Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a45
Anna Kozłowska
Most upper Homerian and Ludfordian retiolitines have a tubarium with hexagonal meshes and a zigzag pattern in the middle part of their lateral walls, a shallow ancora umbrella, and a free nema. Hoffmanigraptus varsoviensis n. gen., n. sp. is described from isolated, three-dimensional material, from the upper part of the Colonograptus praedeubeli Biozone (upper Homerian, Silurian) of Poland, Baltica, and represents one of the earliest forms with this construction. This type of tubarium is represented by the upper Homerian Doliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2002 and Spinograptus Bouček & Münch, 1952, differing from Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. mainly in larger proximal lateral orifices, pattern of clathrial lists on lateral walls, as well as size and shape of tubaria. Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. has a tubarium widening medially, tapering towards the distal end and forming a finite tubarium, with a possible three-vaned nematularium. Flattened specimens Plectograptus? ovatus Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001 and Plectograptus? karlsteinensis Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001, preserved on a rock surface from the Barrandian area are assigned to the new genus. They are of the same upper Homerian age, and show the main features of the new form. Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. is regarded as an early member of the Plectograptus clade.
大多数上荷马时代和卢德福尔时代的雷石器在其侧壁的中部有一个六边形网格和锯齿图案的管腔，一个浅的安科拉伞和一个自由的nema。Hoffmanigraptus varsoviensis n. gen.， n. sp.是从波罗的海波兰的Colonograptus praedeubeli生物带(上荷马纪，志留纪)上部的孤立的三维材料中描述的，代表了这种结构的最早形式之一。这种类型的管腔以上Homerian Doliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk(2002)和Spinograptus bou & m nch(1952)为代表，与Hoffmanigraptus n. gen的不同之处主要在于更大的近侧孔、侧壁上的网状结构模式以及管腔的大小和形状。Hoffmanigraptus n. gen.有一个中间变宽的管状体，向远端逐渐变细，形成一个有限的管状体，可能有一个三叶片的线虫状体。扁平标本?ovatus Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001和Plectograptus?karlsteinensis Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001，保存在Barrandian地区的岩石表面，被归为新属。它们都属于上荷马时代，并表现出新形态的主要特征。Hoffmanigraptus n. gen被认为是Plectograptus分支的早期成员。
{"title":"Hoffmanigraptus n. gen., a new retiolitine (Graptolithina), an early member of the Plectograptus lineage from the Silurian of Baltica, Poland","authors":"Anna Kozłowska","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a45","url":null,"abstract":"Most upper Homerian and Ludfordian retiolitines have a tubarium with hexagonal meshes and a zigzag pattern in the middle part of their lateral walls, a shallow ancora umbrella, and a free nema. Hoffmanigraptus varsoviensis n. gen., n. sp. is described from isolated, three-dimensional material, from the upper part of the Colonograptus praedeubeli Biozone (upper Homerian, Silurian) of Poland, Baltica, and represents one of the earliest forms with this construction. This type of tubarium is represented by the upper Homerian Doliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2002 and Spinograptus Bouček & Münch, 1952, differing from Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. mainly in larger proximal lateral orifices, pattern of clathrial lists on lateral walls, as well as size and shape of tubaria. Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. has a tubarium widening medially, tapering towards the distal end and forming a finite tubarium, with a possible three-vaned nematularium. Flattened specimens Plectograptus? ovatus Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001 and Plectograptus? karlsteinensis Kozłowska, Lenz & Štorch, 2001, preserved on a rock surface from the Barrandian area are assigned to the new genus. They are of the same upper Homerian age, and show the main features of the new form. Hoffmanigraptus n. gen. is regarded as an early member of the Plectograptus clade.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74729809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a44
P. Ramírez, undefined Rodrigo de BALBÍN BEHRMANN
The documentation of Palaeolithic art in the open air, together with direct dates for parietal art and the study of territories marked by the last hunter groups in southern Europe, supports new interpretations of Palaeolithic art and its continuity in the early Holocene. We provide updated information about the graphic representations in that time of transition, grouped under the term Style V. We also reflect on the chronological framework of some themes and techniques for which dates are available, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic. These topics reveal the strength of the Palaeolithic background in more recent versions of prehistoric art, especially the schematic art associated with the first farmers. These new considerations are added to the presence of Palaeolithic and Post-Palaeolithic art throughout Europe and all over the world, which shows how symbols are social traits of communication associated with human groups. The study of connections through these archaeological items, with their undeniable materiality, is a future challenge that will undoubtedly produce interesting results.
