Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012010
Susan Maria Sipaun, Mohd Fakhrul Hidayat Bin Anuar, Hearie Bin Hassan
Gamma ray measurements were carried out on wood sections of agarwood and shade trees to obtain its mass attenuation coefficients. Diameter of the blocks of agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) is 17.0cm and shade tree (Khaya Senegalensis) sections are 24.0cm (branch) and 37.2cm (trunk). The radiation transmission measurement setup used a 0.5” x 0.5” thallium-activated sodium iodide detector, scaler ratemeter Ludlum model 2200 and collimated radioactive sources 3.5GBq Am-241 and 0.05GBq Ba-133 for the attenuation measurements. The dry density of agarwood trunk was 0.40±0.01 gcm−3. For the shade tree, the dry densities were 0.52±0.02 gcm−3 (branch) and 0.49±0.01 gcm−3 (trunk). At 59.6keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.114±0.007 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.136±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.120±0.004 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk). At 356keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.081±0.003 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.086±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.068±0.028 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk).
{"title":"Attenuation coefficient for Agarwood and shade tree sections at 59.6keV and 356keV","authors":"Susan Maria Sipaun, Mohd Fakhrul Hidayat Bin Anuar, Hearie Bin Hassan","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gamma ray measurements were carried out on wood sections of agarwood and shade trees to obtain its mass attenuation coefficients. Diameter of the blocks of agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) is 17.0cm and shade tree (Khaya Senegalensis) sections are 24.0cm (branch) and 37.2cm (trunk). The radiation transmission measurement setup used a 0.5” x 0.5” thallium-activated sodium iodide detector, scaler ratemeter Ludlum model 2200 and collimated radioactive sources 3.5GBq Am-241 and 0.05GBq Ba-133 for the attenuation measurements. The dry density of agarwood trunk was 0.40±0.01 gcm−3. For the shade tree, the dry densities were 0.52±0.02 gcm−3 (branch) and 0.49±0.01 gcm−3 (trunk). At 59.6keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.114±0.007 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.136±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.120±0.004 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk). At 356keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.081±0.003 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.086±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.068±0.028 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk).","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012021
Tengku Sarah Tengku Amran, Mohamad Ridzuan Ahmad, Amer Hazreq Haron, Noor Azreen Masenwat, Ismail Mustapha, Mohd Fajri Osman, Noryana Abd Razak, Mior Ahmad Khusaini Adnan, Akmal Haziq Rahman, Amir Afiq Adnan, Hasimah Ali
Underground utility refers to any below-ground line, installation, or structure used by a service or utility provider. Underground utility inspection is a process of examining the designated area that needs to be inspected in detail. The purpose of the inspection is to ensure that the underground utility is in good condition and to check for any faults. By using the ground penetrating radar (GPR), the technology can capture images below the surface of the ground using radio waves. The various data through previous references are used to discuss and analyse the capability of GPR for underground utility inspection to ensure its gives the best performance for the inspection. GPR technology has become an essential tool for locating buried utilities and preventing damage and accidents during construction projects. This paper explores various advancements in GPR technology, including data processing methods and scanning techniques, to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of underground utility mapping. The research presented in this paper highlights the abilities of GPR to inspect underground utilities. The GPR data used in this project was collected from the evaluation and verification facility (EVF) in the Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The accuracy of these predicted positions was validated from GPR data and compared with as-built drawings from the contractor. The alternative analysis approaches that could be applied to improve the GPR accuracy when the optimum conditions are not met are also discussed.
