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Home is where the heart is? A comparative analysis of Flemish and Danish parties' organizational linkages with the EU 心在哪里,家就在哪里?佛兰德和丹麦政党与欧盟组织联系的比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12278
Gilles Pittoors
In the light of the crucial role political parties play in connecting citizens with political decisions, this article assesses national parties' organizational linkages with the European level. It focuses on explaining variation between parties and the motivations they have to organize the way they do. Building on qualitative comparative case studies of Danish and Flemish parties, this study finds that country‐level factors override party‐level factors. Particularly the domestic political relevance of European affairs, combined with historical ties with European integration and distance from Brussels, determine the nature of parties' multilevel linkages. Contributing to the literature on parties as multilevel organization in the EU, these findings call attention to the great difficulty parties face in reaching beyond the confines of the nation‐state, despite the important role they play in providing the EU with the necessary democratic legitimacy.
鉴于政党在将公民与政治决策联系起来方面发挥着至关重要的作用,本文对各国政党与欧洲层面的组织联系进行了评估。文章的重点是解释政党之间的差异以及它们以何种方式组织的动机。在对丹麦和佛兰德政党进行定性比较案例研究的基础上,本研究发现,国家层面的因素高于政党层面的因素。尤其是欧洲事务与国内政治的相关性,加上与欧洲一体化的历史联系以及与布鲁塞尔的距离,决定了政党多层次联系的性质。这些发现为有关政党作为欧盟多层次组织的文献做出了贡献,使人们注意到尽管政党在为欧盟提供必要的民主合法性方面发挥着重要作用,但在超越民族国家的限制方面却面临着巨大困难。
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引用次数: 0
What is at stake and what does it take? Collaborative governance and policy (in)action in the adoption of a National Forest Programme 利害攸关的是什么?通过国家森林计划过程中的合作治理和政策(不)行动
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12284
Johanna Johansson
Inspired by collaborative governance theory, this study analyzes the process dynamics, outputs, and perceived impacts of a collaborative initiative launched by the Swedish government in 2014. It draws on extensive empirical sources related to the Swedish government's efforts to develop and implement a National Forest Programme (NFP) from 2014 to 2021. These sources include semistructured interviews, observations, public consultation comments, records of meetings and public hearings, reports from dialogues, and enacted policy documents. The results show that the collaboration initially provided a space for joint deliberation and capacity building on complex and contentious issues related to current land use. However, the final programme endorsed by the government in 2018 failed to initiate ambitious proposals on several key issues raised by participating actors, offering little indication of priorities and policy instruments to address fundamental gaps in current policy goals and their implementation. Consequently, the case reveals that it was not sufficient, and perhaps not even desirable, to address existing conflicts and policy problems in a comprehensive collaborative setting run by the Government Offices. The paper concludes with key insights for research on collaboration and suggests ways to move forward with policy designs that integrate multiple and competing policy goals in contested areas.
受合作治理理论的启发,本研究分析了瑞典政府于 2014 年发起的一项合作倡议的过程动态、产出和预期影响。本研究利用了与瑞典政府在 2014 年至 2021 年期间制定和实施国家森林计划 (NFP) 有关的大量实证资料。这些资料来源包括半结构式访谈、观察、公众咨询意见、会议和听证会记录、对话报告以及颁布的政策文件。结果表明,合作最初为共同讨论与当前土地利用相关的复杂和有争议的问题并进行能力建设提供了空间。然而,政府于 2018 年批准的最终方案未能就参与行动者提出的几个关键问题提出雄心勃勃的建议,几乎没有指明优先事项和政策工具,以解决当前政策目标及其实施方面的根本差距。因此,该案例揭示了在政府办公室管理的全面合作环境中解决现有冲突和政策问题是不够的,甚至可能是不可取的。本文最后提出了对合作研究的重要启示,并建议如何推进政策设计,在有争议的领域整合多种相互竞争的政策目标。
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引用次数: 0
Party competition on social media: Evidence from politicians' tweets 社交媒体上的政党竞争:来自政治家推文的证据
Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12276
Daniel Møller Eriksen
A blooming research agenda has begun examining the influence of party competition dynamics on politician social media behaviour. Most studies focus on the US context, generally finding little evidence that party competition dynamics influence which policy issues politicians attend to on these platforms. Instead, I turn to the Danish context and show how party competition dynamics exert a substantial influence on politicians' attention to issues in their tweets. First, I map the level of politician issue attention on Twitter across several years outside election campaigns. Second, I show that party issue ownership and the status of a party as a government or opposition party strongly influence politicians' attention to issues on the platform. Third, I provide novel insights into how the interplay between party issue ownership and internal party organisation influences politician issue attention on Twitter. The findings indicate that the tweets posted by politicians are an integral aspect of contemporary party competition.
