It is critical to well understand the combustion characteristics of the electrolytes inside lithium-ion batteries for safety concerns, particularly the electrolyte jet flames after thermal runaway. An electrolyte jet fire setup is developed in this study to investigate the combustion characteristics of electrolyte jets with the flame-retardant additive tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) under high-temperature circumstances. Jet and ignition delay times and flammability are defined to characterize the flame-retardant effects. The fundamental parameters of self-extinguishing time and propagation rate are also measured for a comprehensive comparison. The experimental results show that the propagation of electrolyte flame at ambient temperature can be entirely stopped with 40 wt % of TCEP additives and 50 wt % can make the electrolyte nonflammable. Owing to the high boiling temperature and vaporization enthalpy of TCEP, more heat is required for the decomposition of electrolytes and TCEP mixtures, resulting in lower decomposition reaction rates and heat release rates. Thus, both the jet delay times and the ignition delay times significantly increase with the TCEP additives. Moreover, analyses on the spectrum of electrolyte jet flame reveal that the suppressing effects of TCEP on the combustion of electrolyte jets are operated by scavenging the OH radical and heat release.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of electrolyte jets containing flame retardant tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate","authors":"Jie Zhou, Hui-Sheng Peng, Dong Zheng","doi":"10.1115/1.4065597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065597","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is critical to well understand the combustion characteristics of the electrolytes inside lithium-ion batteries for safety concerns, particularly the electrolyte jet flames after thermal runaway. An electrolyte jet fire setup is developed in this study to investigate the combustion characteristics of electrolyte jets with the flame-retardant additive tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) under high-temperature circumstances. Jet and ignition delay times and flammability are defined to characterize the flame-retardant effects. The fundamental parameters of self-extinguishing time and propagation rate are also measured for a comprehensive comparison. The experimental results show that the propagation of electrolyte flame at ambient temperature can be entirely stopped with 40 wt % of TCEP additives and 50 wt % can make the electrolyte nonflammable. Owing to the high boiling temperature and vaporization enthalpy of TCEP, more heat is required for the decomposition of electrolytes and TCEP mixtures, resulting in lower decomposition reaction rates and heat release rates. Thus, both the jet delay times and the ignition delay times significantly increase with the TCEP additives. Moreover, analyses on the spectrum of electrolyte jet flame reveal that the suppressing effects of TCEP on the combustion of electrolyte jets are operated by scavenging the OH radical and heat release.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lizhi Yan, Hongbing Zhang, Dailu Zhang, Z. Shang, Han Xu, Guo Qiang
Separate-layer injection technology is a highly significant approach for enhancing oil recovery in the later stages of oilfield production. Both separate-layer and general injection information are crucial parameters in multi-layer oilfield injection systems. However, the significance of general injection information is usually overlooked during the optimization process of separate-layer injection. Moreover, conventional optimization schemes for separate-layer injection fails to meet the immediate and dynamic demands of well production. Consequently, a separate-layer injection optimization method based on ANN-Res model was proposed. Firstly, the primary controlling factors for production were identified through grey correlation analysis and ablation experiments. Then, a data-driven model was established with artificial neural network (ANN), in which the residual block was utilized to incorporate general injection information, eventually formed an ANN-Res model that integrates separate-layer and general injection information. Finally, a workflow for separate-layer injection optimization was designed in association with the ANN-Res model. Analysis of primary controlling factor for production shows that the combination of separate-layer and general injection information for production prediction leads to redundancy. The results of injection-production prediction demonstrate that the ANN-Res model is significantly better than that of the ANN model which only inputs separate-layer or general injection information. Furthermore, the result of optimization proves the proposed method can be successfully applied to injection optimization, realizing the purpose of increasing oil production and decreasing water cut, thereby improving oilfield development.
