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Physico-chemical approach of polymer chemical ageing: a short review 高分子化学老化的物理化学方法综述
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.64
E. Richaud
Polymers are known to degrade in their use conditions, with the risk that their properties reach unacceptable level. This paper reviews the modeling of modifications occurring at molecular and architectural changes occurring during their chemical ageing, with the aim of predicting the physical (mechanical) properties, all values being linked by structure properties relationships.
众所周知,聚合物在使用条件下会降解,其性能有可能达到不可接受的水平。本文回顾了在化学老化过程中发生的分子和结构变化的修饰建模,目的是预测物理(机械)性能,所有值都通过结构属性关系联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Identification methodology of a rate-sensitive constitutive law with mean field and full field modeling approaches for polycrystalline materials 基于平均场和全场建模方法的多晶材料速率敏感本构识别方法
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.56
Y. Charles, Chun-Lei Zhang, M. Gaspérini, B. Bacroix
The present paper deals with the consideration of the rate-sensitivity mechanical behavior of metallic materials, in the framework of mean field and full field homogenization approaches. We re-examine the possibility of describing properly this rate sensitivity with a simple and widely used power law expressed at the level of the slip system, and we propose a methodology to accelerate the identification of the global material constitutive law for Finite Element (FE) simulations. For such an aim, simulations of a tensile test are conducted, using a simple homogenization model (the Taylor one, used in a relaxed constraint form) and an FE code (Abaqus), both using the same single-crystal rate-dependent constitutive law. It is shown that, provided that the identification of this law is performed with care and well adapted to the examined case (rate-sensitive or insensitive materials, static and/or dynamic ranges), the simple power law can be used to simulate the macroscopic behavior of polycrystalline aggregates in a wide range of strain rate (including both static and dynamic regimes) and strain-rate sensitivity values (up the rate-insensitive limit).
本文讨论了在平均场和全场均匀化方法的框架下考虑金属材料的速率敏感力学行为。我们重新研究了在滑移系统水平上用一个简单而广泛使用的幂律来描述这种速率敏感性的可能性,并提出了一种方法来加速识别有限元(FE)模拟的整体材料本构律。为了这样的目的,模拟拉伸试验进行,使用一个简单的均质模型(泰勒的一个,在一个宽松的约束形式中使用)和一个有限元代码(Abaqus),两者都使用相同的单晶速率相关的本构律。结果表明,只要对这一规律的识别是谨慎的,并很好地适应所研究的情况(速率敏感或不敏感的材料,静态和/或动态范围),简单幂律可以用来模拟多晶聚集体在大范围的应变速率(包括静态和动态体制)和应变速率敏感值(超过速率不敏感的极限)中的宏观行为。
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引用次数: 0
Polycrystal thermo-elasticity revisited: theory and applications 再论多晶热弹性:理论与应用
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.18
C. Tomé, R. Lebensohn
The self-consistent (SC) theory is the most commonly used mean-field homogenization method to estimate the mechanical response behavior of polycrystals based on the knowledge of the properties and orientation distribution of constituent single-crystal grains. The original elastic SC method can be extended to thermo-elasticity by adding a stress-free strain to an elastic constitutive relation that expresses stress as a linear function of strain. With the addition of this independent term, the problem remains linear. Although the thermo-elastic self-consistent (TESC) model has important theoretical implications for the development of self-consistent homogenization of non-linear polycrystals, in this paper, we focus on TESC applications to actual thermo-elastic problems involving non-cubic (i.e. thermally anisotropic) materials. To achieve this aim, we provide a thorough description of the TESC theory, which is followed by illustrative examples involving cooling of polycrystalline non-cubic metals. The TESC model allows studying the effect of crystallographic texture and single-crystal elastic and thermal anisotropy on the effective thermo-elastic response of the aggregate and on the internal stresses that develop at the local level.
