandh, which attracted public attention and brought weight to the farmer issues, leading to achievement for the ‘Annadatas’ of the country. The article discusses the predicaments of the agriculture sector, the problems of the farmers, critical analysis of the three Farm laws, their implementation, implications and finally, its rollback. The reasons for this move have been examined from the political and economic angle with a reflection on its rollback for the future. JEL Codes: Q18, Q10, Q13, Q15
在最近的历史中,农业已成为政策制定、议会辩论和政治讨论的焦点。印度议会最近投票废除了农业改革法,这是农民运动取得的巨大胜利。这场农民运动在当今时代创造了国家和国际层面的历史。政府在未与所有利益相关者进行详细磋商的情况下,通过了三项农业法,以改革农业和增加农民收入。这引起了农民社区的抗议,他们封锁道路和高速公路,号召全印度大罢工,这引起了公众的关注,使农民问题受到重视,并为该国的 "Annadatas "带来了成就。文章讨论了农业部门的困境、农民的问题、对三农法的批判性分析、三农法的实施、影响以及三农法的废除。文章从政治和经济角度分析了此举的原因,并对未来的回退进行了反思。JEL Codes:Q18, Q10, Q13, Q15
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19, Economic Package and Indian Stock Market: An
Event Analysis COVID-19、经济一揽子计划与印度股市:事件分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231218596
Mahesh Dahal, Joy Das, Amit Sangma
The present study is an attempt to analyse the behaviour of securities around the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the declaration of an economic package by the government of India. In this study, daily prices of securities constituting the BSE 100 index are considered as these securities are highly traded and their trading impact would immediately reflect on the index. To present a sector-specific analysis, the securities are further classified based on sectors and are analysed using the event study methodology. Average abnormal returns (AARs) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) for overall market and for each sector have been calculated and their significance have been tested using parametric T-statistics, standardised cross-sectional test and non-parametric sign test. Based on the analysis, the study concluded that it was not the pandemic but the actions towards controlling the pandemic that caused a negative impact on the Indian stock market. The economic package declared by the government of India to boost the economy also turned out to be futile and failed in achieving its objectives. Among the sectors, only the technology sector has been positively impacted by the pandemic. The outcome of the study would be beneficial to the trading community in identifying the sectors/securities that would act as hedging in the pandemic situations. JEL Codes: E44, G1, G14, G18
本研究试图分析 COVID-19 大流行病爆发和印度政府宣布经济一揽子计划前后的证券行为。在本研究中,考虑了构成 BSE 100 指数的证券的每日价格,因为这些证券的交易量很大,其交易影响会立即反映在指数上。为了进行特定行业分析,证券根据行业进一步分类,并使用事件研究方法进行分析。计算了整体市场和各板块的平均异常回报率(AARs)和累计平均异常回报率(CAARs),并使用参数 T 统计量、标准化横截面检验和非参数符号检验对其显著性进行了检验。根据分析结果,研究得出结论,对印度股市造成负面影响的不是大流行病,而是控制大流行病的行动。印度政府为提振经济而宣布的一揽子经济计划也被证明是徒劳的,未能实现其目标。在各行业中,只有科技行业受到了大流行病的积极影响。研究结果将有助于交易界确定在大流行病情况下可作为对冲工具的行业/证券。JEL Codes:E44, G1, G14, G18
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural Crisis, Farms Laws, and Farmers’ Protest: Reflection on its Rollback and Implication 农业危机、农场法和农民抗议:对其倒退和影响的反思
Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231223702
Minaketan Behera
Agriculture has been brought to the forefront of policymaking, parliamentary debate, and political discussions in recent history. India’s Parliament recently voted to scrap agricultural reform laws which came up as a huge victory for the farmers’ movement, who have been protesting for over a year for the rollback of the laws. This farmers’ movement created history at the national and international levels in the present times. The government had passed three farm laws to transform agriculture and increase farmer income without detailed consultations with all stakeholders. This led to protests by the farmer community by blocking roads and highways, calling an All-India Bandh, which attracted public attention and brought weight to the farmer issues, leading to achievement for the ‘Annadatas’ of the country. The article discusses the predicaments of the agriculture sector, the problems of the farmers, critical analysis of the three Farm laws, their implementation, implications and finally, its rollback. The reasons for this move have been examined from the political and economic angle with a reflection on its rollback for the future. JEL Codes: Q18, Q10, Q13, Q15
在最近的历史中,农业已成为政策制定、议会辩论和政治讨论的焦点。印度议会最近投票废除了农业改革法,这是农民运动取得的巨大胜利。这场农民运动在当今时代创造了国家和国际层面的历史。政府在未与所有利益相关者进行详细磋商的情况下,通过了三项农业法,以改革农业和增加农民收入。这引起了农民社区的抗议,他们封锁道路和高速公路,号召全印度大罢工,这引起了公众的关注,使农民问题受到重视,并为该国的 "Annadatas "带来了成就。文章讨论了农业部门的困境、农民的问题、对三农法的批判性分析、三农法的实施、影响以及三农法的废除。文章从政治和经济角度分析了此举的原因,并对未来的回退进行了反思。JEL Codes:Q18, Q10, Q13, Q15