分层注油技术是油田生产后期提高石油采收率的重要方法。在多层油田注水系统中，分层注水信息和一般注水信息都是至关重要的参数。然而，在分层注水优化过程中，一般注水信息的重要性往往被忽视。此外，传统的分层注水优化方案无法满足油井生产的即时动态需求。因此，本文提出了一种基于 ANN-Res 模型的分层注水优化方法。首先，通过灰色关联分析和烧蚀实验确定了产量的主要控制因素。然后，利用人工神经网络（ANN）建立了数据驱动模型，其中利用残差块纳入了一般注入信息，最终形成了一个整合了独立层和一般注入信息的 ANN-Res 模型。最后，结合 ANN-Res 模型设计了独立层喷射优化工作流程。对产量主要控制因素的分析表明，结合独立层和一般注水信息进行产量预测会导致冗余。注采预测结果表明，ANN-Res 模型明显优于只输入独立层或一般注采信息的 ANN 模型。此外，优化结果证明，所提出的方法可以成功应用于注水优化，实现增产减水的目的，从而改善油田开发。
{"title":"Separate-layer injection scheme optimization based on integrated injection information with artificial neural network and residual network","authors":"Lizhi Yan, Hongbing Zhang, Dailu Zhang, Z. Shang, Han Xu, Guo Qiang","doi":"10.1115/1.4065539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065539","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Separate-layer injection technology is a highly significant approach for enhancing oil recovery in the later stages of oilfield production. Both separate-layer and general injection information are crucial parameters in multi-layer oilfield injection systems. However, the significance of general injection information is usually overlooked during the optimization process of separate-layer injection. Moreover, conventional optimization schemes for separate-layer injection fails to meet the immediate and dynamic demands of well production. Consequently, a separate-layer injection optimization method based on ANN-Res model was proposed. Firstly, the primary controlling factors for production were identified through grey correlation analysis and ablation experiments. Then, a data-driven model was established with artificial neural network (ANN), in which the residual block was utilized to incorporate general injection information, eventually formed an ANN-Res model that integrates separate-layer and general injection information. Finally, a workflow for separate-layer injection optimization was designed in association with the ANN-Res model. Analysis of primary controlling factor for production shows that the combination of separate-layer and general injection information for production prediction leads to redundancy. The results of injection-production prediction demonstrate that the ANN-Res model is significantly better than that of the ANN model which only inputs separate-layer or general injection information. Furthermore, the result of optimization proves the proposed method can be successfully applied to injection optimization, realizing the purpose of increasing oil production and decreasing water cut, thereby improving oilfield development.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its renewable and sustainable features, the wind energy is growing up around the word. However, the wind speed fluctuation induces the intermittent character of the generated wind power. Thus, wind power estimation, through wind speed forecasting, is very inherent to ensure an effective power scheduling. Four wind speed predictors based on deep learning networks and optimization algorithms, were developed. The designed topologies are the multilayer perceptron neural network, the long short-term memory network, the convolutional short-term memory network and the bidirectional short-term neural network coupled with the Bayesian optimization. The models performance was evaluated through evaluation indicators mainly, the root mean squared error, the mean absolute error and the mean absolute percentage. Based on the simulation results, all of them show a considerable prediction results. Moreover, the combination of the the long short-term memory network and the optimization algorithm is more robust on wind speed forecasting with a mean absolute error equal to 0.23 m/s. The estimated wind power was investigated for an optimal Wind/PV/Battery/Diesel energy management. The handling approach lies on the continuity of the load supply through the renewable sources as priority, the batteries on second order and finally the diesels. The proposed management strategy respects the designed criteria with satisfactory contribution percentage of the renewable sources equal to 71%.