自洽理论是一种常用的平均场均匀化方法,它基于单晶晶粒的性质和取向分布来估计多晶的力学响应行为。通过在表示应力为应变的线性函数的弹性本构关系中加入无应力应变,可以将原来的弹性SC方法扩展为热弹性方法。加上这个独立项后,问题仍然是线性的。尽管热弹性自洽(TESC)模型对于发展非线性多晶的自洽均质化具有重要的理论意义,但在本文中,我们将重点关注TESC在涉及非立方(即热各向异性)材料的实际热弹性问题中的应用。为了实现这一目标,我们提供了TESC理论的全面描述,随后是涉及多晶非立方金属冷却的说白了的例子。TESC模型允许研究晶体织构、单晶弹性和热各向异性对聚集体有效热弹性响应和局部内应力的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Efficient simulation of single and poly-crystal plasticity based on the pencil glide mechanism 基于铅笔滑动机制的单晶和多晶塑性高效仿真
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.44
L. T. Le, K. Ammar, S. Forest
The present work demonstrates that the pencil glide mechanism is a physically reliable and a computationally efficient model to simulate the nonlinear behaviour of b.c.c. single and polycrystals. For that purpose, the pencil glide extension of Schmid’s criterion used by Gilormini [1] is incorporated in a single crystal model and in a homogenized polycrystal model accounting for large elastoviscoplastic deformations. The response of the pencil glide model in terms of stress-strain curves and lattice rotation is compared to the prediction based on the consideration of all ({110}〈111〉+ {112}〈111〉) slip systems. In the case of α-iron single crystals both approaches are shown to accurately reproduce recent experimental results [2, 3]. The comparison is extended to α-iron polycrystals behaviour under tension, compression, rolling and simple shear loading conditions. The evolution of crystallographic textures obtained either based on pencil glide or using the 24 slip systems is analyzed and compared to classical experimental results from the literature. Limitations of the approach, especially in the case of simple shear textures, are also pointed out. The pencil glide approach can be viewed as a reduced order model enhancing computational efficiency of crystal plasticity simulations involving many slip mechanisms.
本文的工作表明,铅笔滑动机制是一种物理上可靠的、计算上有效的模型,可以模拟b.c.c.单晶和多晶的非线性行为。为此,Gilormini[1]使用的Schmid准则的铅笔滑动扩展被纳入单晶模型和考虑大弹粘塑性变形的均匀化多晶模型中。将铅笔滑动模型在应力应变曲线和晶格旋转条件下的响应与考虑所有({110}< 111 > +{112}< 111 >)滑移体系的预测结果进行了比较。在α-铁单晶的情况下,这两种方法都被证明可以准确地再现最近的实验结果[2,3]。比较扩展到α-铁多晶在拉伸、压缩、轧制和简单剪切加载条件下的性能。分析了基于铅笔滑动或使用24滑动系统获得的晶体织构的演变,并与文献中的经典实验结果进行了比较。同时指出了该方法的局限性,特别是在简单剪切纹理的情况下。铅笔滑动方法可以看作是一种降阶模型,提高了涉及多种滑动机制的晶体塑性模拟的计算效率。
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引用次数: 4
Morphogenetic processes: from leaves to embryos 形态发生过程:从叶片到胚胎
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.33
L. Pauchard
The present manuscript is devoted to two works related to the spontaneous formation of patterns in Nature: venation in leaves and evolution of embryos. Morphogenetic processes and growth-induced instability phenomena are modelled through analogue experiments. The organization of veins in leaves is similar to what is expected from growth in a tensorial stress field that governs the formation of fractures, while the change in the shape of embryos is related to the deformation of a shell-like membrane whose properties evolve with time. The approaches resulting from analogue experiments is a way to explore specific properties of the media at a macroscopic scale. Thus the manuscript aims to focus on the analogue experiments, their adaptability to reproduce specific patterns and the relation between both growth-induced instability and mechanical behaviour of the matter.