{"title":"The end of the Ice Age in southern Europe: Iberian images in the Palaeolithic to Post-Palaeolithic transition","authors":"P. Ramírez, undefined Rodrigo de BALBÍN BEHRMANN","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a44","url":null,"abstract":"The documentation of Palaeolithic art in the open air, together with direct dates for parietal art and the study of territories marked by the last hunter groups in southern Europe, supports new interpretations of Palaeolithic art and its continuity in the early Holocene. We provide updated information about the graphic representations in that time of transition, grouped under the term Style V. We also reflect on the chronological framework of some themes and techniques for which dates are available, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic. These topics reveal the strength of the Palaeolithic background in more recent versions of prehistoric art, especially the schematic art associated with the first farmers. These new considerations are added to the presence of Palaeolithic and Post-Palaeolithic art throughout Europe and all over the world, which shows how symbols are social traits of communication associated with human groups. The study of connections through these archaeological items, with their undeniable materiality, is a future challenge that will undoubtedly produce interesting results.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86010283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a43
C. Milanesi, R. Vignani, M. Scali, C. Faleri, M. D. Donne, M. Cresti, L. Costantini
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main domesticated cereals. For this reason, barley seeds have been found in numerous archaeological sites, and since the mid-19th century have been available in numerous natural museum collections. About a hundred years ago samples were collected in the African countries of Eritrea and Cyrenaica (now Libya), and have been preserved as ex-situ in the museum collection “L’Orientale” of the University of Naples. The varieties of contemporary barley selected for comparative analysis were grown in Tuscany and are used in the production of craft beer. To ascertain their vitality, the ancient and contemporary seeds were placed in Petri dishes to hydrate under a sterile hood at room temperature after a sterilization procedure. Morphological and ultrastructural observations performed on the aleurone cells of the ancient samples presented vital cells. The extraction and purification of DNA from seeds produced results while the genotype comparison of ancient and contemporary barley varieties enabled the construction of a dendrogram of similarity, useful in describing barley from museum genetic heritage collections and in providing a molecular imprint of extant varieties.
{"title":"A comparison of aleurone cells in centenarian African and contemporary barley seeds to identify the geographic origin","authors":"C. Milanesi, R. Vignani, M. Scali, C. Faleri, M. D. Donne, M. Cresti, L. Costantini","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a43","url":null,"abstract":"Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main domesticated cereals. For this reason, barley seeds have been found in numerous archaeological sites, and since the mid-19th century have been available in numerous natural museum collections. About a hundred years ago samples were collected in the African countries of Eritrea and Cyrenaica (now Libya), and have been preserved as ex-situ in the museum collection “L’Orientale” of the University of Naples. The varieties of contemporary barley selected for comparative analysis were grown in Tuscany and are used in the production of craft beer. To ascertain their vitality, the ancient and contemporary seeds were placed in Petri dishes to hydrate under a sterile hood at room temperature after a sterilization procedure. Morphological and ultrastructural observations performed on the aleurone cells of the ancient samples presented vital cells. The extraction and purification of DNA from seeds produced results while the genotype comparison of ancient and contemporary barley varieties enabled the construction of a dendrogram of similarity, useful in describing barley from museum genetic heritage collections and in providing a molecular imprint of extant varieties.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85194690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a42
Arturo de Lombera-Hermida, Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, A. Iglésias, Mikel Díaz Rodríguez, undefined Iván REY-RODRÍGUEZ, Irene Valverde Tejedor, A. Pérez-Alberti, P. P. Cunha, Hugo Bal García, Xes Aldea Moreira, Cristian Lorenzo Salgueiro, Tania Mosquera Castro, R. F. Valcarce
Iberia, a natural cul-de-sac peninsula, plays a major role in the study of the Neanderthals demise and its eventual relationship with the spread of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in Europe. The site of Cova Eirós (Galicia, Spain), located in NW Iberia, contains Middle and Upper Palaeolithic levels, based on the cultural remains recovered at the site. No human remains directly associated with those levels were discovered yet. The available radiocarbon dates from the levels 2 (c. 35 ka cal BP, Early Upper Paleolithic) and 3 (c. 41 ka cal BP, Late Middle Paleolithic), point to a late survival of Neanderthal groups in North Iberia and to a relative quick arrival of the AMH, c. 35-36 ka cal BP, with respect to other territories of the Iberian Peninsula. The archaeological record shows clear differences between the Middle and the Upper Palaeolithic occupations, regarding raw-material acquisition, lithic technology and subsistence strategies. The location of Cova Eirós in the westernmost margin of the Cantabrian Rim and in the Atlantic Façade, makes this site a key place to understand the spread of the first AMH and the progressive demise of Neanderthal populations.