{"title":"Underground utility inspection using ground penetrating radar","authors":"Tengku Sarah Tengku Amran, Mohamad Ridzuan Ahmad, Amer Hazreq Haron, Noor Azreen Masenwat, Ismail Mustapha, Mohd Fajri Osman, Noryana Abd Razak, Mior Ahmad Khusaini Adnan, Akmal Haziq Rahman, Amir Afiq Adnan, Hasimah Ali","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Underground utility refers to any below-ground line, installation, or structure used by a service or utility provider. Underground utility inspection is a process of examining the designated area that needs to be inspected in detail. The purpose of the inspection is to ensure that the underground utility is in good condition and to check for any faults. By using the ground penetrating radar (GPR), the technology can capture images below the surface of the ground using radio waves. The various data through previous references are used to discuss and analyse the capability of GPR for underground utility inspection to ensure its gives the best performance for the inspection. GPR technology has become an essential tool for locating buried utilities and preventing damage and accidents during construction projects. This paper explores various advancements in GPR technology, including data processing methods and scanning techniques, to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of underground utility mapping. The research presented in this paper highlights the abilities of GPR to inspect underground utilities. The GPR data used in this project was collected from the evaluation and verification facility (EVF) in the Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The accuracy of these predicted positions was validated from GPR data and compared with as-built drawings from the contractor. The alternative analysis approaches that could be applied to improve the GPR accuracy when the optimum conditions are not met are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012012
Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof, Muhammad Haiqal Ramli, Che Nazri Che Hussin, Ahmad Bazlie Abd Kadir, Norriza Mohd Isa
The study investigated the dose of several organs in the computed tomography (CT) scan by using Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The organs of right and left kidney, right pancreas, spleen and liver in an anthropomorphic human phantom were investigated for the dose received during the scan. The OSL dosimeters are embedded into custom-made wax and replace onto two selected slices of human body phantom where the selected organs are located. The phantom was scanned with by using adult abdomen protocol. The percentage differences of OSL doses reading compared to the previous study data and the international dose reference level (DRL). The doses obtained from OSL NanoDots® showed excellent agreement compared to XRQA film dosimeters with percentage differences within 5%. The doses measured by using OSL dosimeters in five organs were also within the range of the national DRL values by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia (MOH). These findings suggest that our results can be utilized to verify the doses received by internal organs during computed tomography abdomen protocols. The overall results indicated the suitability of OSL dosimeters for the indirect dose verification in the CT scan.
{"title":"Dose verifications in several organs in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan by using Al2O3 OSL dosimeters","authors":"Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof, Muhammad Haiqal Ramli, Che Nazri Che Hussin, Ahmad Bazlie Abd Kadir, Norriza Mohd Isa","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigated the dose of several organs in the computed tomography (CT) scan by using Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The organs of right and left kidney, right pancreas, spleen and liver in an anthropomorphic human phantom were investigated for the dose received during the scan. The OSL dosimeters are embedded into custom-made wax and replace onto two selected slices of human body phantom where the selected organs are located. The phantom was scanned with by using adult abdomen protocol. The percentage differences of OSL doses reading compared to the previous study data and the international dose reference level (DRL). The doses obtained from OSL NanoDots® showed excellent agreement compared to XRQA film dosimeters with percentage differences within 5%. The doses measured by using OSL dosimeters in five organs were also within the range of the national DRL values by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia (MOH). These findings suggest that our results can be utilized to verify the doses received by internal organs during computed tomography abdomen protocols. The overall results indicated the suitability of OSL dosimeters for the indirect dose verification in the CT scan.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012014
N. Yacob, M.R. Yusof, A.Z. Mohamed, K. Badri
Sago palm (Metroxylon sago spp.) is one of the major agricultural plants in Malaysia. Sago pith waste (SPW), which is left behind after sago starch extraction, is disposed of by washing off into the nearby river. Reuse of SPW provides a solution to the problem of discarding the waste. In this study, cellulose has been extracted from SPW. The fibers were pretreated with 2% of aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution before bleaching with an acidified sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and acetate buffer solution. The influence of NaOH and bleaching treatment on the cellulose crystallinity of SPW has been investigated using chemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From XRD analysis, the crystallinity index (CI) was calculated. The CI of SPW increased significantly by 110% after the chemical treatments. The FTIR analysis proved the dissolution of the non-cellulosic components by NaOH and NaClO2 treatments.