一项蓬勃发展的研究议程已开始探讨政党竞争态势对政治家社交媒体行为的影响。大多数研究都以美国为背景,通常很少发现政党竞争态势影响政治家在这些平台上关注哪些政策问题的证据。相反,我转而研究了丹麦的情况,并展示了政党竞争动态是如何对政治家在其推文中关注的问题产生实质性影响的。首先,我绘制了在竞选活动之外的几年中政客在 Twitter 上的议题关注度。其次,我表明政党的议题所有权以及政党作为执政党或反对党的地位会强烈影响政治家在平台上对议题的关注。第三,我提供了关于政党议题所有权和党内组织之间的相互作用如何影响推特上政治家议题关注的新见解。研究结果表明,政治家发布的推文是当代政党竞争的一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The view of freedom that shaped the Swedish welfare state 塑造瑞典福利国家的自由观
Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12277
Jouni Reinikainen
The paper contributes to the debate of the Swedish welfare state by re‐examining the view of freedom underlying the design of this welfare model. The point of departure is two interpretations by Bo Rothstein and Henrik Berggren and Lars Trägårdh, which both describe advancement of individual autonomy as the ultimate point of the model. The paper argues that these readings are overly liberal in the sense that they exaggerate the importance of individualism and autonomy. The view of freedom that shaped the Swedish welfare state was not liberal, and individual autonomy was not the overriding goal for the founders of the model. Instead, the view is best described as quasi‐republican and nondomination based. It was mostly a result of semi‐Marxist ideas about capitalist power and exploitation that lingered on in the ideology of the Swedish social democratic party, the SAP, in the 1930s and 1940s. During the first decades of the 1900s, the SAP gradually revised these ideas in a domination‐based direction. It was the outcome of this process that more than anything else gave the impetus to the design of the Swedish welfare state.
本文通过重新审视这一福利模式设计背后的自由观,为有关瑞典福利国家的讨论做出了贡献。本文的出发点是 Bo Rothstein 和 Henrik Berggren 以及 Lars Trägårdh 的两种解释,这两种解释都将促进个人自主作为该模式的终极目标。本文认为,这些解读过于自由,夸大了个人主义和自治的重要性。塑造瑞典福利国家的自由观并非自由主义,个人自主也不是该模式创始人的首要目标。相反,这种观点最好被描述为准共和主义和非宗派主义。这主要是 20 世纪 30 年代和 40 年代瑞典社会民主党(SAP)意识形态中关于资本主义权力和剥削的半马克思主义思想的结果。在 20 世纪头几十年里,瑞典社会民主党逐渐将这些思想修正为以统治为基础的方向。正是这一过程的结果推动了瑞典福利国家的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Interest group resources, access, and influence: An empirical review 利益集团的资源、准入和影响力:经验回顾
Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12274
Jonas A. H. Whittlestone, M. Klitgaard
Do informational and financial resources systematically secure interest group access and influence on public policy, and is one of these two resources politically more valuable than the other? Answering these questions is vital to understanding some of the drivers of political inequality and skewed influence associated with contemporary democratic politics. Focusing on two of the most commonly mobilized types of resources—money and information—this article reviews 60 studies on the topic. First, a qualitative synthesis shows that informational resources tend to be at least partially positively related to access and influence, while financial resources are more ambiguously associated with both outcomes. Second, a series of meta‐regressions support this conclusion since they tend toward showing that informational resources are significantly stronger associated with these outcomes than financial resources. Thus, these results paint a more nuanced picture than the literature suggesting that moneyed interests subvert democratic politics.