伊比利亚是一个天然的死胡同半岛，在尼安德特人的灭绝及其与解剖学上的现代人(AMH)在欧洲传播的最终关系的研究中发挥了重要作用。Cova遗址Eirós(西班牙加利西亚)位于伊比利亚西北部，根据在该遗址发现的文化遗迹，包含了旧石器时代中期和晚期的水平。目前还没有发现与这些水平直接相关的人类遗骸。现有的放射性碳测年水平为2级(约35 ka cal BP，旧石器时代早期)和3级(约41 ka cal BP，旧石器时代晚期)，表明尼安德特人在伊比利亚北部的生存时间较晚，而相对于伊比利亚半岛的其他地区，AMH人的到来时间相对较短，约35-36 ka cal BP。考古记录显示，在原材料获取、石器技术和生存策略方面，旧石器时代中期和晚期的职业存在明显差异。Cova Eirós位于坎塔布里亚边缘的最西端和大西洋边缘，这使得这个地点成为了解第一个AMH传播和尼安德特人种群逐渐消亡的关键地点。
{"title":"Between two worlds: Cova Eirós and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in NW Iberia","authors":"Arturo de Lombera-Hermida, Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, A. Iglésias, Mikel Díaz Rodríguez, undefined Iván REY-RODRÍGUEZ, Irene Valverde Tejedor, A. Pérez-Alberti, P. P. Cunha, Hugo Bal García, Xes Aldea Moreira, Cristian Lorenzo Salgueiro, Tania Mosquera Castro, R. F. Valcarce","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a42","url":null,"abstract":"Iberia, a natural cul-de-sac peninsula, plays a major role in the study of the Neanderthals demise and its eventual relationship with the spread of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in Europe. The site of Cova Eirós (Galicia, Spain), located in NW Iberia, contains Middle and Upper Palaeolithic levels, based on the cultural remains recovered at the site. No human remains directly associated with those levels were discovered yet. The available radiocarbon dates from the levels 2 (c. 35 ka cal BP, Early Upper Paleolithic) and 3 (c. 41 ka cal BP, Late Middle Paleolithic), point to a late survival of Neanderthal groups in North Iberia and to a relative quick arrival of the AMH, c. 35-36 ka cal BP, with respect to other territories of the Iberian Peninsula. The archaeological record shows clear differences between the Middle and the Upper Palaeolithic occupations, regarding raw-material acquisition, lithic technology and subsistence strategies. The location of Cova Eirós in the westernmost margin of the Cantabrian Rim and in the Atlantic Façade, makes this site a key place to understand the spread of the first AMH and the progressive demise of Neanderthal populations.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74709366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a41
V. Delvigne, P. Fernandes, P. Noiret
Petro-archaeological analysis of the lithic industry of the Lower Paleolithic of La Belle-Roche cave (Sprimont, Belgium), according to the grids developed in recent years by various research programs in France, allows a new reading of this industry. Although the anthropic character of certain objects seems well-estabilished, their accumulation in the deposit remains problematic. In this respect, the taphonomic and weathering analysis of the industry raises questions about the origin of the deposit, the age of the industry and the notion of “site”: is the “La Belle-Roche site” as a prehistorian or prehistoric construction?