{"title":"Improving wind power forecast accuracy for optimal hybrid system energy management","authors":"Rim Ben Ammar, Mohsen Ben Ammar, A. Oualha","doi":"10.1115/1.4065538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065538","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to its renewable and sustainable features, the wind energy is growing up around the word. However, the wind speed fluctuation induces the intermittent character of the generated wind power. Thus, wind power estimation, through wind speed forecasting, is very inherent to ensure an effective power scheduling. Four wind speed predictors based on deep learning networks and optimization algorithms, were developed. The designed topologies are the multilayer perceptron neural network, the long short-term memory network, the convolutional short-term memory network and the bidirectional short-term neural network coupled with the Bayesian optimization. The models performance was evaluated through evaluation indicators mainly, the root mean squared error, the mean absolute error and the mean absolute percentage. Based on the simulation results, all of them show a considerable prediction results. Moreover, the combination of the the long short-term memory network and the optimization algorithm is more robust on wind speed forecasting with a mean absolute error equal to 0.23 m/s. The estimated wind power was investigated for an optimal Wind/PV/Battery/Diesel energy management. The handling approach lies on the continuity of the load supply through the renewable sources as priority, the batteries on second order and finally the diesels. The proposed management strategy respects the designed criteria with satisfactory contribution percentage of the renewable sources equal to 71%.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of injection timing (IT) on combustion-emission-performance aspects of the compression ignition (CI) engine, running with emulsified plastic oil (EPO). The IT was advanced (250 bTDC) as well as retarded (210 bTDC) for EPO run engine, and the obtained results were compared with EPO and neat diesel run engine at standard IT (230 bTDC). At full load, the peak cylinder pressure increased to 64.7 bar when the IT was advanced to 250 bTDC. The corresponding peak heat release rate also increased to 40.29 J/CA due to the advancement of IT in comparison with the standard IT. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) also improved at all loading conditions. However, the advancement of IT increased the nitrogen oxides (NOx), and temperature of exhaust gas slightly. In addition, 250 bTDC for EPO also reduced the unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions w.r.t the standard IT. Largely, the advanced IT improved the majority of the engine characteristics for EPO except for the NOx, but that is also lower than diesel-run operation. Thus, 250 bTDC (for EPO) exhibits promising potential to be implemented in CI engines.
本研究探讨了喷油正时（IT）对使用乳化塑料油（EPO）的压燃式（CI）发动机的燃烧-排放-性能方面的影响。对 EPO 发动机的喷油正时进行了提前（250 bTDC）和延后（210 bTDC），并将所得结果与标准喷油正时（230 bTDC）下的 EPO 发动机和纯柴油发动机进行了比较。满负荷时，当 IT 前进到 250 bTDC 时，气缸压力峰值增加到 64.7 巴。与标准 IT 相比，由于 IT 提前，相应的峰值放热率也增加到 40.29 J/CA。在所有加载条件下，制动油耗（BSFC）也有所改善。不过，先进的 IT 技术略微增加了氮氧化物（NOx）和废气温度。此外，与标准 IT 相比，250 bTDC 的 EPO 还减少了未燃烧碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）和烟雾的排放。在很大程度上，先进的 IT 改善了 EPO 的大部分发动机特性，但氮氧化物除外，但也低于柴油机运行时的水平。因此，250 bTDC（用于 EPO）在 CI 发动机中的应用潜力巨大。
{"title":"Influence of injection timing variation on combustion-emission-performance aspects of emulsified plastic oil-run compression ignition engine","authors":"Dipankar Saha, B. Roy, P. P. Kundu","doi":"10.1115/1.4065540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065540","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the influence of injection timing (IT) on combustion-emission-performance aspects of the compression ignition (CI) engine, running with emulsified plastic oil (EPO). The IT was advanced (250 bTDC) as well as retarded (210 bTDC) for EPO run engine, and the obtained results were compared with EPO and neat diesel run engine at standard IT (230 bTDC). At full load, the peak cylinder pressure increased to 64.7 bar when the IT was advanced to 250 bTDC. The corresponding peak heat release rate also increased to 40.29 J/CA due to the advancement of IT in comparison with the standard IT. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) also improved at all loading conditions. However, the advancement of IT increased the nitrogen oxides (NOx), and temperature of exhaust gas slightly. In addition, 250 bTDC for EPO also reduced the unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions w.r.t the standard IT. Largely, the advanced IT improved the majority of the engine characteristics for EPO except for the NOx, but that is also lower than diesel-run operation. Thus, 250 bTDC (for EPO) exhibits promising potential to be implemented in CI engines.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"57 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issues in integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into distribution grid structures are thoroughly examined in this research. It highlights how important this integration is to updating the energy system and attaining environmental goals. The study explores the specific problems confronted by means of on-grid power structures, along with overall performance metrics and compatibility issues. Additionally, it presents a thorough assessment of the attributes for various RES hybrid systems, together with technology from the fields of solar, wind, batteries, and biomass. to be able to spotlight the significance of innovative solutions inside the dispersed technology environment, the integration of RES with CCHP structures is investigated. This study addresses the numerous problems with RES integration into the grid to better comprehend their intricacies. The viability of RES integration is supported by real-world case studies that provide operational examples of dispersed generation systems. The study concludes by discussing the technical, financial, and grid-related problems associated with distributed generating systems' limits and highlighting the contribution of cutting-edge technology and artificial intelligence to their removal. In conclusion, the report highlights the development toward smarter grids and improved distributed generating capacities as the essential component of a robust and sustainable energy future.