目前的手稿是专门为两个工作有关自然模式的自发形成:脉在叶子和胚胎的进化。通过模拟实验模拟了形态发生过程和生长诱导的不稳定现象。叶片中叶脉的组织类似于在控制裂缝形成的张拉应力场中生长的预期,而胚胎形状的变化与贝壳状膜的变形有关,其特性随着时间的推移而演变。从模拟实验中得出的方法是在宏观尺度上探索介质特定性质的一种方法。因此,手稿的目的是集中在模拟实验,他们的适应性,以重现特定的模式和两者之间的关系,生长诱导的不稳定性和物质的机械行为。
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引用次数: 0
Morphogenesis through elastic phase separation in a pneumatic surface 气动表面通过弹性相分离形成形态
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.43
Emmanuel Si'efert, B. Roman
We report a phenomenon of phase separation that relates in many aspects to Yves Couder's work: an inflatable architectured elastomer plate, expected to expand homogeneously in its plane, buckles instead widely out-of-plane into very complex shape when internal pressure is applied. We show that this morphogenetic pattern formation is due to a two-dimensional elastic phase separation, which induces incompatible patchy non-Euclidean reference metric.
我们报告了一种与Yves Couder的工作在许多方面相关的相分离现象:一个可充气的结构弹性体板,期望在其平面内均匀膨胀,当施加内部压力时,却在平面外广泛弯曲成非常复杂的形状。我们发现这种形态模式的形成是由于二维弹性相分离,这导致不相容的斑块非欧几里得参考度量。
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引用次数: 2
Yves Couder: Putting mechanics back into the shoot apical meristem 伊夫·库德:将机制重新引入茎尖分生组织
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.19
J. Traas, O. Hamant
In 2008, we published an article proposing that the microtubular cytoskeleton in plants use maximal tensile stress directions to guide organ growth [1]. Yves Couder was instrumental in that project. Here are some memories and prospects from this collaborative and interdisciplinary endeavor.
2008年,我们发表了一篇文章,提出植物微管细胞骨架利用最大拉应力方向引导器官生长[1]。伊夫·库德在这个项目中发挥了重要作用。以下是这次跨学科合作的一些回忆和展望。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the relation between apical growth, organ formation and cell wall mechanics across land plant species 探讨陆地植物的顶端生长、器官形成和细胞壁力学之间的关系
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.28
A. Peaucelle
The rapid cell growth that is associated with the formation of new lateral organs in the shoot apical meristem was linked to an increase in cell wall elasticity but not viscosity in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the generality of this puzzling relationship, we explored in seven plant species, covering a wide diversity across land plants, the changes in mechanical properties of the cell walls that occur during organ formation. We show that, despite the considerable variation in cell wall composition among the species tested, a drop in cell wall stiffness systematically accompanied primordia formation. We also observed that meristem activity correlates with cell wall elasticity in three species. Thus it seems that cell wall elasticity and growth rate in the meristem are correlated across the land plants.
在植物模型拟南芥中,与茎尖分生组织中新的侧边器官形成相关的快速细胞生长与细胞壁弹性的增加有关,但与黏度无关。为了研究这种令人困惑的关系的普遍性,我们研究了七种植物物种,涵盖了陆地植物的广泛多样性,在器官形成过程中发生的细胞壁力学特性的变化。我们表明,尽管在所测试的物种中细胞壁组成有相当大的差异,但细胞壁刚度的下降系统地伴随着原基的形成。我们还观察到三种物种的分生组织活性与细胞壁弹性相关。因此,分生组织的细胞壁弹性和生长速率似乎在陆地植物中具有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Shape dynamics of rotating polygons on the surface of liquid nitrogen in a Leidenfrost state Leidenfrost状态下液氮表面旋转多边形的形状动力学
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.24
Jacob Bach, A. Duchesne, T. Bohr