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth of Ethiopia 外国援助对埃塞俄比亚经济增长的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231213583
Girum Dagne
This study examines the impact of foreign aid on growth in Ethiopia based on time series data from 1980 to 2019. This study uses Autoregressive distributed Lag and an Error Correction to determine the long- and short-run impacts of foreign aid on growth. The empirical results show that, in the long run, foreign aid has a negative and insignificant effect on real GDP growth. However, gross domestic savings, exports, and inflation exert positive and insignificant impacts on GDP growth. Furthermore, Human capital and gross consumption expenditure exert a positive and significant impact on GDP growth, and gross capital information has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth. Thus, Ethiopia’s national development policy should focus on the productive utilisation of domestic savings to increase GDP growth rather than depend on external capital inflow, which is uncertain even when donor countries face long recessions. JEL Codes: E1, E2, E3
本研究基于 1980 年至 2019 年的时间序列数据,探讨了外国援助对埃塞俄比亚经济增长的影响。本研究使用自回归分布滞后和误差修正来确定外国援助对经济增长的长期和短期影响。实证结果表明,从长期来看,外援对实际 GDP 增长的影响为负且不显著。然而,国内储蓄总额、出口和通货膨胀对国内生产总值的增长产生了积极而不显著的影响。此外,人力资本和消费总支出对国内生产总值的增长有积极而显著的影响,而资本信息总额对国内生产总值的增长有消极而显著的影响。因此,埃塞俄比亚的国家发展政策应侧重于国内储蓄的生产性利用,以提高国内生产总值的增长,而不是依赖外部资本流入,因为外部资本流入即使在捐助国面临长期衰退的情况下也是不确定的。JEL Codes:E1, E2, E3
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth of Ethiopia 外国援助对埃塞俄比亚经济增长的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231213583
Girum Dagne
This study examines the impact of foreign aid on growth in Ethiopia based on time series data from 1980 to 2019. This study uses Autoregressive distributed Lag and an Error Correction to determine the long- and short-run impacts of foreign aid on growth. The empirical results show that, in the long run, foreign aid has a negative and insignificant effect on real GDP growth. However, gross domestic savings, exports, and inflation exert positive and insignificant impacts on GDP growth. Furthermore, Human capital and gross consumption expenditure exert a positive and significant impact on GDP growth, and gross capital information has a negative and significant impact on GDP growth. Thus, Ethiopia’s national development policy should focus on the productive utilisation of domestic savings to increase GDP growth rather than depend on external capital inflow, which is uncertain even when donor countries face long recessions. JEL Codes: E1, E2, E3
本研究基于 1980 年至 2019 年的时间序列数据,探讨了外国援助对埃塞俄比亚经济增长的影响。本研究使用自回归分布滞后和误差修正来确定外国援助对经济增长的长期和短期影响。实证结果表明,从长期来看,外援对实际 GDP 增长的影响为负且不显著。然而,国内储蓄总额、出口和通货膨胀对国内生产总值的增长产生了积极而不显著的影响。此外,人力资本和消费总支出对国内生产总值的增长有积极而显著的影响,而资本信息总额对国内生产总值的增长有消极而显著的影响。因此,埃塞俄比亚的国家发展政策应侧重于国内储蓄的生产性利用,以提高国内生产总值的增长,而不是依赖外部资本流入,因为外部资本流入即使在捐助国面临长期衰退的情况下也是不确定的。JEL Codes:E1, E2, E3
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引用次数: 0
History of Economics in the Light of Meghnad Desai’s Poverty of Political Economy 从 Meghnad Desai 的《政治经济学的贫困》看经济学史
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231223688
Ajit Sinha
The article discusses some of the major theoretical and practical matters that the discipline of Economics has been grappling with from the times of Adam Smith down to Keynes. The publication of Meghnad Desai’s Poverty of Political Economy turns out to be an occasion or inspiration to revisit these ideas—the article is organised as a review article of the book. JEL Codes: B0, B1, B2, B3
文章讨论了从亚当-斯密到凯恩斯时代经济学学科一直在努力解决的一些重大理论和实践问题。梅格纳德-德赛(Meghnad Desai)的《政治经济学的贫困》(Poverty of Political Economy)一书的出版为我们重新审视这些观点提供了契机或灵感--文章被编排为该书的评论文章。JEL Codes:B0, B1, B2, B3
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引用次数: 0
History of Economics in the Light of Meghnad Desai’s Poverty of Political Economy 从 Meghnad Desai 的《政治经济学的贫困》看经济学史
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/00194662231223688
Ajit Sinha
The article discusses some of the major theoretical and practical matters that the discipline of Economics has been grappling with from the times of Adam Smith down to Keynes. The publication of Meghnad Desai’s Poverty of Political Economy turns out to be an occasion or inspiration to revisit these ideas—the article is organised as a review article of the book. JEL Codes: B0, B1, B2, B3
文章讨论了从亚当-斯密到凯恩斯时代经济学学科一直在努力解决的一些重大理论和实践问题。梅格纳德-德赛(Meghnad Desai)的《政治经济学的贫困》(Poverty of Political Economy)一书的出版为我们重新审视这些观点提供了契机或灵感--文章被编排为该书的评论文章。JEL Codes:B0, B1, B2, B3
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Indian Economic Journal
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