{"title":"Advancements and Challenges in Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into Distribution Grid Systems: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Surender Singh, Saurabh Singh","doi":"10.1115/1.4065503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065503","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The issues in integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into distribution grid structures are thoroughly examined in this research. It highlights how important this integration is to updating the energy system and attaining environmental goals. The study explores the specific problems confronted by means of on-grid power structures, along with overall performance metrics and compatibility issues. Additionally, it presents a thorough assessment of the attributes for various RES hybrid systems, together with technology from the fields of solar, wind, batteries, and biomass. to be able to spotlight the significance of innovative solutions inside the dispersed technology environment, the integration of RES with CCHP structures is investigated. This study addresses the numerous problems with RES integration into the grid to better comprehend their intricacies. The viability of RES integration is supported by real-world case studies that provide operational examples of dispersed generation systems. The study concludes by discussing the technical, financial, and grid-related problems associated with distributed generating systems' limits and highlighting the contribution of cutting-edge technology and artificial intelligence to their removal. In conclusion, the report highlights the development toward smarter grids and improved distributed generating capacities as the essential component of a robust and sustainable energy future.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":" 65","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Matt Gore, Tiegang Fang
This study investigates the combustion performance of CO2 rich fuel mixtures containing ethane and methane as active species using a constant volume combustion chamber. This fuel is obtained as byproducts of a chemical looping based oxidative dehydrogenation (Cl-ODH) process ethylene production. The byproduct gas mixture has 40.79% CO2, 39.49% ethane, and 4.88% methane by weight with other minor compounds. After initial combustion modelling, the gas fuel mixture was reduced to just the major species: CO2, ethane, and methane. The mixture was then tested for flammability limits and combustion performance under spark-ignition conditions. Effects of ambient conditions and stoichiometry like temperatures between 300 to 400 K with initial pressures from 1 to 10 bar were tested. The fuel mixture showed an overall reduced flame velocity compared to gasoline. Instability in combustion was believed to be caused by the dissociation of ethane under elevated conditions. At higher pressures, the flame produces lower cumulative heat release. Simulations were also performed using a model tuned to replicate the operations of the combustion chamber used in the experiments. Heat release and unburnt fuel mass data were calculated to identify the discrepancies in the combustion completeness at elevated pressures. The effects of CO2 quenching the flame coupled with the increased dissociation of the fuel species can lead to up to more than 75% of the fuel mixture being unburnt. Data from this study was used to modify a small-scale spark-ignition engine to use this fuel and produce usable energy.