When liquid nitrogen is set into rotation in a warm pot, the surface, initially forming an axissymmetrical, toroidal shape, spontaneously re-structures into a series of rotating polygons with a diminishing number of corners, while slowing down. This spontaneous “ordering” occurs despite the violently turbulent and boiling state of the fluid. We show experimentally that these shapes are well-described as a sum of a few Fourier modes, and we present experimental results for the development of the frequencies and amplitudes of these wave-modes during the transient process. We compare our results with the theoretical results for the instabilities of a potential vortex flow and argue that the first polygon formed in the transient process should be described by this theory. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Yves Couder, colleague, friend and a life-long source of inspiration. Résumé. Dans cet article nous nous intéressons au cas d’un volume d’azote liquide en état de caléfaction mis en rotation dans un récipient cylindrique chauffé. La surface libre du liquide, initialement sous forme d’un tore axisymétrique, va se déstabiliser et se restructurer en une série de polygones tournants dont le nombre de côtés diminue à mesure que le liquide ralentit. Ce facettage apparaît spontanément alors même que le liquide connait une violente ébullition et un écoulement extrêmement turbulent. Nous démontrons expérimentalement que les formes observées peuvent être décrites par la combinaison d’un petit nombre de modes de Fourier et nous étudions l’évolution de ces modes en termes d’amplitude et de fréquence depuis le premier polygone visible jusqu’à la fin de la rotation du liquide. Nous comparons nos résultats expérimentaux avec un modèle théorique décrivant la perte de stabilité des écoulements de type vortex potentiel et nous soutenons que le premier polygone observable suite à la déstabilisation de la forme axisymétrique peut être décrit par ce modèle. Cet article est dédié à la mémoire d’Yves Couder qui fut pour nous un collègue, un ami et une intarissable source d’inspiration.
当液氮在一个温暖的锅中旋转时,表面最初形成一个轴对称的环形,自发地重新结构成一系列旋转的多边形,角的数量越来越少,同时减速。尽管流体处于剧烈的湍流和沸腾状态,这种自发的“排序”还是会发生。我们通过实验证明,这些形状可以很好地描述为几个傅立叶模态的总和,并且我们提出了这些波模态在瞬态过程中频率和振幅发展的实验结果。我们将结果与势涡不稳定性的理论结果进行了比较,并认为在瞬态过程中形成的第一个多边形应该用该理论来描述。这篇论文是为了纪念伊夫·库德,他是我的同事、朋友和一生的灵感来源。的简历。第2条规定:在 液体液体体积和液体体积之间的交换,在液体液体体积和液体液体体积之间的交换,在液体液体体积和液体液体体积之间的交换。La surface libre du liquide,初始化sous form d 'un tore axisymsamtrique, va se dsamri稳定器和se restructorator in une ssamriride polygones流动者不允许使用nombre de côtés减少conmesure que le liquident。自动调制器自动调制器même有液体调制器,有暴力调制器,有震荡调制器,有震荡调制器extrêmement。目前的情况是,在实验过程中,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况下,已观察到的情况。有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较,没有比较的比较。这篇文章测试了伊夫·库德(yves Couder)的职业生涯中,他的职业生涯中有很多的同事,他们是一个无形的灵感来源。
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引用次数: 1
Walkers in a wave field with memory 波场中有记忆的行尸
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.5802/crmeca.29
O. Devauchelle, E. Lajeunesse, F. James, C. Josserand, P. Lagrée
Couder et al. [1] discovered that the behavior of droplets bouncing on a vibrated bath mimics a variety of quantum phenomena, through their coupling with a Faraday wave. Here, we introduce a continuous model inspired from this experiment, which encapsulates its essential features into a system of three simple differential equations. We show, numerically and analytically, the existence of self-propelled walkers in this framework. Finally, making use of the model’s familiar formulation, we suggest that a particle coupled with a propagating wave, instead of a standing one, behaves much like a bouncing droplet.
Couder等人[1]发现水滴在振动槽上的弹跳行为通过与法拉第波的耦合模拟了多种量子现象。在这里,我们从这个实验中得到启发,引入一个连续模型,它将其基本特征封装到一个由三个简单微分方程组成的系统中。在这个框架中,我们用数值和分析的方法展示了自动行走机器人的存在。最后,利用我们熟悉的模型公式,我们认为一个粒子与传播波耦合,而不是与静止波耦合,其行为更像一个弹跳的液滴。
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引用次数: 3
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Comptes Rendus Mecanique
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