{"title":"Changes in crystallinity of sago palm (Metroxylon sago spp.) waste during cellulose extraction","authors":"N. Yacob, M.R. Yusof, A.Z. Mohamed, K. Badri","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sago palm (Metroxylon sago spp.) is one of the major agricultural plants in Malaysia. Sago pith waste (SPW), which is left behind after sago starch extraction, is disposed of by washing off into the nearby river. Reuse of SPW provides a solution to the problem of discarding the waste. In this study, cellulose has been extracted from SPW. The fibers were pretreated with 2% of aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution before bleaching with an acidified sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and acetate buffer solution. The influence of NaOH and bleaching treatment on the cellulose crystallinity of SPW has been investigated using chemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From XRD analysis, the crystallinity index (CI) was calculated. The CI of SPW increased significantly by 110% after the chemical treatments. The FTIR analysis proved the dissolution of the non-cellulosic components by NaOH and NaClO2 treatments.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012017
Md Suhaimi Elias, Muhammad Azfar Azman, Jeremy Andy Dominic Daung, A. Hashim, Siti Aminah, Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, S. Shukor, Z. Laili
Rapid development in industries will contribute to the pollution of the soil. Studies of elemental pollution in the soil in the Klang industrial area were conducted to determine the concentration level in that area. Analysis of the content of elemental pollution in soil samples has used neutron activation analysis (NAA) techniques. The average concentration of major elements (Fe, Mg, Ti), heavy metals (As, Sb, Cr, Zn), uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in the soil of the Klang industrial area exceeded the average concentration in granitic igneous rocks. In comparison, the average concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil samples in the study area is lower than the reference value of granitic igneous rocks. The elements of As, Zn and Cr showed a high concentration in the SL 11 area, where business activities, vehicle workshops and residential were located. The REEs show a high concentration in the SL 14 area compared to other sites. The geo-accumulation (Igeo) index was applied to identify the pollution status. The Igeo index for the elements of Mg and U can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately polluted. As and Sb can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately polluted, and as extremely polluted in the areas of SL 11 and SL 14. The element of Th can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately and strongly polluted. The Igeo index of REEs can be categorised as unpolluted in the soil of the Klang Industrial area.
{"title":"Evaluation of elemental pollution in soil samples from Klang industrial area","authors":"Md Suhaimi Elias, Muhammad Azfar Azman, Jeremy Andy Dominic Daung, A. Hashim, Siti Aminah, Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, S. Shukor, Z. Laili","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rapid development in industries will contribute to the pollution of the soil. Studies of elemental pollution in the soil in the Klang industrial area were conducted to determine the concentration level in that area. Analysis of the content of elemental pollution in soil samples has used neutron activation analysis (NAA) techniques. The average concentration of major elements (Fe, Mg, Ti), heavy metals (As, Sb, Cr, Zn), uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in the soil of the Klang industrial area exceeded the average concentration in granitic igneous rocks. In comparison, the average concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil samples in the study area is lower than the reference value of granitic igneous rocks. The elements of As, Zn and Cr showed a high concentration in the SL 11 area, where business activities, vehicle workshops and residential were located. The REEs show a high concentration in the SL 14 area compared to other sites. The geo-accumulation (Igeo) index was applied to identify the pollution status. The Igeo index for the elements of Mg and U can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately polluted. As and Sb can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately polluted, and as extremely polluted in the areas of SL 11 and SL 14. The element of Th can be categorised as unpolluted to moderately and strongly polluted. The Igeo index of REEs can be categorised as unpolluted in the soil of the Klang Industrial area.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012013
Amer Hazreq bin Haron, Tengku Sarah binti Tengku Amran, Mohamad Ridzuan Bin Ahmad, Noor Azreen Masenwat, S. Sani, Ismail Mustapha, S. Sayuti, Noryana Binti Abdul Razak, Mior Ahmad Khusaini Bin Adnan, Muhamad Ali bin Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Aliff Daniel bin Mohsin
The process of finding and mapping underground utilities is crucial for managing underground infrastructure effectively, especially to avoid damaging them during construction and digging. This research studies two main methods used for this purpose: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Locator (EML). GPR works by using electromagnetic waves to detect and assess things underground, giving an idea of how deep they are. On the other hand, EM L help to find metal utilities by using electromagnetic fields. This shows how important it is to have accurate maps of these utilities. Having precise maps is like having a solid foundation for planning and maintaining infrastructure. It also points out that when combine information from GPR and EML and analyse the results together, it can make the findings even more accurate. In a nutshell, these methods are crucial for keeping us safe, preventing delays in projects, and making sure to use resources wisely across different industries. In this research, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to determine the correlation in depth accuracy error which is 0.05821 which is calculated based on the depth measured by GPR and EML.