本研究使用恒定容积燃烧室研究了以乙烷和甲烷为活性物种的富二氧化碳燃料混合物的燃烧性能。这种燃料是从基于化学循环的氧化脱氢（Cl-ODH）乙烯生产过程中获得的副产品。按重量计，副产品气体混合物中含有 40.79% 的二氧化碳、39.49% 的乙烷和 4.88% 的甲烷以及其他次要化合物。经过初始燃烧建模后，气体燃料混合物被还原为主要物质：二氧化碳、乙烷和甲烷。然后测试了混合物在火花点火条件下的可燃性极限和燃烧性能。测试了环境条件和化学计量的影响，如温度在 300 至 400 K 之间，初始压力在 1 至 10 bar 之间。与汽油相比，混合燃料的火焰速度总体上有所降低。燃烧的不稳定性被认为是由于乙烷在高温条件下解离造成的。在较高压力下，火焰产生的累积热量释放较低。我们还使用一个经过调整的模型进行了模拟，以复制实验中使用的燃烧室的运行情况。通过计算释放的热量和未燃烧燃料的质量数据，确定了在高压下燃烧完整性的差异。二氧化碳熄灭火焰的影响加上燃料种类解离的增加，可导致高达 75% 以上的燃料混合物未燃烧。这项研究的数据被用来改造一台小型火花点火发动机，以使用这种燃料并产生可用能量。
{"title":"Experimental Combustion and Flame Characterization of a Chemical Looping Based Oxidative Dehydrogenation Byproduct Fuel Mixture Containing High CO2 Dilution","authors":"Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Matt Gore, Tiegang Fang","doi":"10.1115/1.4065402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065402","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the combustion performance of CO2 rich fuel mixtures containing ethane and methane as active species using a constant volume combustion chamber. This fuel is obtained as byproducts of a chemical looping based oxidative dehydrogenation (Cl-ODH) process ethylene production. The byproduct gas mixture has 40.79% CO2, 39.49% ethane, and 4.88% methane by weight with other minor compounds. After initial combustion modelling, the gas fuel mixture was reduced to just the major species: CO2, ethane, and methane. The mixture was then tested for flammability limits and combustion performance under spark-ignition conditions. Effects of ambient conditions and stoichiometry like temperatures between 300 to 400 K with initial pressures from 1 to 10 bar were tested. The fuel mixture showed an overall reduced flame velocity compared to gasoline. Instability in combustion was believed to be caused by the dissociation of ethane under elevated conditions. At higher pressures, the flame produces lower cumulative heat release. Simulations were also performed using a model tuned to replicate the operations of the combustion chamber used in the experiments. Heat release and unburnt fuel mass data were calculated to identify the discrepancies in the combustion completeness at elevated pressures. The effects of CO2 quenching the flame coupled with the increased dissociation of the fuel species can lead to up to more than 75% of the fuel mixture being unburnt. Data from this study was used to modify a small-scale spark-ignition engine to use this fuel and produce usable energy.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"60 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiming Zhang, Andrew Kleit, Eugene Morgan, John Wang
Horizontal wells with multistage fracture treatments enabled economic gas production from shale gas reservoirs. Recovery from a typical shale reservoir is usually quite low as numerous factors can affect the ultimate recovery. However, recovery factors inside and outside the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), especially the variations spatially and temporally, are not yet fully understood as numerical simulation of shale gas production is still challenging. In this study, a dual-porosity, dual-permeability model was built to investigate ultimate gas recovery and its spatial variations throughout the production period. Parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of matrix permeability, fracture conductivity, fracture half length, and operating conditions on recovery factors. Systematic and comprehensive numerical experiments were carried out to generate a probability distribution of ultimate recovery factors. The results presented in this manuscript provide insight into the impact that key parameters have on these recovery factors in and outside the SRV and the range of recovery factors one can expect from shale gas reservoirs. Fracture conductivity has the most impact on recovery in the SRV while matrix permeability can affect the recovery outside the SRV significantly. The expected recovery in the SRV is 24% in shale reservoirs. The methodology in this study provides a foundation to develop more-reliable models in accurately forecasting ultimate gas recoveries spatially for shale gas reservoirs. The new understanding can be applied to optimize field development, well spacing, and infill drilling to increase economic recovery.