信息资源和财政资源是否能系统地确保利益集团获得公共政策并对其施加影响,这两种资源中是否有一种在政治上比另一种更有价值?回答这些问题对于理解与当代民主政治相关的政治不平等和影响力倾斜的一些驱动因素至关重要。本文以两种最常被调动的资源--金钱和信息--为重点,回顾了有关这一主题的 60 项研究。首先,一项定性综述显示,信息资源往往至少部分地与参与权和影响力正相关,而资金资源与这两种结果的关系则较为模糊。其次,一系列元回归支持了这一结论,因为它们倾向于显示信息资源与这些结果的相关性明显强于财务资源。因此,与认为金钱利益颠覆民主政治的文献相比,这些结果描绘了一幅更加细致入微的图景。
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引用次数: 0
From exclusion to establishment: Organizational birthmarks and imprinting within populist parties 从排斥到建立:民粹主义政党内部的组织胎记和印记
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12272
Johan Erik Andersen, Jarle Trondal
This paper bridges literature on political parties and organizational studies by providing a new theoretical lens on political party developments. There has been growing scholarly interest in populist parties and the issues that serve as the raison d'être for their political platform. While the literature has been preoccupied with the journey of the anti‐hero rising to power, less has been written about the organization of the party once it has transcended to political influence. Likewise, whereas organizational birthmarks and imprinting have been integral concepts in the study of organizations, there has been little permeation of the concepts into the study of political parties. The Danish People's Party and Norwegian Progress Party provide two illustrative cases, showing that their original formation and later transformation into the current parties brought with it challenges to their structure and ideology. Our findings show that while an increase in external support to the political party, that is, votes, imprints organizational birthmarks, it is during a decrease in the very same external support that organizational birthmarks are uncovered and challenged. Through process‐tracing and our theoretical model, we identify organizational birthmarks and causal mechanisms in which competing organizational birthmarks create an internal division within the political party.
本文为政党发展提供了一个新的理论视角,在政党和组织研究文献之间架起了一座桥梁。学术界对民粹主义政党及其政治纲领存在理由的关注与日俱增。虽然相关文献一直专注于反英雄人物崛起的历程,但对于政党一旦超越政治影响力后的组织情况却鲜有论述。同样,组织胎记和印记一直是组织研究中不可或缺的概念,但这些概念却很少渗透到政党研究中。丹麦人民党和挪威进步党提供了两个说明性案例,表明它们最初的成立以及后来转变为当前政党的过程中,其结构和意识形态都面临着挑战。我们的研究结果表明,虽然政党获得的外部支持(即选票)的增加会打上组织的烙印,但正是在外部支持减少的过程中,组织的烙印才会被发现并受到挑战。通过过程追踪和我们的理论模型,我们确定了组织胎记以及相互竞争的组织胎记造成政党内部分裂的因果机制。
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引用次数: 0
Online polarization and identity politics: An analysis of Facebook discourse on Muslim and LGBTQ+ communities in Finland 网络两极分化与身份政治:对 Facebook 上有关芬兰穆斯林和 LGBTQ+ 社区言论的分析
Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12270
Ali Unlu, Tommi Kotonen
This study employs a mixed‐methods approach to investigate the nature of Facebook posts related to Muslims and LGBTQ+ individuals in Finland, spanning a period of 4 years. Through the use of the CrowdTangle platform, the researchers extracted and analyzed Facebook posts that encompassed predetermined keywords indicative of potential hate speech. The findings underscored divergent patterns of engagement and sentiment toward these two groups, with implications for the different levels of societal acceptance and tolerance exhibited. Posts related to Muslims typically elicited controversy and were often depicted as threats, whereas posts about the LGBTQ+ community generally advocated for inclusivity. However, persistent negative stereotypes about the LGBTQ+ community were also evident. The analysis also brought to light how political parties strategically used these discourses to steer conversations, consolidate their ideological positions, and mobilize their respective supporters. Grounded in the social identity theory, this study sheds light on the complex dynamics of online political discourse, revealing its far‐reaching impacts on societal attitudes, intergroup relations, and formation of group identities. The nuanced understanding derived from these observations suggests that interventions fostering healthier public discussions on social media platforms could contribute significantly to combating societal division, prejudice, and bias. This research underscores the importance of scrutinizing online discourses to address issues of societal cohesion and social acceptance.