{"title":"Subsurface utility detection using ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic locator – a comparative study","authors":"Amer Hazreq bin Haron, Tengku Sarah binti Tengku Amran, Mohamad Ridzuan Bin Ahmad, Noor Azreen Masenwat, S. Sani, Ismail Mustapha, S. Sayuti, Noryana Binti Abdul Razak, Mior Ahmad Khusaini Bin Adnan, Muhamad Ali bin Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Aliff Daniel bin Mohsin","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The process of finding and mapping underground utilities is crucial for managing underground infrastructure effectively, especially to avoid damaging them during construction and digging. This research studies two main methods used for this purpose: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Locator (EML). GPR works by using electromagnetic waves to detect and assess things underground, giving an idea of how deep they are. On the other hand, EM L help to find metal utilities by using electromagnetic fields. This shows how important it is to have accurate maps of these utilities. Having precise maps is like having a solid foundation for planning and maintaining infrastructure. It also points out that when combine information from GPR and EML and analyse the results together, it can make the findings even more accurate. In a nutshell, these methods are crucial for keeping us safe, preventing delays in projects, and making sure to use resources wisely across different industries. In this research, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to determine the correlation in depth accuracy error which is 0.05821 which is calculated based on the depth measured by GPR and EML.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012018
A S N Shah, M. A. Zali, N. S. M. Nazer, A. Hashim, A. Rusdi, A H Ismail
Dispersive soils pose significant challenges due to their inherent tendency to rapidly respond to the presence of water, resulting in erosion and heightened susceptibility to landslides. The inclusion of sodium (Na) onto the surface of soil clay particles results in the attenuation of the electrochemical interactions between the dispersed soil, leading to the repulsion and subsequent migration of the clay particles away from one another. This study employed Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) as indicators of soil dispersibility. The results indicate that soils containing montmorillonite clay mineral exhibit greater values of SAR > 11 and ESP > 20 in comparison to soils containing other clay minerals i.e. kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite. The calculated SAR and ESP values obtained from both analyses demonstrate a notable agreement, indicating a positive correlation. In conclusion, it is apparent that both NAA and ICP-MS method has the capability to be applied for the purpose of predicting soil dispersibility in landslide-prone regions of Malaysia.
由于分散性土壤本身具有对水的存在做出快速反应的倾向，因此会造成侵蚀和更容易发生山体滑坡，这给我们带来了巨大的挑战。在土壤粘粒表面加入钠（Na）会减弱分散土壤之间的电化学相互作用，导致粘粒相互排斥并随之迁移。本研究采用中子活化分析（NAA）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）评估钠吸附率（SAR）和可交换钠百分比（ESP），作为土壤分散性的指标。结果表明，与含有其他粘土矿物（即高岭石、伊利石和蛭石）的土壤相比，含有蒙脱石粘土矿物的土壤的 SAR 值大于 11，ESP 值大于 20。通过这两项分析得出的 SAR 和 ESP 计算值显示出明显的一致性，表明两者之间存在正相关关系。总之，NAA 和 ICP-MS 方法显然都能用于预测马来西亚易滑坡地区的土壤弥散性。
{"title":"The potential of NAA and ICP-MS for determining soil dispersibility in relation to landslide incidents","authors":"A S N Shah, M. A. Zali, N. S. M. Nazer, A. Hashim, A. Rusdi, A H Ismail","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dispersive soils pose significant challenges due to their inherent tendency to rapidly respond to the presence of water, resulting in erosion and heightened susceptibility to landslides. The inclusion of sodium (Na) onto the surface of soil clay particles results in the attenuation of the electrochemical interactions between the dispersed soil, leading to the repulsion and subsequent migration of the clay particles away from one another. This study employed Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) as indicators of soil dispersibility. The results indicate that soils containing montmorillonite clay mineral exhibit greater values of SAR > 11 and ESP > 20 in comparison to soils containing other clay minerals i.e. kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite. The calculated SAR and ESP values obtained from both analyses demonstrate a notable agreement, indicating a positive correlation. In conclusion, it is apparent that both NAA and ICP-MS method has the capability to be applied for the purpose of predicting soil dispersibility in landslide-prone regions of Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012009
R. Tajau, MS Alias, MH Harun, NH Mudri, FF Hilmi, SM Faisal, RC Ismail, AM Sani, Crc Hak, WS Paulus, BC Jong, Pwy Liew
The purpose of this research is to discover the effects of natural weathering on palm oil-based and petrochemical-based film coatings. The film coatings were prepared using the radiation curing approach via cross-linking. Three palm oil-based resins with TiO2 nanoparticle loading were developed: EPOLA, EPOLA-OPV, and POBUA. The petrochemical-based coatings were also developed to compare the performance of natural and synthetic coatings. The coatings were exposed to natural weathering for up to 60 days at varied angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The effect of natural weathering conditions on the surface morphological, physiochemical, and also flexural characteristics of coatings, as well as the discoloration visual inspection and the growth of mould or fungus on the tested specimen, was studied. The results showed that natural weathering exposure induced severe discoloration and deterioration of the polymer network structure of the coatings due to photo-oxidation reaction and the presence of fungi. Overall, palm oil-based coatings deteriorate slower than petroleum-based coatings, especially at a 90° angle. This study indicated that bioresources-based palm oil has a significant potential for interior wood varnish applications due to its superior qualities over synthetic-based coatings.