{"title":"Analysis of Ultimate Gas Recovery in Shale Reservoirs","authors":"Yiming Zhang, Andrew Kleit, Eugene Morgan, John Wang","doi":"10.1115/1.4065382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065382","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Horizontal wells with multistage fracture treatments enabled economic gas production from shale gas reservoirs. Recovery from a typical shale reservoir is usually quite low as numerous factors can affect the ultimate recovery. However, recovery factors inside and outside the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), especially the variations spatially and temporally, are not yet fully understood as numerical simulation of shale gas production is still challenging. In this study, a dual-porosity, dual-permeability model was built to investigate ultimate gas recovery and its spatial variations throughout the production period. Parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of matrix permeability, fracture conductivity, fracture half length, and operating conditions on recovery factors. Systematic and comprehensive numerical experiments were carried out to generate a probability distribution of ultimate recovery factors. The results presented in this manuscript provide insight into the impact that key parameters have on these recovery factors in and outside the SRV and the range of recovery factors one can expect from shale gas reservoirs. Fracture conductivity has the most impact on recovery in the SRV while matrix permeability can affect the recovery outside the SRV significantly. The expected recovery in the SRV is 24% in shale reservoirs. The methodology in this study provides a foundation to develop more-reliable models in accurately forecasting ultimate gas recoveries spatially for shale gas reservoirs. The new understanding can be applied to optimize field development, well spacing, and infill drilling to increase economic recovery.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Vallejo Díaz, Idalberto Herrera Moya, Juan E. Castellanos, Edwin Garabitos Lara
Renewable energy solutions are critical for addressing several pressing issues, including climate change, the fossil fuels supply chain fragility and fuel price fluctuations. One promising technological solution is rooftop-mounted turbines into buildings. This study presents an evaluation of the potential for wind energy utilization on the rooftop of a typical 29 m tall building. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology that can effectively investigate the integration of small wind turbines (SWTs) into urban buildings, intending to promote energy sufficiency in urban areas. A robust framework has been developed that consists of seven fundamental steps. These steps include site selection, evaluating urban wind energy with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and on-site measurements, selecting an appropriate SWT, estimating the annual energy production (AEP), conducting an evaluation of the environmental impact, resilience, and economic analysis, and finally, installing the system. This straightforward yet reliable framework provides a comprehensive approach to assessing the viability of wind energy utilization in urban areas. The findings revealed that the most suitable location for installation had an estimated AEP of around 1030 kWh, leading to a reduction in emissions of 0.64 tCO2/y. Additionally, it was observed that the building's geometry significantly affected the wind flow, causing a substantial decrease in wind speed downstream. A significant decline in wind speed, up to 100% from wind incidence to the opposite end, can greatly impact energy generation. With less kinetic energy available, SWTs may generate less electrical energy. Selecting optimal sites and considering wind patterns is crucial for maximizing energy generation in wind energy projects.
{"title":"Optimal positioning of small wind turbines into a building using on-site measurements and CFD simulation","authors":"Alexander Vallejo Díaz, Idalberto Herrera Moya, Juan E. Castellanos, Edwin Garabitos Lara","doi":"10.1115/1.4065381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065381","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Renewable energy solutions are critical for addressing several pressing issues, including climate change, the fossil fuels supply chain fragility and fuel price fluctuations. One promising technological solution is rooftop-mounted turbines into buildings. This study presents an evaluation of the potential for wind energy utilization on the rooftop of a typical 29 m tall building. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology that can effectively investigate the integration of small wind turbines (SWTs) into urban buildings, intending to promote energy sufficiency in urban areas. A robust framework has been developed that consists of seven fundamental steps. These steps include site selection, evaluating urban wind energy with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and on-site measurements, selecting an appropriate SWT, estimating the annual energy production (AEP), conducting an evaluation of the environmental impact, resilience, and economic analysis, and finally, installing the system. This straightforward yet reliable framework provides a comprehensive approach to assessing the viability of wind energy utilization in urban areas. The findings revealed that the most suitable location for installation had an estimated AEP of around 1030 kWh, leading to a reduction in emissions of 0.64 tCO2/y. Additionally, it was observed that the building's geometry significantly affected the wind flow, causing a substantial decrease in wind speed downstream. A significant decline in wind speed, up to 100% from wind incidence to the opposite end, can greatly impact energy generation. With less kinetic energy available, SWTs may generate less electrical energy. Selecting optimal sites and considering wind patterns is crucial for maximizing energy generation in wind energy projects.