{"title":"Quand la pétroarchéologie questionne la notion de site : états de surface et taphonomie des objets lithiques de La Belle-Roche (Sprimont, Prov. de Liège, Belgique)","authors":"V. Delvigne, P. Fernandes, P. Noiret","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a41","url":null,"abstract":"Petro-archaeological analysis of the lithic industry of the Lower Paleolithic of La Belle-Roche cave (Sprimont, Belgium), according to the grids developed in recent years by various research programs in France, allows a new reading of this industry. Although the anthropic character of certain objects seems well-estabilished, their accumulation in the deposit remains problematic. In this respect, the taphonomic and weathering analysis of the industry raises questions about the origin of the deposit, the age of the industry and the notion of “site”: is the “La Belle-Roche site” as a prehistorian or prehistoric construction?","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a39
Apolline Alfsen, M. Bosselaers, O. Lambert
In spite of a continuously expanding physeteroid fossil record, our understanding of the origin and early radiation of the two modern sperm whale families Kogiidae Gill, 1871 (including the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, Kogia spp.) and Physeteridae Gray, 1821 (including the great sperm whale, Physeter Linnaeus, 1758) remains limited, especially due to the poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships of a number of extinct species. Among those, based on fragmentary cranial material from the late early to middle Miocene of Antwerp (Belgium, North Sea basin), the small-sized Thalassocetus antwerpiensis Abel, 1905 has been recognized for some time as the earliest branching kogiid. The discovery of a new diminutive physeteroid cranium from the late Miocene (Tortonian) of Antwerp leads to the description and comparison of a close relative of T. antwerpiensis. Thanks to the relatively young ontogenetic stage of this new specimen, the highly modified plate-like bones making the floor of its supracranial basin could be individually removed, a fact that greatly helped deciphering their identity and geometry. Close morphological similarities with T. antwerpiensis allow for the reassessment of several facial structures in the latter; the most important reinterpretation is the one of a crest-like structure, previously identified as a sagittal facial crest, typical for kogiids, and here revised as the left posterolateral wall of the supracranial basin, comprised of the left nasal (lost in kogiids for which the postnarial region is known) and the left maxilla. Implemented in a phylogenetic analysis, the new anatomical interpretations result in the new Belgian specimen and T. antwerpiensis being recovered as sister-groups in the family Physeteridae. Consequently, the geologically oldest kogiids are now dated from the Tortonian, further extending the ghost lineage separating these early late Miocene kogiid records from the estimated latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene divergence of kogiids and physeterids.
{"title":"New sperm whale remains from the late Miocene of the North Sea and a revised family attribution for the small crown physeteroid Thalassocetus Abel, 1905","authors":"Apolline Alfsen, M. Bosselaers, O. Lambert","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a39","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of a continuously expanding physeteroid fossil record, our understanding of the origin and early radiation of the two modern sperm whale families Kogiidae Gill, 1871 (including the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, Kogia spp.) and Physeteridae Gray, 1821 (including the great sperm whale, Physeter Linnaeus, 1758) remains limited, especially due to the poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships of a number of extinct species. Among those, based on fragmentary cranial material from the late early to middle Miocene of Antwerp (Belgium, North Sea basin), the small-sized Thalassocetus antwerpiensis Abel, 1905 has been recognized for some time as the earliest branching kogiid. The discovery of a new diminutive physeteroid cranium from the late Miocene (Tortonian) of Antwerp leads to the description and comparison of a close relative of T. antwerpiensis. Thanks to the relatively young ontogenetic stage of this new specimen, the highly modified plate-like bones making the floor of its supracranial basin could be individually removed, a fact that greatly helped deciphering their identity and geometry. Close morphological similarities with T. antwerpiensis allow for the reassessment of several facial structures in the latter; the most important reinterpretation is the one of a crest-like structure, previously identified as a sagittal facial crest, typical for kogiids, and here revised as the left posterolateral wall of the supracranial basin, comprised of the left nasal (lost in kogiids for which the postnarial region is known) and the left maxilla. Implemented in a phylogenetic analysis, the new anatomical interpretations result in the new Belgian specimen and T. antwerpiensis being recovered as sister-groups in the family Physeteridae. Consequently, the geologically oldest kogiids are now dated from the Tortonian, further extending the ghost lineage separating these early late Miocene kogiid records from the estimated latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene divergence of kogiids and physeterids.