{"title":"Natural weathering effects on the surface morphological and physicochemical properties of radiation curable coatings in tropical climate","authors":"R. Tajau, MS Alias, MH Harun, NH Mudri, FF Hilmi, SM Faisal, RC Ismail, AM Sani, Crc Hak, WS Paulus, BC Jong, Pwy Liew","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this research is to discover the effects of natural weathering on palm oil-based and petrochemical-based film coatings. The film coatings were prepared using the radiation curing approach via cross-linking. Three palm oil-based resins with TiO2 nanoparticle loading were developed: EPOLA, EPOLA-OPV, and POBUA. The petrochemical-based coatings were also developed to compare the performance of natural and synthetic coatings. The coatings were exposed to natural weathering for up to 60 days at varied angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The effect of natural weathering conditions on the surface morphological, physiochemical, and also flexural characteristics of coatings, as well as the discoloration visual inspection and the growth of mould or fungus on the tested specimen, was studied. The results showed that natural weathering exposure induced severe discoloration and deterioration of the polymer network structure of the coatings due to photo-oxidation reaction and the presence of fungi. Overall, palm oil-based coatings deteriorate slower than petroleum-based coatings, especially at a 90° angle. This study indicated that bioresources-based palm oil has a significant potential for interior wood varnish applications due to its superior qualities over synthetic-based coatings.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012020
B. Baharuddin, M. W. Yii, N. F. Yusof, N. A. M. Jaffary, A. H. C. Kamaruddin, A. I. A. Bakar, A. S. Z. M. Halmi, M. S. M. Sanusi, J. S. Johan
Numerous anthropogenic nuclear activities in the Asia Pacific have exposed the region to radiological contamination risks, dating back to nuclear testing in 1946, with the most recent nuclear tests by North Korea. Additionally, the region had faced two major nuclear reactor disasters: the 1986 Chernobyl incident and the 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power accident. The latter led to the release of long-lived fission products from nuclear reactors, primarily volatile iodine and caesium isotopes into the atmosphere. These events have raised significant concerns for the international community, particularly neighbouring countries like Malaysia. Understanding atmospheric processes is essential for assessing the potential pathways of anthropogenic radionuclide transport and its impacts. Which later can be used to devise effective monitoring and mitigation strategies. This study, part of an environmental radiological monitoring initiative, utilises data from the CTBTO database. It aims to create a comprehensive mapping of anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations, focusing on Americium-241 (241Am), Caesium-137 (137Cs), Strontium-90 (90Sr), and Plutonium isotopes (239+240Pu) fallout in the Malaysia-South China Sea region. However, according to the CTBTO database, relevant anthropogenic radionuclide detected more than three years after the Fukushima incident is 137Cs. Employing ArcGIS and CTBTO data, the study examines the influence of the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons on 137Cs concentration mapping. these findings contribute to a global understanding of radionuclide distribution, with initial results showing the presence of detected anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs in the Malaysian environment. The 2014 pattern became a piece of preliminary evidence that the Northeast Monsoon had slightly elevated concentrations in the Malaysian environment, indicating its influence on radionuclide movement
{"title":"CTBT data for environmental radiological monitoring: a preliminary study in Malaysia","authors":"B. Baharuddin, M. W. Yii, N. F. Yusof, N. A. M. Jaffary, A. H. C. Kamaruddin, A. I. A. Bakar, A. S. Z. M. Halmi, M. S. M. Sanusi, J. S. Johan","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Numerous anthropogenic nuclear activities in the Asia Pacific have exposed the region to radiological contamination risks, dating back to nuclear testing in 1946, with the most recent nuclear tests by North Korea. Additionally, the region had faced two major nuclear reactor disasters: the 1986 Chernobyl incident and the 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power accident. The latter led to the release of long-lived fission products from nuclear reactors, primarily volatile iodine and caesium isotopes into the atmosphere. These events