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to advance understanding of in-cylinder combustion processes in medium-speed diesel engines, which are extensively employed in heavy-duty applications where electrification proves inefficient yet remain insufficiently examined in the literature. By modeling a four-stroke engine with dimensions of 210mm bore and 310mm stroke, operating at 900 rpm under full load, this research identifies distinct combustion characteristics that differentiate medium-speed engines from their high-speed counterparts. Key findings illustrate that super turbocharging in medium-speed engines enhances the combustion of the fuel-air mixture under elevated temperatures and pressures. Moreover, an increased stroke length promotes gas velocity and turbulence, facilitating fuel atomization and mixing. Notably, rapid fuel ignition occurs near the nozzle due to the high temperature of compressed air, reducing the ignition delay. As a result, the premixed combustion stage nearly disappears, with diffusion combustion dominating, especially pronounced with long-duration injection, a characteristic of medium-speed engines. The study also reveals a more uniform but elevated distribution of nitrogen oxides emissions in medium-speed engines, attributed to prolonged high-temperature conditions that both facilitate their formation. Early stages of diffusion combustion show high concentrations of incomplete combustion products. However, as the combustion process progresses, the conditions favor complete oxidation of these products at high temperatures, resulting in decreased carbon-based pollutions. Additionally, the larger combustion chamber and enhanced turbulence characteristic of medium-speed engines support efficient fuel and air mixing without necessitating the swirl effect required by high-speed engines, diminishing the dependence on wall impingement dynamics for air utilization. Consequently, efficiency optimization strategies for medium-speed engines, emphasizing adjustable injection parameters, encounter fewer constraints than those inherent to the spatial limitations of high-speed engines.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of in-cylinder combustion behaviors in a medium-speed diesel engine","authors":"Yuchao Yan, Tansu Shang, Lingmin Li, Ruomiao Yang, Zhen-tao Liu, Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4065289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065289","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to advance understanding of in-cylinder combustion processes in medium-speed diesel engines, which are extensively employed in heavy-duty applications where electrification proves inefficient yet remain insufficiently examined in the literature. By modeling a four-stroke engine with dimensions of 210mm bore and 310mm stroke, operating at 900 rpm under full load, this research identifies distinct combustion characteristics that differentiate medium-speed engines from their high-speed counterparts. Key findings illustrate that super turbocharging in medium-speed engines enhances the combustion of the fuel-air mixture under elevated temperatures and pressures. Moreover, an increased stroke length promotes gas velocity and turbulence, facilitating fuel atomization and mixing. Notably, rapid fuel ignition occurs near the nozzle due to the high temperature of compressed air, reducing the ignition delay. As a result, the premixed combustion stage nearly disappears, with diffusion combustion dominating, especially pronounced with long-duration injection, a characteristic of medium-speed engines. The study also reveals a more uniform but elevated distribution of nitrogen oxides emissions in medium-speed engines, attributed to prolonged high-temperature conditions that both facilitate their formation. Early stages of diffusion combustion show high concentrations of incomplete combustion products. However, as the combustion process progresses, the conditions favor complete oxidation of these products at high temperatures, resulting in decreased carbon-based pollutions. Additionally, the larger combustion chamber and enhanced turbulence characteristic of medium-speed engines support efficient fuel and air mixing without necessitating the swirl effect required by high-speed engines, diminishing the dependence on wall impingement dynamics for air utilization. Consequently, efficiency optimization strategies for medium-speed engines, emphasizing adjustable injection parameters, encounter fewer constraints than those inherent to the spatial limitations of high-speed engines.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"131 S212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shahid Farooq, Abdullah Baig, Yanju Wei, He Liu
Methanol (CH3OH) is emerging as a viable alternative to fossil-based fuels, addressing the increasing global energy demand while promoting sustainability. The spark ignition (SI) engines are widely used to run the automobile sector. Methanol as a widely available and cheap source of energy can be strongly replaced with expensive and limited fossil-based fuels to power the SI engines. The prime objective of this study is to evaluate the advancements made in improving the fuel blends, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of methanol-fueled SI engines. The investigation commences by examining the various technical improvements implemented in methanol-fueled SI engines to optimize their overall performance. These developments include advancements in fuel blends, engine design, combustion strategies, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, engine load, etc. The impacts of these developments on the performance parameters including brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power output, torque, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, etc., combustion parameters including ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD), heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder pressure and temperature, etc., emission parameters including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxides (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), formaldehyde (FA), unburned methanol (UBM), etc., is reviewed comprehensively. The effectiveness of emission control techniques and the potential for meeting stringent environmental regulations are explored. The review paper then considers the wider implications of methanol-fueled SI engines by examining their technical, environmental, economic, and renewable applications. The technical aspects cover the compatibility of methanol-fueled SI engines with existing infrastructure and the associated challenges and opportunities. The environmental considerations delve into the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the overall sustainability of methanol as a renewable fuel. Finally, the research direction of methanol SI engines is discussed, highlighting the emerging trends and prospects in this field. The review paper concludes with recommendations for further research and development, addressing the key areas that require attention to unlock the full potential of methanol as an efficient and sustainable fuel for spark ignition (SI) engines.