本研究采用混合方法调查了 4 年间芬兰 Facebook 上与穆斯林和 LGBTQ+ 相关帖子的性质。通过使用 CrowdTangle 平台,研究人员提取并分析了包含表明潜在仇恨言论的预定关键词的 Facebook 帖子。研究结果表明,人们对这两个群体的参与和情感模式各不相同,这对社会表现出的不同程度的接受和宽容产生了影响。与穆斯林有关的帖子通常会引起争议,并经常被描述为威胁,而与 LGBTQ+ 群体有关的帖子则通常倡导包容。然而,对 LGBTQ+ 群体持续存在的负面成见也是显而易见的。分析还揭示了政党如何战略性地利用这些言论来引导对话、巩固其意识形态立场并动员各自的支持者。本研究以社会认同理论为基础,揭示了网络政治话语的复杂动态,揭示了其对社会态度、群体间关系和群体认同形成的深远影响。从这些观察中得出的细致入微的理解表明,在社交媒体平台上促进更健康的公共讨论的干预措施,可以极大地促进消除社会分裂、偏见和成见。这项研究强调了仔细研究网络言论以解决社会凝聚力和社会接受度问题的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sweden's quest for shelter: ‘Nonalignment' and NATO membership 瑞典寻求庇护:"不结盟 "与加入北约
Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12271
Baldur Thorhallsson, Thomas Stude Vidal
This paper posits that, contrary to conventional wisdom, Sweden's decision to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and end its official policy of ‘nonalignment’ is neither very surprising nor radical in nature. Utilising the shelter theory framework, we examine the Swedish case to shed a new light on the economic, societal and political shelter‐seeking policy choices that led to Stockholm's NATO application in May of 2022. The analysis finds that Sweden's established strategy of seeking shelter from Western powers eventually induced and facilitated close military cooperation with NATO—ultimately leading to accession on 7 March 2024. The decision to join the Alliance should, therefore, be understood as a culmination, building on a historically flexible approach to neutrality and previously established shelter arrangements that were deemed in 2022, after Russia's full‐scale invasion of Ukraine and subsequent developments in Finland, to be no longer sufficient in deterring or responding to new threat dynamics. The case indicates that shelter theory accurately captures the foreign policy strategy of a small neutral and later nonaligned state. However, analysing Sweden's move towards NATO within the given framework also presents an opportunity for theory development; specifically, the theory ought to more meticulously examine three small‐state shelter‐seeking features, namely, how societal and economic shelter relations may precede and, therefore, affect political shelter strategies (or vice versa), the role of ‘critical junctures’ in the theory; and finally, how small states may be affected by each other's shelter‐seeking strategies.