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79713446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a37
Laurence. Bourguignon, I. Conte, Millán Mozota Holgueras, Frédéric Blaser
Le niveau moustérien de la Doline de Cantalouette 2, d’âge moyen de 60 000 ans est remarquable par sa richesse, sa composition et sa structuration récurrente des activités dans l’espace (Bourguignon et al. 2008). Il livre également une gamme d’instruments lithiques utilisés en percussion lancée. Outre une panoplie importante des percuteurs de taille (sur galets de quartz, éclats ou nucléus de silex), des éclats massifs en silex ont également été utilisés selon ce mode d’action pour des opérations de traitement de matériaux périssables tels les carcasses animales ou les végétaux. C’est exclusivement sur ces derniers modes de fonctionnement que nous orientons notre article. Les activités de production de ce Moustérien récent participent essentiellement d’un débitage algorithmique mettant en œuvre des séries unipolaires récurrentes, obtenues selon des plans de fracturation subparallèles aux dépens d’une ou de plusieurs surfaces. Des éclats épais, présentant souvent une asymétrie latérale sont obtenus à partir d’un ou plusieurs plans de frappe circonscrits (opposés ou perpendiculaires) et très rarement aménagés. Plus rarement, un débitage Levallois à éclat préférentiel, orienté vers une exportation des produits est également mis en œuvre. La production principale est quasi exclusivement réalisée pour une utilisation immédiate des éclats, distante du poste de taille, avec ou sans aménagement des parties actives et préhensives par la retouche (Bourguignon et al. 2008). C’est parmi cette production qu’une sélection d’éclats massifs aisément préhensibles à mains nues, souvent issus des premières étapes de la chaîne opératoire (corticaux), s’opère pour leur utilisation en percussion lancée. Sur la base d’une sélection macroscopique de tranchants (souvent bruts) présentant des stigmates d’écrasement, d’arrachement ou d’esquillement, une lecture fonctionnelle a été réalisée selon la méthodologie analytique développée par Semenov (1964). S’agissant d’objets de grandes dimensions, des répliques sur papier acétate ont été réalisées afin de permettre un examen au microscope. Deux registres d’activité en percussion lancée ont été déterminés, l’un orienté vers des travaux de boucherie, l’autre vers le travail du bois. Pour ce qui est des activités de boucherie, ces gros éclats massifs ont été utilisés comme des fendoirs, couperets ou feuilles de boucher. Sur les bords de ces instruments sont documentés de grands enlèvements résultant du choc sur les ossements durant la désarticulation ou le dépeçage des animaux. Les matières végétales dures, semi-dures et ligneuses ont quant à elles également été travaillées en percussion lancée, essentiellement dans l’objectif de les dégrossir. Certaines pièces de très grandes dimensions suggèrent une prise à deux mains et, dans ce cas, un seul fil de tranchant est utilisé. Sur les autres pièces, de moins grandes dimensions, pouvant être tenues avec une seule main, le nombre de parties actives est plus important (au moins deux).
Cantalouette Doline 2的麝香水平，平均年龄为6万年，因其丰富程度、组成和空间活动的反复结构而引人注目(Bourguignon et al. 2008)。它还提供了一系列用于投掷打击的岩石乐器。除了大量的切割冲击器(在石英卵石、燧石碎片或燧石核上)，大量的燧石碎片也被用于处理易腐材料，如动物或植物的尸体。我们的文章专门针对后一种操作模式。这种新型mousteren的生产活动主要涉及算法切割，使用重复单极序列，以牺牲一个或多个表面为代价，通过亚平行压裂计划获得。厚的碎片，通常具有横向不对称，是由一个或多个有限的(相对的或垂直的)打击平面获得的，很少安排。更罕见的是，Levallois切割具有优惠的闪光，以出口产品为导向。主要的生产几乎完全是为了立即使用碎片，远离切割站，有或没有主动和抓取部分的修饰(Bourguignon et al. 2008)。在这些作品中，选择了大量的碎片，很容易用手抓住，通常来自操作链的第一步(皮质)，用于投掷打击。根据Semenov(1964)开发的分析方法，通过宏观选择带有压痕、撕裂或剪切痕迹的边缘(通常是粗糙的)进行功能读数。对于较大的物体，在醋酸纸上制作了复制品，以便在显微镜下检查。确定了两种发射冲击活动的记录，一种是针对屠夫的，另一种是针对木工的。在屠宰活动中，这些巨大的碎片被用作开槽、切刀或切刀片。在这些仪器的边缘，记录了在拆卸或切割动物时，由于撞击骨头而产生的大隆起。硬的、半硬的和木质的植物材料也被加工成冲击剂，主要是为了使它们变粗。一些非常大的部件建议使用双手握把，在这种情况下，只使用一根锋利的线。对于其他较小的部件，可以用一只手握住，活动部件的数量更多(至少两个)。这些活性部分通常是有齿的(或多或少大的凹槽修饰或未修饰)，其中使用的抛光集中。在某些情况下，这些齿列最初是固定的，但也可能是由于在冲击过程中对材料的冲击造成的。因此，这两种活动记录将在这里详细说明和说明与每一种活动有关的习惯和礼貌的耻辱。