甲醇（CH3OH）正在成为化石燃料的一种可行替代品，在满足全球日益增长的能源需求的同时，也促进了可持续发展。火花点火（SI）发动机被广泛用于汽车行业。甲醇作为一种可广泛获得的廉价能源，可以有力地替代昂贵而有限的化石燃料，为 SI 发动机提供动力。本研究的主要目的是评估在改善以甲醇为燃料的 SI 发动机的燃料混合、性能、燃烧和排放特性方面所取得的进展。调查首先考察了甲醇燃料 SI 发动机为优化整体性能而实施的各种技术改进。这些改进包括燃料混合、发动机设计、燃烧策略、燃料喷射系统、点火系统、发动机负载等方面的进步。这些发展对性能参数（包括制动热效率 (BTE)、功率输出、扭矩、燃油效率、热效率等）、燃烧参数（包括点火延迟 (ID)、燃烧持续时间 (CD)、热释放率 (HRR)、气缸内压力和温度等）以及排放参数（包括碳氢化合物 (HC)、一氧化碳 (CO)、氮氧化物 (NOx)、甲醛 (FA)、未燃甲醇 (UBM) 等）的影响进行了全面审查。论文探讨了排放控制技术的有效性以及满足严格的环境法规要求的潜力。然后，本文通过研究甲醇燃料 SI 发动机的技术、环境、经济和可再生应用，探讨了其更广泛的影响。技术方面包括甲醇燃料 SI 发动机与现有基础设施的兼容性以及相关的挑战和机遇。环境方面的考虑则深入研究了减少温室气体排放的潜力以及甲醇作为可再生燃料的整体可持续性。最后，讨论了甲醇 SI 发动机的研究方向，强调了该领域的新兴趋势和前景。综述文件最后提出了进一步研究和开发的建议，涉及需要关注的关键领域，以充分释放甲醇作为火花点火 (SI) 发动机的高效和可持续燃料的潜力。
{"title":"Comprehensive review on technical developments of methanol-fuel-based spark ignition engines to improve the performance, combustion, and emissions","authors":"Muhammad Shahid Farooq, Abdullah Baig, Yanju Wei, He Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4065249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Methanol (CH3OH) is emerging as a viable alternative to fossil-based fuels, addressing the increasing global energy demand while promoting sustainability. The spark ignition (SI) engines are widely used to run the automobile sector. Methanol as a widely available and cheap source of energy can be strongly replaced with expensive and limited fossil-based fuels to power the SI engines. The prime objective of this study is to evaluate the advancements made in improving the fuel blends, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of methanol-fueled SI engines. The investigation commences by examining the various technical improvements implemented in methanol-fueled SI engines to optimize their overall performance. These developments include advancements in fuel blends, engine design, combustion strategies, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, engine load, etc. The impacts of these developments on the performance parameters including brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power output, torque, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, etc., combustion parameters including ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD), heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder pressure and temperature, etc., emission parameters including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxides (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), formaldehyde (FA), unburned methanol (UBM), etc., is reviewed comprehensively. The effectiveness of emission control techniques and the potential for meeting stringent environmental regulations are explored. The review paper then considers the wider implications of methanol-fueled SI engines by examining their technical, environmental, economic, and renewable applications. The technical aspects cover the compatibility of methanol-fueled SI engines with existing infrastructure and the associated challenges and opportunities. The environmental considerations delve into the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the overall sustainability of methanol as a renewable fuel. Finally, the research direction of methanol SI engines is discussed, highlighting the emerging trends and prospects in this field. The review paper concludes with recommendations for further research and development, addressing the key areas that require attention to unlock the full potential of methanol as an efficient and sustainable fuel for spark ignition (SI) engines.","PeriodicalId":509700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","volume":"158 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：