本文认为,与传统观点相反,瑞典决定加入北大西洋公约组织(北约)并结束其官方的 "不结盟 "政策既不令人惊讶,也不激进。利用避难所理论框架,我们对瑞典的案例进行了研究,从而对导致斯德哥尔摩于 2022 年 5 月申请加入北约的经济、社会和政治避难所政策选择有了新的认识。分析发现,瑞典寻求西方大国庇护的既定战略最终诱发并促进了与北约的密切军事合作--最终导致瑞典于 2024 年 3 月 7 日加入北约。因此,加入北约的决定应被理解为一个高潮,它建立在历史上灵活的中立态度和先前建立的庇护安排的基础上,而在 2022 年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰以及芬兰随后的事态发展之后,这些庇护安排被认为已不足以遏制或应对新的威胁态势。该案例表明,庇护理论准确地捕捉到了一个中立小国和后来的不结盟国家的外交政策战略。具体而言,该理论应更细致地研究小国寻求庇护的三个特点,即社会和经济庇护关系如何先于政治庇护战略并因此影响政治庇护战略(或反之亦然),"关键时刻 "在该理论中的作用,以及最后,小国如何受到彼此寻求庇护战略的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding institutional layers and modes of change for energy transitions: Analysis of Norway's electricity sector reforms 了解能源转型的制度层次和变革模式:挪威电力部门改革分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12267
Minika Ekanem, B. Noble, G. Poelzer, Hans‐Kristian Hernes
Institutions have significant implications for whether and how energy systems restructure, evolve, and successfully transition. Yet, literature analyzing energy sector reforms often approach transitions from economic or technical perspectives, with much less attention to the underlying roles and influences of institutions. This paper explores the roles and influence of institutions on the speed, direction, timing, and sequence of energy transitions. A conceptual framework integrating the hierarchy of institutions with an historical institutionalist approach is developed and applied to explore transitions in Norway's electricity sector as a case study. Results show that conversion followed by layering emerge as the dominant modes of institutional change in Norway's electricity sector reform, illustrating the importance of alignment between institutions in creating the conditions for large‐scale energy transitions and the importance of boundaries to maintain alignment between levels of institutions. Governments can minimize potential gaps between transition intentions and outcomes through effective conversion and layering of institutional arrangements, but layering challenges emerge when institutional change introduces new actors or energy arenas to existing policy paradigms.
制度对能源系统是否以及如何重组、演变和成功转型具有重要影响。然而,分析能源行业改革的文献往往从经济或技术角度来探讨转型问题,而较少关注制度的潜在作用和影响。本文探讨了制度对能源转型的速度、方向、时机和顺序的作用和影响。本文建立了一个概念框架,将制度层次与历史制度主义方法相结合,并将其应用于挪威电力行业的转型案例研究。结果表明,在挪威电力部门改革中,先转换后分层是制度变革的主要模式,这说明了制度之间的一致性在为大规模能源转型创造条件方面的重要性,以及保持制度层次之间一致性的界限的重要性。政府可以通过有效的体制安排转换和分层,最大限度地缩小转型意图与成果之间的潜在差距,但当体制变革为现有政策范式引入新的参与者或能源领域时,分层挑战就会出现。
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引用次数: 0
Energy agendas: A longitudinal analysis of Finnish parliamentary debates 能源议程:对芬兰议会辩论的纵向分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12266
Juri Mykkänen, P. Repo, K. Matschoss
Energy agendas in national parliaments are crucial when countries seek to develop their energy futures while adhering to international obligations. This article examines how energy agendas emerge and evolve in parliamentary debates using data from Finland over a period of 12 years. By relying on topic modelling, we can show how the key energy agendas relate to an overall energy solution, promoting domestic energy production and seeking carbon‐neutral energy, and how they evolve successively alongside general concerns for the country's task ahead in the field. Examining more detailed agendas, in turn, validates the first analysis and exposes some differences in the agendas of political parties. These differences were few. This further specifies the nature of Finnish energy politics, which is often considered consensual except for nuclear power and peat as sources of energy. The article demonstrates that scholars who examine parliamentary politics may benefit from the use of language‐based computational methodologies to uncover insights that have previously been difficult to attain.
当各国在履行国际义务的同时寻求发展其能源未来时,国家议会中的能源议程至关重要。本文利用芬兰 12 年间的数据,研究了议会辩论中的能源议程是如何出现和演变的。通过话题建模,我们可以展示主要能源议程如何与整体能源解决方案、促进国内能源生产和寻求碳中和能源相关联,以及它们如何与对国家在该领域未来任务的普遍关注一起连续演变。对更详细议程的研究反过来验证了第一项分析,并揭示了各政党议程中的一些差异。这些差异并不多。这进一步明确了芬兰能源政治的性质,即除了核能和泥炭作为能源来源之外,芬兰能源政治通常被认为是协商一致的。这篇文章表明,研究议会政治的学者可能会从使用基于语言的计算方法中获益,从而发现以前难以获得的见解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scandinavian Political Studies
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