{"title":"De l’utilisation en percussion lancée d’éclats bruts massifs dans les activités de boucherie et travail du bois : le niveau moustérien de la Doline de Cantalouette 2 (Dordogne, France)","authors":"Laurence. Bourguignon, I. Conte, Millán Mozota Holgueras, Frédéric Blaser","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a37","url":null,"abstract":"Le niveau moustérien de la Doline de Cantalouette 2, d’âge moyen de 60 000 ans est remarquable par sa richesse, sa composition et sa structuration récurrente des activités dans l’espace (Bourguignon et al. 2008). Il livre également une gamme d’instruments lithiques utilisés en percussion lancée. Outre une panoplie importante des percuteurs de taille (sur galets de quartz, éclats ou nucléus de silex), des éclats massifs en silex ont également été utilisés selon ce mode d’action pour des opérations de traitement de matériaux périssables tels les carcasses animales ou les végétaux. C’est exclusivement sur ces derniers modes de fonctionnement que nous orientons notre article. Les activités de production de ce Moustérien récent participent essentiellement d’un débitage algorithmique mettant en œuvre des séries unipolaires récurrentes, obtenues selon des plans de fracturation subparallèles aux dépens d’une ou de plusieurs surfaces. Des éclats épais, présentant souvent une asymétrie latérale sont obtenus à partir d’un ou plusieurs plans de frappe circonscrits (opposés ou perpendiculaires) et très rarement aménagés. Plus rarement, un débitage Levallois à éclat préférentiel, orienté vers une exportation des produits est également mis en œuvre. La production principale est quasi exclusivement réalisée pour une utilisation immédiate des éclats, distante du poste de taille, avec ou sans aménagement des parties actives et préhensives par la retouche (Bourguignon et al. 2008). C’est parmi cette production qu’une sélection d’éclats massifs aisément préhensibles à mains nues, souvent issus des premières étapes de la chaîne opératoire (corticaux), s’opère pour leur utilisation en percussion lancée. Sur la base d’une sélection macroscopique de tranchants (souvent bruts) présentant des stigmates d’écrasement, d’arrachement ou d’esquillement, une lecture fonctionnelle a été réalisée selon la méthodologie analytique développée par Semenov (1964). S’agissant d’objets de grandes dimensions, des répliques sur papier acétate ont été réalisées afin de permettre un examen au microscope. Deux registres d’activité en percussion lancée ont été déterminés, l’un orienté vers des travaux de boucherie, l’autre vers le travail du bois. Pour ce qui est des activités de boucherie, ces gros éclats massifs ont été utilisés comme des fendoirs, couperets ou feuilles de boucher. Sur les bords de ces instruments sont documentés de grands enlèvements résultant du choc sur les ossements durant la désarticulation ou le dépeçage des animaux. Les matières végétales dures, semi-dures et ligneuses ont quant à elles également été travaillées en percussion lancée, essentiellement dans l’objectif de les dégrossir. Certaines pièces de très grandes dimensions suggèrent une prise à deux mains et, dans ce cas, un seul fil de tranchant est utilisé. Sur les autres pièces, de moins grandes dimensions, pouvant être tenues avec une seule main, le nombre de parties actives est plus important (au moins deux).","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"86 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87685553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.5852/CR-PALEVOL2021V20A36
undefined Lawrence Guy Straus, undefined Manuel R. González Morales
{"title":"“Poor” archeological levels not to be forgotten: units of Middle and early Upper Magdalenian age in El Mirón Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria, Spain)","authors":"undefined Lawrence Guy Straus, undefined Manuel R. González Morales","doi":"10.5852/CR-PALEVOL2021V20A36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/CR-PALEVOL2021V20A36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a35
M. Mango, undefined Guillermo L. Albanesi
Conodonts from the upper La Silla (9.6 m thick) and San Juan formations (264.7 m thick) at the Cerro La Silla section are analyzed for the identification of faunal dynamics, biofacies and sea-level changes. The conodont collection of 11 388 specimens was recovered after digestion of 41 samples of carbonate rocks, totalizing 88.155 kg. Conodont total abundance and generic diversity graphs, as well as cluster analysis, reveal seven biofacies. The Colaptoconus, Tropodus-Reutterodus, Oepikodus-Prioniodus, Juanognathus-Bergstroemognathus, Juanognathus-Oepikodus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Semiacontiodus biofacies are determined. These biofacies represent middle to outer carbonate ramp environments for the San Juan Formation. The associated analysis of biofacies and lithology allow for the recognition of two transgressive events in the San Juan Formation at the Cerro La Silla section, which could be related to transgressive systems tracts (TST) that occurred during the Early and Middle Ordovician (middle Tremadocian-early Dapingian).