have raised significant concerns for the international community, particularly neighbouring countries like Malaysia. Understanding atmospheric processes is essential for assessing the potential pathways of anthropogenic radionuclide transport and its impacts. Which later can be used to devise effective monitoring and mitigation strategies. This study, part of an environmental radiological monitoring initiative, utilises data from the CTBTO database. It aims to create a comprehensive mapping of anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations, focusing on Americium-241 (241Am), Caesium-137 (137Cs), Strontium-90 (90Sr), and Plutonium isotopes (239+240Pu) fallout in the Malaysia-South China Sea region. However, according to the CTBTO database, relevant anthropogenic radionuclide detected more than three years after the Fukushima incident is 137Cs. Employing ArcGIS and CTBTO data, the study examines the influence of the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons on 137Cs concentration mapping. these findings contribute to a global understanding of radionuclide distribution, with initial results showing the presence of detected anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs in the Malaysian environment. The 2014 pattern became a piece of preliminary evidence that the Northeast Monsoon had slightly elevated concentrations in the Malaysian environment, indicating its influence on radionuclide movement","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012019
Mohd Fauzi Haris, N. Norwawi, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Muhammad Rawi Mohamed Zin, Muhammed Zulfakar Zolkaffly, Azlai Ta’at
Beryllium-7 (Be-7) is a significant radionuclide, primarily produced through cosmic ray interactions with atmospheric elements. Its study can provide insights into atmospheric processes and transport mechanisms. This research investigates the concentration of Be-7 in surface air at the Radionuclide Station (MYP42) located in Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, during the Southwest Monsoon season using data from the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) from 2011 to 2021. Meteorological parameters of the study area, such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, and precipitation, are considered to understand their influence on radionuclide dispersion and deposition. The results from this study are aimed to contribute to the understanding of atmospheric dynamics in the Cameron Highlands region and may have implications for broader atmospheric and environmental studies. The study results suggest no statistically significant variation in Be-7 concentration during the southwest monsoon season, demonstrating minimal fluctuations within and outside the monsoon period. Such insights are crucial for the region’s scientific research and environmental management.
{"title":"A study on surface air Beryllium-7 concentration at radionuclide station in Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands (MYP42) during southwest monsoon seasons in Malaysia","authors":"Mohd Fauzi Haris, N. Norwawi, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Muhammad Rawi Mohamed Zin, Muhammed Zulfakar Zolkaffly, Azlai Ta’at","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1308/1/012019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Beryllium-7 (Be-7) is a significant radionuclide, primarily produced through cosmic ray interactions with atmospheric elements. Its study can provide insights into atmospheric processes and transport mechanisms. This research investigates the concentration of Be-7 in surface air at the Radionuclide Station (MYP42) located in Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, during the Southwest Monsoon season using data from the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) from 2011 to 2021. Meteorological parameters of the study area, such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, and precipitation, are considered to understand their influence on radionuclide dispersion and deposition. The results from this study are aimed to contribute to the understanding of atmospheric dynamics in the Cameron Highlands region and may have implications for broader atmospheric and environmental studies. The study results suggest no statistically significant variation in Be-7 concentration during the southwest monsoon season, demonstrating minimal fluctuations within and outside the monsoon period. Such insights are crucial for the region’s scientific research and environmental management.","PeriodicalId":509593,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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