分析了Cerro La Silla剖面上La Silla组(9.6 m厚)和San Juan组(264.7 m厚)的牙形刺，以确定动物动态、生物相和海平面变化。对碳酸盐岩样品41件进行消化后，回收牙形石标本11 388件，总重量为88.155 kg。牙形石总丰度和属多样性图以及聚类分析显示了7种生物相。确定了Colaptoconus、Tropodus-Reutterodus、Oepikodus-Prioniodus、Juanognathus-Bergstroemognathus、Juanognathus-Oepikodus-Protopanderodus、Juanognathus-Protopanderodus、Juanognathus-Semiacontiodus生物相。这些生物相代表了圣胡安组中至外碳酸盐岩斜坡环境。通过生物相和岩性分析，确定了Cerro La Silla剖面圣胡安组的两次海侵事件，可能与早、中奥陶世(特雷马多世—大平世早期)的海侵体系域(TST)有关。
{"title":"Ordovician conodont biofacies of the upper La Silla and San Juan formations (middle Tremadocian-lower Dapingian) at Cerro La Silla, Argentine Precordillera","authors":"M. Mango, undefined Guillermo L. Albanesi","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a35","url":null,"abstract":"Conodonts from the upper La Silla (9.6 m thick) and San Juan formations (264.7 m thick) at the Cerro La Silla section are analyzed for the identification of faunal dynamics, biofacies and sea-level changes. The conodont collection of 11 388 specimens was recovered after digestion of 41 samples of carbonate rocks, totalizing 88.155 kg. Conodont total abundance and generic diversity graphs, as well as cluster analysis, reveal seven biofacies. The Colaptoconus, Tropodus-Reutterodus, Oepikodus-Prioniodus, Juanognathus-Bergstroemognathus, Juanognathus-Oepikodus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Protopanderodus, Juanognathus-Semiacontiodus biofacies are determined. These biofacies represent middle to outer carbonate ramp environments for the San Juan Formation. The associated analysis of biofacies and lithology allow for the recognition of two transgressive events in the San Juan Formation at the Cerro La Silla section, which could be related to transgressive systems tracts (TST) that occurred during the Early and Middle Ordovician (middle Tremadocian-early Dapingian).","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91202365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a34
undefined Maria Barbacka, undefined Artur Górecki, undefined Jadwiga Ziaja, undefined Agata Jarzynka, Grzegorz Pacyna
The flora of the Cianowice 2 borehole (c. 20 km NW of Cracow, Poland), dominated by cycadophytes (mainly bennettitaleans) and conifers, shows high taxonomic diversity relative to the low number of specimens. Twenty species were identified in the 96 determinable plant fragments found in 27 core samples: Cladophlebis sp. (ferns), Pachypteris rhomboidalis (Ettingshausen) Nathorst and Ptilozamites cycadea (Berger) Möller (seed ferns), Anomozamites nilssonii (Phillips) Seward, Nilssoniopteris solitaria (Phillips) Cleal & Rees, Otozamites mimetes Harris, Otozamites parallelus Phillips, Pterophyllum thomasii Harris, Pterophyllum cf. aequale (Brongniart) Nathorst, Ptilophyllum cf. okribense forma ratchiana Doludenko & Svanidze, Ptilophyllum pecten Phillips, Ptilophyllum sirkennethii Watson & Sincock, Cycadolepis sp. (bennettitaleans), Pseudotorellia grojecensis Reymanówna, Pseudotorellia samylinae Nosova & Kiritchkova, Pseudotorellia sp. (Gymnospermae incertae sedis), Bilsdalea dura Harris, Mirovia szaferi Reymanówna, and Brachyphyllum stemonium Kendall (conifers). The floristic composition is supplemented by palynological data. The taxa were connected to five depositional successions distinguished along the core: one, alluvial fans; two, four and five, meandering/anastomosing river depositional systems with fluvial plain deposits; and three, lacustrine/backswamp environment developed on fluvial plain. The composition of the fossil plant assemblage changes with the depositional setting within the same range of taxa, seen mainly in changed combinations of taxa, which are most diverse in the fluvial plain deposits. Some taxa occur in a single depositional succession; some are present in two or three. The sporomorph assemblages of particular depositional environments differ significantly from the composition of the co-occurring macroflora: ferns occur sporadically in the macroflora of each depositional environment but they strongly dominate the sporomorph assemblage. Our proposed reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment is a slight rise descending into a valley with a depositionary basin, with gymnosperms on the slope and ferns at the base. Some species are shared between Cianowice and nearby Middle Jurassic localities in Grojec and Zabierzów, and the majority of taxa are known from the Middle Jurassic, suggesting that the Cianowice deposits are of that age.
{"title":"Macrofloral and microfloral changes in the Middle Jurassic plant assemblages of the Cianowice 2 borehole (southern Poland)","authors":"undefined Maria Barbacka, undefined Artur Górecki, undefined Jadwiga Ziaja, undefined Agata Jarzynka, Grzegorz Pacyna","doi":"10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a34","url":null,"abstract":"The flora of the Cianowice 2 borehole (c. 20 km NW of Cracow, Poland), dominated by cycadophytes (mainly bennettitaleans) and conifers, shows high taxonomic diversity relative to the low number of specimens. Twenty species were identified in the 96 determinable plant fragments found in 27 core samples: Cladophlebis sp. (ferns), Pachypteris rhomboidalis (Ettingshausen) Nathorst and Ptilozamites cycadea (Berger) Möller (seed ferns), Anomozamites nilssonii (Phillips) Seward, Nilssoniopteris solitaria (Phillips) Cleal & Rees, Otozamites mimetes Harris, Otozamites parallelus Phillips, Pterophyllum thomasii Harris, Pterophyllum cf. aequale (Brongniart) Nathorst, Ptilophyllum cf. okribense forma ratchiana Doludenko & Svanidze, Ptilophyllum pecten Phillips, Ptilophyllum sirkennethii Watson & Sincock, Cycadolepis sp. (bennettitaleans), Pseudotorellia grojecensis Reymanówna, Pseudotorellia samylinae Nosova & Kiritchkova, Pseudotorellia sp. (Gymnospermae incertae sedis), Bilsdalea dura Harris, Mirovia szaferi Reymanówna, and Brachyphyllum stemonium Kendall (conifers). The floristic composition is supplemented by palynological data. The taxa were connected to five depositional successions distinguished along the core: one, alluvial fans; two, four and five, meandering/anastomosing river depositional systems with fluvial plain deposits; and three, lacustrine/backswamp environment developed on fluvial plain. The composition of the fossil plant assemblage changes with the depositional setting within the same range of taxa, seen mainly in changed combinations of taxa, which are most diverse in the fluvial plain deposits. Some taxa occur in a single depositional succession; some are present in two or three. The sporomorph assemblages of particular depositional environments differ significantly from the composition of the co-occurring macroflora: ferns occur sporadically in the macroflora of each depositional environment but they strongly dominate the sporomorph assemblage. Our proposed reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment is a slight rise descending into a valley with a depositionary basin, with gymnosperms on the slope and ferns at the base. Some species are shared between Cianowice and nearby Middle Jurassic localities in Grojec and Zabierzów, and the majority of taxa are known from the Middle Jurassic, suggesting that the Cianowice deposits are of that age.","PeriodicalId":51002,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Palevol","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79891895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：